Renewable Energy Policy in EU-27
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Transcript of Renewable Energy Policy in EU-27
Renewable Energy Policy in EU-27
An overview on the status 2008, the
implementations, development barriers and the
future
Cologne, 26th of May 2009
Frank Schillig
Director International Business Development Bio- & Solar Energy
RES-E policies in EU-27
Renewable Energy – a never ending story
What will you learn today? - content
- Who is Ecofys?
- What is RES-E/-H/-T?
- RES-Targets, -Status, -to-do (Outlook)
…and maybe some more ☺
RES-E policies in EU-27
Who is Ecofys?
• Founded in 1984
• > 1400 employees
• 20 countries
• turnover 2008: > 800 Mio. €
RES-E policies in EU-27
• Invoegen kaart Ecofys met vestigingen
• Aangeven waar wind expertise zit
• Globaal aangeven hoeveel mensen
Office network
Renewable Energy Policy in EU-27
An overview on the status 2008, the
implementations, development barriers and the
future
Cologne, 26th of May 2009
Frank Schillig
Director International Business Development Bio- & Solar Energy
RES-E policies in EU-27
Source: Ecofys based on data IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group III Report "Mitigation of Climate Change“ 07
Motivation I –
GHG abatement potential and costs
Potential GHG emissions avoided by 2030 for selected electricity
generation mitigation with estimated mitigation potential shares spread
across each cost range (2006 US$/tCO2-eq)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
OE
CD
EIT
non-O
EC
D
Fuelswitch
and plant
efficiency
Nuclear Hydro Wind Bioenergy Geothermal Solar PV
and CSP
CCS +
coal
CCS +
gas
Mit
iga
tio
n p
ote
nti
al;
to
tal
em
iss
ion
s s
ave
d i
n 2
03
0 (
GtC
O2
-
eq
)
World potential
50-100 $/tCO2-eq
20-50 $/tCO2-eq
0-20 $/tCO2-eq
<0 $/tCO2-eq
RES-E policies in EU-27
MotivationII –
RES-E targets & required increase
RES targets and increase required
34.0
%
13.0
%
16.0
%
13.0
%
13.0
%
30.0
%
25.0
%
38.0
%
23.0
%
18.0
%
18.0
%
13.0
%
16.0
%
17.0
%
42.0
%
23.0
%
11.0
%
10.0
%
14.0
%
15.0
%
31.0
%
24.0
%
14.0
%
25.0
%
20.0
%
49.0
%
15.0
%
12.2
%
10.6
%
6.6
% 11.2
%
15.0
%
12.6
%
15.2
%
16.7
%
11.3
%
11.6
%
8.1
% 13.1
%
10.2
%
7.7
% 13.4
%
8.4
%
9.8
%
11.7
%
10.2
%
14.5
%
6.2
%
9.3
% 14.5
%
13.4
%
13.0
%
19.0
%
8.9
%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Austri
aBel
gium
Bulga
riaC
ypru
sC
zech
Rep
.D
enm
ark
Eston
iaFi
nlan
dFr
ance
Ger
man
yG
reec
eH
unga
ryIre
land Ita
lyLa
tvia
Lith
uani
aLu
xem
bour
g
Mal
taN
ethe
rland
sPol
and
Portu
gal
Rom
ania
Slova
k R
ep.
Slove
nia
Spain
Swed
en UK
RES target 2020
RES increase required
RES-E policies in EU-27
Most relevant EU-framework
1. Directive 2003/87/EC (EU-ETS)
• EU-wide trade scheme for GHG (green house gas) emission allowances
• With increasing certificate prices, use of biomass might become economical feasible even without support schemes (e.g. co-firing)
2. RES Roadmap and proposed RES Directive
• Binding 20% RES target for EU in 2020 (10% biofuels) � large increase still needed!
• GoO (Guaranties of origin) trading scheme � harmonization of EU support schemes, but unlikely to be implemented fully
Legal framework
RES-E policies in EU-27
Overall rating legal framework EU 27 and Russia
Results of rating - legal framework
Legend
Positive
Average
Negative
Source: Ecofys
Policy
RES-E policies in EU-27
Policy Mechanisms
• Political
• Legislative
• Fiscal
• Financial
• Administrative
• Technology development
• Information and education
RES-E policies in EU-27
Overview of primary support for RES-E
Tenders
Certificate systems
Quota obligation
SI
Fiscalincentives
Feed-in tariffs
SK PL
CY(LA)
CZ
LT
MT
HU
EE BG
SIRO
BE
UK
ITSE
IEFI
UK
AT
DK FR
DE
ES
PTLU
GR
NL
FR
DK
IT
RES-E policies in EU-27
Best practice in RES-E policy
• Design of support mechanisms crucial to their success.
Important to implement best practice in policy design:
1. Removal of non-financial barriers (administrative, technical);
2. New support schemes should target just new RES-E capacity;
3. Guarantee, but strictly limit the duration of financial support;
4. Include full basket of available RES-E options;
5. Make support technology-specific; and
6. Set incentives to take account of and accelerate future cost reductions.
• The worlds of the feed-in and quota system are showing
signs of converging on these basic principles.
…where has this led to?
(Market overview & insights)
RES-E policies in EU-27
Example: Effectiveness and efficiency
of support for onshore wind
Source: OPTRES, 2007, European Commission (COM(2008)19 final)
• Effectiveness
and
efficiency
witnessed to
be highest in
FIT countries
But
• Less
experience
with Quota
obligations
• Design of
support
mechanism
crucial
RES-E policies in EU-27
Global wind energy capacity, new installation 2008
Canada
1.9 %
Spain
5.9 %
Germany
6.2 %
India
6.7 %
Rest of world
12.2 %
China
23.3 %
USA
30.9 %
Portugal
2.6 %
Italy
3.7 %France
3.5 % Vereinigtes
Königreich
3.1 %
Quelle: Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC):"GLOBAL WIND 2008 REPORT", Stand Frühjahr 2009
Development ofrenewable energy sources in Germany 2008
RES-E policies in EU-27
Worldmarkt photovoltaic, 2008
Spain; 2,511 MW
USA; 342 MW
Italy; 258 MW
Southk Korea;
274 MW
Germany;
1,100 MW
Czech Republic;
51 MW
Portugal; 50 MW
Japan; 230 MW
Belgium; 48 MW
France; 46 MW
New installed photovoltaic
2007: 2,400 MWp
2008: 5,500 MWp
Quelle: European Photovoltaic Industry Association, 24.3.2009
Development ofrenewable energy sources in Germany 2008
Some country examples…
RES-E policies in EU-27
Attractive RES-E tariffs solid biomass in
EU-27
RES-E tariffs for solid biomass plants in EU-27
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
IT
DE
LV
CZ
AT
ES
HU
IE
SK
CY
NL
PL
BG
RES-E tariff [€/MWh]
MIN
MAX
Legal framework
RES-E policies in EU-27
Level of support vs generation cost for
onshore wind
Source: OPTRES, 2007, European Commission (COM(2008)19 final)
RES-E policies in EU-27
Development ofrenewable energy sources in Germany 2008
3.4 3.4
6.4 6.6
3.74.2
7.0 7.3 7.36.1
0.6
0.5
0.30.3
0.2 0.2
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
2007 (14.0 %) 2008 (14.8 %) 2007 (7.5 %) 2008 (7.7 %) 2007 (7.3 %) 2008 (6.1 %)
electricity * heat ** biogenic fuels
[%
]
Hydropower Wind energy
Biomass Photovoltaics
Solar thermal energy Geothermal energy
*biomass: solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of w aste, landfill and sew age gas; **biomass: solid, liquid; gaseous biomass, biogenic share of w aste;
Deviations in the totals are due to rounding
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renew able Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat); Version: April 2009; all f igures provisional
2008 (14.8 %) 2008 (6.1 %)2008 (7.7 %)
RES-share in Germany 2007/2008
RES-E policies in EU-27
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Ele
ctr
icit
y g
en
era
tio
n [
GW
h]
Hydropower Wind energy Biomass* Photovoltaics
*Solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of w aste, landfill and sew age gas;
StrEG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Constuction Code; EEG:Renew able Energy Sources Act;
Electricity from geothermal energy is not presented due to the negligible quantities of electricity produced;
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renew able Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat); Version: April 2009; all f igures provisional
EEG
1 April 2000
EEG
1 August 2004
StrEG
1 January 1991
Amendment to BauGB
November 1997
EEG 2009
ex 1 January 2009
FEC
share
14.8 %
Development ofrenewable energy sources in Germany 2008
Electricity generation from
renewable energy in Germany I
RES-E policies in EU-27
from renewable energy sources in Germany, 2008
Hydropower
22.9 %
Photovoltaics
4.4 %
Biogenic solid fuels
11.4 %
Biogenic liquid fuels
1.6 %Biogas
7.7 %
Wind energy
44.3 %
Sewage gas
1.2 %Biogenic share
of waste
5.4 % Landfill gas
1.1 %
*Solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of w aste, landfill and sew age gas
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renew able Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat); Version: April 2009; all f igures provisional
Total: 91.4 TWh
Total biomass*: Approx. 29 %
Development ofrenewable energy sources in Germany 2008
Strcture of electricity supply in DE II
RES-E policies in EU-27
RES-E in Czech Republic 2008
• Preferred grid access; el. distributor obliged to buy
• Feed-in tariffs or green premium + selling on grey market
• Wind
– FIT: 2460 Kc/MWh (~93 €/MWh) for 20 years– premium: 1870 Kc/MWh (~70 €/MWh)
• Solar PV
– FIT: 13460 Kc/MWh (~506 €/MWh) for 20 years– premium: 12650 Kc/MWh (~476 €/MWh)
• biomass combusion plants
– FIT : 2430-4210 Kc/MWh (91-158 €/MWh) and is guaranteed for 20 years.– premium: 1150-2930 Kc/MWh (43-110 €/MWh)
• Biomass co-firing or parallel-firing: only premium
– Green premiums for co-firing: 240 - 1390 Kc/MWh (9-52 €/MWh)– Green premiums for parallel firing: 500 - 1650 Kc/Mh (19-62 €/MWh)
RES-E policies in EU-27
News I - Turkey
• Feed-in law in preparation; implementation
expected for this summer
• Green field PV
– 280 €/MWh for 10 years; 220 €/MWh for following 10 years
• PV on buildings
– Monthly electricity generation up to 3000 kWh: 450 €/MWh
– Up to 6000 kWh: 350 €/MWh
RES-E policies in EU-27
News II – Canada-Ontario
• New feed-in law expected
for this summer
Technology Proposed size tranches €/MWhe
Biomass* Any size 72
Biogas* <5 MW 87
> 5 MW 62
Hydropower* <50 MW 77
Community Based <2 MW 80
Landfill gas* <5MW 66
> 5 MW 61
Solar PV Rooftop <10 kW 476
10 - 100 kW 424
100 - 500 kW 377
> 500 kW 320
Ground Mounted . <10 MW 263
Wind Onshore Any size 80
Offshore Any size 113
Community Based . <10 MW 86
The future
RES-E policies in EU-27
International development:
EU RE-Road Map
• binding targets for 2020:
– 20% RE share (primary energy)
– 20% energy efficiency increase
– 20-30% CO2 reduction• How to reach 20% RE target? Sectoral projections (EREC):
– 35 – 40% RE electricity share
– min 25% RE heat share (!!!)
– min 12% RE fuels share (!)• Energy efficiency complementary (!)
RES-E policies in EU-27
RES-E Projection ...2020
Source: EU DG TREN
RES-E policies in EU-27
The future of policy?
•Harmonisation across EU long-term goal, but premature
today
•Full harmonisation could be based on either feed-in or quota
•Important to first implement best practice in RES-E policy
design and remove barriers
•Optimisation and coordination of policy between Member
States desirable
Thank you for your attention!
More information…
Frank Schillig, [email protected]
Director International Business Development
Solar & Bioenergy
RES-E policies in EU-27
Visit our stand Hall 8/R26