Renewable energy potential and business opportunities in Suriname, 2-2010

Seminar:

“Renewable energy potential and business opportunities in

Suriname”

Monday 1st February 2010Banquet Hall - Hotel Torarica, Paramaribo

2 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe”

executive Summary

Humans are using energy to enhance their living conditions. The primary energy demand of a country

is a function of the number of inhabitants (capita), the activities of these inhabitants to create prosperity

(GDP in US$/capita.year) and the amount of energy necessary to support those activities per unit of

realized prosperity (energy intensities in J/US$). In Suriname, the number of inhabitants and more

over the prosperity increased significantly but the energy intensity decreased only slightly in the last

10 years, that’s the reason why the primary energy demand increased by approximately 7.4%/year

(calculated value).

Environmental limits:

Petroleum products are used as energy source in industry, in electricity generation and in the transport

sector. Combustion releases greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) in the atmosphere. Excessive emissions

cause global warming which can result in sea level rise, with possible catastrophic consequences

for Suriname. The Kyoto-protocol and more recently the big environmental meeting in Copenhagen

(Denmark) promote a reduction of CO2 emissions. Energy savings and renewable energy are two

important pillars to help achieve emission reductions. Developing countries like Suriname can use the

Clean Development Mechanism or CDM (part of the Kyoto Protocol) to receive financial support for

projects reducing CO2 emissions.

Facing demand growth:

This seminar highlights significant growth in energy demand in Suriname. The demand for electricity

grew 10% last year and the forecast is that growth rate will be in the order of 8% per year in the near

future. Additional electricity is now generated by heavy oil, and over the last 4 years 54,000 new cars

came on the roads, further increasing the growing demand for oil products. Nevertheless, the “official”

oil demand and imports have barely changed over the past years.

Given such high growth rate of oil demand, there is need to look first for ways to master demand

and to use energy in a more rational way (Rational Energy Use, REU) in order to limit investment

in expensive supply infrastructure. Examples of REG actions include: energy efficient lighting, more

energy efficient buildings and more efficient air conditioning, more energy efficient cars, combined

electricity and heat production in industry (or co-generation) etc. However, given the enormous

growth in energy demand, the savingpotential alone is not high enough to face growing demand.

Significant investment in more energy supply is therefore urgent. In this context EBS plans to

extend its generation capacity by a new electric power station of around 80 MW (first phase) and

the Staatsolie is working on the feasibility study (pre-feasibility) of the Tapa-Jai hydropower project.

In the oil sector, Staatsolie plans expansion of its oil refinery and prepares a bio-ethanol project in Wageningen.

Beside these large energy projects, there are several other initiatives in the interior of the country,

including a micro-hydro, a solar and a wind project at Galibi.

3“HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe”

Indicators:

Indicators are an important means of quantifying general information (see SBF / SBC seminar on June 26,

2009, “Good Statistics for Sustainable Development in Suriname”). Indicators are essential for transparent

energy policy and investment decisions. They help to substantiate and support funding applications. Several

government agencies, businesses and other institutions dispose of part of the quantitative information, but

a complete picture of the energy situation in Suriname requires that this data be compiled and processed.

What other indicators are still missing and who can ensure that these indicators become available?

Policy:

Due to the large spread and diversity of data, it is very difficult to coherently combine related information

in a manner that is useful to policymaking. The Ministry of Natural Resources (NH) is working on a

number of initiatives that will better support policymaking in the future. This includes the establishment

of an Energy Institute.

Financing projects:

Financing investments in the energy sector requires special attention. Access to capital is a particular

challenge for Suriname. In the past, Suriname looked to the Netherlands for financing resources in the

energy sector. In the future, a different approach should be followed. The government will have to put

in place a structured framework for financing energy supply with special attention to renewable and

sustainable energy sources. This framework will be based on policy choices and priorities in the energy

sector. There should be a clear statement about the desired energy supply mix: Fossil fuel and renewable

energy (hydro, bio-fuel, solar, wind), (nuclear). Government policy on price tariffs must be included in

the framework. Choices made must, on the one hand, aim to offer sufficient incentives for energy saving

and on the other hand the necessary incentives to stimulate financing for desirable new energy projects.

Such framework or strategic financial plan should be composed of at least three elements: (1) public

financing from the yield of energy savings, (2) international development financing through bilateral

cooperation agreements with international financial organizations (3) private venture capital.

Business opportunities:

The dynamic energy sector offers significant opportunities for the Surinamese businesses. Besides

the large investment projects (EBS and Staatsolie and their spin-off effects), there are opportunities in

specific markets. This seminar evoked opportunities for:

Energy conservation measures (small and large)•

Energy efficient cars•

Energy efficient air conditioning and construction measures•

Renewable energy in the oil industry (bio-ethanol)•

Renewable energy in the electricity sector (Tapa-Jai• hydro-power)

Financing.•


Content

executive Summary 2

1 objective, target group and expected results 6

1.1 Objectives 6

1.2 Target group 6

1.3 Expected results 6

2 opening session 7

2.1 Introduction, Suriname Business Development Center Director, Mr. Ir. Ernie P.Isselt 7

2.2 Welcome words from Mr. Ing. Orlando dos Ramos, 8

Chairman Suriname Business Forum

2.3 Speech Chargee d’Affaires Delegation of the European Union 10

Mrs. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones

2.4 Opening speech Minister of Natural Resources, Mr. Dr. Gregory Rusland 10

3 energy balance and energy indicators 13

3.1 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Opportunity for Suriname?, 13

NIMOS, Ms. Farzia Hausil

3.2 (Oil) Energy balance of Suriname, Suriname State Oil Company, Mr. Annand Jagesar 14

3.2.1 The Oil Balance of Suriname 15

3.2.2 The oil payments balance 15

3.2.3 Oil reserves 16

3.2.4 One final remark on “Renewable Energy” 17

3.2.5 Share of renewable energy in global primary energy supply 18

3.3 Electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives, EBS, Mr. Ir. Samuel Mehairjan 18

3.3.1 Electricity demand 19

3.3.2 Electricity supply 20

3.3.3 Inter-connection Suriname – French Guyana 22

3.3.4 Additional Electricity Supply with Renewable Energy 23

3.3.5 Rational use of Energy and Energy Efficiency 23

3.3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 23

3.4 Questions: 24

4 Business opportunities for energy efficiency and Renewable energy 27

4.1 Energy indicators and missing knowledge, AdeKUS, Mr. Ir. Cornel Wijngaarde 27

4.1.1 Basis Energy indicators 27

4.1.2 Other key indicators 27

4.1.3 Specific indicators for Renewable Energy 27


4.1.4 Missing Knowledge 29

4.1.5 Steps to take 29

4.2 Potential Energy savings and Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname: 30

basic concepts, Stichting Energie & Duurzame Ontwikkeling Suriname,

Mr. Ing. Johan Geeraert, MSc, MBA

4.2.1 Rational use of energy 30

4.2.2 Renewable Energy 35

4.3 Questions 37

5 Panel Discussion 1: Rational use of energy or demand management for energy 40

5.1 REG applications, Mr. Samuel Mehairjan (EBS/Director Transmission & Generation) 40

5.1.1 Energy saving lamps 40

5.1.2 Electronically controlled engines 40

5.2 Energy-efficient cars, Fernandes Automotive, Mr. Glenn Stekkel 41

5.3 Climate and construction measures, applications, New Tech, Mr. Werner van Geel 43

5.3.1 The residential air conditioning equipment 43

5.3.2 The commercial installations 44

5.3.3 Architectural measures 45

5.4 Questions: 46

6 Panel discussion 2: Renewable energy or additional energy supply? 48

6.1 Hydropower: Opportunities for Suriname, Mr. Eddy Frankel 48

(Staatsolie Suriname Company)

6.2 Bio-energy: Opportunities for Suriname, Mrs. Rosita Ramautar 48

(Staatsolie Suriname Company)

6.3 Funding Renewable Energy projects and Rational use of energy or Energy Efficiency, 50

Mr. Drs. Silvano Tjong-Ahin, consultant

6.4 Questions 53

7 Plenary discussion / Conclusions & Recommendations 55

8 Conclusion, Mr. Dr. ir. Viren ajodhia, Chairman seminar 59

9 Closing 61

Appendix 1: Acronymic 62

Appendix 2: Evaluation 63

Appendix 3: Agenda 69

Appendix 4: Participants 71

Appendix 5: Presentations 75


1. objective, target group and expected results

1.1 objectives

Give an overview of the current state of energy supply•

Explore challenges and opportunities for slowing climate change by reducing CO2 emissions •

through rational energy use and renewable energy

Emphasize a common vision on renewable energy and sustainable energy•

Identify renewable energy potential for entrepreneurs and opportunities to finance these projects•

Increase awareness within the public and private sectors•

1.2 Target group

This seminar is aimed at entrepreneurs, the relevant public sector, government, private organizations

and NGOs. The aim is to reach 80 to 100 participants

1.3 expected results

Convince the public and private sectors and especially entrepreneurs and government agencies of •

the importance of renewable energy sources (RES) and increased energy efficiency (EE), the op-

portunities they offer and the necessary policies to achieve sustainable development.

Reveal part of the missing information needed to make decisions that will lead to sustainable •

development.

Identify measures that could lead to greater energy efficiency and a higher share of renewable •

energy in Suriname

Opportunities for financial assistance through the “Clean Development Mechanism” »

Ways to improve balance of payments »

Highlight difficulties and challenges for achieving greater energy efficiency and to achieve more •

renewable energy projects in Suriname,

Increase the awareness of entrepreneurs, on energy efficiency and renewable energy.•


2 opening session

2.1 introduction, Suriname Business Development Center Director, Mr. ir. ernie P.isselt

Ladies and Gentlemen, Good morning

Welcome, Minister of Natural Resources and Energy

It is an honor to welcome you to our seminar on “Renewable Energy Potential and Business Opportunities

in Suriname”.

My name is Ernie Isselt, Director of Suriname Business Development Center, an organ of the Suriname

Business Forum.

The SBF was established by law with a goal to stimulate the “sustainable development of the local

private sector and has presented the National Strategy for such development as received from its

Partners in order to deepen and implement it.

Partners in the Suriname Business Forum include the Private Sector (ASFA, KKF and VSB), the Public

Sector (Ministry of HI, Finance, Justice and Police, LVV) and civil society (the Labor Ravaksur, AdeK

University of Suriname, NGOs WBG).

One of the tasks of the SBC is to play a facilitating role and ensure that partners and the community are

provided with adequate information and data to assist them in policy formulation, policy implementation

measures, reforms, investment, efficiency-enhancing activities in the Private and Public Sectors, and

all this with a view to “sustainable development of the Local Private Sector”.

Today we will focus on “Renewable Energy” and in particular the potential of Suriname, but also the

need for energy and thereby open eyes to beneficial opportunities available for the Surinamese Private

Sector.

We are pleased with our choice and also the timing on this issue. Not long ago, namely last week, we

heard many world leaders, and leaders of the world’s largest economies state that “Providing incentives

for energy efficiency and clean energy are the right things to do for our future” and “ That the Nation

that leads the clean-energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy”.

Ladies and gentlemen, the chair of the day’s program lies in the hands of the chairman, Dr. Ir. Viren

Ajodhia. Before passing the leadership to Dr. Ir. Viren Ajodhia, may I welcome Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez

Aragones, Chargee d’Affaires, Delegation of the European Union.


2.2 welcome words from Mr. ing. orlando dos Ramos, Chairman Suriname Business Forum

Thank you chairman, Honorable Minister Gregory Rusland, Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones,

Director EBS Ir. Watson, other staff members of energy companies, Suriname Business Development

Center director, esteemed speakers. It gives me particular pleasure to welcome you here today on behalf

of the Suriname Business Forum, a warm welcome at this seminar where we look at the “Renewable

energy potential of Suriname and the business opportunities thereof”.

Suriname as a developing country finds itself in a fairly good position in terms of energy supply.

Although we may not all be satisfied, we must surely realize that we have our own oil production. A

lot of other developing countries cannot say that. We have a hydropower station at Afobaka and more

potential in western Suriname and elsewhere in the country. We have possibilities for use of biomass

in Suriname. We have had four wet years with lots of energy supply from Afobaka.

Part of our energy supply is still generated from crude oil. That we produce oil in Suriname is something

we should be happy about, yet oil is a reserve that will eventually run out. It is our duty to ensure

that we look at renewable energy opportunities, so our children and our grandchildren can also have

energy available for their needs. There has been, in recent years a huge growth in demand for energy.

Electrical energy has experienced growth in peak capacity of between 6% and 8% per annum and it

looks unlikely that this will quickly diminish. That means an additional capacity of 10MW per year, or

expressed differently, we will need to install big machines each year, such as the four EBS has ordered.

And if we keep installing such big machines, at some point Saramacca Street may be too small! In

the transport sector it is obvious to everyone that we have had a tremendous growth in the number of

vehicles, the number of motorized vehicles. I think there is now three times more vehicles than about

15 years ago and all use fuel. But also in industry there are companies involved in energy intensive

activities. We are all happy with the gold industry, which is a big income generator, but there alone 20

MW is used. It is therefore necessary that we start discussing the energy situation and that together we

consider how we can make this necessity of life last. For years, previous governments have not placed

the necessary level of focus on energy. The main focus has been on medical care, education, helping

poor people and the elderly. These are all very important things, but we all need energy supply. There

is clearly more attention being given to energy supply by the current government. There have been a

number of meetings in recent years where people have started to address the issue. Several options

and possibilities have been offered and these have given impetus to implementation of various projects.

I think of solar energy. We have a wonderful project at Kwamalasumutu. Unfortunately this is no longer

running due to lack of maintenance. We have at the Brownsberg site a long time power supply to the

Telesur communications station with a hybrid system largely fueled on solar power. Now there is a

cable installed to the site. We have had several small applications as well. We have the traffic lights and

for a long time now, road markers seen in the river powered by solar energy. We also have biomass. As

early as in the 60s, electric power in Wageningen in the district of Nickerie, has been generated using


chaff. In 1975 upgrades were done raising the output to 1,250 kW, nearly half of the supply needed

in Wageningen. That was all generated with the burning of chaff with a very special furnace used to

generate steam and a steam turbine electric generator powered by a left turn. Also, electric generation

and Victoria Mariënburg with steam which Bagase burned to generate steam. These forms of biomass

utilization are unfortunately lost. An attempt in the district of Nickerie to use rice for power generation

is unfortunately not off the ground. I think one of the later speakers will discuss them extensively. Also

attempts to use wood waste are never really seriously. But we have a lot of possibilities.

Today we will cover how we can work on the demand side. We have a growth of 6%- 8% or maybe

10% per year. Can we slow growth a bit? Can we without losing a bit of the enjoyment get our energy

consumption less? A few years ago, the Ministry of NH and the Government of Cuba implemented a

project to replace incandescent bulbs. This project should have a sequel, especially to consider the

possibilities of the LED lights that have become so popular. We can also help save us energy. But I

think that greater savings are possible through the application of more efficient electrical machines.

For example, air conditioners we import should conform to the Energy Efficiency Rate, or EEA, because

there are machines available working on half of the wattage for the same cooling capacity. We must

look at the way we build, that we utilize the sun energy to our gain and limit the energy used for cooling

to a minimum.

Ladies and gentlemen there is much to do. I thus conclude my welcome speech and wish you a fruitful

seminar. Thank you.


2.3 Speech Chargee d’affaires Delegation of the european union Mrs. esmeralda Hernandez aragones

Good morning. From the 1st of December 2009 the treaty of Lisbon became into force and the delegation

of the European Commission, has become the European Union Delegation, or the Delegation of the

European Union. During this small introduction I want to thank you for inviting me today, to be here

on this new seminar organized by the Suriname Business Development Center. Thank you very much

Chairman of the Suriname Business Forum, Suriname Business Development Center and Minister and

also the ladies and gentlemen that are here today in this seminar. In 2006 the law was passed by the

Suriname assembly to put forward the dialogue between the public and the private sector in Suriname.

The Suriname Business Development Center is the operational arm, a platform for dialogue, of the

Suriname Business Forum and the European Union is supporting with a budget of 2.4 Million Euro in

order to assist this initiative and to put forward all dialogue initiatives in the public and business sector

in Suriname. Today the topic of your seminar “Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname and Business opportunities” is very interesting. All day representatives, institutions, organizations, companies,

Ministries that will discuss today the different aspects of enabling energy and business in Suriname

will be a success. I liked really to mark my support, not only personal, but also the support of the

European community to this initiative and this seminar and that you are very successful in the outcome

of this seminar. Thank you.

2.4 opening speech Minister of natural Resources, Mr. Dr. gregory Rusland

Chairman and Board of Suriname Business Forum Director, Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones,

Delegation of the European Union, Directors, Vice Directors, representatives of various organizations,

dignitaries, it is good to deepen a few things. Looking at the theme, title “Renewable energy potential

and business opportunities in Suriname” then you may wonder what is intended. Is the intention to

look at energy toward business community, or should you look for opportunities for the business

community to do business within the energy framework and of course gain profit from them. Whichever

way we look at it, is good to take a look at the current energy situation in Suriname. When we compare

ourselves with our fellow countries in the region, you will understand that we have done pretty well.

Sometimes with a bit of luck as we have sufficient water in the reservoir and sometimes a little less

luck (the current situation we now face). But in any case, if we look at energy in Suriname, we see that

EBS (the Energy Company Suriname) and Electrification Supply Department (DEV) of the Ministry of

Natural Resources have an important role. EBS is responsible for the coastal side and DEV is mainly

responsible for the villages in the interior. The largest amount of energy is still used in the coastal plain,

Paramaribo. If we look at the past year 2009, we have a peak power level of about 160 MW and an

average power of 140 MW. This has largely been handled from the Afobakadam through Suralco. We

note that, because of water problems we had in the lake during the last period (months), Alcoa has


indicated that the demand that can be covered by our dam is limited to 80 MW. The remainder must be

insured by ourselves and we do that with generators of EBS and NV State Oil Company Suriname. At

present, we can pretty well satisfy the energy out there, but we know there is still some sensitivity in the

system. Hence, we have recently taken the decision to increase capacity: SA EBS is currently an extra

generator to purchase with a capacity of 7 MW and State Oil is working on two generators to buy. Within

a few months (March, April 2010) we additionally will increase power by a further 21 MW. I always refer

to the energie top we had in 2008. They made a prognosis, and Mr. Orlando dos Ramos mentioned a

growth rate of 6% per year, 8% a year, but if the EBS figures are accurate we notice that we have had a

growth rate above 10% per year over the past eighteen years. The expectations we had in 2008 for the

next 15 years with a forecast for 2023, with the growth rate of 10% per year are underestimated and we

need much more energy than predicted by time (325 MW). That means we will have to consider how we

can respond to this demand. During the energy top it became clear that hydropower is one of the main

alternatives to fill this gap in Suriname. That is also good because it is one of the clean energy sources.

It will also require taking into account the necessary problems in the field of environment, social life

etc. We need to make every effort to realize the potential of our renewable resources to the maximum.

But we must not close our eyes to other forms of energy, including bioenergy, solar and wind energy.

We realize that in Suriname at the moment, the government, the Ministry of Natural Resources, can

use all the support of experts from outside the Department, or outside the government to ensure that

we are preparing and conducting a good policy. As responsible for the Ministry of NH we look at the

opportunities we have. We see a relatively weak structure within the government and so we make good

use of the influence of the EBS and State Oil. About three years ago, I asked Staatsolie to coordinate

a number of issues relating to renewable energy. Since then, there is a piece of close contact between

the State Oil and the Ministry of Natural Resources, even at international forums the Ministry of NH is

often represented by people from State Oil. You also notice that there are activities within the company

where we are going to maximize uptake and use of Renewable Energy Sources. Recently some areas

of the ex SML were purchased, with the intention of building pilot installations for biomass energy

generation. In that area, there is support from outside. When we talk about Bioenergy, Brazilians are

very far. At the highest level, the Presidents of both countries, the level of ministries and at the expert

level, agreements have been made. This technical exchange with experts and people including State Oil,

with support from Brazil will be provided. In the Caribbean, various initiatives have been undertaken by

others and I can cite that we are currently engaged, along with the University, in an inventory of issues

related to wind energy. More information on this issue will probably be provided later by experts. We

note that in the field of bio-ware there is an initiative to create an institute. This initiative was initiated

by business, with Phytotech (plant breeding) and the Ministry of NH, the University and Staatsolie

seeking how to respond to the issues which today are important and will be so in the future. I think

I should cite it as a concrete example of a connection between Renewable Resources and Business

Opportunities. If we look at your position in the energy supply in Suriname, you will not have to wait for

the government, but you have to take your own initiatives, to create your own place and respond to the

opportunities that exist within this sector. For me, there is ample room for the government. I think this

remark is clear, we are looking forward to all information, all support that can be given to the sector


of the Renewable Energy and Clean Energy, in order to position us well in the future. Suriname has the

potential and I think we then have to respond. We have also seen that our hydropower potential has

helped us well in the recent past compared with other countries in the region. Some of these countries

do not have the capital they need to invest in energy supply. We have the benefits of hydro Suriname

supported by oil.

Ladies and gentlemen, I think I should say that such comments are Wellcome, we again look for the

information you want to bring to us, so we can adapt our policies accordingly.

With these words I wish you every success as the Suriname Business Forum seminar and I declare

the seminar open.


3. energy balance and energy indicators

3.1 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): opportunity for Suriname?, niMoS, Ms. Farzia Hausil

Together we will go through the background of CDM.

Due to the effects of global warming, which is caused by emissions of greenhouse gases, countries

have decided to reach international agreements. These arrangements can be found in the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. In the Kyoto

Protocol is explicitly included that industrialized countries reduce their emissions of greenhouse

gases by an average 5% compared to 1990 levels, and this over the period 2008-2012. To meet this

reduction commitment several instruments are handed to these countries. One of these tools is the

Clean Development Mechanism or CDM. The point is that these countries, which have too high a goal

of limiting their emissions, embark on projects related to clean technology in developing countries,

including Suriname. The CDM has a commercial character, on the one hand it provides additional

investment in developing countries, and on the other hand it ensures that developed countries can

meet their reduction obligations in a cost effective way. Renewable energy projects are a good example

of CDM projects.

Here an overview of the sectors and their corresponding emissions of greenhouse gases in Suriname.

In the past, there have been a number of studies related to this issue. The latest study is that of 2003,

which can be found in our First National Communication. The energy sector is the largest source of CO2

emissions through the use of fossil fuels.

Implementation of CDM in Suriname:

Suriname has ratified the UNFCCC in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol in 2006 and in March 2008, the Minister

of ATM signed with UNEP RISO Centre an agreement to implement the project CD4CDM. The aim of this

project is to increase the knowledge on CDM and its potential and strengthen the capacity to formulate

CDM projects and implementation. The project started in April 2008, workshops were organized, and

the CDM Committee was formally established in July 2009. An awareness website was constructed and

we have participated in Carbon Expo to promote Suriname as CDM destination.

There are several requirements to participate in the CDM: (1) ratify the Kyoto Protocol (realized),

(2) establishment of a CDM infrastructure (completed). The structure is as follows: the Minister of

ATM is the contact for the CDM and the Kyoto Protocol. The main task is to evaluate CDM projects.

The majority of CDM projects also interferes with other ministries, thus there is an interdepartmental

working group (NH Department, University).


UNFCCC has standard project documents.

What are the identified CDM projects? The Minister and Mr. dos Ramos have already talked about a

few of these. Some examples are: the use of solar energy, converting municipal waste into energy,

the diversion of the Tapanahoni River in Jaikreek and on to the reservoIr. Rice husk gassing electricity

generation in Nickerie. This project is in a very advanced stage because both the PIN and PDD are

completed. We are also approached by AdeKUS with the idea to plant mangroves along the coast. The

project may also qualify for CDM. We are awaiting the project proposal.

The progress of the project CD4CDM: We are now in the final phase. To conclude the project we will

carry out a feasibility study. It has already been indicated what the possibilities for Suriname are. If

we could pour into a CDM picture and post how much CO2 we can effectively avoid and what such a

project would cost, the study will be complete. A new topic is the establishment of a CDM portfolio in

Suriname plus more work on awareness and training on CDM.

We will very briefly look at the results of the major climate conference in Copenhagen in December

2009. The negotiations did not result in a legally binding document. As developed, the Copenhagen

agreement, which I describe as an out-line or a “Future Framework to Address Climate Change” it is

more of a political document. Also with regard to progress after 2013, there are no binding agreements

between countries, i.e. that the negotiations within the Working Group under the Kyoto Protocol will

continue. Some elements included in the agreement: Efforts to limit the maximum temperature increase

to no more than 2oC will be continued; in order to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions for developed

countries, the Copenhagen agreement added an annex prompting emission targets until 2020. For

developing countries there are mitigating measures included, but Suriname was an exception (and on

voluntary basis). We decide when we want to perform and provided we get money from developed

countries. To finance what is included in the short term, a sum of U.S. $ 30 billion will be released for

“the most vulnerable countries”, but how all that will work has not been determined.

Finally: “the future of our business is being designed now, let us being organized”.

3.2 (oil) energy balance of Suriname, Suriname State oil Company, Mr. annand Jagesar

First we talk about oil, then we will see how fast Suriname must look at other sources of energy and

we do this by checking how much reserves we have and how long we can continue with the current oil

reserves. Then we make a final remark on renewable energy. The organizers of this seminar asked me

to focus also on “Business Opportunities”.


3.2.1 The oil Balance of Suriname

15

3.2 (Oil) Energy balance of Suriname, Suriname State Oil Company,Mr. Annand Jagesar

First we talk about oil, then we will see how fast Suriname must look at other sources of energy and wedo this by checking how much reserves we have and how long we can continue with the current oilreserves. Then we make a final remark on renewable energy. The organizers of this seminar asked me tofocus also on "Business Opportunities".

3.2.1 The Oil Balance of Suriname

Figure 1: Demand & Supply of Oil Products, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fossil oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February2010.

It was a challenge to compile Figure 1. The bars represent energy demand and the lines supply data andestimates of State Oil. The need for heavy oil is shown in orange bars (about 3.2 million barrels / year),the demand for diesel products in green bars and gasoline demand in the blue bars. It is understandablethat you may have questions about the data. We expect a rather fast growth in oil demand because ofthe increasing number of cars on the roads, but we could not deduce that effect from official figures. Wework only with official data, so the presented figuresare the official ones. Some orders of demand levels:the gasoline consumption is about 350,000 liters / day, the diesel consumption is about 525,000 liters /day and the consumption of heavy oil is much higher due to Suralco using this energy source to generateprocess heat.

What can we now supply from Staatsolie? We make a little bit of diesel in the current refinery: 350barrels/day and the major missing (larger) part is now imported (i.e. the difference between the greenbars and the green line). We do not produce gasoline at the moment, so all demand is satisfied byimported gasoline. We produce a lot of heavy oil and the surplus between the local supply (red line) andthe local demand (in orange bar) is exported. When our new refinery will be operational (in 2014), thesituations will change and we will fully meet the diesel needs, and almost all the gasoline demand.Instead of being a major oil exporter we will become a major oil importer. We have sufficient heavy oil

Domestic Diesel/ Gasoline/ Fuel oil Demand & Production

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Figure 1: Demand & Supply of Oil Products, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fossil oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

It was a challenge to compile Figure 1. The bars represent energy demand and the lines supply data and

estimates of State Oil. The need for heavy oil is shown in orange bars (about 3.2 million barrels / year),

the demand for diesel products in green bars and gasoline demand in the blue bars. It is understandable

that you may have questions about the data. We expect a rather fast growth in oil demand because of the

increasing number of cars on the roads, but we could not deduce that effect from official figures. We work

only with official data, so the presented figuresare the official ones. Some orders of demand levels: the

gasoline consumption is about 350,000 liters / day, the diesel consumption is about 525,000 liters / day and

the consumption of heavy oil is much higher due to Suralco using this energy source to generate process

heat. What can we now supply from Staatsolie? We make a little bit of diesel in the current refinery: 350

barrels/day and the major missing (larger) part is now imported (i.e. the difference between the green bars

and the green line). We do not produce gasoline at the moment, so all demand is satisfied by imported

gasoline. We produce a lot of heavy oil and the surplus between the local supply (red line) and the local

demand (in orange bar) is exported. When our new refinery will be operational (in 2014), the situations will

change and we will fully meet the diesel needs, and almost all the gasoline demand. Instead of being a major

oil exporter we will become a major oil importer. We have sufficient heavy oil to meet the local need, but at

the moment we are not able to satisfy the demand of the much higher quality e gasoline and diesel products.

If we express total demand in barrels, it is about 14,500 barrels / day and production of State Oil is 16,000

barrels / day, we are an exporter in barrels.

3.2.2 The oil payments balance

In money terms the picture is very different because we import gasoline and diesel which are much

more expensive than heavy oil.


16

to meet the local need, but at the moment we are not able to satisfy the demand of the much higherquality e gasoline and diesel products.If we express total demand in barrels, it is about 14,500 barrels / day and production of State Oil is16,000 barrels / day, we are an exporter in barrels.

3.2.2 The oil payments balanceIn money terms the picture is very different because we import gasoline and diesel which are muchmore expensive than heavy oil.

Figure 2: Estimated effect on the balance of payment (Millions US $), Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr.Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

Figure 2 shows the estimated impact on the balance of payments. Actually the internal demand ofpetroleum products has a serious impact on the currency market because for gasoline and dieselimports the oil companies are dependent on the foreign exchange market. This effect exists now.Despite the fact that we are net exporters in barrels, we consume quite a lot of currency to meetdemand in Suriname. The year 2008 is an outlier, but Figure 2 shows the trend that is dominated by thelarge increase in refined production by State Oil from 2014 on. Just before and just after that year wesee a slight decline by the increase in demand for gasoline and diesel. As soon as the refinery will beoperational, it will create a great relief to the foreign exchange market.

3.2.3 Oil reservesSearch for resources is a challenge. The company first exploits the known reserves and with time goingon it becomes increasingly difficult to discover new resources. Staatsolie has a comprehensive programdesigned to provide resources. It takes a lot of money and time and ultimately geological studies need to

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Figure 2: Estimated effect on the balance of payment (Millions US $), Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

Figure 2 shows the estimated impact on the balance of payments. Actually the internal demand of

petroleum products has a serious impact on the currency market because for gasoline and diesel

imports the oil companies are dependent on the foreign exchange market. This effect exists now.

Despite the fact that we are net exporters in barrels, we consume quite a lot of currency to meet

demand in Suriname. The year 2008 is an outlier, but Figure 2 shows the trend that is dominated by the

large increase in refined production by State Oil from 2014 on. Just before and just after that year we

see a slight decline by the increase in demand for gasoline and diesel. As soon as the refinery will be

operational, it will create a great relief to the foreign exchange market.

3.2.3 oil reserves

Search for resources is a challenge. The company first exploits the known reserves and with time

going on it becomes increasingly difficult to discover new resources. Staatsolie has a comprehensive

program designed to provide resources. It takes a lot of money and time and ultimately geological

studies need to be done: exploration, drilling and geological studies again and eventually you can add

a number of sources. Sometimes you do a lot of research and it delivers nothing. Two explored tracks

were useless and we are investigating two other tracks that could provide a lot more than expected.

This is related to the uncertainty we face in exploration. What does our exploration program look like?

We had a very large exploration campaign in 2007 -2008 and we did not yet explore much further than

the Tambaredjo field. We have tapped Nickerie, Coronie and been to Commewijne with our exploration

activities. It looks good and we expect that by 2013 approximately 64 million barrels may be credited

to our actual reserves (80 million barrels) or 13 years of production. Adding those 64 million barrels


we arrive at a total reserve a little over 20 years of production. If we follow that path, we must ensure

that after 20 years other energy sources become available. Also our offshore program looks very

interesting, but we think the likelihood of success is lower and the time to come to reserves is much

longer. As you know, Repsol in 2008 drilled a hole in a block and that has costed U.S. $ 100 million.

They have collected a lot of information but no oil, the risk of offshore exploration is a lot higher than

onshore. You can sometimes spend a lot of money and fail. We achieved our work program and there

are quite a few experts that stay convinced that sooner or later we will find additional reserves. But it

takes a lot of money. A new oil source actually costs U.S. $ 100 million. If you compare the required

investment with the sales figure of State Oil, it is clear that State Oil is not willing to finance that risk.

3.2.4 one final remark on “Renewable energy”

The story of the Hubert peak is basically the ultimate driving force behind the nervousness in the oil

market. The Hubert peak is the time corresponding to maximum oil production. The question is whether

we have already reached that peak. Experts say no, because there is still plenty of scope for higher

production, so the peak will move forward into the future. But oil will become more expensive. In our

case, approximately 80% of the oil stays (remains) in the soil (Recovery leak), that is simply inherent to

the oil industry. You can extract the oil in a much more intensive way out of the ground (Enhanced Oil

Recovery), but it costs a lot more money. To do it in a cost efficient manner, oil price should increase.

You need a higher oil price, and that will shift the peak to a later date. In 2008, the high oil price was a

market signal that there can be a shortage of cheap oil in the future. The financial crisis followed by an

economic crisis reduced oil demand so that the oil price returned to a more normal level.

18

Figure 3: Peak Oil estimation and ‘oil related’ mitigations, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar,1 February 2010.

Because of the high oil prices, the market was looking at cheaper alternatives. It has signaled support forrenewable energy. Let’s look at renewable energy.

3.2.5 Share of renewable energy in global primary energy supplyStill a bit of reality. In 1973, global primary energy supply was around 6,000 mega tonnes of oilequivalent. That amount of energy was supplied for about 89% by fossil fuel (See Figure 4). In 2007, theprimary energy supply approximately doubled, but it is still 82% fossil based. The percentage ofrenewable energy even decreased (not withstanding the development of "New Renewables"); thedifference was supplied by nuclear and hydro. There is still a very big gap to close between fossil fuelsand renewables.

Figure 4: Share of energy sources in the global primary energy supply, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr.Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

Figure 3: Peak Oil estimation and ‘oil-related’ mitigations, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

Because of the high oil prices, the market was looking at cheaper alternatives. It has signaled support

for renewable energy. Let’s look at renewable energy.


3.2.5 Share of renewable energy in global primary energy supply

Still a bit of reality. In 1973, global primary energy supply was around 6,000 mega tonnes of oil

equivalent. That amount of energy was supplied for about 89% by fossil fuel (See Figure 4). In 2007,

the primary energy supply approximately doubled, but it is still 82% fossil-based. The percentage

of renewable energy even decreased (not withstanding the development of “New Renewables”); the

difference was supplied by nuclear and hydro. There is still a very big gap to close between fossil fuels

and renewables.

18

Figure 3: Peak Oil estimation and ‘oil related’ mitigations, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar,1 February 2010.

Because of the high oil prices, the market was looking at cheaper alternatives. It has signaled support forrenewable energy. Let’s look at renewable energy.

3.2.5 Share of renewable energy in global primary energy supplyStill a bit of reality. In 1973, global primary energy supply was around 6,000 mega tonnes of oilequivalent. That amount of energy was supplied for about 89% by fossil fuel (See Figure 4). In 2007, theprimary energy supply approximately doubled, but it is still 82% fossil based. The percentage ofrenewable energy even decreased (not withstanding the development of "New Renewables"); thedifference was supplied by nuclear and hydro. There is still a very big gap to close between fossil fuelsand renewables.

Figure 4: Share of energy sources in the global primary energy supply, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr.Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

Figure 4: Share of energy sources in the global primary energy supply, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010.

Business Opportunities:

Staatsolie will concentrate on its core business and we always try to do it incrementally. There are oil

provinces in the world (eg Houston) where you can get someone around the corner to drill for you 6 oil

sources and someone else to build a production plant. We did not have that luxury in Suriname. The oil

industry has developed slowly and we continue that way as far as the subcontractors follow. The scale

is also important; you need to have a critical size to do this job. We think we have a little tranquility in

the petroleum field and we will divest some activities. The experience is that a lot of subcontractors

have grown with State Oil and I think with success. In our international contracts, we have always

included an article that we want to maximize the contribution of the local component and that means

favorizing local business and attracting staff in Suriname. In many countries it is a dead intention,

because companies ultimately give priority to business. Staatsolie is still trying to force people to

adhere to this clause.

3.3 electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives, eBS, Mr. ir. Samuel Mehairjan

A small summary: The EBS celebrates its 100th birthday and has 11 companies at different locations

with power plants in the Saramacca-street, Clara polder Nickerie, Wageningen, Apura, Coronie,

Brokopondo, Moengo and Albina, Ogane Livorno and Ogane Longmay Nickerie. The head office is at

the Noorderkerk-street, West Kanaal-street and Head office at Livorno. EBS employs 943 persons.


3.3.1 electricity demand

The electricity demand in the EPAR zone is growing (EPAR is the environment of Paramaribo, Wanica,

Commewijne, Saramacca and part of Para district). From 1970 to 2009, peak load increased from 22

MW to 170 MW. This is due to the increasing demand in industry, trade and household’s (due to the

growth of population). Especially additional equipment such as air conditioners, hydropfores, washing

machines, TVs, computers and electric stoves provide additional demand. Recently demand is also

rising in the mining sector (gold and oil sectors).

20

Figure 5: Historical growth in peak demand for electric power (MW) of the EPAR network 1970 October 2009, KEMAforecasted three scenarios from 2007 to 2020, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), "Electricity: supply, demand and futureprospects", Slides 4 and 5

KEMA projected annual growth in a study of the EPAR network between 2007 and 2020. In this study,three growth scenarios were considered: (1) low scenario, 2.7% / year, (2) base scenario 6.4% / year, (3)high scenario 10.0% / year. The current trend indicates a high scenario and it is expected that in 2015, inEPAR alone, the load of 250 MW will be exceeded, and in 2020 the load will go up to between 300 and425 MW. This continued strong growth requires a number of preconditions, including a certain stabilityin the country.

Figure 6: Growth and sect oral distribution of electric energy, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, "Electricity:supply, demand and future prospects", Slide 6

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Figure 5: Historical growth in peak demand for electric power (MW) of the EPAR network 1970 - October 2009, KEMA forecasted three scenarios from 2007 to 2020, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slides 4 and 5

KEMA projected annual growth in a study of the EPAR network between 2007 and 2020. In this study,

three growth scenarios were considered: (1) low scenario, 2.7% / year, (2) base scenario 6.4% / year,

(3) high scenario 10.0% / year. The current trend indicates a high scenario and it is expected that in

2015, in EPAR alone, the load of 250 MW will be exceeded, and in 2020 the load will go up to between

300 and 425 MW. This continued strong growth requires a number of preconditions, including a certain

stability in the country.


20

Figure 5: Historical growth in peak demand for electric power (MW) of the EPAR network 1970 October 2009, KEMAforecasted three scenarios from 2007 to 2020, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), "Electricity: supply, demand and futureprospects", Slides 4 and 5

KEMA projected annual growth in a study of the EPAR network between 2007 and 2020. In this study,three growth scenarios were considered: (1) low scenario, 2.7% / year, (2) base scenario 6.4% / year, (3)high scenario 10.0% / year. The current trend indicates a high scenario and it is expected that in 2015, inEPAR alone, the load of 250 MW will be exceeded, and in 2020 the load will go up to between 300 and425 MW. This continued strong growth requires a number of preconditions, including a certain stabilityin the country.

Figure 6: Growth and sect oral distribution of electric energy, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, "Electricity:supply, demand and future prospects", Slide 6

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Figure 6: Growth and sect oral distribution of electric energy, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 6

21

Figure 7: Growth in the number of EBS customers (EPAR Rosebel +), based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010,"Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects", Slide 6

3.3.2 Electricity supplyFigure 8 shows the growth in total electricity supply (from 914 GWh/year in 2006 to 1179 GWh/year in2009) that was required to fulfill the increase in EPAR and Iamgold energy demand. In 2007 and 2008additional water supply from the hydro power plant covered the additional demand, but in 2009 you seethe significant contribution of EBS and SPC in the energy supply.

Figure 8: Electricity Supply to cover the demand of EPAR and Iamgold, 2006 2009 (GWh/year). Based on S. Mehairjan (EBS),February 1, 2010, "Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects", Slide 7

We can deduce that in the past two years the KEMA "high growth" scenario was surpassed (10 13%).The total power demand (EPAR + Rosebel Gold Mines) has averaged 148 MW. In the past year theaverage sale by Suralco of hydroelectric power to the Government (NV EBS) was revised downwards

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Figure 7: Growth in the number of EBS customers (EPAR Rosebel +), based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 6

3.3.2 electricity supply

Figure 8 shows the growth in total electricity supply (from 914 GWh/year in 2006 to 1179 GWh/year in

2009) that was required to fulfill the increase in EPAR and Iamgold energy demand. In 2007 and 2008

additional water supply from the hydro power plant covered the additional demand, but in 2009 you

see the significant contribution of EBS and SPC in the energy supply.


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Figure 7: Growth in the number of EBS customers (EPAR Rosebel +), based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010,"Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects", Slide 6

3.3.2 Electricity supplyFigure 8 shows the growth in total electricity supply (from 914 GWh/year in 2006 to 1179 GWh/year in2009) that was required to fulfill the increase in EPAR and Iamgold energy demand. In 2007 and 2008additional water supply from the hydro power plant covered the additional demand, but in 2009 you seethe significant contribution of EBS and SPC in the energy supply.

Figure 8: Electricity Supply to cover the demand of EPAR and Iamgold, 2006 2009 (GWh/year). Based on S. Mehairjan (EBS),February 1, 2010, "Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects", Slide 7

We can deduce that in the past two years the KEMA "high growth" scenario was surpassed (10 13%).The total power demand (EPAR + Rosebel Gold Mines) has averaged 148 MW. In the past year theaverage sale by Suralco of hydroelectric power to the Government (NV EBS) was revised downwards

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Figure 8: Electricity Supply to cover the demand of EPAR and Iamgold, 2006 - 2009 (GWh/year). Based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 7

We can deduce that in the past two years the KEMA “high growth” scenario was surpassed (10-13%).

The total power demand (EPAR + Rosebel Gold Mines) has averaged 148 MW. In the past year the

average sale by Suralco of hydroelectric power to the Government (NV EBS) was revised downwards

twice, first to 95 MW in the month of August 2009 and later to 80 MW in the month of September 2009.

The extreme drought last year led to a shortage of water in the reservoir and thus insufficient water for

power generation.

The missing power is now produced by the EBS and the SPCS plants. This forced the EBS and SPCS to

use all available resources, a total of 55-65 MW diesel generators. But the demand of Iamgold further

increased to 22 MW, so the production is still inadequate and Suralco needed to generate an additional

20 MW by thermal power.

The red line in Figure 9 shows the demand for electrical power and the evolution in the short term.

There are solutions to meet the demand: EBS 9 MW, 14 MW SPCS, EBS Bruynzeel power plant 60-90

MW, development of Tapa-Jai, Bruynzeel II with 120 MW and development of alternative energy. These

are all business opportunities in Suriname. The average generation of Saramaccastraat is around 50

MW. At this time, all production is at its maximum. Reason enough to continue looking for solutions.


22

twice, first to 95 MW in the month of August 2009 and later to 80 MW in the month of September 2009.The extreme drought last year led to a shortage of water in the reservoir and thus insufficient water forpower generation.

The missing power is now produced by the EBS and the SPCS plants. This forced the EBS and SPCS to useall available resources, a total of 55 65 MW diesel generators. But the demand of Iamgold furtherincreased to 22 MW, so the production is still inadequate and Suralco needed to generate an additional20 MW by thermal power.

The red line in Figure 9 shows the demand for electrical power and the evolution in the short term.There are solutions to meet the demand: EBS 9 MW, 14 MW SPCS, EBS Bruynzeel power plant 60 90MW, development of Tapa Jai, Bruynzeel II with 120 MW and development of alternative energy. Theseare all business opportunities in Suriname. The average generation of Saramaccastraat is around 50MW. At this time, all production is at its maximum. Reason enough to continue looking for solutions.

Figure 9: Solution for short term problems of energy supply, S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, "Electricity: supply,demand and future prospects", Slide 8

The average annual growth of electricity is 8 13%. The investments for additional generation of 9 + 14MW are directly required and an additional power of 60 MW within two years. The NV EBS plans tobuild a thermal power plant in three phases at Beekhuizen with a total capacity of 200 MW. Theinvestment of over U.S. $ 200 million consists of: (1) Civil engineering works such as foundations,

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Figure 9: Solution for short-term problems of energy supply, S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 8

The average annual growth of electricity is 8-13%. The investments for additional generation of 9 +

14 MW are directly required and an additional power of 60 MW within two years. The NV EBS plans

to build a thermal power plant in three phases at Beekhuizen with a total capacity of 200 MW. The

investment of over U.S. $ 200 million consists of: (1) Civil engineering works such as foundations,

buildings, steel structures, access roads, (2) mechanical work such as: transport oil, water, machinery,

tanks, piping, (3) electrical works such as transmission, substation, SCADA, cabling, control.

3.3.3 inter-connection Suriname – French guyana

The distance between Paramaribo and Albina is 139 km. On the Surinamese side is the voltage is 161

KV with a frequency of 60Hz. The French system is 90 kV with a frequency of 50Hz. Asynchronous

systems cannot be connected together that is why a DC interconnection is necessary. In Albina comes

a frequency transformation that connects both systems. The 161 kV line Menckendam - Albina will

have an approximate cost of $ 30 million and the Albina conversion station will cost approximately $

20 million. This project does not have high priority.

Benefits for Suriname: (1) dynamic stability can improve, in case of rural disturbances we can help each

other, (2) the sale of energy from the Jay-Tapa project. EBS has a large and comprehensive study carried out

by Tractebel. Why is this project not a priority for EBS? At present there is not enough energy available.


3.3.4 additional electricity Supply with Renewable energy

Definition of: “Sustainable power generation”: a form of power generation, which can be maintained

economically without depleting or damaging the resources. “Renewable power generation”: a form of

power generation, in which the required resources are normally replenished through natural processes.

Renewable Biomass: planning of a rice husks power plant in Nickerie (4 MW), planning of a sugar •

cane bagase power plant in Wageningen (MW), planning of a waste burning power plant (10 MW),

research on gasification of wood waste to generate electricity.

Biofuels: ethanol Wageningen and possibly elsewhere.•

Hydropower projects: Jai-Tapa and Marowijne, Kabalebo, Micro-hydro development in many rivers.•

3.3.5 Rational use of energy and energy efficiency

Reduction of network losses:•

With higher transmission voltages used in transmission and distribution of electricity, the loss »

will fall from 10% to 5%.

Ensuring voltage- and power households using advanced computer applications that currently exist in »

Network Manager, including Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Distribution Management Sys-

tems (DMS). Using these tools enables business managers to proactively monitor the network simu-

lation, knowledge of Optimal Power Flow, Contingency Analysis and for example State Estimators.

Quality of Supply, Power Quality: devices work in the right voltage waveform (sinus) and voltage. »

Energy Efficient•

Efficient Lighting »

Economical Devices »

Stand-by power savings »

In the energy sector there are large investments expected in the coming years, due to growth and

replacement investments.

3.3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations

Renewable energy should be applied more often and higher voltages should be implemented to reduce

losses in transmission, and reduce losses in distribution. Solar energy and energy efficient equipment

need a high priority for use in households and innovative techniques in the indust.

Recommendations:

Suriname will also have to go along with the new techniques of sustainability and renewable energy •

in order to conserve the environment.

Educational institutions should adapt their curriculum including sustainable energy.•

Create awareness of the society in sustainable energy.•

Companies should deploy trained technical staff about the rapid developments and savings.•


3.4 Questions

energy balance and energy indicators

1.Q. Mr. V. Huseini.What is being done to reduce the CO2 and how do we use the waste material?

1.A. Ms. F. Hausil, NIMOSFor example the rice husk in the district of Nickerie, currently we have a project proposal for that project. The rice husk will be used to generate electricity.With regard to waste in Paramaribo, the Ministry of Public Work is looking at waste disposal at this moment. They are also looking at the opportunity to make a CDM project. We advice companies to use energy efficient equipment in their operations.

Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSThe only waste product that EBS generates is sludge from lubrication oil. This is all burned. Long time ago we used to burn it at Beekhuizen (Bruynzeel). As Bruynzeel is closed we bought a special high temperature burner, this is one of the best ways to get rid of it.

2.Q. Mr. V. HuseiniIs anybody thinking of nuclear as an option in the energy mix?

2.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSNuclear energy is clean. Why don’t we invest in it? We have to know the boundaries of our capabilities. If Nuclear would be an option, it’s my opinion that French Guyana or Brazil should do it and that Suriname could buy the power from them.

3.Q. Mr. I. Sno, ABSThe demand for electric power is increasing. What is the increase in supply of electrical energy?

3.A. EBSThe delays that have existed in new connections are now eliminated, so the demand for electricity grows faster than in the period when no new customers were connected.

4.Q. Mr. I. Sno, ABSIf we all pull the plug and start saving energy, this is probably good for the country, but how good is it for EBS? Will the income from EBS reduce and resulting to even more subsidies and more tax money?

4.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSAll energy that can be saved will become available to cover a part of the major growth. These savings will not happen until you feel them financially in your pocket.

5.Q. Mr. Man A Hing, KKF.There is no legislation to support investors who can generate electricity and to distribute it through the EBS network. EBS is the only company that can distribute electricity. In the past this has been a problem between State Oil and EBS.If we are not working to draft a legal work, we can not expect the private sector to invest in generation of solar energy or wind power, etc.What is the current situation regarding the law in Suriname?


5.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSI fully agree with Mr. A Man Hing. You need legislation, if you want people to install power generation on their roof tops and supply this energy to the network. Regarding distribution, we see that in many other countries there are multiple providers, customers can choose where to buy energy.

Mr. A. Jagesar, State OilThe Ministry of NH is working on legislation and I think that in that process the parties will be heard and that you probably will have the opportunity to get your voice heard.

6.Q. Mr. Thalea, ABS,How can we (ABS) get the data in a structured way?

6.A. Mr. A. Jagesar, Staatsolie,If you need data, you can always send a request for data to State Oil.

Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSYou can also submit a request to the EBS and we will respond.

7.Q. Mrs. J. Simons, If you speak about energy, you should first look to energy efficiency. How much energy can be saved? Is there any data available? What would be the meaning of legislation in this part?

7.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSThere is no data on energy efficiency (it is not measured at this moment). The EBS generates and buys electricity, and distributes it to meet customer demand. EBS did not yet deal with the devices the customer uses and how he deals with electricity. The question now is: who should do this? Is it the task of EBS, State Oil, the consumer association, NH, KKF, etc? If we want to have lower emissions and greater energy efficiency, it will have to come from somewhere.

8.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsWe discussed funding. One of the questions dealt with small energy generation, such as solar energy on the rooftops of houses. This is only possible if sufficient funding is available.Is there funding available?

8.A. Ms. F. Hausil, NIMOSIn my presentation I tried to clarify the possibilities for financing renewable energy projects. The Clean Development Mechanism or CDM could play a role.

9.Q. Mr. D. LachmanWhat are the performances of our two semi-governmental companies: EBS and State Oil company, concerning the emission of greenhouse gases?


9.A. Mr. A. Jagesar, StaatsolieAs far as I know there is only limited emission of methane in the operations of State Oil. Although the final product cause CO2 emissions. State Oil is currently not looking to this area. I ‘am amazed with your statement that emissions of Suriname per capita are one of the highest. I don’t have the figures yet but I would be very amazed.

Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSWhen EBS purchases we chose for modern techniques during the last 10 years. For example, the inefficient generators of Nickerie were all replaced.Fortunately we have good oil with low NOx. The auxiliary engines are of good quality.In Suriname we are aware of the importance of energy efficient transformers (98%, 99%). The distribution is the biggest problem.

10 Mrs. J. SimonsI’m glad to hear that EBS is making an effort to work correctly and in an efficient manner, but maybe the previous question is more linked to our very inefficient transport and public transport than on EBS and State Oil. According to my information it would be possible to get 30% to 40% of energy savings when you specifically invest in energy efficiency.


4 Business opportunities for energy efficiency and

Renewable energy

4.1 energy indicators and missing knowledge, adeKuS, Mr. ir. Cornel wijngaarde

We will see an overview of basic energy indicators and more specifically those for renewable energy

and for missing knowledge. The presentation will end with a proposition.

4.1.1 Basis energy indicators

The NV EBS knows well the basic energy indicators while this is less the case for the “Dienst Energie

Voorziening” (DEV).

Table 1: Basic electricity indicators

Generation, Network installed capacity•characteristics of power stations (thermal, renewable, nuclear)•transmission- and distribution network characteristics•

Load base and peak power•Daily, monthly and annual load curves•average load per day, month and year; (kWh / capita)•growth rate estimation•

4.1.2 other key indicators

The statistical agency “ABS” has also demographic indicators. Legal indicators are very important in

the energy field:

Economic / Financial (ex. Pricing System, average income per capita by region, GDP, ‘Rating’ of •

the country)

Geographic and Demographic (ex. location and composition of residential communities)•

Legal (ex. Electricity).•

4.1.3 Specific indicators for Renewable energy

You will find the key Renewable Energy Indicators in the left side of Table 2, and the source for this

information is represented in the right side of this table. Notice that it is very diverse, but if you look

well you will find this information. It would be better to consolidate the available data at one central

place.


Table 2: Renewable energy indicators

Renewable Energy Sources

Indicator:most important indicators

Information sources: technical and practical

Water Hydrological (flow, fall)•Energy demand, network•Geographical location•

Min. NH,Min. OW&V (waterloopkundige dienst),AdeKUS (Infra),NGO’s (DRES),UNDP,Min. RO/FOB.

Sun Solar intensity and duration•Power, network•Community. Geographical location•

Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), AdeKUS (Elektro, WB, Nat), UNDP, NGO’s (PAS, METS, Rotary), NASA website

Biomass What’s Bio-Energy Crops’,•Soil. Biomass per day, month, year.•Energy demand, network. Geographi-•cal location

Min. NH (EBS, Staatsolie),Min. LVV,AdeKUS (IGSR, FTeW),NGO’s (Rotary e.a.)

Wind Wind Speed Profile•Power, network•Geographical location•

AdeKUS(FTeW), Min. NH,Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), NASA website(atmosferisch research data)

“The solar irradiation” is an example of a specific renewable energy indicator. A number of •

measurements shows that there is about 5 kWh/m2.day or 18 MJ/m2.day global horizontal so-

lar irradiance in Paramaribo. This averages approximately 500 W/m2 of solar radiation 10

hours a day. A practical example of the use of PV solar panels is the holiday resort: Palumeu

from the METS. Since the electricity is used for a projector and a DVD player. Many of the en-

ergy needed for the resort is provided by PV panels. There are many examples of PV sys-

tems in Suriname, but I’ve cited this example because it is a system that is working very well.

The Energy laboratory of the Faculty of Technological Sciences recently received a PV system for

research purposes, through cooperation with a Flemish university.

Wind: The Electrical Engineering Department of the Technological Faculty has set up two wind tow-•

ers to measure wind speed at Nickerie and Galibi. This project is executed in cooperation with the

Ministry of Natural Resources and the CARICOM Secretariat through a project of the Caribbean Re-

newable Energy Development Program, CREDEP. This project has been closed and the CARICOM

Energy secretariat does a follow-up.

At Galibi, Christian Kondre and Krutu-oso a 34 m long wind measurement tower is installed. »

We measure the wind speed and direction at 30 and 20 meter height. The data is logged and

is collected every two months.

At New Nickerie, the wind measurement tower is located near the airport. Probably, the mast »

should be moved, because of expansion of the airport.

Wind: during the day 9-18 h (± 9 hours long) measured wind speeds between 6 and 8 m/s.

What are the possibilities through biomass?•

In Nickerie, there is enough rice husk for a power station of 4 MWe. The construction would »

provide an immediate solution to an acute environmental problem.


At Wageningen, State Oil has a project to make ethanol from sugar cane. »

At Goejaba there is a pilot project to make Biofuel from Jatropha Curcas. »

Hydropower Projects:•

Jaikreek-Tapanahony river hydropower project. Estimated 400 MW. »

Gran Holo mini-hydro project. Estimated 100 kW. »

Gran Kriki small-hydro project. Estimated 15 MW. »

Puketi Micro-Hydroelectric power plant 40 kW. »

Micro-Hydro Panato central (20 kW?) Unfortunately, this plant is not operational. »

Specific information of Renewable Energy is very dispersed in Suriname. We have many organizations

that are engaged and it sometimes happens that the Ministry of Natural Resources does not know that

certain electricity projects have been launched. That should change. Energy policy is the responsibility

of the Ministry of Natural Resources and some projects are executed by other Ministries in cooperation

with an NGO. Then you get the problem of the operation of this power station after the completion of

the project.

4.1.4 Missing Knowledge

Hydrological data measured over a longer period (several years) is missing. Due to the internal war •

a lot of stations have been lost.

AdeKUS is now measuring the solar intensity and the duration. Measurement in the forest is very •

different than in the city due to shadows of trees.

Biomass: what kind of energy crops•

For wind The east side of the Brokopondo Reservoir could be an interesting place to install small •

wind turbines. The reservoir can act like a big open space similar to an ocean, with higher wind

speeds.

Other missing knowledge has to do with ways to operate such power generation plants in a social,

economic and politically correct way. Problems exist for all our micro hydro power plants. Cases are

initiated and implemented, but in one way or another we are not able to maintain and operate the Hydro

Electric Power Plant in a sustainable way. This is a very big problem.

4.1.5 Steps to take

Implementation of the KEMA Report (2008): “SURINAME POWER SECTOR ASSESSMENT AND

ALTERNATIVES FOR ITS MODERNIZATION”. This report is known to many, but others are not aware.

The establishment of a National Energy Institute•

Setting Electricity Commission Rates•


Focus areas:

Incentives for renewable energy (subsidies and introduction of ‘feed-in tariffs’)•

National Energy fund (funding scientific research in the field of renewable energy sources)•

Adaptation legislation.•

4.2 Potential energy savings and Renewable energy Potential of Suriname: basic concepts, Stichting energie & Duurzame ontwikkeling Suriname, Mr. ing. Johan geeraert, MSc, MBa

The presentation covers two subjects: Rational use of Energy and Renewable Energy Potential of

Suriname.

4.2.1 Rational use of energy

Who uses energy? Why? How much do we consume?

Energy to maintain the life functions => 109 W / capita.•

Energy to improve the living conditions:•

Global primary energy use per capita »

=> 2353 W/capita = 2007 robots, or 22 energy robots / capita

Suriname, Primary energy consumption per capita »

=> 3160 W/capita = 1999 robots, or 29 energy robots/ capita.

Drivers of energy consumption

The primary energy TPED (Total Primary Energy Demand) is driven by the size of the population (N

capita), the activity of this population (for nations, the activity is usually expressed in monetary value

of the Gross National Product or GNP or Gross Domestic Product GDP) and the energy intensity of

this activity (EI):

TPED(J/jaar) = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$)

Each of the three terms (N, BNP and EI) changes over time, so that the primary energy consumption

will also change from year to year. However we can discover a trend in these changes.

In 1950, Suriname had almost 180,000 inhabitants and 50 years later it was 2.6 times as much and the

Surinamese population reached the milestone of 500,000 residents probably around the end of 2005.

At a continued growth rate of 1.4%/year, we will reach the milestone of 1 million residents within 45

years and at a growth rate of 1.2%/year within 54 years.


32

Figure 10: The population growth as driver for the energy consumption, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010

The Gross National Product PPP of Suriname grew on average by 7.5% or slightly more than a doubling inthe last 10 years, while last year (2009) this growth reduced to 3%.

Figure 11: The Gross National Product as drivers for the energy consumption, J. Geeraert, 1 February 2010

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1950 2000 2050

Population of Suriname, (counted and projected)Source: ABS, 2008, 2009

Geprojecteerde groeivoet 1,2% Geprojecteerde groeivoet 1,4%

Geteld Expon. (Geteld)

0

1

2

3

4

5

1980 1990 2000 2010

GDP P

PP(G

US$)

Gross domestic product purchasing power parity (PPP) of Suriname (Billion US $)source: http://www.indexmundi.com/suriname/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html


The Gross National Product PPP of Suriname grew on average by 7.5% or slightly more than a doubling

in the last 10 years, while last year (2009) this growth reduced to 3%.

32


The Gross National Product PPP of Suriname grew on average by 7.5% or slightly more than a doubling inthe last 10 years, while last year (2009) this growth reduced to 3%.


200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1950 2000 2050

Population of Suriname, (counted and projected)Source: ABS, 2008, 2009

Geprojecteerde groeivoet 1,2% Geprojecteerde groeivoet 1,4%

Geteld Expon. (Geteld)

0

1

2

3

4

5

1980 1990 2000 2010

GDP P

PP(G

US$)

Gross domestic product purchasing power parity (PPP) of Suriname (Billion US $)source: http://www.indexmundi.com/suriname/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html



The energy intensity of the GDP may as well increase as decrease, depending on the stage of

development of the population or the state of the society.

33

The energy intensity of the GDP may as well increase as decrease, depending on the stage ofdevelopment of the population or the state of the society.

Figure 12: The energy intensity as a driver of energy consumption, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010

No exponential growth rate is ultimately sustainable. A positive growth rate runs always out of hand (ifwe wait long enough).

Table 1: Growth of Total Primary Energy demand (TPED), as a function of increasing population, increasing prosperity andreducing the energy intensity (first approach by aggregating indicators from different periods).

Growth rate (%/year) Double /Half time

Increase of population 1,2% … 1,4%/year 50 year

Increase of prosperity ( GDP 2000 2009) 1 7,5%/year 9,3 year

Reduction of energy intensity2000 2007 1,6%/year 44,6 year

TPED (J/year) 7,3%/year 9,6 year

Definition: Rational Use of Energy REG:

Consciously refrain from energy use

Increase the Energy efficiency in the chain: Primary Energy => Final energy => Energy services

1 Based on the GDP2000 GDP2009 in nominal terms, disregarding the inflation. The calculated exponential growthrate is overestimated.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1980 1990 2000

Energy

Intensity

(MJ/US 0

5$(PPP

)

Energy intensity:Total Primary Energy Consumption per realised US$ GDP

Bron: EIA/DOE, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov

Brazil French Guiana Guyana Suriname

Figure 12: The energy intensity as a driver of energy consumption, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010

No exponential growth rate is ultimately sustainable. A positive growth rate runs always out of hand (if

we wait long enough).

Table 3: growth of Total Primary energy demand (TPeD), as a function of increasing population,

increasing prosperity and reducing the energy intensity (first approach by aggregating indicators

from different periods).

growth rate (%/year) Double /Half time

Increase of population 1,2% … 1,4%/year ≈ 50 year

Increase of prosperity (ΔGDP 2000-2009)1

7,5%/year 9,3 year

Reduction of energy intensity2000-2007 -1,6%/year 44,6 year

TPeD (J/year) 7,3%/year 9,6 year

Definition: Rational Use of Energy REG:

Consciously refrain from energy use•

Increase the Energy efficiency in the chain: Primary Energy => Final energy => Energy services•

1 Based on the GDP2000 - GDP2009 in nominal terms, disregarding the inflation. The calculated exponential growth rate is overestimated.


Primary energy is transformed into Final Energy, usually electricity, and this is further transformed into

energy services such as: air conditioning, radio, TV, etc. In this whole chain of transformation about 2/3

of the energy is theoretically lost. Only half of this amount can be recovered economically.

Paradoxes

Not always, both the consumer and society benefit from Energy Efficiency measures.

The Rebound Effect: is the phenomenon that occurs for example if a more energy efficient car is bought

and more mileages are driven per year, so that eventually savings in energy consumption is less than

expected at constant mileage.

Classifying Energy Efficiency (EE) measures

Each EE measure represents a saving in energy consumed, but also represents a specific investment

cost. How can the various measures being compared with each other? As a teaching model and

indicative, seven different EE measures are reviewed and classified according to various criteria: cost

of the EE measures as % of GDP (abscissa) and costs per kWh saved energy EE (US $ / kWh) (ordinate

scale).


34

Primary energy is transformed into Final Energy, usually electricity, and this is further transformed intoenergy services such as: air conditioning, radio, TV, etc. In this whole chain of transformation about 2/3of the energy is theoretically lost. Only half of this amount can be recovered economically.

Paradoxes

Not always, both the consumer and society benefit from Energy Efficiency measures.

The Rebound Effect: is the phenomenon that occurs for example if a more energy efficient car is boughtand more mileages are driven per year, so that eventually savings in energy consumption is less thanexpected at constant mileage.

Classifying Energy Efficiency (EE) measures

Each EE measure represents a saving in energy consumed, but also represents a specific investmentcost. How can the various measures being compared with each other? As a teaching model andindicative, seven different EE measures are reviewed and classified according to various criteria: cost ofthe EE measures as % of GDP (abscissa) and costs per kWh saved energy EE (US $ / kWh) (ordinatescale).

Figure 13: Estimation of the net EE gain per kWh saved energy as a function of the total cost saving for Suriname, J. Geeraert,February 1, 2010

The (as an example) incomplete identified economic EE potential of Suriname is already ~ 18% of theenergy consumption. There is additional research needed to complete the EE potential of Suriname andit should be checked if the energy prices in Suriname encourage Energy Efficient measures.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0 1 2 3 4 5

CostsavingsEE

perkW

hsaveden

ergy

(US$/kW

h)

Sum cost savings EE (% BNP 2008)

WKK LM6000 extrapolatie naarSuralco

Nieuwe energiezuinige auto's(100 000)

Distributietransfo's met lagenullastverliezen

Energiezuinige koelkasten A+++(150 000)

Spaarlampen ipv gloeilampen(500 000)

WKK Staatsolie

Figure 13: Estimation of the net EE gain per kWh saved energy as a function of the total cost saving for Suriname, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010

The (as an example) incomplete identified economic EE potential of Suriname is already ~ 18% of the

energy consumption. There is additional research needed to complete the EE potential of Suriname and

it should be checked if the energy prices in Suriname encourage Energy Efficient measures.

35

Figure 14: yield from seven EE measures. The net cost saving per kWh of energy saved by the EE action (US $/kWh) on theright scale. Relative yield (%) of the measure against the energy of Suriname in 1999 on the Left Hand Scale, J. Geeraert,February 1, 2010

4.2.2 Renewable EnergyIf the savings potential is less than the growth in energy demand, as is the case, additional powergeneration capacity will be needed, preferably renewable energy.

Why Renewable Energy?

Renewable Energy is a global response to: (1) safeguarding the national energy supply and industrialproduction and (2) low carbon energy.

In the specific situation of Suriname:

• Renewable energy production affects our energy balance in a positive way or the differencebetween the energy exports import becomes less negative and may even become positive.

• Renewable energy production affects our balance of payments. Energy products (mainly oil) areexpressed in US $. If we use less oil we will need less US $ currency to pay for that product, or if wecan export electricity (eg, French Guiana) we will receive US $ (or Euro).However it is likely that the initial investment in renewable energy will be financed partly byborrowed capital, and this borrowed capital and the interest thereon must be repaid in US $ to thefinancing institution abroad.

0.19 0.12

3.51 3.51

0.35

13.68

0.12

0.230.18

0.23

0.060.11

0.050.03

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0246810121416

Opbrengst van de REG maatregel(% van het energieverbruik in 1999 vanSuriname)Kostenbesparing voor klant en samenleving(US $/kWh)

Figure 14: yield from seven EE measures. The net cost saving per kWh of energy saved by the EE action (US $/kWh) on the right scale. Relative yield (%) of the measure against the energy of Suriname in 1999 on the Left Hand Scale, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010


4.2.2 Renewable energy

If the savings potential is less than the growth in energy demand, as is the case, additional power

generation capacity will be needed, preferably renewable energy.

Why Renewable Energy?

Renewable Energy is a global response to: (1) safeguarding the national energy supply and industrial

production and (2) low carbon energy.

In the specific situation of Suriname:

Renewable energy production affects our energy balance in a positive way or the difference be-•

tween the energy exports - import becomes less negative and may even become positive.

Renewable energy production affects our balance of payments. Energy products (mainly •

oil) are expressed in US $. If we use less oil we will need less US $ currency to pay for that

product, or if we can export electricity (eg, French Guiana) we will receive US $ (or Euro).

However it is likely that the initial investment in renewable energy will be financed partly by bor-

rowed capital, and this borrowed capital and the interest thereon must be repaid in US $ to the

financing institution abroad.

The Kyoto Protocol supports renewable energy projects through funding with the Clean Devel- »

opment Mechanism (see presentation Ms. Farzia Hausil, NIMOS).

Renewable Energy fully supports the “green strategy” that Suriname currently develops. »

Some basic concepts

Energy occurs in the form of:

stocks (expressed in Joules)•

Flows (expressed in watts).•

A stock can be used when you need it (example: oil) and a flow can only be used when it is present (if

the sun shines, if wind is available, if there is water, biomass is an exception that is temporarily stored

as stock). The inherent variability of renewable energy increases the investment cost and is one of the

weaknesses of that energy source.

The energy stocks are further divided into:

Energy sources•

Energy reserves that can economically be exploited at the prevailing market prices and with the •

technology that is available at this moment.


The challenges and threats:

Not so much the exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves•

The climate challenge obliges to low carbon energy supply•

Rough estimates of the Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname

A distinction must be made between theoretical potential (which is maximum physically possible),

technical potential (which is technically feasible on the available implantation sites and taking into

account the efficiency to transform into electricity or final energy) and economic potential (taking into

account the capital costs and market prices). Not all potential may already be estimated on the basis of

currently available partial information.

Tabel 4: Rough estimates of the national share of renewable energy potential of Suriname, J.

geeraert, 2009

Theoretical Technical economical

Mw gwh year Mw gwh

year Mw gwh year

Hydro power 7.987 2.419 120180

450...650

~9001577

3350...4350

Biomass: Waste of 150.000 m³/jaar lumber exploitation

16,5 144

Biomass: Rice husks

Solar - energy 34.129.167 100 100

Wind 12,5 25


4.3 Questions

Business opportunities in demand side management and additional production from renewable energy

1.Q. Mr. S. Tjong-AhinA question following the introduction presentation of Mr. Wijngaarde regarding statistics, a source of annoyance to a lot of people. We see in his statement that the information on energy is everywhere and that if you really want to make a good overview, five to ten sources should be consulted and often you will find no aggregate data on the energy sector. I would like to know your opinion about this. I would like to add that one of the officers of ABS asked a question to someone from State Oil Company. But the problem I have and I do not want to pick a quarrel with Mr. Sno, if the ABS would have access to figures, I would not get those figures from the ABS because the ABS has (rightly) a non-disclosure policy. In other words, if there are only two or three sources then you don’t get the number because then you could deduce that the data comes from State Oil.

1.A. Mr. C. Wijngaarde, AdeKUS Of course you could state that the Department of Natural Resources and Energy should have access to the data. We all know how it goes, lack of executives, etc. That is why in the study by KEMA is proposed to set up an energy institute where all data flows.

2.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsWhat is the situation of small hydropower plants in the interior? Is it true that some no longer work? Is there information about what exactly happened, both with the people involved from the beginning and those who have built it and the local population, because you need that if you want to formulate a policy

2.A. Mr. C. Wijngaarde. AdeKUSRegarding experiences on hydropower, this information is also spread. If I’m not mistaken, the builder of the first mini-hydroelectric power at Poketi, Mr. Del Prado, is here with us today, he obviously has a lot of information. At NH you will have to search for information. Another hydroelectric station is being built at Gran Holo Sula by the Ministry of Regional Development. Another one at Panato, was built by the University, Mets and the UNDP. You have to figure out who built all these things and where to look for information. Then there is a thesis of Mr. Van Els. His conclusion is that we haven’t managed it on social, socially and political level.

Mr. A. Del PradoIn the late 70, I had the opportunity to install a small hydroelectric station in the interior of Suriname. There are several reasons why there is no data available. One of the reasons is that, after operations of the mini-hydroelectric power at Poketie on August 28, 1981 (energy was being delivered) three weeks after, I received a letter saying I can’t go to Poketie anymore. I still have the original letter, signed on behalf of the Minister. The minister knew nothing about this letter. Where do these dark forces against hydropower come from? Although there were all kind of problems: poor accessibility, infrastructure difficulty, the project reached its goal within two years time to generate power of around 50 kW. I haven’t heard anything since I left Poketi in September 1981, except that holes have been plugged with concrete, things that needed to be finalized were never executed. Today we all realize that it worked for 4 years. Sometimes 4 or 5 weeks without anyone doing maintenance. So it was maintenance free and you did not have to operate it. There are still problems but from the other mini hydroelectric stations, I hear nothing and they are still not in operation.


3.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsI’ve missed some topics in bio-fuels such as coconut oil. Are people aware of the positive characteristics of coconut? Is there anything known here?

3.A. Mr. C. WijngaardeRegarding the bio-energy crops, there is still a lot of research done. Coconut beside, you also have elephant grass. That was one of my recommendations for a fund for Renewable Energy Research.

Mr. Ing. J. GeeraertIn renewable energy, each energy flow has its specific characteristics and parameter (s). For the sun you have the solar irradiance or only one parameter, with wind you have the wind speed or one parameter, with hydropower you have the relative height difference (the “fall”) and the amount of precipitation (water flow) or two parameters, but with biomass you have a whole range of different parameters and many possibilities and types of crops.That’s why there are two different approaches for Biomass: either you work pragmatically and choose a feed stock under certain criteria, or you choose an approach where you identify all potential biomass.With a pragmatic approach you look which biomass is exploited profitably and whether this is applicable in Suriname. We can have a look at our big neighbour Brazil and identify where they are successful. I would classify the bio-ethanol project from sugar cane of Staatsolie in this approach. Another alternative is to map all biomass options and rank what is most interesting for Suriname. The specific benefits of coconut may emerge. You can start with the use of the classification from the EPOBIO project. I have no specific data on coconut. Often the choice is made for an integrated approach involving all benefits for Suriname (e.g. including the risk of erosion, and possibly nutritional value of crop and eventually by-products), and not only the use of biomass for energy.

4.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsStorage: We haven’t seen any technical presentations, although there are technical people here and renewable energy plays an enormously important role in energy storage. There are a number of developments in storage, but I’m not technical, I think in policy and then I think “flow batteries”.

4.A. Mr. Ing. J. GeeraertRenewable energy flows are variable and some of them fluctuate, therefore there must always be storage or other guaranteed generation capacity available. This can be done by: (1) thermal power station, (2) buffering, e.g., via battery or other temporary storage, and (3) interconnection of networks. • TodayIwillnotanalyzethecostsofanadditionalthermalpowerstationtoguarantee

capacity, but these costs can weigh heavily on the overall cost of renewable energy. • Bufferingisasecondoption.Bufferingorstorageofenergyinbatteries,compressedair

in underground spaces, flywheels, two water pools at different heights, etc. In batteries an electrolyte is used to transform temporarily electrical power into chemical

energy. If the battery is discharged, the electrolyte will be charged again, which is time-and energy consuming.

In a “flow battery”, the electrolyte of the battery is being circulated allowing components to be stored in separate tanks. The storage capacity compared to a static battery can thus be greatly increased. In some cases of car batteries, the empty battery itself is being replaced by a charged battery so that you, as in the refueling of a car, can leave immediately.


4.A. Buffering of large quantities of energy can be done by compressed air or water storage in a basin or pool situated at a higher level than the discharge. In the last option water is pumped from a lower tank with excess energy (e.g. at night) and discharged through the water turbine during periods of high energy demand (e.g. at peak times), the water goes back to bottom just like in a normal hydro station. These are the most effective solutions for high capacities. Specific to Suriname, I think we have a big advantage with the buffering of the Afobaka reservoir which covers the different seasons (dry / rainy season). Even French Guiana is interested in our system. During the dry time their reservoir doesn’t have enough water and they have to use diesel generators. Via the interconnection with Suriname they should be able to get green power.

• Ingeneral, interconnectionor linkingnetworksofsuppliers isanalternative tocopewith the variability and the fluctuations of renewable energy. The best known initiative is from GENI, to build a global electric interconnection.

Storage or buffering is a difficult problem, technically and economically. Research is going on. The person who finds the most economic reliable solution will become a millionaire, if his system survives the initial infancy (childhood) problems.

I haven’t got any specific information about flow batteries but: “The Foundation for Energy and Sustainable Development” will , focus on storage technology, including “flow batteries” in a later issue of its magazine.


5 Panel Discussion 1: Rational use of energy or

demand management for energy

5.1 Reg applications, Mr. Samuel Mehairjan (eBS/Director Transmission & generation)

5.1.1 energy saving lamps

The traditional bulbs use a filament that heats up so much that it emits light. However the heat is

wasted. Fluorescent lamps are a lot more economical and efficient than filament lamps. Nowadays

the traditional ballast of a fluorescent lamp is replaced by an electronic ballast, in order to increase

efficiency. In some of the EBS offices all the traditional ballasts were replaced by electronic ballasts.

Energy consumption can thus decrease from 100% to 70%.

The color of fluorescent lamps is different from that of traditional lamps and not everyone tolerates the

flicker and color of fluorescent lamps.

New reflectors or mirrors also provide a better and more dispersed light in the space. The LED lamps

are the most efficient lights and they are still in evolution.

41

5 Panel Discussion 1: Rational use of energy or demandmanagementfor energy

5.1 REG applications, Mr. Samuel Mehairjan (EBS/Director Transmission &Generation)

5.1.1 Energy saving lampsThe traditional bulbs use a filament that heats up so much that it emits light. However the heat iswasted. Fluorescent lamps are a lot more economical and efficient than filament lamps. Nowadays thetraditional ballast of a fluorescent lamp is replaced by an electronic ballast, in order to increaseefficiency. In some of the EBS offices all the traditional ballasts were replaced by electronic ballasts.Energy consumption can thus decrease from 100% to 70%.The color of fluorescent lamps is different from that of traditional lamps and not everyone tolerates theflicker and color of fluorescent lamps.New reflectors or mirrors also provide a better and more dispersed light in the space. The LED lamps arethe most efficient lights and they are still in evolution.

Figure 15: Evolution of savings through economical energy lamps, S. Mehairjan (EBS), 1 February 2010, “Electricity: demand,supply and future perspectives”, Slide 22

5.1.2 Electronically controlled enginesPreviously, the speed of an electric motor was controlled by an electrical resistance, which transformedthe excess energy into heat. Now a day we use frequency converters which act on the sine wave andthus control the engine more efficiently.

5.2 Energy efficient cars, Fernandes car center, Mr. Glenn StekkelHow big is the problem that we are discussing here today?Fuel is cheaper here in Suriname compared to Western countries. We can compare the price per liter inEurope to what we pay per liter in Suriname. Import of used cars is growing and almost every householdhas now two or more vehicles.

Figure 15: Evolution of savings through economical energy lamps, S. Mehairjan (EBS), 1 February 2010, “Electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives”, Slide 22

5.1.2 electronically controlled engines

Previously, the speed of an electric motor was controlled by an electrical resistance, which transformed

the excess energy into heat. Now a day we use frequency converters which act on the sine wave and

thus control the engine more efficiently.


5.2 energy-efficient cars, Fernandes automotive, Mr. glenn Stekkel

How big is the problem that we are discussing here today?

Fuel is cheaper here in Suriname compared to Western countries. We can compare the price per liter

in Europe to what we pay per liter in Suriname. Import of used cars is growing and almost every

household has now two or more vehicles.

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This chart shows the car sales over the past three years in Suriname. In the first 4 or 5 months of

2009 almost 6,200 cars were sold. A message appeared in the news this morning that, XP license

plates for vehicles were no longer available. This means there are 10,000 more vehicles on the road.

We have estimated that in 2009 in all categories a total of approximately 13,000 vehicles were added.

Approximately 15,000 vehicles were sold in 2008. Over the past 3 to 4 years there were more than

54,000 vehicles on the roads.

The solution to this problem on the mobility needs of people depends on certain aspects: culture &

change in attitudes (Do we want that change?), Government intervention (Does the government wants

to be involved?), Legislation (which laws should be used?), technology.

Culture & change in attitudes: people should be encouraged to use their bike again (general hilarity •

in the room). Of course, you’ll say: “I do not take the risk to ride a bicycle in traffic”. The govern-

ment will have to make decent bike paths and to make it sure that cyclists are well protected within

the law. Professional public transportation could be a solution. Is the bus on time? If the bus leaves

at 6:00, are you assured that you will arrive at work at 7:30? We have to teach people how to drive

fuel engines economically. Choose the right car for the purpose you need it. It does not make sense

to buy a car with a 3.5 liter engine when you know you only drive 20 km / day.


Government intervention: increase duty on environmentally unfriendly vehicles, that requires se-•

vere inspection of environmental issues. Emission standards are still not applicable in Suriname.

Subsidy of public transport, reducing import duties on ecocars, higher taxation on the second

vehicle in the family.

Legislation: Excise duties on fuel, import duties on used cars, subsidies for purchase of fuel-•

efficient cars, law on testing and inspection of vehicles (less or no import duties should be paid for

fuel-efficient cars), and income tax should be higher for the second vehicle.

Technology: car manufacturers have been working a long time on fuel-efficient vehicles. Already •

in 1900 they were busy with these energy issues. The alternatives are: full electric cars, hydrogen

cars, hybrid cars and cars on LPG.

The technology ready exists to manufacture full electric cars. However, the purchase price »

plays is high and mainly the infrastructure lacks to recharge the batteries . These cars have a

limited range. You start it from home and can travel a certain distance and then you need to

recharge. This is one of the characteristics of a full electric car with only an electric motor and

a battery. The advantages of such a car are: zero emissions, it’s economic in use and noiseless.

Disadvantages: Top speed is low (60 and 80 km/h), limited range (65 km), lack of infrastructure

to recharge and you don’t hear it coming.

A car on hydrogen: Hydrogen is a gas which needs to be produced. Through electrolysis, water »

can be decomposed into its components hydrogen and oxygen. Electricity is needed to do this.

That electricity can be generated in a sustainable way, e.g. with hydro, wind turbines or solar

panels. Some advantages of the hydrogen atom: no air pollution, no carbon dioxide (CO2).

The only emission of a hydrogen car is steam. Hydrogen is inexhaustible and can always be

made again. This car is low noise. Some disadvantages: insufficient fuel storage capacity for

small cars, no infrastructure for refueling and there is electricity needed to generate the fuel.

There are already running tests with hydrogen cars, mainly buses and coaches. The range of a

hydrogen tank is 386 km (240 miles) before refueling.

Hybrid cars: »

On the dashboard there is both a charging indicator and a fuel meter. Drive with two inverters,

a battery, an electric motor and an engine fuel. At high speed the vehicle drives on motor

fuel and at low speed on the electric engine, e.g., traffic jam, when reversing and parking.

Advantages: lower emissions in city traffic, relatively low consumption (1 liter per 20 km to 23

km, depending on model). Abroad these vehicles are being subsidized. Disadvantages: a lot of

complexity in manufacturing, the demolition is environmentally unfriendly. The large batteries

must be disposed and demolished in a responsible way. The batteries are heavy and take a lot

of space in the trunk. With such a car you could save 6 full tanks of fuel per year. Obstacles:

investment in charging points (there is no network). Can EBS handle the demand if this will be

applied on a large scale? High investment costs. Limited number of garages that can support

this technology. High acquisition cost of these new vehicles. Environmentally friendly disposal

of batteries is not possible in Suriname.


Cars on LPG »

LPG stands for “Liquefied Petrol Gas”, a clean gas and a cheap fuel. In 2005 LPG became

known in Europe as a result of rising fuel prices. The installation cost to convert a vehicle

to LPG fuel vary from 1200 to 3000 Euros. If you drive more than 10,000 km a year, an LPG

vehicle is cheaper than gasoline and diesel. An LPG car has as a fuel tank as well as a gas

cylinder and there are questions about the safety (explosion). In cars, we can say that it is safe.

The LPG tanks are strong .The purchase cost of a spare tank is high.

Conclusion: If natural gas would be found, LPG vehicles would be easily and immediately implementable.

Conditions need to be set before the introduction of hybrid vehicles.

5.3 Climate and construction measures, applications, new Tech, Mr. werner van geel

Air conditioning and construction measures are two parts. Both offer different challenges and

“opportunities”. First we will talk about the air-conditioning equipment, and then we’ll go through the

different ways how to build energy efficiently.

5.3.1 The residential air conditioning equipment

What to look for when you go to the store to buy a small split unit? The most important parameter is

“SEER” or Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. This is a big word to indicate how economical or efficient

the air conditioning is. It gives the ratio between the cooling over one season, in Suriname this is a full

year (BTU), and it compares it with the electric energy (Wh) you put into it. The SEER parameter varies

between 8 to 21. A unit with a SEER 20 is twice as efficient as a SEER 10 or in other words a SEER 10

consumes twice as much as a SEER20. The SEER is an important parameter if you invest in a split air

conditioning unit for your home.

Here a small clarification about refrigerant in order to avoid a common misunderstanding. The high

SEER is not achieved because of the new environmentally friendly R410. This new refrigerant is not

the cause of higher efficiency and R22 appliances are as efficient as the devices with R410. Most

new appliances are built differently than the older ones. They have a larger condenser, making them

easier to release all the heat at lower pressures. The compressors are more efficient. It uses variable

speed compressors and variable speed fans. Measures that reduce energy use throughout the cooling

season: a simple split system can be turned on and off and always runs on a kind of full load and

therefore less efficiently than the modulating modern systems.


5.3.2 The commercial installations

In commercial installation, the range of opportunities for energy savings is much larger. The systems

are more complicated.

1. VRF - systems with multiple units on 1 condensing unit (Marriot - McDonalds).Commercial

installations nowadays are switched to “VRF” systems or “Variable Refrigerant Flow”. This is

actually a kind of multi-split system, with one outdoor unit or one condensing unit linked to several

indoor units. Variable Refrigerant Flow, the coolant (refrigerant) flows to the unit that needs it, no

more or less is common. These systems are equipped with highly energy-efficient compressors

and modulated fans.

2. Chiller systems:

a. Attention to right design of the cold water circuit. Also in chiller systems, for example here at

Hotel Torarica, there are a number of opportunities for savings. Good design of the chiller pipes

is the basis for achieving a high return. Worldwide, there are enough examples of improperly

designed systems that do not reach their full performance because they are constantly

switching on and off (“cycling”). Often the reaction is to install an extra chiller, but this usually

makes the situation even worse. A good design of your installation is important.

b. VFD pumps instead of “continuous flow” A second trend in chiller installations is working

with “variable flow” of chilled water. Previously there was a constant flow of chilled water and

if cooling was not required, the water in the bypass was fed back to the chiller. That means

that your pump should work on full capacity year after year. The new trend is to reduce the

flow according to demand. The pump will run slower when there is less demand. This has a

big influence which is understandable from the fact that the power of a pump is proportional

to the cube of speed. If the flow is reduced by half, you have an eight-fold reduction in power

demand.

3. Design (not too much over dimensioning) A very important factor is the sizing or capacity you install.

Installations are often over-dimensioned. Why? The engineer designs a system and computes a

certain cooling capacity. He doesn’t want the customer complaining and therefore adds 10%. Then

a written specification is made and in that contract the 10% is stated. Then the installer has to

choose a chiller. He does not want a chiller that’s 5% less powerful (even the customer doesn’t

accepts this) and he also adds 5%. Eventually you come to an installation that is X% too big which

makes the system very inefficient.

4. Air side.

Along the air side, we also work preferably with a variable flow than with a constant flow. Just the

same principle as the pumps. Do not provide constant air flow to rooms when not needed. Again

the third power rule for power demand.

5. Under floor system.

Then there are a number of new systems. It is quite common or known to have the inflow of cold air

at the top of the room. New systems include the “Under floor systems” supplying the cold air inflow


through a raised floor at the bottom. The biggest advantage here is that the cold air does not mix

with warm air. Here in this example, you got cold air blowing, but it blows into the warmest air at

the top and then you get a mixture of cold air and warm air. The result is that the cold air has to be

colder to regenerate the desired cooling effect. If you have an “under floor system” the temperature

of the cooled air inflow can be a bit higher, which in turn can lead to energy savings.

6. “Dedicated outside air systems” or DOAS.

It is common practice to mix a quantity of vicious (used) air with fresh outside air in the return of

the air conditioning system. It is better to have a separate air conditioning system to provide for

the supply of fresh air, you can achieve better air quality with less energy.

5.3.3 architectural measures

In a tropical climate it is not easy to design and install a good air conditioning system, not so much because

of the temperature but mainly because of the humidity. To master the humidity is not a simple problem.

General architectural tips:

1. Minimizing the amount of windows

Construct in the tropics with minimal amount of windows. Architects love glass, but this is really

out of the question.

2. Windows placed near the ceiling with “overhang” for daylight, with occasionally a narrow vertical

glass batch.

3. Do not put windows on the west side. For example: without such windows you would install a 10

Ton air-conditioner, but with those windows you will need additional cooling capacity to cool the

additional solar gain (radiation) that is coming in through the windows.

4. Add solar shadow screens (Persian blinds) on the outside of the house. Inside the house it is

already too late, you can only reflect part of the solar radiation that came in.

5. Insulate your building. Choose the correct side for the installation of the vapor barrier. The insulation

has a damp-proof screen that should be on the warm (wet) side. If you place the vapor barrier in

the wrong way, the insulating effect will quickly degrade.

6. No hot unventilated shafts / partitions.

7. Preferably no plenum retours for the air. Plenum retour is used for example to recirculate the air

from the ceiling, it works like an aspirator. You don’t duct the air flow (without channels).

8. Maintain a slight overpressure in the building. This avoids e infiltration of unconditioned humid air

in the building. Moisture requires a lot of energy to condense it.

Depending on the building physics, the cooling loads could range from 70 W/m2 to 250 W/m2. Example:

National Archives 70 W/m2, shading outside, good insulation, with DOAS enthalpy wheel. Result: 2 x

40 ton2 installed, running on average at about 1/6th of its capacity (approximately 13 tons).

2 The “ton” is a U.S. unit of cooling capacity. It reflects the heat of fusion of 1 ton of ice (at 0 ° C) spread over 24h time. The heat of fusion of ice is 334 kJ / kg. The cooling power released by melting a ton of ice = 1000kg / (24h * 3600s / h) * 334 kJ / kg = 3866 W. A calculator on the Internet mentions 3517 W cooling capacity as the equivalent of melting 1 ton ice. That’s only 91% of the theoretical value.


5.4 Vragen

Demand Side Management, Rational use of energy and energy efficiency

1.Q. Ms. R. Ramautar, StaatsolieWhy didn’t you mention Flex Fuel cars in your list? (A flexible-fuel vehicle is a vehicle with a combustion engine that is designed to work with more than one fuel, usually a mixture of gasoline and ethanol or methanol)

1.A. Mr. G. Stekkel, FernandesWe left the information on flex-fuel cars out of the list, but that doesn’t mean that it is not an opportunity to be looked further at.

2.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsI think the government has an important role in all this. I used to send my child on his or her bike on the streets and without worrying about their safety but nowadays that is not anymore possible.

2.A. Mr. G. Stekkel, FernandesAs bicyclist, you are quite right, it’s a government matter. If we want to encourage cycling, facilities should be constructed to ensure people can safely go to their destination. Only for a few roads in Paramaribo, it is still possible to to adapt them for cyclism: Hogerhuysstraat, Indira Gandhiweg, Highway Wanicastraat. The government will take the necessary measures to ensure it becomes safe for cycling.

3.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsWhat is the advice from the business community to the government? How can we adapt the building regulations?

3.A. Mr. W. Van Geel, NewTechNewTech is an installer and we are trying to exchange views and ideas with the architects to contribute to establish energy efficient buildings that are easy to cool. I did not directly answer the question of where the link for advice to government should come from. There is a lot of knowledge from the installers and architects, some architects use these tips more than others.

4.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsThe lighting is interesting. Is it not the case that Suriname needs more lighting in the evenings? I heard about a fiber optic lighting. Is this an option for Suriname?

4.A. W. Van Geel, NewTechHigh windows are meant not to get too much sunlight, but just to have light enough so that can be saved on artificial lighting. These high windows must be combined with vertical glass windows. People do not like to have just windows without a visual contact with the outside ground. It is not always possible to let daylight falling in, especially in specific areas there would be a possibility that glass fibers could play a role, but they are likely an expensive technology.

5.Q. Mrs. J. Simons,A question about the building regulations: In our country there is a question concerning adapters. Do you not lose a lot of heat and energy in those adapters?


5.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSI fully agree with you, the adapter is an absurdity. Most fires are caused by bad contacts. If you have an iron of 1,000 watts with a U.S. plug adapter you better install a separate American socket (outlet). Another option is to change the plug, but then warranty expires. An adapter provides a voltage drop so you can get flickering and the unit can be damaged. A lot of houses have taken the step to switch to U.S. sockets. I have 30 adapters at home because I do not know which of them is good or not. We do not have legislation that forces the installation of the European or American outlets. But we have to import electrical equipment from America, Europe and China.

6.Q. Mr. …, from FernandesI recently heard from someone who is building a house that EBS has rejected because the electrical installation was build with U.S. plug-sockets. Why?

6.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSEBS has no specific regulation to reject or prohibit U.S. plug-sockets in the electrical installation of a house. The plug-sockets (and plugs) must however comply to a specified test standard. If they meet that standard, the electrical installation should be approved.

7.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsDoes EBS has figures on peak power and energy consumption of water pumps used to generate pressure on the house hold water supply (hydrophores)?

7.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSIf the water company (SWM) could assure a constant water pressure, with new electronically controlled pumps, we would not need water pumps at each house hold (hydrophores). It takes about an additional peak power of 15 to 20 MW if all pumps in the city would simultaneously work in the city and a peak power of 2 to 3 MW in the districts. Actual investment in so many pumps and water tanks is destruction of capital, but the trade has earned a lot of money.


6 Panel discussion 2: Renewable energy or additional

energy supply?

6.1 Hydropower: opportunities for Suriname, Mr. eddy Frankel (Staatsolie Suriname Company)

As an example of a Business Opportunity, we will see very briefly the Tapa-Jai hydropower project that

Staatsolie develops. We made an assessment to evaluate the opportunities of hydropower in a broader

context. We looked at the longer-term opportunities for the development of hydropower: Kabalebo

hydropower project (West Suriname), Gran kriki (a tributary of the Marowijne River) and the Tapa-Jai

project. The Tapa-Jai project is simply a diversion of the water from the Tapanahony River towards the

Jai creek and further to the Marowijne creek to finally flow in the Van Blommenstein reservoir. That

requires: (1) one dam in the Tapanahony River, (2) a channel to connect the Tapanahony River and the

Jai creek, (3) a channel to connect the Jai and the Marowijne creek, and finally (4) the water flows into

the van Blommenstein Reservoir.

The schedule: we are devoted to some studies and project developments in the next two years, and

around 2014 the first drop of water will flow from the Tapanahony to the Van Blommenstein reservoir.

Dams will be constructed, so the area will be developed and a road is projected to Stoelmans Island.

The project will be implemented in phases. In Phase 1, only the amount of water from the Tapanahony

to the reservoir will be increased while no additional generation capacity will be installed. The installed

power at the Afobaka hydroelectric power plant is 189 MW while an average of only 105 to 110 MW

is currently used. Basically 60 MW of hydroelectric power generation is not used, as the current water

flow is insufficient to use this capacity. Apart from this 60 MW, additional generating capacity could

be build at dams in the diversion flow of the water. In that case an additional transmission line would

be needed.

6.2 Bio-energy: opportunities for Suriname, Mrs. Rosita Ramautar (Staatsolie Suriname Company)

Staatsolie is an oil company but we are in a transition to an energy company. We are aware that oil will

stay the most important energy source in world in the coming decades, but we see also opportunities

to do business in bioenergy. Therefore we chose to be active in the bioenergy sector. Suriname is a

country that has enormous potential for the generation of bio-energy: we have land, sun, water, and in

Suriname a lot of crops are growing. Staatsolie will not be involved in fundamental research into what

crop is best suited. We have chosen for (1) proven technology, it must be shown that this technology

works and is economically viable and (2) it must be 100% mechanical, both planting and harvesting

must be mechanical. Therefore we decided to start producing ethanol from sugar cane.


As the minister quoted this morning, Staatsolie purchased land at Wageningen (12,600 acres), in order

to plant sugar cane for ethanol bio-fuel production. Why have we chosen sugar cane? Sugar cane is

a proven technology. Our Southern neighbors, the Brazilians have demonstrated that this works fine,

over a period of 40 years. Sugar cane is a product that has a very good energy balance. For every unit

of energy you put into it for production you have a profit of 8 units. It is very important that we can plant

and harvest sugar cane in a mechanical way. That is why we opted for sugar cane.

By covering our own energy needs we can improve our energy security that’s why we need to produce

bio-fuels. You should never depend 100% on foreign fuels. We are going to use a part of the fuels

locally (20%), but Suriname is small market and, from the fuel we produce in Wageningen, 80% will

be exported. The market demand for sugar cane ethanol is growing, partly because of energy security

reasons and partly due to CO2 reduction targets of several countries. There is an increasing demand

for ethanol and Staatsolie sees market potential.

We are going to plant 10,000 hectares of sugar cane, and on the other 2,000 acres we will build the

factory and roads, etc. In these 10,000 acres, we want a yield of approximately 1 million tons of cane

per harvest and per year. The cane goes to the factory, it is pressed, and juice is going to the plant

where the alcohol is distilled. We have the intention to make 90 million liters of ethanol each year. There

is still residual material, bagas that can be used to generate energy. A power capacity of 10 MW or 80

GWh/year of energy could be supplied to EBS. This is in addition of the energy we use for our own

factory. The whole power plant, will be fed with bagas. Residual waste, the vinasse (thick liquid) which

still contains many nutrients to plants, namely potassium, will be used to fertilize the land.

Macro-economic impact:

The return will be about U.S. $ 173 million over 10 years. In the beginning we have to invest a lot of

money. Only for the pilot project, we need US $ 150 million, and in total US $ 600 million. We will have

150 persons in permanent employment and of course the project will have a huge industrial spin-off effect.

Next steps and timeline:

We have negotiated and purchased Wageningen. We will start a pilot project in Wageningen this year.

The sugar cane culture is already known in Suriname: Marienburg, Waterloo. Brazil has tested varieties

with better yields during 40 years. They have varieties with a yield of approximately 9000 liters per

hectare per year. What we want to do is to start a pilot with the best varieties they plant, and check it the

yield in Suriname is as high as in Brazil. If so, then we plan large-scale production. The pilot will last for

up to 2 years. Meanwhile, we begin with the environmental studies (environmental and social impact

assessment). We are going to study at the same time drying the bio-ethanol that we will commercialise.

We are also looking for partners, especially for the agricultural area. Staatsolie is an oil company, we

know nothing of agriculture. We look for people who have know-how of mechanized planting and

harvesting sugar cane. The process part will stay under our own control and we expect that an ethanol

plant will be operational in Wageningen by the end of 2013.


6.3 Funding Renewable energy projects and Rational use of energy or energy efficiency, Mr. Drs. Silvano Tjong-ahin, consultant

I think that financing is one of the biggest challenges for us in Suriname. The financing of Renewable

Energy initiatives is an important issue that could fit even in a comprehensive introduction of a follow-

up seminar. The fundings for alternative energy sources in the world, are actually increasing in the

light of awareness and ‘commitment’ of rich industrial countries. Also because of the fact that one is

looking for ways to offset the pollution caused by emissions in industrial countries. Many international

organizations and also individual countries have today sufficient resources, although we may not have

received so much (look at Copenhagen). It is certain that sooner or later the world will have to look for

alternative energy sources and also to fund financing for these sources.

Despite the increased supply of funding, we are already observing, the accessibility to those funds

for Suriname is currently difficult and limited because our country does not adequately responds to

what notably Washington has to offer. This is mainly due to the relentless focus on the Dutch bilateral

donation resources. It should be clear that the policy of our development finance actually should, now

more than ever, come out of the isolation. We should focus, like all other countries that do not have

the privilege of bilateral donation funding, on the more common sources of funding and institutes.

When we look at our national planning, we see that for this particular section, the funding mechanism

is little or not at all planned. Often very little attention is given to a financing plan. We do have very nice

technical plans, but what is missing is a good financial plan. That is why our plans disappear often in a

drawer, because we are not able to conclude the financing.

Our development funding for alternative energy will, initially, be based on own savings. This is important

because if we want to talk seriously about renewable energy sources, a prime signal of commitment

must be shown. We need to prove the world that we are committed and that it is not a temporary fashion.

The government obviously plays a crucial role. First of all, I think the government should create a clear

financial framework to support its renewable energy plan. This framework will be based on a policy

regarding the priorities established in relation to supply. A clear statement will be required about the

extent of the energy mix: sun, wind, hydro, bio-fuel (nuclear) or a combination of these. The framework,

or the strategic financial plan, will have to break-down into three main pillars of funding: (1) the public

funding will have to come from savings, (2) international development financing consisting of bilateral

cooperation agreements with international financial organizations (3) the ‘private venture’ capital.

Regarding the “government financing”, it must offer a balanced program, which may include the •

various tax incentives we all know. If we look at other countries this source of funding is common,

mainly for alternative energy sources for households. Especially in the USA you have some funds

available for households, rather than business, but even more for ordinary family households to

fund or subsidise alternative energy sources. On the other hand, you also make room for tax incen-

tives for companies that decide to fit renewable energy sources into their business management.


“Venture capital”:•

Private capital is more complicated and Suriname has relatively little experience with the private

financing market. We know that Staatsolie tried to mobilize international capital (money), not so

long ago, and if I remember well it was partially successful. But it is so complex and we often think

that it’s easy. We are often told that everything is possible and that we could mobilize US $ 300

million on the international capital market. If we look at countries like Jamaica and Trinidad and we

look at how they operate on international capital markets, we know that it requires an enormous

capacity of your country to operate. Until now we do not have that capacity, I would recommend to

hold off until we master the know-how.

Does that mean that we should focus our attention mainly on funding from International Organi-•

zations? Here too we need a certain capacity to manage this process and the current capacity of

Suriname to deal with international financial institutions is not what it should be. We have focused

all those years on the bilateral donation fund from the Netherlands and there is nothing wrong

with that. This bilateral donation fund is now finished. This means that we need to work more with

organizations like the IDB and the World Bank and with all international organizations that have re-

sources available to fund our business. Briefly it is focussing where we can make claims regarding

international funding institutions.

In 2008, some nations and organizations collected US $ 6.1 billion in a Climate Investment »

Fund, which is further divided into two separate funds: (1) Clean Technology Fund and (2)

Strategic Climate Fund. These funds supplie donations for funding. Within the Strategic Cli-

mate Fund, we have a program called “Scaling of Renewable Energy program in low income

countries” abbreviated SREP. This program was approved in May 2009, so relatively recently.

The aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of economic, social and environmentally friendly low-

carbon development in low income countries. It helps poor countries to understand and in-

crease economic opportunities for using renewables. It is accessible for governments but also

for the private sector. Unfortunately we see that Suriname is not on the list of countries eligible

for funding from SREP. I do not think it’s because we do not meet the conditions for it, as they

are quite simple, but because we fall short in lobbying. If we look around us: Guyana, Bolivia,

Nicaragua, Haiti, all of them are on the list and are eligible for this fund.

At the IDB there is a program called “Sustainable Energy Climate Change Initiative” or SECCI. »

This initiative has created a fund and the purpose of the fund is to finance activities primarily

intended to increase investments in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Today we heard

speeches on a number of initiatives, and a few things about savings, etc. I think that, with

regard to these initiatives, the SECCI fund supplies some opportunities. The SECCI fund offers

technical assistance for project preparation, feasibility studies, demonstration projects, but

also outright investment programs and training partnerships. The SECCI fund is in principle

open to both public and private sector and to semi-governmental companies. However, there

are a number of conditions that should be fulfilled to comply: the project needs to be simple

and profitable, we cannot submit fantasy projects, they should have a degree of innovation

and added value, and they must not conflict with governmental policy. The resources made


available by SECCI are free resources (or Grants). For technical assistance we can proceed to

US $ 1 million, while investment grants (for projects) can go up-to an amount of US $ 1.5 mil-

lion. These two tools t are actually quite accessible to a lot of countries, especially for all IDB

member countries and there are many. The other fund that I mentioned is housed at the World

Bank and is open to all members of the World Bank. But you know we have a difference with

the World Bank and therefore no result will come out.

The United Nations make also instruments available: the GEF funds. I think something has been »

said on the UN funding this morning.

The European Union has undoubtedly also instruments available. »

Let me conclude by saying that I think (technical) plans without a serious financial plan doesn’t make

sense. You should not allow the donor to drive the mobilization of financing. I think we still need to play

a more proactive role in mobilizing resources also in terms of development of our Renewable Energy

potential.


6.4 Questions

Renewable energy and additional energy Supply

1.Q. Ms. Theresa, ATMHas an environmental impact assessment and social analysis been carried out on the Tapa-Jai project (rise of the Suriname River water level, size of the area submerged, methane emissions, biological impacts, social impacts, etc)?

1.A. Mr. E. Frankel, StaatsolieThe next 2 years we will spend on studies. In my presentation I was not specific about what research will be executed exactly, but the social and environmental impact studies actually define the project.

2.Q. Mr. M. Tirtotaroeno, Environmental and Safety consultantStaatsolie bought about 12,600 hectares of ground at Wageningen to cultivate Sugar cane. Is this not going to interfere with the traditional rice cultivation? The whole infrastructure there is designed for wet cultivation. Did Staatsolie also look at the former sugar company Mariënburg with an area of 8,000 hectares? There the infrastructure is especially designed for sugarcane and there is an entire city of people who live there who understand sugarcane and also some technical people who are unemployed. Furthermore, I think of the failed agricultural development in Commewijne for dry crops and for rice

2.A. Ms. R. Ramautar (Staatsolie)The SML site at Wageningen was originally prepared for rice cultivation, and it was not used for many years. We have not seen that this situation in one way or another had any impact on the rice sector in Suriname. Staatsolie and Suriname plans to start in the bio-fuel business. There have been discussions between President Lula and President Venetiaan (Brazil). To produce biofuels in an economic way, you need large contiguous areas of land and this is scarce in the world and also in Suriname. This land was a great opportunity for Staatsolie. Wageningen was there and the creditors insisted, there was no longer rice cultivation, and Staatsolie has purchased the land. In Marienburg sugar was made, but Staatsolie wanted to make biofuels. We also learned that the land has been salinized (which is not good for sugar cane ethanol) and the area is too small: only 8,000 hectares. Maybe we will look back later. Before Wageningen came into the picture, we also looked at other options such as: Tibiti, Koebiti, Commewijne, SCL and other areas.

3.Q. Mr. M. Tirtotaroeno, Environment and Safety consultantWith such large projects in the pipeline, a lot of devices will be purchased. Is the government also looking at the impacts of these devices throughout a life cycle analyses?

3.A. A life cycle analysis is a very interesting tool, but requires time, resources and knowledge.

4.Q. Mr. Man A HingWhat will be the impact on rice cultivation and fertilization?

4.A Ms. R. Ramautar, StaatsolieExperiments were conducted at the time of SCL. Staatsolie has also investigated the possibility to use that land for biofuels, but all this land has already been issued. Everything is already issued! (Complete hilarity).


5.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsIs the possible substantial reduction of rainfall in the Tapa-Jai project taken into account?

5.A. Mr. E. Frankel, StaatsolieThe next 2 years we will spend on studies. In my presentation I was not specific about which study exactly, but analysis of long-term evolution of the rainfall will be included.

6.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsThe issue of Staatsolie and the entire drama to come to buy land of SML at Wageningen, we will omit. Staatsolie itself is state owned, which makes it good for me that the land ended up there. So far, Staatsolie executed always successful projects. Have you ever thought that salinity in Wageningen/Nickerie could be a possible treat in the near future?The last argument, Commewijne, I find a clear argument: “there is no land any more in Commewijne” all land is issued and everything is gone.

6.A. Ms. R. Ramautar, StaatsolieYou can do something about salinity, but you should fix it in time and you can halt it. I don’t know the details but there are not enough technical people in Suriname who can solve this.

7.Q. Mrs. J. SimonsThe issue of storage has come back. I asked, “does someone know flow batteries?” There has been a discussion on ordinary batteries but there are experiments with different types of storage. They call it the batteries but the description may not be 100% a battery but a very important development.The issue of the Energy Institute has been discussed here. Is the energy council not an important condition, so we will have not only a financial plan but first of all a common energy plan? Is there not a clear link between these two?

7.A. Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin,An energy institute is one way to do certain things.Donors are mainly looking at the existence of a “clear policy”. When we talk about numbers that are not available, you can ask the question: how good is your policy if you really do not have the numbers? The Energy Institute would probably be able to provide figures and thus help with a good policy, at least one well designed policy.Of course one of the things, which clearly must be involved in funding by international institutions, is to prove that there is sufficient commitment and that’s not a fad of a country. So we as a country must prove that there is sufficient commitment. It is a coincidence that I participate in the editorial committee of “green development” and again, these discussions addressed, you must draft a document that is not just a piece of paper but a document that demonstrates that there is a clear commitment to it. Of course, I think this should be a clear direction. You cannot just have a policy and say “I’m committed” while all the other things that you undertake show that you’re not really committed to that policy. These are issues that all international institutions impose, and if they should be placed within an energy institute, fine, but I would prefer the Institute is at a Ministry.


7 Plenary discussion / Conclusions & Recommendations

Plenary discussion / Conclusions & Recommendations

1.Q. Mr. S. Mungra.On the one hand it is very interesting when I hear the big investment amounts, but I fear that we are moving into a financial tsunami, because the demand is there, of course. Yesterday we read in the newspaper that the largest project that can be funded locally by the three big banks is 3 million US dollars. Staatsolie is working on a plan of US $ 400 million, EBS is involved in a ‘plant’ of US $ 200 million and we want to establish a sugarcane plant set up of US $ 600 million over several years. This is all along US $ 1.2 billion investments.The question is “debt sustainability”. You should forget the government! I can predict that the high economic growth in Suriname is over. I do not think we can grow after 2013 with more than 3 to 4% per year (maximum). Public finances is the same story, the cessation of the development is both funny and very constraining, because it forces the creation of a national development fund, and the Public Sector Investment Program, PSIP, is approaching the limit of 0. The government can no longer cover its ongoing expenses. Think of FISO 1 and certainly not FISO 2, and FISO 2 does not concern inflation, but the treasury can’t afford it. How do we acquire these investment funds? The only way according to Mr. Tjong-Ahin “Foreign Direct Investment” (FDI), to ask for financing by China and India that have been traders for 2000 years and “there is not something like a free meal” (no thing is free of charge). If the debt to China will be 0.5 or 0.75 billion, they will take the major decisions in Suriname. In the financial institutions it is indeed so that you have to write such thick books to apply for 1 or 2 million US $ project funding and that you stay in competition with other Caricom countries. So we have financing problems. The question at company level is: “how much debt, given the capital structure and balance sheet structure of Staatsolie can still be added here?” The state has nothing; they can borrow maximum US $ 400 million, because we have repaid with development aid our debt to Brazil. You might borrow maybe two times a US $ 200 million loan, but the third time you will borrow to repay the debt and interest on the loan. Then you have the problem of the SRD if the State will borrow for these projects (Tapa-Jai), the state will have difficult access to these financial resources and to mobilize the required SRD to buy US dollars.There is a major financing problem, so we really have to think about it. In the last multiple year plan that was not a problem, because we got free money, but those days are over and there is no more free funding in the future. As economists say: “even the death takes us life”. For the new planning period and for the following long-term plan we need to study carefully how we can get funding.


1.A. Mr. S. Tjong-AhinIt is of course true what Mr. Mungra says. We need to think about financing for our entire development. I can imagine that local banks are limited as regard to the supply of funds for large projects. Yet in my 10 years experience with international banks such as the World Bank, IDB, Islamic Development Bank, etc., one thing strikes me. We handle actually in a quite calm and gentle way with those international organizations. We allow that they decide on the policy. That’s not meant bad, because I do not think their interventions have been excessive in the past, but it is a fact that we still get too little out of these financial institutions. In other Caribbean countries the game is very different. We should not wait for those institutions to come to us whisping: “you know what you can finance?”. It must go the other way around. We must go into their kitchen, and examine what is available. We have to explain them what the rules are, because we are the governors of these banks. Often we forget that. In Suriname we behave as if these people come to visit us and as if they are very sweet to lend us some money, and afterwards we curse. When do we curse? When people ask for certain procedures. That is exactly where you would not need to curse because it should be like that! Often it are very simple things you normally as a self-respecting company would do as well. Regarding Debt Sustainability: There is currently an investigation underway into Debt Sustainability. I have seen the preliminary figures. It is not yet published and I can not divulge figures, but I can say that with regard to Debt Sustainability Suriname is in very good shape. Probably one of the best in the Caribbean. It is nice if you could say it’s not so bad, but in the USA they have a principle that if you do not borrow, they don’t lend you money. And that is the case for Suriname. We have borrowed little, our Debt Sustainability looks good, the macroeconomic indicators look good and basically if you make an analysis (that analysis is in preparation and will be ready within 1 to 2 months) , then you find that Suriname is in a very good shape. The only thing is that if we decide to borrow more, we must realize that we need much more know-how than just an administrator keeping the loans inventory. You need financial experts who know very well what happens in the capital markets, when you pay with a given currency, if you pay, etc. All those things we can learn from other Caribbean countries.

Mr. A. Jagesar, Staatsolie,It is indeed a challenge. Since a few years we are debt free and we made some savings which will be invested in the refinery. For other projects we try to reduce or remove risks with a minimum of preliminary investments. Hence we want to execute a pilot project in Wageningen so that we can reduce the project risks. What would also help in that project is to close a long term contract with a buyer, so the bank is guaranteed of the receipts for at least the loan period. In general, the energy sector is ready to go very far to supply debt financing because in that sector there exist fixed price agreements and fixed tariffs. But I admit that it is a challenge to put everything together. This means that progress of the country of Suriname on the international ratings would help, but we are still not “investment grade”. This means that we pay a penalty to get the loan interest. That is something that we must learn to deal with, it may be an increase of 2% to 3% compared to counties with the best ratings. For example, if the best can borrow at 6% loan, it becomes at the moment 9% for us, due to the lower rating of the country.

Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSYou make me look ridiculous. Who expects from me that I know how EBS should get those 60 to 80 million US $ that is needed to invest in the first step. The plans are there for those stations, but I cannot tell you at the moment how we will finance it. We are now making installation plans, but in time we will have the money to finance execution because you need the power. EBS has to find a solution together with funding organizations and the government.


2.Q. Mr. I. Sno, ABSA question for Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin. May I first begin by saying that he was a little too hard when stating that Suriname had a quarrel with the World Bank. They say it nicely, we are a non-BMC. The same problem we have with Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). But the World Bank at least friendly looked at us last year. What I mean to say is that in the past, the argument was “you do not borrow, so you cannot get anything from me”. For the first time we (statisticians), watched the World Bank, last year, and they have not ruled out certain funds that are parked in the CARICOM. Does Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin have some advice on how the relationship with the World Bank and CDB can be improved?

2.A. Mr. S. Tjong-AhinLet’s start with CDB. As far as I know (I can make mistakes because I was away for a year), Suriname is not a member of CDB. The question is: whether you should be member of CDB? But we need to look into this issue and make a decision. If you are not a member you cannot withdraw funds from CDB. I know that many resources of the IDB and World Bank go to CDB, so actually they are also a bit “needy”. It has become a bit of my mission, and I hope I once would be able to realize it, to bring Suriname back to the World Bank. Yes, it is probably true that they have an opening. They have kept a number of funds that are sleeping here and there. It does not mean we cannot make use of their facilities. We are “not engaged” they call it, but we must come up with a “re-engagement” (as it is called). But Suriname is not on the radar of the World Bank. I am glad that this question comes from you and I have often spoken with people from the World Bank, even more frequently. There is a misunderstanding. I will not go into that, politicians will arrange themselves. But it is really like I say, “I’m not talking to you and I think you don’t want to talk to me”. This refers to nowhere! We underestimate the role of the World Bank. I can tell you that three-quarters of all rankings that we achieve in the World (we are bad when it comes to investments, bad with this, ... etc.). Believe me, it has nothing to do with a bad situation here in Suriname, it has more to do with the fact that we are so far away from the World bank and I can substantiate it myself because I have studied it. Almost all ranking organizations look directly at the World Bank, to their database, it is the most comprehensive database in the World. Suriname is “not available”, “n.a.”, 99% is not available, and if something is available then it are data from 1996. Big Error! Because that means that when these rankings take place as it is about investments or whatever, then the youngest employee becomes in charge of Suriname, for an inquiry. He answers “boss, I have no figures of Suriname”, and Suriname will dangle next to Haiti. You can explore it yourself, that’s the main reason why we often score poorly. That means, if we want to reverse this situation, we need as soon as possible to do business with the World Bank. Do not be in a hurry to borrow from the World Bank, but make sure you use all the facilities. It’s like a financial institution here (locally) would say I am not concerned with the Central Bank of Suriname. Then you’re not so crazy. I advocate that we reflect profoundly on our attitude. You should not get into bed with the World Bank, but remember not interfering with the World Bank is the biggest mistake you can make.


Rem1: Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSRecently one Surinamese PhD student graduated at TU Delft with a thesis on the use of wind energy without the use of a windmill, but by using the friction of the wind. His name is Dr. Jayram. There are many Surinamese who follow now a course at TU Delft. The course is called “Solar Power” and since last year given to the chair of Prof. Zeeman. Surinamese boys and girls have been following this course. This is a good sign that I just wanted to pass.

Rem2: Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBSAnother thing I would add to the story of Jai-Tapa hydropower project. It will be called the “all-weather lake”. This will generate you all over the year a power of 150 MW, if you build it right. At other moments when it rains hard, you will generate energy on the other dams. It could even be doubling the amount of energy. We must of course consider whether the current generators are sufficient for the coming years, or if they must be replaced. It includes all the components, including the transformers at Paranam, while they are the ownership of Suralco, how do we deal with it? We’re going to reach agreements. The cause of major blackouts in recent years (2008 and 2009), was due to ageing of insulators at Afobaka. These matters will be renewed. There are solutions to all problems, including financial problems.


8 Conclusion,

Mr. Dr. ir. Viren ajodhia

The seminar suggested that the energy sector is a dynamic sector with significant growth. According to

figures from the EBS, the electricity growth was more than 10% over the past year and a growth rate of

8% is expected for the coming years.

This boom requires significant investment in new production capacity. In this context, EBS plans the

development of a new thermal power station of around 80 MW (in the first phase) and Staatsolie is

developing plans for the Tapanahony-Jai creek project.

Rational Use of Energy and Energy Efficiency can play an important role in the management of the Energy

Demand. Examples are: energy saving lamps, efficiency in construction, efficient air conditioning, the use

of energy efficient cars.

There are several initiatives on Renewable Energy. In the interior, for example, they engaged in micro-

hydro and solar power while in Galibi a wind farm project is under way. The energy sector offers significant

opportunities for the Surinamese business. Besides the spin-offs on the large investments by EBS and

Staatsolie, there is also a role in the development of smaller scale Renewable Energy Sources.

The presence of a sound energy policy plays an important role. In this area improvements can be gained.

• Thereiscurrentlynoauthorityorinstitutionwherealldataandinformationontheenergysectoris

unambiguously available and centralized. Much data is scattered and often not comparable. This

complicates the planning of new projects, determining the profitability, new initiatives.

• Thereareseveral initiatives in thefieldofenergy,but theyareallscattered.There isnocentral

coordinating body. For example: certain initiatives in the energy sector are unknown at the Ministry

of Natural Resources.

• There is no clear energy policy at thismoment. TheMinistry of Natural Resources discussed

the initiation of a number of initiatives, but the implementation has yet to take place. The Energy

Institute is such an initiative that could play a very important role in the future.

• The tariffpolicyof thegovernmentdoesnothing topromoteenergyconservation.Because the

rates are too low, energy saving measures are not attractive.

• Access tocapital for theenergysector(andalso forothersectors)shouldbe focusing lesson

traditional sources such as development aid from the Netherlands. Joining international financial

institutions like the World Bank may open the door to provide Suriname and Surinamese

entrepreneurs with easier access to capital in larger volumes.


The identification of these problems has been an important outcome of this seminar. The various speakers

framed a good picture of the various energy initiatives and energy opportunities in Suriname. In addition

the obstacles were identified the industry faces in order to be able to stimulate entrepreneurship in the

energy sector.

What is the next step? There are many business opportunities in the energy sector. At the same time it

is important that the Government will create the necessary frameworks to accommodate this process of

cooperation with the industry. Availability of data and information is crucial. An effective energy policy can

help to shape the coordinating role of government and realize the opportunities in the energy sector.

This seminar can supply an important contribution to the further growth of the energy sector and the

creation of opportunities for the business. It is therefore important that the results of this seminar are

brought together and that they are presented to the various stakeholders. This will contribute to a good

energy supply for Suriname in the future and will create opportunities for entrepreneurs.


9 Closing

Ladies and Gentlemen, first of all we are very grateful to the people that made this seminar to a

success: our speakers, a range of experts, professionals who presented here and who gave us a lot of

information.

The result is that we received homework. The Minister of Natural Resources requested explicitly, to do

everything to report this homework in the correct way.

What we have learned is that a sequel is necessary for project financing. This is the indication we have

heard today. We shall return very soon and come with a financial seminar to follow-up what is brought

forward.

But I do not want to take much of your time. I must thank you for your attendance, participation, lively

discussion on professional level. I’ve heard little disruption of phones going off, so thank you for that.

Again, we will do our best to make the summary as mentioned by Mr. Ajodhia visible for all.

Chairman: “Thank you for the job. Well-Done!”

It was great!

Herewith I close the seminar and would like to thank you all.


appendix 1: acronymic

AdeKUS Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname

BNP Bruto Nationaal Product

CDB Caribbean Development Bank

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

EE Energie Efficiëntie

EER Energy Efficiency Rate

EPAR Elektriciteitsvoorziening omgeving Paramaribo,

(Paramaribo, Wanica, Commewijne Saramacca en een deel van Para)

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

FISO Nieuwe schaalverdeling van de lonen bij de Overheid

GEF (United Nations) Global Environment Fund

N.A. Not Available

NGO Non Governmental Organisation

REG Rationeel Energie Gebruik

SECCI Sustainable Energy Climate and Change Initiative

TOE Ton Olie Equivalenten

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change


appendix 2: evaluation

a. logistics

On-time Ample on time Late

Was the invitation/announcement of the seminar on time?

68% 14% 18%

Yes No

Was the scheduled time of the seminar adequate?

93% 7%

Excellent Good Fair Poor

How was the quality of the refreshments and food provided?

17% 57% 21% 5%

Good Not good

Were the venue and accommodation of the seminar good chosen?

100% 0%

B. Presentation/content

Clear Moderate Poor

1. Was the purpose of the seminar clear?

86,4% 11,4% 2,3%

2. Presentation by Ms. Farzia Hausil:

Yes No

Was the presentation clear? 90% 10%

Was the info useful? 93% 7%


How do you rate the presentations/material as presented?

9% 65% 26% 0%

Easy to understand

Normal to understand Difficult to understand

How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation?

24% 74% 2%

Clear and Correct

Correct Moderate Poor

How was the feedback given by the audience?

7% 46% 37% 10%


3. Presentation by Mr. Annand Jagesar

Yes No





7.1% 64.3% 26.2% 2.4%

Easy to understand



24% 74% 2%

Clear and Correct



13% 50% 30% 8%

4. Presentation by Mr. Samuel Mehairjan

Yes No





23% 54% 21% 2%

Easy to understand



24.4% 73.2% 2.4%

Clear and Correct



21% 45% 26% 8%


5. Presentation by Mr. Cornel Wijngaarde:

Yes No





2% 61% 32% 5%

Easy to understand



20.5% 76.9% 2.6%

Clear and Correct



22% 44% 31% 3%

6. Presentation by Mr. Johan Geeraert:

Yes No


Was the info useful? 92,5% 7,5%



0% 63% 34% 2%

Easy to understand



12% 83% 5%

Clear and Correct



26% 44% 29% 0%


7. How did you find the contributions of the panel?

Yes No

Where these clear? 100% 0%




11% 55% 34% 0%

Easy to understand



14% 86% 0%

Clear and Correct



11% 59% 27% 3%

Yes No

8. In your opinion does the private sector provide enough consideration to the issue of renewable energy to obtain benefits?

34% 66%

Yes No

9. In your opinion does the government provide enough consideration to the issue of renewable energy to obtain benefits for the development of Suriname?

23% 77%

Yes No

10. Do you think that the SBF/SBC should give a follow up to this seminar?

93% 7%

Yes No

12. Overall do you find this seminar informative and useful?

100% 0%

Yes No

13. Is there a need for such kind seminars/ workshops?

100% 0%

Learning: Allowing 30% overtime on the one hand and compensating by reducing the planned

presentation time with up-to 50% on the other hand influences respectively the delay that will

accumulate during the day and the quality of the compressed presentation.


Participants were able to supply also qualitative feed-back in addition to the quantitative information.

Apart from the pre-defined answers, open questions were used to collect qualitative data. This data was

grouped but the individual groups were not valued for importance or ranked. As a first approach the

amount of remarks in a group could supply an indication of the relative importance.

11. What kind of follow up do you expect /propose?

Project Analyze / in-depth- or detailed projects synthesis

Less topics•Studies etc.•Detailed opportunities and threats. Foreign /regional examples of RE initiatives …•Detailed one, for every subdivision such as hydro power, biomass, finance etc.•A more detailed one•Two/three renewable projects in depth•Subtheme depth analyses•Implementation identified viable Energy projects•Launch of a project for energy efficiency•CDM proposal done by private sector•Initiate action•

Communication & follow-upA follow up seminar on this subject•A follow up of where/which institutes have data available about energy. And the impacts/effects •of the environment for SurinameNext time they must show the results of that what they have spoken about•Project status after 1 or 2 years•Discussion on alternatives in all sectors•From assessment->vision->strategy->implementation•

Economic impact and project financingOutcome and status investment support(info)•More details in the financial framework•Financing discussion. Which companies can already invest? Which projects will be realized •now or in the future?Seminar-> economic impact of new energy possibilities•

Support to generate and communicate a common visionI would say a forum in which business can say what they are doing•What is the position of the business community ASFA/KKF/VSB with regard to the energy •discussion and what is the vision of the government towards the energy policy?A forum on renewable energy•The role of the government/policy•


14. What kind of topic(s) do you propose?*

Rational use of Energy

Rational use of energy. Energy reductions after the construction phase•Renewable energy and• awareness on energy consumptionNew technology in daily live •Energy management•

Energy GenerationEnergy generation methods. Financing options/methods•Renewable energy•

Solar films (cheaper) »

Biofuels: - Biomass opportunity etc » - The SML project of Staatsolie and all the effects when it will be realized. - The use of biocarsBusiness opportunity »

Environment and EnergyRenewable• / environmental issues/financing/opportunitiesEnvironment aspects•Waste and its solutions•

Financing energy projectsRenewable/ environmental issues/ financing/opportunities•How to finance and implement•Energy generation methods. Financing options/methods•

Market analyze, Strategy and PolicyNiche market sector analysis•Tourism development in Suriname. Infrastructure and development•IT/energy•Scenario planning-> Energy scenarios->test investments against various scenarios .Juridical •frame work. Concrete expected actions from the government (strategy, policy, plans, actions)What does work in the Suriname experience?•Food security. Developments in the agro sector (example: process possibilities)•

* The participant’s feedback is repeated in multiple sections. Information not relevant for the section has been represented with a strike through.

15. Do you have any suggestion(s) and/or idea(s) that will assist us in future seminars workshops on

this or other topics?

Create more room for comments from the audience•Increase the room temperature•Water quality•Clearly communicate expectations of seminar•Align each presentation with goals -> explain /communicate.•Promote cooperation!!! •Distribute all PowerPoint slides to the attendance so that they follow the speaker better•present case studies•


appendix 3: agenda

PROGRAMM: Seminar: “Renewable energy potential and Business Opportunities in Suriname”, Date:

Monday 1st February 2010, Time: 08h30 – 14h30, Location: Banquet Hall - Hotel Torarica, Paramaribo,

Chairmen: Dr. Ir. Viren Ajodhia

Session 1: opening

08.30 – 09.00: Registration (Coffee / juice / snack)

09.00 – 09.05: Ir. Ernie P. Isselt – Director Suriname Business Development Centre: Introduction

09.05 – 09.10: Ing. Orlando dos Ramos – Chairman Suriname Business Forum: Welcome

09.10 – 09.15: Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones - Chargée d’Affaires European Commission:

Speech

09.15 – 09.30: Dr. Gregory Rusland - Minister of Natural Resources (NH): Opening Speech

Session 2: energy balance and energy indicators

09.30 – 09.50: Presentation NIMOS - Ms. Farzia Hausil: ‘Clean Development Mechanism (CDM):

Opportunity for Suriname?’

09.50 – 10.10: Presentation Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname – Annand Jagesar:

‘Energy balance Suriname’

10.10 – 10.30: Presentation EBS - Samuel Mehairjan: ‘Electricity: demand,

supply and future perspectives

10.30 – 11.00: Questions

11.00 – 11.15: Coffee break

Session 3: Business opportunities to manage the demand – and additional production

through Renewable energy.

11.15 – 11.25: Presentation ADEKUS - Cornel Wijngaarde:

‘Energy-indicators and missing knowledge’

11.25 – 11.50: Presentation Foundation of Energy & Sustainable Development Suriname – Johan Geeraert:

‘The potential of rational use of energy, management of the Demand Side and

Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname: some basic concepts

11.50 – 12.00: Questions

12.00 – 13.45: Pannel discussion


Session 3: Business opportunities to manage the demand – and additional production

through Renewable energy.

Part 1: Rational Use of Energy / Energy Efficiency or Demand Side Management

- EE applications (spaarlampen i.p.v. gloeilampen; Energy Efficiency Transformers) –

Samuel Mehairjan (EBS/Director Transmission & Generation)

- Energiezuinige auto’s – Glenn Stekkel (Fernandes Autohandel)

- Klimatisatie en bouwmaatregelen toepassingen - Werner van Geel (New Tech)

Part 2: Hernieuwbare energie of bijkomend energieaanbod

- Waterkracht: kansen voor Suriname – Eddy Frankel (Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname)

- Bio-energie: kansen voor Suriname - Rosita Ramautar (Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname)

- Financiering voor hernieuwbare energie en rationeel energiegebruik of energie-efficiëntie –

Silvano Tjong-Ahin (consultant)

13.45 – 14.15: Plenaire discussie / Conclusies & aanbevelingen

Sessie 4: afsluiting

14.15 - 14.25: Samenvatting

14.25 – 14.30: Directeur SBC – Ir. E.P. Isselt: Dankwoord / Sluiting

14.30: Snacks


appendix 4: Participants

# name Surname Vertegenwoordigende instantie1 Alleyne Albert De Consumentenkring Suriname

2 Anderson Erik US. Embassy

3 Anijs Roel EBS

4 Amirullah-Moeniralam Afirah SBF

5 Aroma Haidy Environmental Services & Support (ESS)

6 Baidjoe Vishal ADEK

7 Bajnath Rufin

8 Bajnath -Khoenkhoen Min. ATM

9 Bhaggoe D. Hi-Telcom

10 Bhairo -Marhé Sheila AP&G Consulting

11 Bihari Sandra Nederlandse Ambassade

12 Bipat Armand EBS

13 Bishesar Nilesch Johec International

14 Boedhoe Wonnie VES /NOB NV

15 Boedhoe - Hemai Ashwinie Min.Plos

16 Bogor Donovan NIMOS

17 Boschman Cindy Het Vocational Business Institute

18 Bram Stephanie Kabinet van de President van de Republiek Suriname

19 Bruce E. Stg. Planbureau

20 Burnet S. Aanmelding

21 Castillion - Elder Min. ATM

22 Charan Shakuntala ADEK

23 Coffeng Ad Consultant

24 Cotin Astrando Het Vocational Business Institute

25 Cromwelc Crawford IICA

26 Delprado A. Stichting Groene energie

27 De Randami De West

28 Dijks Judith US. Embassy

29 Djanam M. Haukes NV

30 Dos. Ramos Orlando Suriname Business Forum

31 Drakenstein Bryan UNDP

32 Eerenstein Hans

33 Eindhoven Marcel EBS

34 Elbert F. De West

35 Evers Ivo De Ware Tijd

36 Fernandes Min. van H.I.

37 Foe A Man Kenneth Suriname Business Forum


# name Surname Vertegenwoordigende instantie38 Friperson O. Radiola

39 Gangaram Panday Artie General Consulting

40 Geeraert Johan Stichting Energie & Duurzame Ontwikkeling Suriname

41 Girdhari Swami IBMS NV

42 Goedschalk J. Kersten

43 Gouptar Anurodha Qualogy Suriname N.V.

44 Graanoogst Eline SBC

45 Grauwde Remy SSB

46 Griffith G. NIMOS

47 Heckers Robert Johec International

48 Hernandez Aragones Esmeralda the Delegation of the European Union

49 Hoever S. Consumentenkring

50 Hussein Victor DGSA

51 Isselt Ernie Suriname Business Forum

52 Kalka Ratan SBC

53 Kanit V SCTV

54 Kasban Ernesto Qualogy Suriname N.V.

55 Kerkhoffs - Zerp Margret Min. Handel en Industrie

56 Khodabaks Zevoera Nederlandse Ambassade

57 King John ICCA

58 Kisoensingh Anjali ABS

59 Klinghammer W. CREDP

60 Koeba Samantha Het Vocational Business Institute

61 Kopinsky Michael Sustainable Technical Solutions N.V.

62 Kortram Hillery Het Vocational Business Institute

63 Lachman Danny Applied Intellect

64 Lau Gerard EBS

65 Lee Lucia SCTV

66 Man a Hing Max Duncan KKF

67 Mohan Karuna Het Vocational Business Institute

68 Mozermo Het Vocational Business Institute

69 Olivieira Cornelly WBG/SBF

70 Panka H. ATV

71 Park P. N.V. EBS

72 Peiter Consuela Het Vocational Business Institute

73 Piqué O. Min. van H.I.

74 Plet Nataly Min. ATM

75 Power-Moernisa Ashni PTC

76 Premchand A. EBS

77 Rahan Lesly EBS


# name Surname Vertegenwoordigende instantie78 Ramantan R. Min. Handel en Industrie

79 Ramautarsing Winston Proplan Consultancy

80 Ramdutt Ashwin EBS

81 Ramhit Hemkaran Process Consultancy

82 Ramlochan Maike Het Vocational Business Institute

83 Rapprecht B. Stichting Planbureau Suriname

84 Rodriquez G

85 Rusland Gregory Minister van N.H.

86 Rusland Emojano CBvS

87 Sairras Glenn Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname

88 Setrowidjojo - Karijodrono P. Min.ATM

89 Shankuntala Charan AdeKUS

90 Sharize Het Vocational Business Institute

91 Silos-Gangadin Sita van CELOS Crelos

92 Geerlings-Simons Jenny DNA

93 Sital Jaikishan EBS

94 Sno Gladys Fernandes Botteing Co.

95 Sno Iwan A. ABS

96 Stekkel - Vroom Marion WBG

97 Talea Andreas ABS

98 Tilakdharie S. Min. van Openbare Werken en Verkeer

99 Titrotaroeno Moedio Ilustration Consultancy

100 Tjon A Hung Roy EBS

101 Tjon Pian Gi R. Fernandes Concern beheer

102 Tsai A Woei Astrid Consumentenkring

103 Varsenburg Thessa Qualogy Suriname N.V.

104 Wanner Jerry EBS

105 Watson Fred EBS

106 Wesenhagen P.G. Hi-Telcom N.V.

107 Willems M. WTC N.V.

108 Wijngaarde Cornel AdeKUS

109 Yang Ruben Mitra NV


appendix 5: Presentations

Clean Development Mechanism:•

opportunity voor Suriname? (Farzia Hausil)

Energie balans aardolie produkten (Annand Jagesar)•

Elektriciteit: Vraag, Aanbod en Toekomstvoruitzichten •

(Samuel Mchairjan M.Sc.)

Energie Indicatoren en Ontbrekende Kennis (Data) (Cornel •

Wijngaarde M.Sc.)

De beheersing van de energievraag & hernieuwbaar ener-•

giepotentieel van Suriname (Johan Geeraert)


Presentaties

Clean Development Mechanism:opportunity voor Suriname?

Farzia Hausil

77

I h dInhoudsopgaveAchtergrond informatieAchtergrond informatie

Implementatie CDM (structuur, Implementatie CDM (structuur, approval procedure

Potentiële projecten/ projecten in de pijplijn

CoP 15

2

Clean Development Mechanism: i S i ?opportunity voor Suriname?

F i H ilFarzia HausilNIMOS

1 februari 2010

“HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe”

78

GHG inventory

4

CDMCDM

3


79

O t tOutput

W k h t i i Workshops en trainingenVereisten: ontwikkelen criteria, goedkeuringsprocedure PIN/PDDg g p /Instelling CDM CommissieAwareness: www.cdmsuriname.com,b och es In esto G ide etcbrochures, Investor Guide etc.Participatie Carbon Expo 2009

6

I l t ti CDM i S iImplementatie CDM in Suriname

Project Capacity Development for Project Capacity Development for Clean Development Mechanism (CD4CDM);

Maart 2008Ministerie ATM, NIMOS

Doel CD4CDM project:Doel CD4CDM project:Verhogen kennisniveau/begrip t.a.v. het CDM en de mogelijkheden Versterken van de capaciteit om CDM projecten te formuleren en teimplementeren

5


80

Pi P dPin ProcedureProjectontwikkelaar dient PIN in bij Minister ATM

CDM Commissie Interdepartementale Werkgroep

NIMOS & Milieu Sectie NIMOS, Milieu Sectie & relevante actoren

Beoordeling & formulering opinie

I di di h i PIN

Meeting met projectontwikkelaar

CDM Commissie stelt LoNo voor

Indien nodig, herzien PIN

8Minister tekent LoNo

CDM Structuur Suriname

Ministerie ATM Taken:

Procedures & criteria

Evalueren ingediende projecten

Permanente CDMCommissie

(Milieu Sectie &NIMOS)

Adviseren Minister ATM

Voorstellen CDM beleid &wetgeving

Informatie verschaffing en)

Interdepartementale

Informatie verschaffing enbewustzijn bevordering

Monitoring goedgekeurdeprojecten

B l idi j t t ikk l

Taken:

Evalueren PIN’s& PDD’s

Ondersteunen pWerkgroep Begeleiding projectontwikkelaarsOndersteunen

Permanente Cie

7

NIMOS Milieu Sectie Relevante actoren


81

Potentiële CDM projectenHoutwinning Brokopondo StuwmeerHoutwinning Brokopondo StuwmeerZonnepanelen op grote gebouwen en hotels in Paramaribo;

fHoutafval (woodpellets, vergassen); Omzetten van huishoudelijk afval in energie;g ;Energy efficiency verbetering in bedrijven;Jaykreek/Tapanahony hydro-energieJaykreek/Tapanahony hydro energieprojectStadsverlichting op zonne-energie

10

PDD dPDD procedureProjectontwikkelaar dient PDD in bij Minister ATM

CDM Commissie Interdepartementale WerkgroepNIMOS & Milieu Sectie NIMOS, Milieu Sectie & relevante actoren


Beoordeling Nationaal & Internationaal (DOE)

Indien nodig herzien PDD


Project wordt goedgekeurd

Projectontwikkelaar dient validatierapport in

9Minister geeft LoNo

Project wordt goedgekeurd


82

VVoortgang

H lb h id di iël CDMHaalbaarheidstudie potentiële CDMprojecten

CDM project portfolio

Awareness www.cdmsuriname.com

Verdere training

12

P j t i d ij lijProjecten in de pijplijn

Bio-energie Plant Suriname: kafvergassing in Nickerie

Mangrove project: f i / f i aforestation/reforestation

kuststrook

11


83

Sl tSlot

“The future of our business is being decided now, let us get

i d!”organized!”

Verdere informatie: www.cdmsuriname.com

14

Verdere informatie: www.cdmsuriname.com

C P 15 K hCoP 15: KopenhagenKopenhagen akkoord: “An outline of a p gfuture framework to address climate change”.G bi d d f k K t Geen bindende afspraken KyotoProtocolStreven internationale Streven internationale temperatuurstijging van niet meer dan 2.0 ºCStabiliseren uitstoot broeikasgassen Mitigatie OntwikkelingslandenFinancie ingFinanciering

13



Presentaties

energie balans aardolie produktenannand Jagesar

85

Inhoud

1 Energie balans (aardolie produkten)1. Energie balans (aardolie produkten)

2. Reserves outlook

3. Slot opmerking over renewables

4. Business opportunitiespp

________________________________________

Totaal aantal slides 10Totaal aantal slides 10

“Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 2

Energie balans aardolie produktenEnergie balans aardolie produkten

Annand JagesarManager Corporate PlanningStaatsolie Maatschappij Suriname N.VDecember 1 februari 2010

“Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname”


86

Geschat effect op de balance of payment

150

200

lions

50

100

150

Mil

-100

-50

0

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Waa

rde

-200

-150

100

Net balance

-300

-250

Jaren


Vraag & aanbod olie producten

Domestic Diesel/ Gasoline/ Fuel oil Demand & Production

5,000,000

6,000,000

Realization

2 000 000

3,000,000

4,000,000

bbls

/ yea

r

Realization

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Diesel demand Gasoline demand Fuel Oil demandStaatsolie diesel production Staatsolie gasoline production Staatsolie Fuel Oil production



87

Reserves

Resources

A i l

Economics & Dev. Plan

Appraisal

Evaluation

Traditional Exploration Drilling

Geological Evaluation & Ranking

Drilling of Leads and ProspectsDetailed 2D grid on ProspectsExploration

Portfolio

Regional 2D Data & WellsHistorical dataEvaluation

Exploration Programs


Time (in yrs)2008 2010 20112009 2012 2013

Reserves

Resources

A i l

Economics & Dev. Plan

Appraisal

Evaluation

Traditional Exploration Drilling

Geological Evaluation & Ranking

Drilling of Leads and ProspectsDetailed 2D grid on ProspectsExploration

Portfolio

Regional 2D Data & WellsHistorical dataEvaluation

Exploration Programs


Time (in yrs)2008 2010 20112009 2012 2013


88

4135

32

46

9° 0' 0" N9° 0' 0" N

58° 0' 0" W 57° 0' 0" W 56° 0' 0" W 55° 0' 0" W 54° 0' 0" W 53° 0' 0" W 52° 0' 0" W

32

30N

40

34

30N

42

4948

47

46

8° 0' 0" N8° 0' 0" N

2D seismic (2004)

3D seismic (2005)

Well (2008)

Block 30

Block 30S

3839

33

4230N

38

Bord

er

Repsol YPFNoble EnergyPetro-Hunt

SouthMurphy Oil

45

8° 0' 0" N

3D seismic: 2008 - 09

2 Wells : 2010 - 11

2D seismic (2005)

3D seismic ( 2009)Block 37

Block 31

13 14 1536

4443

Gui

ana

Mar

itime

Bord

er

Surin

ame-

Guy

ana

Mar

itime

B Murphy Oil

Inpex

CGX (100%)Corentyne Concession

7° 0' 0" N7° 0' 0" N1 Well (2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Paramaribo

Surin

ame-

Fren

chG

Nickerie Block Coronie Block

Cal

cutta

Blo

ck

Tam

bare

djo

Blo

ck

Uitk

ijk B

lock

Weg

naa

r Zee

Blo

ck

Commewijne Block

Tullow Oil

POC

6° 0' 0" N6° 0' 0" N

5° 0' 0" N 5° 0' 0" N

58° 0' 0" W 57° 0' 0" W 56° 0' 0" W 55° 0' 0" W 54° 0' 0" W 53° 0' 0" W 52° 0' 0" W

0 40 80 120 160 km

Tambaredjo Oil FieldCalcutta Oil Field


Contractors:

USGS 2000: 15 billion barrels potential

Long – Medium Term Plans50

0000

6000

00

7000

00

K/4-1S

K/6-2L/10-1X

L/3-1S L/6-1S

L/7-2SL/8-1

5 6 7

2D/3D/wells

kerie

Blo

ck

bare

djo

Blo

ck

omm

ewijn

e B

lock

nie

Blo

ck

r Zee

Blo

ck

ombo

Blo

ck

cutta

Blo

ck

TambaredjoField

63 a

cres

24 a

cres

2,043 sq.km / 504,736 acres

Tambaredjo NW Field

Calcutta Field Paramaribo

B/34-1XK/4 1S L/3 1S

JKS-1

NIC-1SK-1SMS-1 TA-2TA-3TN-1

TPS-1

WA-1WA-2

WA-3

Nic

k

Tam

b Co

Cor

on

Weg

Naa

r

Way

o

Cal

c2,677 sq.km / 661,535 acres 2,593 sq.km / 640,641 acres 1,616 sq.km / 399,328 acres 80

8 sq

.km

/ 19

9,56

758

sq.k

m /

187,

32

901 sq.km / 222,799 acres

DP

WA-4

WY-1600000 60000015 0 15 30 45 km

5 wells10 & 2 test wells

5000

00

6000

00

7000

00

10/5 wells 3 appraisal wells

3 appraisal wells8 & 1 test wells



89

USGC No. 6 Fuel Oil 3% S Price development120 Current Econ Crisis

D d d t ti

100

Demand destructionfrom USA& China

80

l OPEC 10% quota increaseAsian Econ Crisis

PDVSA StrikeIraq warAsian Growth

40

60

$/bb

Series of OPEC cuts4.2 Million Barrels

20

409/11

-

Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08


Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08

Confidence in our own abilities

Peak Oil estimation and ‘oilPeak Oil estimation and ‘oil--related’ mitigationsrelated’ mitigations

“Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 9Confidence in our own abilities


90




91

End of Presentation


Business opportunities

• Staatsolie concentreert zich op haar core business en streeft ernaar om niet strategische delen van de gwerkzaamheden uit te besteden. Dit zal in de toekomst in toenemende mate plaatsvinden.

• In alle internationale contracten wordt altijd opgenomen de eis dat het lokale bedrijfsleven betrokken wordt en dat jer voorkeur wordt gegeven aan lokale werknemers.



92

World supply of energy in GTOEWorld supply of energy in GTOE


Government budget contributionGovernment budget contributionIMF country report May 2008IMF country report May 2008

Table 7. Suriname: Central Government Operations(In millions of Suriname dollars)

2005 2006 Est.2007

Revenue and grants 1,352.1 1,601.0 2,002.0

Revenue 1,270.8 1,520.0 1,902.5Direct taxes 540.7 610.4 778.8Indirect taxes 507.0 674.7 804.0N t 223 1 234 9 319 7Nontax revenue 223.1 234.9 319.7Grants 81.3 81.0 99.5

Relation SOM contribution to total Government budget2008 20092008 2009

Contribution SOM 826 154Ref 2007 Gov budget 2002 2002

“Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 15Confidence in our own abilities

Percentage SOM contribution 41% 8%


93

Staatsolie Crude Production 5 8 MM

5.40 0.4Staatsolie Fuel Oil

5,8 MM

Staatsolie LVGO0.20 0.15.60 0.502.46 0.232 15 0 10

Import Fuel Oil

Local* Suralco * EBS

TotalImport LVGO by StaatsolieTotalLocal

2.15 0.100.27 0.020.00 0.080.02 * SPCS 0.000 02 0 03

Suralco EBS* EBS* SPCS

* Other* Staatsolie

* Staatsolie * Bunkering (Fishery)

* Other0.02 0.03Export 2.90 Export 0.29

0.60 0.082.30 0.21

* Other

* Bunkering* Regio

* Bunkering* Regio

* Other


0.24 -0.02



Presentaties

elektriciteit: Vraag, aanbod en Toekomstvoruitzichten

Samuel Mchairjan M.Sc.

95

Agenda2

g• Vraag

N V Energie Bedrijven Suriname gegevensN.V. Energie Bedrijven Suriname gegevensGroei van de Elektriciteit in SurinameGroei PrognosekWh verbruik

• AanbodElektriciteits OpwekkingKorte Termijn Problemen en OplossingenKorte Termijn Problemen en OplossingenAfobaka Lake Level

• ToekomstvooruitzichtenVraag & AanbodSuriname – Frans Guyana Inter-connectieHernieuwbare Energie Potentie en Energiebesparing

• Conclusies en Aanbevelingen…

Elektriciteit:Elektriciteit:

1

Elektriciteit:Elektriciteit:Vraag, Aanbod en Toekomstvooruitzichten

Samuel Mehairjan M.Sc.

Director Generation & TransmissionN.V. Energie Bedrijven Suriname (EBS)

Maandag 1 februari 2010Seminar:Hernieuwbare energie potentieel en business opportunities in Hernieuwbare energie potentieel en business opportunities in Suriname

Samenstellers: S Mehairjan MSc Electr Power EngSamenstellers: S. Mehairjan MSc, Electr Power Eng,A. Bipat BSc, Mech Eng, R. Mehairjan BSc (Power Eng student TU Delft).


96

Vraag naar Elektriciteit:G i d l k i i i (i ) k

4

Groei van de elektriciteit (in MW) EPAR Netwerk1966 okt 2009

160

180

100

120

140

W

60

80MW

20

40

66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08

year

D EBS 2008

3

De EBS gegevens 2008Personeels leden 943943

Omzet 274 miljoen SRD274 miljoen SRD

Bezittingen 649 miljoen SRD649 miljoen SRD

Investeringen 182 miljoen SRD182 miljoen SRDg jj

Stroomverkopen 927 GWh (EPAR)927 GWh (EPAR)

Piek vermogen 175175 –– 180 MW180 MW


97

Vraag naar Electriciteit EPAR + Rosebel:

6

Vraag naar Electriciteit EPAR + Rosebel:2006 2009 kWh Verbuik

JaarJaar20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009

aantalaantal GWhGWh aantalaantal GWhGWh aantalaantal GWhGWh aantalaantal GWhGWh

Huishou 66 283283 69 2 269 2 2 2828 399399 308308Huishoudelijke 67.45767.457 283.1283.1 69.25269.252 285.1285.1 71.39971.399 308.1308.1 73.450 335.8

Commer-ciele 6.9156.915 155.1155.1 7.7037.703 169.5169.5 8.1158.115 183.9183.9 8.650 205.5-ciele

Indus-triele 694694 118.9118.9 697697 164.9164.9 700700 181.5181.5 710 225.8

Rose-bel 1 108.1 1 109.9 1 117.7 1 163.2

Diver-sen

9191 149.9149.9 9999 159.5159.5 9999 181.5181.5 105 200.9sen

TotaalTotaal 75.53175.531 815.1815.1 77.75177.751 888.7888.7 80.31380.313 927.7927.7 82.92082.920 1131.21131.2

Groei scenario v.d vraag naar Elektriciteit:5

EPARPeak Demand

Jaarlijkse Groei

450

500

EPARPeak Demand

300

350

400

450

(MW)

150

200

250

Peak

Load

(

'07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20

50

100

LOW 2.7% 130 134 137 141 145 149 153 157 161 165 170 175 179 184

BASE 6.4% 130 139 148 157 167 178 189 201 214 228 243 259 275 293

HIGH 10.0% 130 143 158 174 191 210 231 255 280 309 340 374 412 453


98

Aanbod:8

300

Korte Termijn Problemen en Oplossingen…….8% groei gemiddeld per jaar !!8% groei gemiddeld per jaar !!

250

EBS Bruynzeel II

150

200 EBS Bruynzeel II

EBS Bruynzeel I

Staatsolie

EBS Machine# 20

100

EmergencyUnits

Suralco TG2

Existing Supply

50

Demand

Optimal Supply Level

0

Sep09

Oct09

Nov09

Dec09

Jan10

Feb10

Mar10

Apr10

May10

Jun10

Jul10

Aug10

Sep10

Oct10

Nov10

Dec10

Jan11

Feb11

Mar11

Apr11

May11

Jun11

Jul11

Aug11

Sep11

Oct11

Nov11

Dec11

Aanbod:EPAR+ Iamgold7

gElektriciteit Opwekkers jaar 2006 2009

JaarJaar 20062006 20072007 20082008 20092009

InkoopInkoop SuralcoSuralco++IamgoldIamgold ((GWhGWh))

753,7753,7 890,6890,6 10001000 1009,21009,2

InkoopInkoop SPCS (SPCS (GWhGWh)) 28,228,2 26,326,3 3,13,1 38,238,2

Opwekking EBS (GWh)Opwekking EBS (GWh) 132 1132 1 31 231 2 31 831 8 131 6131 6Opwekking EBS (GWh)Opwekking EBS (GWh) 132,1132,1 31,231,2 31,831,8 131,6131,6

Totaal (GWh)Totaal (GWh) 914914 948,1948,1 1034,91034,9 11791179

G i G i 3 8 %3 8 % 9 2 %9 2 % 13 9%13 9%GroeiGroei 3,8 %3,8 % 9.2 %9.2 % 13,9%13,9%


99

Aanbod:10

Afobaka Lake Elevation Trends 2009Afobaka Lake Elevation Trends

266

2009

258

260

262

264

T

250

252

254

256

ATI

ON

IN

FE

ET

rule curve 260

2009

242

244

246

248

LAK

E E

LEV

A

238

240

242

dec jan feb mar apr may june july aug sep oct nov dec

Aanbod:

9

Aanbod:MW Trends

2009 EBS, RGM, NH MW actual and NH remaining

120,0

130,0

140,0

16,0

18,0

20,0

22,0

80 0

90,0

100,0

110,0

EBS,

NH

MW

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

RG

M M

W

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

0,0

2,0

4,0

6,0

Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09

NH MW remaining

EBS MW actual 102,2 105,9 106,6 106,1 110,4 111,7 111,6 107,7 71,7 63,7 72,1 69,3

Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09

EBS MW actual , , , , , , , , , , , ,

NH MW actual 117,2 121,6 123,8 124,6 130,4 131,6 131,7 129,3 93,0 85,2 93,1 90,3

RGM MW actual 14,3 14,9 16,4 17,8 19,2 19,0 19,4 20,9 20,5 20,8 20,1 20,2


100

Proposed new EBS Power plant12

p p(200 MW)

T k t it i ht

11

Toekomstvooruitzichten

D j lijk i l t i it it i idd ld 8• De jaarlijkse groei van electriciteit is gemiddeld 8-13%

• De investeringen voor additionele opwekking is direkt noodzakelijk (direct 9 +14 MW en 60 MW in

)twee jaren)

• De N V EBS gaat in drie fasen een powerplant• De N.V. EBS gaat in drie fasen een powerplantneerzetten op Beekhuizen met een totale capaciteit van 200 MW. ( geschatte kosten op meer dan Euro 200 miljoen)


101

14

Hernieuwbare Energie vs.

S stainable po er generation

Duurzame Energie:• Sustainable power generation:

A form of power generation, which can be maintained economically without depleting ormaintained economically without depleting ordamaging the resources

• Renewable power generation:A form of power generation, in which the requiredp g , qresources are normally replenished through natural processes

Suriname – Fr. Guyana Interconnection

13

Suriname Fr. Guyana Interconnection

Menckendam

Albina – St.Laurent

161 kV – 60 Hz90 kV- 50 Hz

Paranam

90 kV- 50 Hz

BrokopondoBrokopondo


102

Hernieuwbare Energie:16

Potentie• BiomassBiomass

Planning of a Rice husk PowerStation in Nickerie (4 MW)Planning sugarcane begasse PowerStation Wageningen (… MW)MW)Planning domestic waste Power Station (10 MW)Investigation of waste wood gasifiers to generate power

• BiofuelEthanol Wagenigen en elders

• Hydro power projectsJai-Tapa en MarowijneK b l bKabaleboMicro hydro in vele rivieren ontwikkelen.

15

Hernieuwbare Energie:

• Micro Hydro Project in the rural areasPotentie

Puketi 1979-1981 (40 kW)Gran Holo Sula 3 * 150 kW in sept 2010 in operation and Palumeu 5 kW asynchr gen.

And other rivers (future investigations)And other rivers (future investigations)

• Wind Energy Projects

Galibi Research Location for Wind PotentialPrivate Owned Wind turbines (Lely Hills)Hertenrits and Zeedijk in Nickerie (future investigations)

• Solar Energy Projects

Kwamala Samutu solar project (4 years no funds anymore) PV RaleighvallenPV j t C ij (500 kW) 2010PV project Commewijne (500 kW) 2010Solar thermal project (future investigations)And other locations (future investigations)

Bron: The Implementation Possibilities of Renewable Energy In the rural areas of Suriname - Maarten Mangnus


103

18

Energie Efficiëntie:• TU Delft, Prof. B. Fereira

Energie Efficiëntie:Voorbeeld Energiezuinige Apparatuur

Bron: TU Delft, College Sustainable Power Engineering Prof. Fereira

17

Energie Efficiëntie:Duurzame Energie Gebruik

• Reduceren netverliezenTransmissie Spanning (33kV -> 161 kV)V li i 12 3 3 6 3 kVVerliezen in 12,3 3n 6,3 kV nettenLS netten en trafo verliezen reduceren

• Efficiënte Energie verbruik• Efficiënte Energie verbruikSpaar lampen……of LEDEnergie zuinige apparatuurEnergie zuinige apparatuurStandby Power uitschakelenZuinig en slim omgaan met energie gebruikg g g g


104

20




19





105

Energie Efficiëntie:

22

Energie Efficiëntie:Voorbeeld Verlichting

Bron: Osram GmbH; evg-spot 1/2007

21


Energie Efficiëntie:Voorbeeld Energiezuinige Apparatuur+ Eigen Opwekkingg p g



106

Energie Efficiëntie:24

Energie Efficiëntie:Innovatie in de Technologie


Energie Efficiëntie:Voorbeeld Gloeilamp vs. LED lamp

40 Watt

8 Watt

6 Watt

Bron: www.vron.nl


107

Voorbeeld energie zuinige trafo26

g gRated Capacity

(kVA) Efficiency

15 97

30 97.5

45 97.7

75 98

112.5 98.2

150 98.3

225 98.5

300 98.6

500 98.7

750 98.8750 98.8

1000 98.9

1500 -

2000 -

2500 -2500 -


Voorbeeld Standby Power


108

28

Aanbevelingen• Suriname zal ook mee moeten gaan met de nieuwe

technieken van sustainable en renewable power ivm

g

milieubehoud .

O d ij i t lli t h i l• Onderwijs instellingen moeten hun curriculumaanpassen m.b.t. duurzame energievoorziening.

• Bewustwording van de samenleving in duurzame energieenergie.

• Bedrijven moeten opgeleide technischeBedrijven moeten opgeleide technischemedewerkers inzetten ivm de snelle ontwikkelingen en besparingen.

27

Conclusies• In de energie voorzienings-sector zijn er grote

investeringen te verwachten in de komende jaren,g jvanwege groei en vervanging.miljoenen dollars.

• Er zal meer toepassing moeten plaatsvinden van duurzame energie opwekkingen, implementatie van hogere spanningen in transmissie om verliezen tehogere spanningen in transmissie om verliezen tereduceren. Ook reductie van verlies in distributie.

• Zonne energie en energie zuinige apparatuur genieten hoge prioriteit in de toepassing huishoudensgenieten hoge prioriteit in de toepassing huishoudensen industrie door innovatie technieken..


109

Energie Efficiëntie:

30

Energie Efficiëntie:Voorbeeld Verlichting

29

Samuel Mehairjan M.Sc.Samuel Mehairjan M.Sc.

Director Generation & TransmissionDirector Generation & TransmissionN VN V EnergieEnergie BedrijvenBedrijven SurinameSurinameN.V.N.V. EnergieEnergie BedrijvenBedrijven SurinameSuriname



Presentaties

energie indicatoren en ontbrekende Kennis (Data)

Cornel wijngaarde M.Sc.

111

Seminar:Seminar: Hernieuwbaar EnergiepotentieelHernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel enen‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname.‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname.

• OPBOUW PRESENTATIE1. Basis Energie Indicatoren

2. Andere Belangrijke Indicatoren

3. Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren

4. Ontbrekende Kennis/Data

5. Te Ondernemen Acties (voor ‘Business Opportunities’)( pp )

6. Stelling

Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 21-02-2010


Energie Indicatoren enEnergie Indicatoren enOntbrekende Kennis(Data)


112


• Andere belangrijke indicatoren

-Economische/Financiële (bv. Tarieven en inkomsten, gemiddeld inkomen per inwoner per gebied, BNP, ‘Rating’ van het land)

-Geografische en Demografische (bv. Locatie en samenstelling woongemeenschappen.

-Juridische (bv. Electriciteitswet)



• Basis Energie indicatoren

Opwekking,Netwerk

-Opgesteld vermogen,-Karakteristieken centrales (thermisch, hernieuwbaar,

l i )nucleair),-Karakteristieken Transmissie en distributie netwerk.

Belasting -Basis en Piek vermogen-Dag/Maand/Jaarbelastingskrommen.-Gemiddeld verbruik in kWh per inwoner-Vaststelling en Schatting groeipercentage



113


•• Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie IndicatorenSpecifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (2)

Zonne –energie: ± 5 kWh/m2/dag oftewel 18 MJoule/m2/dag.Slide 12, Slide 13,Slide 14,Slide 17



•• Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (1)Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (1)

Technisch (belangrijkste). Informatiebronnen(T h i h P kti h)

INDICATOR

ENERGIEBRON(Technisch en Praktisch).

WATER Hydrologische (debiet, snelheid,verval). Energieverbruik,netwerk G fi h li i

Min. NH, Min. OW&V (waterloopkundige dienst), AdeKUS (FTeW) NGO’s(DRES) UNDP MinGeografische ligging (FTeW), NGO s(DRES),UNDP, Min.RO/FOB.

ZON Zonne -intensiteit en duur .Energieverbruik, netwerk .Geografische ligging.

Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), AdeKUS(FTeW), UNDP, NGO’s (PAS, METS R t ) NASA b itMETS, Rotary), NASA website

BIOMASSA Welke ‘Bio-Energie Gewas’, veeteelt, bodemgesteldheid. Biomassa opbrengst Energieverbruik, netwerk.Geografische

Min. NH(EBS, Staatsolie), Min. LVV,AdeKUS(IGSR, FTeW), NGO’s.(Rotary e.a.).

liggingNGO s.(Rotary e.a.).

WIND WindsnelheidsprofielEnergieverbruik, netwerkGeografische ligging.

AdeKUS(FTeW), Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), NASA website(atmosferic research data)


data)


114


BRON Ontbrekende Technische en Practische Data (belangrijkste).

Overige• Ontbrekende Kennis(Data)

WATER Hydrologische (debiet, watersnelheid, verval) over enkele jaren gemeten. Bouwen en technisch managen van kleine waterkrachtcentrales onder specifieke omstandigheden.Energieverbruik gemeenschappen binnenland.

Bouwkosten en kWh prijs Sociaal, economisch en politieke managen .Milieu effecten.Wetgevingg g pp Wetgeving

ZON Gedetaileerde info Zonne -intensiteit en duur. Gedrag zonne-energie installaties (PV, thermisch) in het bos. Energieverbruik gemeenschappen binnenland.

Idem. (kostprijs en kWh prijs voor klein vermogen te achterhalen via privé gebruikers )gebruikers.)

BIOMASSA Opbrengst ‘Energie Gewas’ of biomassa (landbouw, veeteelt) voor gebruik op grote schaal.Energieverbruik gemeenschappen binnenland

Idem.

WIND Windsnelheidsprofiel aan de kust(mn. Galibi en Nw. Nickerie), Oostzijde Brokopondo stuwmeer e.a. relevante plaatsen.Energieverbruik gemeenschappen kuststreek buiten EBS verzorgingsgebied

Idem


EBS verzorgingsgebied.


•• Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie IndicatorenSpecifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (3)

Wind: Periode 9-18 u.(± 9 uren lang) windsnelheden gemeten tussen 6-8 m/s.

Galibi (okt.-dec. 2009) Slide 16, ook metingen te Nw. Nickerie Slide 15Galibi (okt. dec. 2009) Slide 16, ook metingen te Nw. Nickerie Slide 15

Biomassa: -Rijstkaf in Nickerie voldoende voor El. Centrale van 4 MWe. (Directe oplossing acuut milieu probleem)S ik i t l Bi f l St t li W i j t lit /h /j-Suikerriet als Biofuel –Staatsolie Wageningen project: liter/ha/jr.

-Jatropha Curcas als Biofuel, pilot projekt te Goejaba: liter/ha/jr

Water: Jaikreek-Tapanahony rivier waterkracht projekt. Schatting 400 MW.p y p j gGran Holo micro-waterkrachtprojekt. Schatting 100 kW. Slide 16Gran kriki small-waterkrachtprojekt. Schatting 15 MW. Puketi micro-Waterkrachtcentrale 40 kW. Slide 18Panato micro Waterkracht centrale( 20 kW?)Slide 21


Panato micro-Waterkracht centrale( 20 kW?)Slide 21


115


STELLING

Gebruik hernieuwbare energiebronnen als ‘Energy Security’ en niet zozeer als reductie ‘GHG’ in Suriname


GHG in Suriname.


Te Ondernemen Stappen.

Uitvoering geven aan aanbevelingen KEMA rapport (2008):Uitvoering geven aan aanbevelingen KEMA rapport (2008):

‘SURINAME POWER SECTOR ASSESSMENT AND ALTERNATIVES FOR ITS MODERNIZATION’ t.w.:

1. Instellen Nationaal Energie Instituut2. Instellen Electriciteits Tarieven Commissie

Aandachtsgebieden: -Stimulerings maatregelen voor gebruik herwinbare energie m.n. introduceren van subsidies en ‘Feed-in’

tarieven,

-Nationaal Energiefonds oprichten voor o.a. financiering wetenschappelijk onderzoek op het gebied van gebruik hernieuwbare energiebronnen.


-Aanpassing wetgeving.


116






117






118






119






120






121




PUKETI




Presentaties

De beheersing van de energievraag & hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel

van SurinameJohan geeraert

123

InhoudInhoud

• Rationeel gebruik van energieRationeel gebruik van energie• Hernieuwbare energie

De beheersing van de energievraag &De beheersing van de energievraag &hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel vanhernieuwbaar energiepotentieel vang pg p

SurinameSurinameJohan Geeraert, 1 feb 2010,Johan Geeraert, 1 feb 2010,

Stichting energie & duurzame ontwikkeling SurinameStichting energie & duurzame ontwikkeling Suriname


124

Wie gebruikt energie?Waarom? Hoeveel verbruiken ze?

• Energiegebruik om de levensfuncties te onderhoudenEnergiegebruik om de levensfuncties te onderhouden=> 109 w/capita

• Energiegebruik om de levensvoorwaarden te verbeteren– Globale primaire energiegebruik per capitap g g p p=> 2353 W/capita2007 of 22 energierobots/capita

– Primaire energieverbruik per capita van Suriname=> 3160 W/capita1999 of 29 energierobots/capita

InhoudInhoud



125

Drijvers van het energieverbruikDrijvers van het energieverbruik

TPED = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$)TPED N(capita) BNP(US$/capita.jaar) EI(J/US$)

Bevolking van Suriname( t ld j t d )

800,000

1,000,000(getelde en geprojecteerde)

400,000

600,000

200,000

,

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Geprojecteerde groeivoet 1,2% Geprojecteerde groeivoet 1,4% Geteld Expon. (Geteld)Bron: ABS, 2008, 2009


TPED(J/jaar) = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$)TPED(J/jaar) N(capita) BNP(US$/capita.jaar) EI(J/US$)

• TPED: Totale Primaire Energie vraagTPED: Totale Primaire Energie vraag• N: Bevolking• BNP: Bruto Nationaal ProductBNP: Bruto Nationaal Product• EI: Energie Intensiteit


126



t

Energie intensiteit:Totaal primair energieverbruik per gerealiseerde US$ BNP

253035

nten

siteit

5$(PPP

) Totaal primair energieverbruik per gerealiseerde US$ BNP

152025

nergie

inMJ/US 0

5

05

10En (

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Brazil French Guiana Guyana SurinameBron: EIA/DOE, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov



Bruto Nationaal Product purchasing power parity (PPP)van Suriname (Miljard US $)

4

5

$)

van Suriname (Miljard US $)

2

3

PP(G

US$

1

2

GDP

P

0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Bron: http://www.indexmundi.com/suriname/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html


127

Definitie:Rationeel Energie Gebruik of REG

• Bewust afzien van energiedienstenBewust afzien van energiediensten• Energie efficiëntie verhogen

– Primaire energiePrimaire energie

– Eindenergie

– Energiediensten


TPED= N * BNP * EITPED N BNP EI• Geen enkele exponentiële groeivoet is op termijnduurzaamduurzaam

• Positieve groeivoet loopt altijd uit de handG i d T t l P i i E i (TPED)• Groei van de Totale Primaire Energievraag (TPED)is functie van de:

Groeivoet Verdubbel/Groeivoet Verdubbel/halveer tijd

Toename bevolking 1,2% ...1,4% 50 jaar

T l t 7 5% 9 3 jToename welvaart2000 2009 7,5% 9,3 jaar

Vermindering energie intensiteit2000 2007 1,57% 44,6 jaar

TPED (J/jaar) 7,3% 9,6 jaar


128

REG PotentieelREG Potentieel• Wereld REG potentieel:

> Technisch: ~2/3e primaire energie=> Technisch: ~2/3e primaire energie• => Economisch: ~1/3e primaire energie• REG potentieel van Suriname:=> slechts zeven voorbeelden werdenuitgewerkt (spaarlampen, koelkasten A++,energiezuinige auto’s, transfo’s met lagereverliezen, WKK, … )=> verder onderzoek vereist

REG paradoxenREG paradoxen

• Niet altijd hebben zowel de verbruiker als deNiet altijd hebben zowel de verbruiker als desamenleving voordeel bij REG maatregelen

• Rebound Effect


129

Opbrengsten van zeven REGmaatregelen

13 680.23 0.3016 13.680.18

0.060.11

0.050.030 000.100.20

8101214

0.19 0.12

3.51 3.51

0.35 0.120.23 0.200.100.00

2468

0.19 0.12 0.120.300

Opbrengst van de REG maatregel(% van het energieverbruik in 1999 vanSuriname)Suriname)Kostenbesparing voor klant en samenleving(US $/kWh)

Netto REG opbrengst per bespaarde kWhenergie als functie van de totalekostenbesparing voor Suriname

0.25 WKK LM6000 extrapolatie

0.20

erkW

h$/kW

h)

pnaar Suralco

Nieuwe energiezuinige'

0.15

ingRE

Gpe

ergie(US$ auto's

(100 000)Distributietransfo's metlage nullastverliezen

0 05

0.10

enbe

spari

paarde

ene lage nullastverliezen

Energiezuinige koelkastenA+++

0.00

0.05

Kost

besp (150 000)

Spaarlampen ipvgloeilampen(500 000)

0 2 4 6

Som kostenbesparingen REG (% BNP 2008)

(500 000)WKK Staatsolie


130

InhoudInhoud


REG BesluitenREG Besluiten

• Het (als voorbeeld) onvolledigHet (als voorbeeld) onvollediggeïdentificeerde economisch REG potentieelvan Suriname bedraagt al ~18% van hetvan Suriname bedraagt al 18% van hetenergieverbruik.

• Er is bijkomend onderzoek nodig om het REG• Er is bijkomend onderzoek nodig om het REGpotentieel van Suriname te vervolledigen.E d f d• Er moet nagegaan worden of deenergieprijzen in Suriname aanzetten tot REG


131

Enkele basisconceptenEnkele basisconcepten

• Energie komt voor onder vorm van:g– voorraden of stocks (uitgedrukt in Joule)– stromen (uitgedrukt in Watt)

• De energievoorraden worden verder onderverdeeld in:– energiebronnen– energiereserves die economisch uitbaatbaar zijn aan de– energiereserves die economisch uitbaatbaar zijn aan dethans geldende marktprijzen en met de nu beschikbaretechnologie.

D i d i d i i• De uitdaging en dreiging:– niet zozeer de uitputting van de reserves aan fossielebrandstof

– wel de klimaatuitdaging die verplicht tot koolstofarmeenergiebevoorrading

Hernieuwbare energieHernieuwbare energie

• een antwoord op:een antwoord op:– veilig stellen van de nationale energiebevoorradingen industri le productie

– Koolstofarme energieopwekking

• specifieke Surinaamse situatie– Energiebalans: inport export– Betalingsbalans: $uit $in– Milieu: financiering via CDM– Merk: groene strategie


132

Energiebalans van onze aardeEnergiebalans van onze aardeEnergiebalans van onze aarde (TW)

(op basis van Stoy 1980; FfE)(op basis van Stoy, 1980; FfE)

175000

125000

150000

175000

82775

57225

25025

35 11 6 3 535025000

50000

75000

100000

-54250

-30450

-7525

-30975-21525

-4725 -5075 -9275 -10675

35 11,6 3,5

-175

-350

-75000

-50000

-25000

0

r r r k k n e k s d e n er d e m n )

ingop

de aa

rdatm

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Wind

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Terug u

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ten

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Terug uit

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Invall

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en 20

0

Getijde

Internationale klimaatuitdagingInternationale klimaatuitdaging

Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia


133

Wind energieWind energieVermogensdichtheid als functie van de

d lh d

600700

(W/m

2 ) windsnelheid

400500600

chtheid(

Vermogensdichtheid

200300400

ogen

sdic (W/m2)

Theoretisch maximum

0100

Verm

o

omvormbaarvermogen

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Windsnelheid (m/s)

Toepassingen van zonne energieToepassingen van zonne energie

• Elektriciteitsproductie met zonne energiee t c te tsp oduct e et o e e e g e– Thermodynamisch (stoom)(effici ntie ... 25%)

– Photo Voltaic(effici ntie 15%)( %)

• Thermische toepassingenp g– Warm water met een “zonneboiler”– Absorptiekoeling– Droogprocessen


134

BiomassaBiomassa

• Zonnestraling wordt door fotosyntheseZonnestraling wordt door fotosynthesegedeeltelijk omgezet naar chemische energiedie in biomassa vastgelegd wordtdie in biomassa vastgelegd wordt(effici ntie 0,2%)

• Theoretisch koolstofneutraal• Theoretisch koolstofneutraal• Verschillende soorten “feedstock”

• Hout(afval) als brandstof• Rijstkaf als brandstof

WaterkrachtWaterkracht

Parameters die het potentieel be nvloeden:a a ete s d e et pote t ee be oede :• Relatief hoogteverschil

– in Suriname eerder klein• Volume water

– Suriname = regenrijk gebied– De grensrivieren => grootste debiet (m3/s)– De afvoer ongelijkmatig verdeeld over het jaar

• 3 maanden => 50%• 6 maanden => 80%

Waterkrachtcentrales omvormrendementWaterkrachtcentrales omvormrendementmini: 60 80%, grote: 80 90%


135

Ruwe raming HernieuwbaarlEnergiepotentieel van Suriname

Theoretisch Technisch Economisch

MW GWhjaar

MW GWhjaar

MW GWhjaar

Waterkracht 7.987 2.419 120 ~900180450..650

15773350..4350

Biomassa: Afval van 16,5 144150.000 m³/jaarhoutexploitatie

,

Bi Af lBiomassa: Afval500.000 m³/jaarhoutexploitatie

50 432

Biomassa: Rijstkaf 6 7 59Biomassa: Rijstkaf 6,7 59

Zonne energie 34.129.167 100 100

Wind 12,5 25

Zwakke puntenh bvan hernieuwbare energie

• de hoge investeringskostende hoge investeringskosten• de inherente variabiliteit =>

sterk veranderend aanbod =>sterk veranderend aanbod =>beperkte beschikbaarheidsduurverschilt naargelang de soort:verschilt naargelang de soort:

– tussen 1.300 h/jaar voor PV– en 4.000 h/jaar voor waterkracht met dam

(Itaipu: 8.000 h/jaar!)

=> Verhoogt de kapitaalskosten per kW


136

Stichting Energie & DuurzameOntwikkeling Suriname

Doel: een bijdrage leveren aan de duurzameDoel: een bijdrage leveren aan de duurzameontwikkeling van Suriname

Door: o a wetenschappelijke publicatiesDoor: o.a. wetenschappelijke publicaties


Renewable energy potential and business opportunities in Suriname, 2-2010

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