Renewable Energy in the Northwest ~ A Utility Perspective
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Transcript of Renewable Energy in the Northwest ~ A Utility Perspective
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Renewable Energy in the Northwest
~ A Utility Perspective
Thomas MacLean, Manager
Customer Renewable Energy Programs
August 27, 2008
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Renewable Energy in the Northwest
Opportunities by Size
Utility Scale
Distributed Commercial
Distributed Residential
Opportunities by Technology
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Utility Scale Renewable Resources
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PSE Wind Projects
Wild Horse:
229 MW
32% capacity factor
Kittitas County, WA
9000-acre footprint
127 Vestas V80 wind turbines
Klondike III:
223.6 MW Facility50 MW PSE share
80 GE 1.5 MW, 44 Siemens 2.3 MW, 1 MHI 2.4 MW
Owned/operated by PPM Energy
Hopkins Ridge:
150 MW
35% capacity factor
Columbia County, WA
11,000 acre footprint
83 Vestas V80 wind turbines
1.8 MW Capacity
220 feet tall at hub
350 feet to tip of blade
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Wild Horse Solar Demonstration ProjectLocated at Wild Horse Wind Farm near Ellensburg, WA
First utility-scale wind-solar facility in nation
Excellent sun - same solar resource as Houston
Already disturbed land
Existing transmission and operational synergies
Added tax benefits from co-location
500 kW Project – 300 homes at peak
Largest in the Pacific Northwest by a factor of three
~5 Acre footprint
$4-5 million in capital costs
90% of facility now operational;
final completion spring 2008
Primary Solar Site – Former quarry, too high for wind turbines (FAA airspace concerns)
Wind Farm Layout – 127 Turbines
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Renewable Energy in the Northwest
Looking Forward
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PSE Renewable Acquisition Strategy
≈85 aMW
≈240 aMW
10%
Future Renewable Acquisitions
Under Active Consideration
Existing PSE Renewables
PSE 10% Goal
RPS Requirement
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Pacific NW Renewable Projects
Renewable Northwest Project
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Renewable Energy in the Northwest
Caveats
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BPA Transmission Constraints
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Levelized Resource Cost Comparison
40
55
70
85
100
115
130
145
160
175
WindWind Natural GasNatural Gas HydroHydro System PPAsSystem PPAs
200820062004 200820062004 200820062004 200820062004
$44-62$76-106
$104-155
$60-85
$70-129
$102-174
$64-67$58-100
$79-164$42-74
$61-101
$74-11820-y
ear
Lev
eliz
ed C
ost
$/M
Wh
Notes:2004 prices represent Mid-C delivery. 2006 and 2008 prices represent deliveries to PSE’s systemSystem PPAs are offers that are shorter term in nature and not tied to a specific resource.
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Rising Wind Turbine Costs
Source: Berkeley Lab database.Thorndike Landing analysis.
Wind turbines comprise 60% of total project costs.
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Distributed Commercial
Renewable Energy in the Northwest
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Biomass -- Active Opportunities
Dairy Digesters
Wood Waste
Waste Water Treatment Plants
Landfill
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Distributed Commercial Renewables
Green Power Program
Support for new, regional, small renewables
REC-based program
Primary supplier is Bonneville Environmental Foundation
Provides customer choice
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Green Power – Sales Growth
Annual Green Power Megawatt-hours Sold
8,563
27,313
46,110
71,341
131,742
246,406
270,000
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Projection
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Dairy Digester ProjectLynden, Washington
Single Farm- Anaerobic Digester
First in Washington State
Number of units -1 Reciprocating engine
Nominal output 300 kW (potential to 450 kW)
Project output ~2,000 MWh
Project costs ~$1M ($4,000/kW)
1,500 Cows
PSE InvolvementPower Purchase
RECs
Interconnection
Construction completed fall 2004
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Distributed Residential
Renewable Energy in the Northwest
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Customer Owned Generation
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Growth in Customer Renewables
Total Net Metered Customers
2 7 12 18 24
4457
113
211
254
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008
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PSE Net Meter Customers
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PSE Solar Demonstration Projects
Schools
Environmental Centers
Other Buildings
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PSE “Green” Tariffs
Net Metering Services for Customer-Generator Systems (Schedule 150)
Net metering up to 100 KW
Surplus energy credited to customer bill
Eligible resources: wind, solar, anaerobic digester, hydro
Renewable Energy Production Incentive Payment Program (Schedule 151 works with either Schedule 150 or Schedule 91)
Production payments, meters AC energy before load
Eligible resources: wind, solar, anaerobic digester
Cogeneration and Small Power Production (Schedule 91)
Renewable production up to 2 MW
Current payment ~ $.077/kWh
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Renewable Energy in the Northwest
Emerging Technologies
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Concentrating Solar Power
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Proposed NW Geothermal
China Cap
Raft River
Willow Springs
Neal Hot Springs
Newberry Crater
Crump Geyser
Baker
Currently Operating: ~14 MW (Raft River)
In Development: ~ 150 MW
In Consideration: ~ 250 MW
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Wave & Tidal Power in the Northwest
Wave Projects
Makah Bay (Finavera)
OPT Reedsport (Ocean Power Tech.)
Douglas County (Wavegen)
OPT Coos County (Ocean Power Tech.)
Humboldt County (Finavera)
Tidal Projects
Race Rocks (Pilot)
Snohomish PUD (Planning)
Tacoma Power (Halted)
Willapa Bay (Planning)
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Puget Sound Algae – Blue Marble
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Technology Development
Concept Pilot Early Commercial
Favorable High Market Economics
Favorable Mass Market Economics
Solar PV
Dairy Digester
Fuel Cells
Wind
Traditional Biomass
Geothermal
Wave
Tidal
Algae
CPV
CSP Solar Thermal Electric
PHEV
Biomass Gasification
Batteries
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Technology Development and Financial Support
Concept Pilot Early Commercial
Favorable High Market Economics
Favorable Mass Market Economics
State&
Federal
• Basic research: UW/WSU• Identify Washington advantages.• Grants & partnerships with private entities.•Establish legal frameworks
• Government as Customer •Tax Credits for Investment (ITC)• Tax Credits for Production (PTC)• Tax Credits for Manufacturing RE (OR)• Promote export market• Reduce regulatory barriers.
Private
Founder Financing
Venture Capital
Commercial Financing
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Basic Research Funding
U.S. DOE Energy RD&D Spending FY1978-FY2009 Request
0.0
1000.0
2000.0
3000.0
4000.0
5000.0
6000.0
7000.0
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
mill
ion
200
0$
Hydrogen(EERE)
Electricty T&D
Fossil (includingCCT demo)
Renewables
Efficiency
Fusion
Fission
Source: Gallagher, K.S., "DOE Budget Authority for Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Database," Energy Technology Innovation Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, February 2008.
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Partnership Model for Early Commercial
Government•Funding•STEM Personnel•Disseminate Findings
UtilityMarket Access•Interconnection•Distribution•Customer•Safety and Reliability
Private Partner•Site and Resource•Enthusiasm•Production Responsibility
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Commercially available, depending on economics
Tested and shows good potential
Early testing with theoretical potential
X Target Market
TechnologyUtility Scale
Distributed Commercial
Distributed Residential
Wind X X
Solar X X XGeothermal X EES
Tidal X
Wave XBiomass Combustion X X
Biomass AD X XBiomass Gasification X
Algae X X
Fuel Cells X
Renewable Technology Outlook in the Northwest
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Renewable Energy in the Northwest
Discussion
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Resources Vary by Region