Renewable Energy Association of Botswana · emphasis on energy efficiency as managment strategy...

REABRenewable Energy Association of Botswana

Dr. Tobias Bader

Founding Secretary REAB

Lecturer & Head of Energy Research Group, BIUST

25/10/20181


Status of Renewable Energy in Botswana -Framework, Trends & Potential-

Renewable Energy Conference – Decentral Power Supply in Botswana

Masa Square Hotel, Gaborone, Botswana, 11th April 2019


Agenda

● Botswana in a nutshell

● Energy Supply in Botswana

● Solar Source and Potential

● Framework

● Higher Education

● Research

● Projects and Trends

25/10/20182 Dr. Tobias Bader


Agenda




● Framework


● Research




Botswana in a nutshell

● 600,370 km²: size of France ● Currency: Pula (BWP)

● Population: 2,3 million (2017), +1.87 % lowest population density in Africa

● Oldest democracy in Africa: multiparty democracy, Independence 1966

● Peace: never fought a conventional war, low crime rate

● Upper middle-income country: $7,760 GDP per capita ($17,300 world avg)

9% of GDP invested in education (highest in the world)

● Economic growth: avg 5% p.a in last decade, forecast 4-5 % until 2021

driven by mining, construction, services sector, intensified public investments

● Highest levels of income inequality: poverty 16%, vulnerable 30%, Gini 0.52

● Corruption index: no 34 out 180 countries (e.g. Italy 53, Spain 41)

● Exports: diamonds 89%, nickel, electrical equipment, meat

but: 80% of population relies on agriculture


So

urc

e:

ww

w.w

orl

db

an

k.o

rg/e

n/c

ou

ntr

y/b

ots

wa

na

/ov

erv

iew

So

urc

e:

Lyn

ett

e N

tuli

-W

ord

Pre

ss.c

om


Botswana in a nutshell

● 600,370 km²: size of France ● Currency: Pula (BWP)

● Population: 2,3 million (2017), +1.87 % lowest population density in Africa

● Oldest democracy in Africa: multiparty democracy, Independence 1966

● Peace: never fought a conventional war, low crime rate

● Upper middle-income country: $7,760 GDP per capita ($17,300 world avg)

9% of GDP invested in education (highest in the world)

● Economic growth: avg 5% p.a in last decade, forecast 4-5 % until 2021

driven by mining, construction, services sector, intensified public investments

● Highest levels of income inequality: poverty 16%, vulnerable 30%, Gini 0.52

● Corruption index 2018: no 34 out 180 countries (e.g. Italy 53, Spain 41)

● Exports 2018: diamonds 89%, nickel, electrical equipment, meat

but: 80% of population relies on agriculture


So

urc

e:

ww

w.w

orl

db

an

k.o

rg/e

n/c

ou

ntr

y/b

ots

wa

na

/ov

erv

iew


Botswana



Botswana

● Botswana

● Renewable Energy Resources

● Framework (Vision 2036, NDP, Legislation)

● Higher Education (BIUST, AIR, REmodules

● Research (BIUST (UU, THI, Debswana, Innovation Hub, BITRI, UB,

Energy Audits)

● Mining





So

urc

e: n

atu

re.c

om

/natu

repla

nts

, 2

01

8

Chapmans Baobab


25/10/201810 Dr. Tobias Bader So

urc

e: n

atu

re.c

om

/natu

repla

nts

, 2

01

8

Climate Change in Botswana

* 616

† 7.1.2016

Age: 1400 yrs


Agenda




● Framework


● Research




25/04/2019Lecture Layout - Building Energy Efficiency - Dr. T. Bader -12

Energy consumption dominated by fossil coal and wood

So

urc

e: K

ira

vu

C. e

t a

l., T

ow

ard

s s

usta

ina

ble

en

erg

y m

an

ag

em

en

t in

Bo

tsw

an

a,

Univ

ers

ity o

f B

otw

an

a,

(n.d

.)

Ja

in P

. K

., A

Ca

se

fo

r S

ola

r E

ne

rgy in

Bo

tsw

an

a,

Wo

rksh

op

pro

mo

tin

g C

lim

ate

Te

ch

an

d C

arb

on

Ma

rke

t, G

ab

oro

ne

, B

ots

wa

na

(2

00

9)

SA

PP

20

15

● Vast reserves of coal (~ 212 billion tons)

82% of Botswana`s electricity from coal

Subsidised

● Installed capacity: 892 MW (2017)

coal-fired plant in Palapye:

Morupule A: 130 MW, Morupule B: 600MW

● Operating capacity: 410 MW (2017)

● Electric capacity sufficient for demands in grid connected towns and villages

However: generation deficits as a result of technical challenges in the past

● Refined petroleum products imported – no own reserves

Conventional Source


Sourc

e:

htt

ps:/

/ww

w.a

fric

a-e

u-r

en

ew

ab

les.o

rg/m

ark

et-

info

rmatio

n/b

ots

wana/e

nerg

y-s

ecto

r/

● Inefficient transmission and distribution of electricity to remote locations electric power transmission and

distribution losses are 79%(cf. USA 6%, India 24% in India)Source: World Bank statistics

● Grid tied electricity generation

● Grid network developed in the east of the

country

● No electricity access in rural areas

foremost in the South-West

and the North-East

insufficiently developed ground transport

links and cost of transportation

Basic necessity for decentral grids in rural areas

Electricity Grid

Source: World Bank statistics


.

Energy Access

● 43% of population relies on fire wood

● Rural Electrification – 402 of 554 Villages (73%)

● Electricity Access – December 2018

Urban – 72 %

Rural – 58.6 %

National – 65.3 %

● Current trends 2030 (estimation DoE):

200,000 households still without electricity access in 2030

300,000 households without access to clean cooking

Access to clean energy for heating at 18%.

So

urc

e:

De

pa

rtm

en

t o

f E

ne

rgy

Bo

tsw

an

a,

20

19

, Pre

sen

tati

on

to

Na

tio

na

l S

tak

eh

old

er

Fo

rum

on

En

erg

y E

ffic

ien

cy


Botswana Electric Demand Forecast

Sourc

e:h

ttps:/

/ww

w.u

sea.o

rg/s

ites/d

efa

ult/f

iles/e

vent-

/Bots

wana%

20P

ow

er%

20S

ecto

r.pdf

● Growing electricity demand

growing urbanisation

government focus on developing manufacturing

industries for economic diversification from diamonds

.

Electricity Demand


.

Electricity Market

Mining : 25,6 %

Households: 31,2 %

Commercial: 33,7 %

Government: 9,5 %

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR

● Electricity Mix BPC ● Electricity Consumption by Sector

So

urc

e:

Sta

tist

ics

Bo

tsw

an

a 2

01

8


.

Energy Market

Government

Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology & Energy Security

Generation and Distribution

Department of Energy Affairs (DoE)

RE Division EE Division

So

urc

e:

Min

istr

y o

f M

ine

ral

Re

sou

rce

s, G

ree

n T

ech

no

log

y

an

d E

ne

rgy

Se

curi

ty B

W

Established Oct 2017


.

Electricity Tariffs

So

urc

e:

BP

C t

ari

ffs

20

18

, ww

w.b

pc.

bw

, st

atu

s A

pri

l 2

01

8, a

cce

sse

d ,

09

/04

/20

19

Tariff in [US $ / kWh]

Category Fixed Chargeper month

Energy Chargeup to 200kWh more than 200kWh

Demand Charge*

Per kW

Domestic 0.077 0.107 -

up to 500kWh more than 500kWh

Small Business 0.0931 0.138 -

Medium Business 0.070 19.72

Large Business 0.063 18.65

Government 0.197 -

Water Pumping 0.142 -

*The charge payable is calculated from the actual demand supplied or from 80% of the peak demand recorded in the previous 12 months, whichever is greater

(1 USD = BWP 10)

http://www.bpc.bw/


Agenda




● Framework


● Research




Installed Renewable Capacities

Botswana

Namibia South Africa

PV: 4.5 MWp (<1%)

PV: 21.0 MWp (3.2 %)

Wind: 0 MW (0 %)

Hydro: 342 MW (52 %)

PV: 1,637.0 MWp (3.3%)

Wind: 1,500 MW (3%)

Hydro: 690 MW (1.4%)

So

urc

e:

IRE

NA

, Re

ne

wa

ble

Ca

pa

city

Sta

tist

ics,

ww

w.g

lob

al-

clim

ate

sco

pe

.org

Hydro: 0 MW (0 %)

Wind: 0 MW (0 %) Estimated, Status: 2018

Status: 2017


● Excellent conditions for solar energy

mainly for water heating, lighting,

cooling and further commercial energy

services

● Potential role of solar energy

to cover energy requirements

in rural villages (→ off-grid)

its exploitation could ease the

pressure on the use of woodfuel.

Increased potential due to drop

in technology costs (e.g. PV prices)

●

Average yearly sum (4/2004 – 3/2010)

Solar source

highly under-utilized

uptake of solar

energy at 0.23%.

So

urc

e: w

ww

.so

larg

is.in

fo

Abundant

sunshine

3,200 hrs/a

>300 days/a in avg.

5.83 kWh/m2 per day

21 MJ/m2 per day

Solar Resource


Photovoltaic Power Potential

ww

w.g

lob

als

ola

ratl

as.

info

Solar Resource Map Botswana


Power Outages

2010 data, current outage situation controlled, however threat due to

dependencies of electricity imports from neighbouring countries and developments

Indicator

Percentage of firms experiencing electrical outages [%] 92.4

Number of electrical outages per month 4.1

Duration of a typical electrical outage [h] 2.7

Average losses due to electrical outages [% of annual sales] 3.7

Percentage of firms owning or sharing a generator [%] 34.5

If generator is used, average proportion of electricity from a

generator [%]

7.4

En

terp

rise

Su

rve

ys

(htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

nte

rpri

sesu

rve

ys.

org

), T

he

Wo

rld

Ba

nk

.

Status: 2010


Agenda




● Framework


● Research




Industry Associations


Chairman: Felix Chavaphi (Energy Systems Group)

Secretary: Karen Gibson (SoSolar)

Treasurer: Herman Ngwenya (Capricorn Solar)

● Aim

facilitate wide scale use of solar in Botswana

● Main Objectives

◎ Dissemination of solar industry information

◎ Foster high standards of practice in design,

installation, manufacture and maintenance

◎ Cultivate highest ideals and ethics in industry

● 25 members including Executive Committee

● MoU with Department of Energy, GIZ and

German Solar Association

Est. 2006 Est. 2018

Chairman: Prof Tunde Oladrian (BIUST)Vice Chairman: Felix Cavaphi (Energy Systems Group)Secretary: Dr Tobias Bader (BIUST)Treasurer: Anthony Garden (Frensch Connection)

● Aim foster the diffusion of RE technologies and innovation in Botswana

● Main Objectives◎ Renewable energy communication & PR◎ Develop an improve RET related products,

processes and◎ Initiate the implementation of RET industry

standards through BOBS◎ Deliver RET information and education

services

● Currently under construction


Political Background


● Paris Agreement (UNFCCC)

CO2-emissions ↓ by 15% (2010 2030)

base year emission estimation: 8307 Gg of CO2 equivalent

● Mining Sector = 82% of CO2 emissions in the industry sub-sector

Diamond mining is the largest kind of Mining in Botswana

extraordinary importance

● No Renewable Energy Law

● BW government agreement with World Bank:

Renewable Energy Strategy developed

Energy Efficiency Strategy developed

● Knowledge Based Economy: Human resource development for to promote use of

science, technology and innovation


Vision 2036

2036Energy

situation

energy security

net energy exporter

energy sector is transformed

exploitation of renewable resources

diversified safe and clean energy sources

minimisation of the emission of greenhousegases

emphasis on energy efficiency as managment strategy

renewables complement use of non-renewable resources

conducive environment with policy and legislation is created, to

allow for and facilitate private-public partnerships and investment

in clean energy technology and

renewable energy sources

Sustainable Energy

2017

Availability

Accessibility

Safety

Affordability

Reliability

Pillar 3

Environment-friendly

25/10/201827

So

urc

e: V

isio

n 2

03

6

Dr. Tobias Bader


National Development Plan 11


2017-2023

● Promotes increased Energy Efficiency and integration of RE in power mix

● Develop cost effective and environmentally sustainable sources of energy

generation

● Finish developing comprehensive renewable energy strategy aimed at

facilitating investments in the sector

● Solar power seen as off-grid solution and indicates that electricity subsidies

will continue in low income urban, semi-urban, and rural areas.

Bankable Feasibility Study for a 200MW Concentrated

Solar Thermal Power Plant in Botswana

A Feasibility Study for Production and Use of Biofuels in Botswana

Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff for Botswana

So

urc

e: N

DP

11


Strategies, Policies, Acts & Regulations


Electricity Supply Act(1973, amended in 2007)

● Amendment allowed for inclusion of IPPs.

● Allowed to generate up to 100kW with no license6

SE4All

● Overall aim for Botswana to reach high-income statues

Botswana Energy Master Plan (1996, reviewed 2003)

● outlines various goals for rural electrification including the efficient use of renewable energy63

National Energy Policy (Draft, 2015)

● adopted by the Cabinet in 2015. Highlights the importance of developing renewable energy sources for improved security of energy supply.

● promotes energy efficiency measures throughout all sectors of the economy.6

Biomass Energy Strategy (2009, supported by GIZ)

● outlines biomass energy demand, woody and non-woody biomass supply, potential interventions

● comprehensive strategy for the utilization of biomass energy resources.

So

urc

e:

htt

ps:

//w

ww

.afr

ica

-eu

-re

ne

wa

ble

s.o

rg/


Botswana Energy Targets


Pillar Target by 2030

Energy

Access

• 100% of households have access to electricity

• Clean, efficient, and affordable cooking options are available

to all households who wish to use them

Energy

Efficiency

• 18% reduction in final energy consumption relative (BAU)

baseline.

Renewable

Energy

• 15% of electricity (on-grid and off-grid) to be generated from

renewable sources.

• Working towards its Vision 2036 goal, the Government will

support renewable sources throughout the energy sector

including transport and heat fuels.

So

urc

e:

De

pa

rtm

en

t o

f E

ne

rgy

Bo

tsw

an

a,

20

19

, Pre

sen

tati

on

to

Na

tio

na

l S

tak

eh

old

er

Fo

rum

on

En

erg

y E

ffic

ien

cy


Agenda




● Framework


● Research




Vision Knowledge Society / Diversification


Societal Transformation

Knowledge Economy

Diversified Economy

Resource based Economy

AgriculturalEconomy

Research and Innovation

Knowledge Workers

Quality skilled Labour

Semi-skilled Labour

Unskilled

Labour


BIUST RE & EE Undergraduate Modules


Selected Modules related to Energy Innovationin the field of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

● Energy Efficiency and Management

Energy Efficiency of Equipment, Heating, Cooling, Industry etc.

● Energy Efficient Buildings

Thermal Comfort, Building Envelope, Climate responsive Building,

Heating and Cooling Load, Building Energy Audit etc.

● Renewable Energy Technologies

Solar Radiation Basics, Solar PV, Solar Thermal Heat, CSP,

Wind Energy, Hydropower, Biogas, Solid Biomass etc.

● Solar Engineering

Planning of Solar PV System, Solar Thermal Systems

● Smart Grid

Smart Meters, Distributed Power Systems, Smart Appliances etc.

● Technology And Innovation Management

Innovation Assessment, S-Curve, Creativity Methods, Technology Diffusion


25/10/201834

Dr. Tobias Bader

Objectives

• Develop labour market-relevant tailor-made curricula for undergraduate study courses in RET

• Development of a labour market-relevant tailor-made concept for an international master's programme in RET.

• Exchange Master and PhD Students

Project Overview

Duration Januar 2016 - December 2019

Total Budget € 680,000

Grant € 400,000

Funding BMZ

Implementer & Funding Programme

8 Partner Universities

Academic Initiative for Renewables



Student Exchange


Agenda




● Framework


● Research





Modular community energy grid

● Project: SolarFIN2Go

● Fund: Innovate UK, 1 million £

● Partner: Ulster University UK

● Industry: UK, Poland, Botswana

● Village: Jamataka

● FinTech Approach based on cloud and blockchain tech pay-as-you-go solution

● Develop a village energy hub

● SolaCatcher, PV Module, Energy Storage

● Standalone fully controlled grid network


Solar PV Air-conditioning


Development of climate-responsive energy efficient building solutions with solar-PV-driven air-conditioning for conservation of national collections.

Partners and Funding requested!

Solar Air Conditioning Sustainability Energy Efficiency

Maun-Campus

Simulation Training Building Codes

Maun-Herbarium

Non Residential Buildings in Botswana


Botswana Institute for Technology Research & Innovation


World class Solar Thermal Testing Facility (STTF)

Research and Development of Solar Thermal Systems

Perform all outdoor technical tests

Strictly following internationals standards and testing procedures




Solar Thermal System R&D focus:

Thermal collectors

● High efficient fully façade and roof integrated thermal collector with stagnation protection mechanism

● Glazed Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collector with improved thermal performance and high reliability

Thermal storage

● Cost-effective water storage with increased efficiency, improved insulation and simplified design with further improved poly-generation based systems.

Outdoor test on Solar Thermal Collectors in compliance with international standards:

● Thermal Collector Quality Test

● Thermal Collector Performance Test and

● Thermosiphon System performance Test

Performance Test of four (4) systems simultaneously according to ISO 9459-2/ 5 of




Quality/Durability Tests according to ISO 9806 Standard:

1. Rain Penetration Test

2. Impact Resistance Test

3. Internal Pressure Test

4. Exposure Test

5. Load Mechanical Test

6. External Thermal Shock Test

7. Stagnation Test

Accreditation in accordance to ISO 17025:2015 with SADC Accreditation Services.


Botswana Innovation Hub


Clean Technologies (Focus Sector 1)

catalysing activities related to clean technologies, energy and environmental R&D and commercial activities

● environmental protection ● renewable energy● cleaner coal● water conservation● waste management.

Innovative and networked organisation that promotes technology, entrepreneurship and commercialisation on a purpose built Science and Technology Park.


Agenda




● Framework


● Research




2MWp Airport Junction



Sustainable Diamond Mining


● Megatrend: Sustainability in global luxury good market

● Luxury Consumers: “multiple choices”,“disenchanted”,“competent”

“demanding” ,“selective” “holistic”

● more and more green consumers avoid products that

are likely to cause damage to the environment during supply chain

consume a disproportionate amount of energy

cause unnecessary waste etc.

● Diamonds needs to be ethically correct, but also environmentally attractive

● Diamond Mining will drive Renewable Transition

Value of diamonds in the future also depends on

environmental impact and energy use


Energy Demand Projection


Source: Department of Energy Botswana, 2019, Presentation to National Stakeholder Forum on Energy Efficiency


Electricity Generation Capactiy Outlook


Source: Department of Energy Botswana, 2019, Presentation to National Stakeholder Forum on Energy Efficiency


Renewable Energy Projects


So

urc

e:

De

pa

rtm

en

t o

f E

ne

rgy

Bo

tsw

an

a,

20

19

, Pre

sen

tati

on

to

Na

tio

na

l S

tak

eh

old

er

Fo

rum

on

En

erg

y E

ffic

ien

cy

● Rollout of 145000 Off-Grid products and packages

● Solar Mini-grids (65MW)

● 100MW Solar Power Plant

● Rooftop Solar Deployment Programme

● Biodiesel Production Project

● Waste to Energy Feasibility Study

In pipeline of Department of Energy (NDP 2017-2023)


Thank you


Renewable Energy Association of Botswana · emphasis on energy efficiency as managment strategy...

Documents

Transcript of Renewable Energy Association of Botswana · emphasis on energy efficiency as managment strategy...