Renewable Energy After COP21: Nine Issues for Climate Leaders to Think About on the Journey Home

7/23/2019 Renewable Energy After COP21: Nine Issues for Climate Leaders to Think About on the Journey Home

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X`iobrd Ol`fhlrj

F`fl `ssuls ger

ic`kbtl clbdlrs

te to`fa bheut

ef tol meurfly

oekl

Xlflwbhcl lflrjy

bgtlr IE^82



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 2

IE^82 `f ^br`s

`s evlr.Few `t‐s hbia te tol obrd wera eg

g`jot`fj ger, bfd `kpclklft`fj,

tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf.

Zl bcc afew tobt tol trbfs`tèf bwby grek gess`c gulcs `s aly te kb`ftb`f`fj b c`vbhcl

pcbflt. Ylvlrbc erjbf`zbtèfs obvl gerkucbtld prepesbcs ger trbfs`tèf`fj te 2>> plrilft

rlflwbhcl lflrjy1 sekl eg toesl prepesbcs geius ef tol fbtèfbc clvlc, sekl tol stbtl

clvlc, wo`cl b glw ceea bt tol jcehbc iobcclfjl.

Dbv`d Gr`dcly (stbgg si`lft`st eg tol lflrjy bfbcys`s prejrbk bt Cbwrlfil Hlralcly

Fbtèfbc Cbherbtery) bfd @ obvl hllf wera`fj ger tol pbst glw keftos te bfbcyzl bfd

bsslss kbfy eg toesl prepesbcs, bfd te d`j dllplr `fte lflrjy trbfs`tèf `ssuls—

pbrtìucbrcy oew eur usl eg lflrjy w`cc flld te bdbpt `f b ~2>> plrilft rlflwbhcl guturl.

Zl obvl b heea `f tol weras, t`tcld Eur Xlflwbhcl Guturl, tobt lxbk`fls tol

bdmustklfts sei`lty w`cc obvl te kbal `f tol trbfs`tèf te flw lflrjy seurils. Zl

stbrtld to`s premlit w`to sekl jlflrbc ufdlrstbfd`fj eg tol càlcy iefstrb`fts bfd

eppertuf`t`ls f to`s trbfs`tèf1 flvlrtolclss, rlslbrio`fj bfd wr`t`fj Eur XlflwbhclGuturl obs hllf b meurfly eg d`sievlry. Bcefj tol wby, wl `dlft`g`ld fet efcy tliofìbc

`ssuls rlqu`r`fj kerl bttlftèf, hut bcse `kpertbft `kpcìbtèfs ger bdveibiy bfd pecìy.

Zobt geccews `s b soert sukkbry—tb`cerld kestcy te tol \f`tld Ytbtls—eg wobt wl‐vl

clbrfld, bcefj w`to sekl rliekklfdbtèfs.




2. Zl rlbccy flld b pcbf1 fe, cets eg tolk

Jlrkbfy obs brjubhcy biiekpc`sold kerl tewbrd tol trbfs`tèf tobf bfy etolr fbtèf

cbrjlcy hlibusl `t obs b pcbf—tol Lflrj`lwlfdl. To`s pcbf tbrjlts b 7> plrilft rlduitèf

`f bcc gess`c gulc usl (fet must `f tol lclitrì`ty sliter) hy 8><>, bio`lv`fj b <> plrilft iut

`f evlrbcc lflrjy usl toreujo lggì`lfiy `f pewlr jlflrbtèf (gess`c gulcld pewlr pcbfts

lftb`c oujl cessls), hu`cd`fjs, bfd trbfspert. @t‐s fet b plrglit pcbf, `f tobt `t rlbccy

soeucd b`k o`jolr tobf 7> plrilft. Hut `t‐s hlttlr tobf feto`fj, bfd tol lggert `s egg te b

jeed stbrt. Bctoeujo tol \f`tld Ytbtls obs b stbtld jebc eg jlflrbt`fj 8> plrilft eg `ts

lclitrì`ty grek rlflwbhcl seurils hy 8>9>, `t dels fet obvl bf lqu`vbclft eggì`bc pcbf.

Z`toeut `t, wl brl bt b s`jf`gìbft d`sbdvbftbjl.

Zobt weucd b pcbf de5 @t weucd `dlft`gy tol cew-obfj`fj gru`t, soew oew rlseurils flld

te hl bcceibtld, bfd `dlft`gy flldld pecì`ls. Zl weucd eg ieursl flld te rlv`sl tol pcbfgrlqulftcy bs wl jb`fld prbitìbc lxplr`lfil (bs Jlrkbfy `s de`fj).

Zobt geccews brl sekl iekpeflfts eg b pess`hcl pcbf, hbsld ef wera bcrlbdy defl hy

kbfy rlslbriolrs `f tol \f`tld Ytbtls bfd lcslwolrl1 gbr kerl dltb`c (w`to t`klc`fls,

iest siolducls, bfd pecì`ls) weucd hl rlqu`rld ger b gclsold-eut vlrsèf. @t jreups tbsas

`fte clvlcs eg d`ggìucty1 wera weucd flld te iekklfil r`jot bwby ef tbsas bt bcc clvlcs eg

d`ggìucty, hut ger pcbff`fj purpesls `t‐s uslguc te afew wobt ibf hl bio`lvld rlcbt`vlcy

quìacy bfd iolbpcy, bfd wobt w`cc tbal cefj, lxplfs`vl, sustb`fld lggert.

Clvlc Efl= Tol –lbsy‛ stugg

Flbrcy lvlryefl bjrlls tobt tol lbs`lst wby te aìa-stbrt tol trbfs`tèf weucd hl te

rlpcbil iebc w`to secbr bfd w`fd pewlr ger lclitrì`ty jlflrbtèf. Tobt weucd rlqu`rl

hu`cd`fj cets eg pbflcs bfd turh`fls wo`cl rljucbt`fj iebc eut eg lx`stlfil. D`str`hutld

jlflrbtèf bfd sterbjl (reegtep secbr pbflcs w`to oekl- er hus`flss-sibcl hbttlry pbias)

w`cc olcp. Xlpcbi`fj fbturbc jbs w`cc hl obrdlr, hlibusl jbs-g`rld –plba`fj‛ pcbfts brl

egtlf usld te hugglr tol `ftlrk`ttlfiy eg `fdustr`bc-sibcl w`fd bfd secbr `fputs te tol

jr`d (sll Clvlc Twe).




Yeuril= @ftlrfbtèfbc Lflrjy Bjlfiy1 \.Y. Lflrjy @fgerkbtèf Bdk`f`strbtèf.

Lclitrì`ty biieufts ger clss tobf b qubrtlr eg bcc g`fbc lflrjy usld `f tol \.Y. Zobt bheut

tol rlst eg tol lflrjy wl dlplfd ef5 Y`fil secbr, w`fd, oydre, bfd jletolrkbc preduil

lclitrì`ty, `t kbals slfsl te lclitr`gy bs kuio eg eur lflrjy usbjl bs wl ibf. Ger

lxbkpcl, wl ieucd olbt bfd ieec kest hu`cd`fjs w`to lclitrì b`r-seuril olbt pukps(rlpcbi`fj fbturbc jbs- er e`c-gulcld gurfbils). Zl ieucd bcse hlj`f sw`tio`fj eut bcc eur

jbs ieea`fj stevls w`to lclitrì stevls.

Trbfspertbtèf rlprlslfts b cbrjl swbto eg lflrjy iefsukptèf, bfd plrsefbc

butekeh`cls biieuft ger kest eg tobt. Zl ieucd rlduil e`c iefsukptèf suhstbft`bccy `g

wl bcc drevl lclitrì ibrs (rlpcbi`fj 8<> k`ccèf jbsec`fl-gulcld butekeh`cls w`cc tbal

t`kl bfd kefly, hut w`cc lvlftubccy rlsuct `f lflrjy bfd g`fbfi`bc sbv`fjs). Hut

preket`fj wbca`fj, hìyic`fj, bfd puhcì trbfs`t w`cc tbal kuio clss t`kl bfd

`fvlstklft, bfd hl gbr kerl sustb`fbhcl `f tol cefj-tlrk.

Hu`cd`fjs w`cc rlqu`rl suhstbft`bc rltreg`tt`fj ger lflrjy lggì`lfiy (to`s w`cc bjb`f tbal

t`kl bfd `fvlstklft, hut w`cc egglr st`cc kerl eppertuf`t`ls ger sbv`fjs). Hu`cd`fj iedls

soeucd hl strlfjtolfld te rlqu`rl flt-zlre lflrjy er flbr-flt-zlre-lflrjy plrgerkbfil

ger flw iefstruitèf. Kerl lflrjy-lggì`lft bppc`bfils w`cc bcse olcp.




Tol geed systlk `s b h`j lflrjy iefsuklr, w`to gess`c gulcs usld `f tol kbfugbitur`fj eg

glrt`c`zlrs, `f geed preilss`fj, bfd trbfspertbtèf. Zl ieucd rlduil b cet eg tobt gulc

iefsukptèf hy `firlbs`fj tol kbralt sobrl eg erjbfì, ceibc geeds. Zo`cl wl‐rl bt `t, wl

ieucd hlj`f slqulstlr`fj lferkeus bkeufts eg btkespolrì ibrhef `f tepse`c hy

preket`fj gbrk`fj prbitìls tobt hu`cd se`c rbtolr tobf dlpcltl `t.

@g wl jet b jeed stbrt `f bcc tolsl brlbs, wl ieucd bio`lvl bt clbst b 4> plrilft rlduitèf

`f ibrhef lk`ssèfs `f tlf te twlfty ylbrs.

Clvlc Twe= Tol obrdlr stugg

Yecbr bfd w`fd tliofecej`ls obvl b drbwhbia= toly prev`dl lflrjy `ftlrk`ttlftcy. Zolf

toly hliekl dek`fbft w`to`f eur evlrbcc lflrjy k`x, wl w`cc obvl te biiekkedbtl tobt

`ftlrk`ttlfiy `f vbrèus wbys. Zl‐cc flld suhstbft`bc bkeufts eg jr`d-clvlc lflrjy

sterbjl bs wlcc bs b kbmer jr`d evlrobuc te jlt tol lclitrì`ty sliter te ?> plrilft

rlflwbhcls (tolrlhy rlpcbi`fj fbturbc jbs `f lclitrì`ty jlflrbtèf). Zl‐cc bcse flld te

stbrt t`k`fj eur lflrjy usbjl te hlttlr ie`fi`dl w`to tol bvb`cbh`c`ty eg sufc`jot bfd

w`fd lflrjy. Tobt `f `tslcg w`cc prlslft heto tliofecejìbc bfd hlobvèrbc ourdcls.

Lclitrì ibrs bs`dl, tol trbfspert sliter w`cc rlqu`rl cefjlr-tlrk bfd seklt`kls kerl

lxplfs`vl suhst`tutèfs. Zl ieucd rlduil eur flld ger ibrs (woìo rlqu`rl b cet eg lflrjy

ger tol`r kbfugbiturl bfd dl-iekk`ssèf`fj) hy dlfs`gy`fj eur i`t`ls bfd suhurhs bfd

rler`lft`fj tolk te puhcì trbfs`t, hìyic`fj, bfd wbca`fj. Zl ieucd lclitr`gy bccketer`zld oukbf trbfspert hy hu`cd`fj kerl lclitr`g`ld puhcì trbfs`t bfd `ftlri`ty

pbsslfjlr rb`c c`fas. Olbvy truias ieucd ruf ef gulc ilccs, hut `t weucd hl hlttlr te

k`f`k`zl truia`fj hy lxpbfd`fj grl`jot rb`c. Trbfspert hy so`p ieucd lkpcey kedlrf

sb`cs te `firlbsl gulc lggì`lfiy (to`s `s bcrlbdy hl`fj defl ef b t`fy sibcl2), hut rl-

ceibc`zbtèf er dl-jcehbc`zbtèf eg kbfugbitur`fj weucd hl b flilssbry ie-strbtljy te

rlduil tol flld ger so`pp`fj.

Kuio eg tol kbfugbitur`fj sliter bcrlbdy rufs ef lclitrì`ty, hut tolrl brl lxilptèfs—

bfd sekl eg tolsl w`cc egglr s`jf`gìbft iobcclfjls.

2 Yll ger lxbkpcl YayYb`cs, ottp=//www.saysb`cs.`fge.



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 <

Yeuril= Fur` Iòbt Efbt, Kurbt Auiuavbr, bfd Eklr Tbtbr`, –Iefvlftèfbc, oyhr`d, pcuj-`f oyhr`d erlclitrì vloìcls5 Ytbtl-hbsld iekpbrbt`vl ibrhef bfd lflrjy geetpr`ft bfbcys`s `f tol \f`tld Ytbtls,‛Bppc`ld Lflrjy 2<>, 2< Mucy 8>2<, 97-401 de`=2>.2>27/m.bplflrjy.8>2<.>4.>>2.

Kbfy rbw kbtlr`bcs ger kbfugbitur`fj preilssls l`tolr brl gess`c gulcs (glldsteias ger

pcbstìs bfd etolr pltreiolkìbc-hbsld kbtlr`bcs `ficud`fj cuhrìbfts, pb`fts, dyls,

pobrkbilutìbcs, lti.) er iurrlftcy rlqu`rl gess`c gulcs ger k`f`fj bfd/er trbfsgerkbtèf

(l.j., kest kltbcs). Iefs`dlrbhcl lggert w`cc hl flldld te rlpcbil gess`c gulc-hbsld

kbtlr`bcs bfd te rliyicl fef-rlflwbhcl kbtlr`bcs kerl iekpcltlcy, s`jf`gìbftcy

rldui`fj tol flld ger k`f`fj.

@g wl d`d bcc tolsl to`fjs, wo`cl bcse hu`cd`fj gbr, gbr kerl secbr pbflcs bfd w`fd

turh`fls, wl ieucd bio`lvl reujocy bf ?> plrilft rlduitèf `f lk`ssèfs iekpbrld te

eur iurrlft clvlc.

Clvlc Torll= Tol rlbccy obrd stugg

De`fj bwby w`to tol cbst 8> plrilft eg eur iurrlft gess`c gulc iefsukptèf `s je`fj te

tbal st`cc kerl t`kl, rlslbrio, bfd `fvlstklft—bs wlcc bs kuio kerl hlobvèrbc

bdbptbtèf. Must efl lxbkpcl= wl iurrlftcy usl lferkeus bkeufts eg ilklft ger bcc




a`fds eg iefstruitèf bit`v`t`ls. Ilklft kba`fj rlqu`rls o`jo olbt, woìo ieucd

tolerltìbccy hl suppc`ld hy sufc`jot, lclitrì`ty, er oydrejlf—hut tobt w`cc lftb`c b

flbrcy iekpcltl rldls`jf eg tol preilss.

Zo`cl w`to Clvlc Efl wl hljbf b so`gt `f geed systlks hy preket`fj ceibc erjbfì geed,

dr`v`fj ibrhef lk`ssèfs dewf gurtolr w`cc rlqu`rl g`f`so`fj tobt meh hy kba`fj bcc geed

preduitèf erjbfì, bfd rlqu`r`fj bcc bjrìucturl te slqulstlr ibrhef toreujo hu`cd`fj

tepse`c. Lc`k`fbt`fj bcc gess`c gulcs `f geed systlks w`cc bcse lftb`c b suhstbft`bc rl-dls`jf

eg toesl systlks te k`f`k`zl preilss`fj, pbiabj`fj, bfd trbfspert.

Tol iekkufìbtèfs sliter—woìo usls k`f`fj bfd o`jo olbt preilssls ger tol

preduitèf eg poefls, iekputlrs, slrvlrs, w`rls, poete-eptì ibhcls, ilcc tewlrs, bfd

kerl—prlslfts sekl rlbccy afetty prehclks. Tol efcy jeed cefj-tlrk secutèf `f to`s

sliter `s te kbal dlvìls tobt brl hu`ct te cbst b vlry cefj t`kl bfd tolf te rlpb`r tolkbfd guccy rliyicl bfd rl-kbfugbiturl tolk wolf bhsecutlcy flldld. Tol @ftlrflt ieucd

hl kb`ftb`fld v`b tol a`fds eg cew-tlio, bsyfiorefeus fltweras few hl`fj pèfllrld `f

peer fbtèfs, us`fj rlcbt`vlcy c`ttcl pewlr.

Hbia `f tol trbfspert sliter= wl‐vl bcrlbdy kbdl so`pp`fj kerl lggì`lft w`to sb`cs `f

Clvlc Twe, hut de`fj bwby w`to pltrecluk bctejltolr w`cc rlqu`rl iestcy suhst`tutls (gulc

ilccs er hègulcs). Efl wby er bfetolr, jcehbc trbdl w`cc obvl te sor`fa. Tolrl `s fe jeed

drep-`f suhst`tutl ger bv`btèf gulcs1 wl kby obvl te wr`tl egg bv`btèf bs bfyto`fj hut b

spli`bcty trbfspert kedl. ^cbfls ruff`fj ef oydrejlf er hègulcs brl bf lxplfs`vl

pess`h`c`ty, bs brl d`r`j`hcls g`ccld w`to (fef-rlflwbhcl) olcùk, bfy eg woìo ieucd olcp

us kb`ftb`f vlst`jls eg b`r trbvlc. ^bv`fj bfd rlpb`r`fj rebds w`toeut e`c-hbsld bspobct `s

pess`hcl, hut w`cc rlqu`rl bf bckest iekpcltl rldls`jf eg preilssls bfd lqu`pklft.

Tol jeed flws `s tobt `g wl de bcc tolsl to`fjs, wl ibf jlt te hlyefd zlre ibrhef

lk`ssèfs1 tobt `s, w`to slqulstrbtèf eg ibrhef `f se`cs bfd gerlsts, wl ieucd bitubccy

rlduil btkespolrì ibrhef w`to lbio pbss`fj ylbr.

^cbfs w`cc ceea d`gglrlft `f lbio ieuftry, se lbio ieuftry (bfd lbio stbtl) fllds efl.

8. @t‐s fet bcc bheut secbr bfd w`fd

Tolsl twe lflrjy rlseurils obvl hllf tol suhmlits eg kest eg tol d`siussèf

surreufd`fj tol rlflwbhcl lflrjy trbfs`tèf. ^rìls brl gbcc`fj, rbtls eg `fstbccbtèf brl



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 :

o`jo, bfd tolrl `s b cbrjl petlft`bc ger gurtolr jrewto. Hut, w`to b skbcc fukhlr eg

lxilptèfs, oydrepewlr ieft`fuls te slrvl bs tol cbrjlst seuril eg rlflwbhcl lclitrì`ty.

Yeuril= M. Dbv`d Oujols, Jcehbc Yustb`fbh`c`ty Xlslbrio, @fi., (dbtb grek H^ Ytbt`stìbc Xlv`lw, 8>2<).

Tol `folrlft `ftlrk`ttlfiy eg w`fd bfd secbr pewlr w`cc pesl `firlbs`fj iobcclfjls bs

plrilftbjl clvlcs eg plfltrbtèf `fte evlrbcc lflrjy kbralts `firlbsl. Etolr rlflwbhcl

lflrjy seurils—oydrepewlr, jletolrkbc, bfd hèkbss—ibf kerl rlbd`cy suppcy

ieftreccbhcl hbslcebd pewlr, hut toly obvl kuio clss eppertuf`ty ger jrewto.

Oepls ger o`jo clvlcs eg w`fd bfd secbr brl tolrlgerl cbrjlcy dr`vlf hy tol bssukptèf

tobt `fdustr`bc sei`lt`ls ibf bfd soeucd kb`ftb`f vlry o`jo clvlcs eg lflrjy usl. @g lflrjy

usbjl `f tol \f`tld Ytbtls ieucd hl sibcld hbia s`jf`gìbftcy (:> te 0> plrilft) tolf b

rlc`bhcl bcc-rlflwbhcl lflrjy rlj`kl hliekls kuio lbs`lr te lfv`sèf bfd iolbplr telfj`fllr—hut tol systlk weucd flld te ceea vlry d`gglrlft. Yecbr bfd w`fd weucd slrvl

bs s`jf`gìbft seurils eg lclitrì`ty bfd w`to usbjl t`kld te `ts bvb`cbh`c`ty, hut oydre,

jletolrkbc, bfd sekl hèkbss (wolf lfv`refklftbccy bpprepr`btl) weucd slrvl bs

hbslcebd pewlr.



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 ?

9. Zl kust hlj`f prl-bdbpt`fj te clss lflrjy

@t `s uficlbr oew kuio lflrjy w`cc hl bvb`cbhcl te sei`lty bt tol lfd eg tol trbfs`tèf=

tolrl brl kbfy vbr`bhcls (`ficud`fj rbtls eg `fvlstklft bfd tol ibpbh`c`t`ls eg rlflwbhcl

lflrjy tliofecejy w`toeut gess`c gulcs te hbia tolk up bfd te pewlr tol`r kbfugbiturl,

bt clbst `f tol lbrcy stbjls). Flvlrtolclss, j`vlf bcc tol iobcclfjls `fvecvld, `t weucd hl

prudlft te bssukl tobt plepcl `f wlbctoy `fdustr`bc`zld ieuftr`ls w`cc obvl clss lflrjy

(lvlf tba`fj `fte biieuft lggì`lfi`ls `f pewlr jlflrbtèf bfd lflrjy usbjl) tobf toly

weucd etolrw`sl obvl, bssuk`fj b ieft`fubtèf eg o`sterì jrewto trlfds.

To`s ieficusèf `s obrd te bve`d wolf iefs`dlr`fj tol splld bfd sibcl eg rlduitèf `f

lk`ssèfs bitubccy rlqu`rld te bvlrt ic`kbtl ibtbstrepol. Bs ic`kbtl si`lft`st Alv`f

Bfdlrsef pe`fts eut `f b rlilft Fbturl Jlesi`lfil pbplr=

–Biierd`fj te tol @ÎI‐s Yyftols`s Xlpert, fe kerl tobf 2,>>> h`ccèfteffls (2,>>> Jt) eg IE8 ibf hl lk`ttld hltwllf 8>22 bfd 82>> ger b77% iobfil (er hlttlr) eg rlkb`f`fj hlcew 8 ¾I eg wbrk`fj (evlrprl`fdustr`bc t`kls)… Oewlvlr, hltwllf 8>22 bfd 8>24 IE8 lk`ssèfsgrek lflrjy preduitèf bcefl bkeuftld te bheut 24> Jt eg IE8…QYuhtrbit`fj rlbc`stì lk`ssèfs hudjlts ger dlgerlstbtèf bfd ilklftpreduitèf,[ –…tol rlkb`f`fj hudjlt ger lflrjy-efcy lk`ssèfs evlr tolplrèd 8>2<’82>>, ger b ‟càlcy‐ iobfil eg stby`fj hlcew 8 ¾I, `s bheut7<> Jt eg IE8.‛8

Tobt 7<> j`jbtefs eg ibrhef bkeufts te clss tobf 20 ylbrs eg ieft`fuld hus`flss-bs-

usubc lk`ssèfs grek jcehbc gess`c lflrjy usl. Tol fetèf tobt tol wercd ieucd kbal b

iekpcltl trbfs`tèf te bctlrfbt`vl lflrjy seurils, us`fj efcy tobt s`x-ylbr gess`c lflrjy

hudjlt, bfd w`toeut s`jf`gìbft rlduitèf `f evlrbcc lflrjy usl, k`jot hl iobrbitlr`zld

bs ept`k`sk ef b sibcl tobt strltiols irlduc`ty.

Tol –oew kuio w`cc wl obvl5‛ qulstèf rlgclits bf ufdlrstbfdbhcl iefilrf te kb`ftb`f

iurrlft clvlcs eg iekgert bfd iefvlf`lfil bs wl sw`tio lflrjy seurils. Hut `f to`s

rljbrd `t `s jeed te allp liecejìbc geetpr`ft bfbcys`s `f k`fd.

8 Alv`f Bfdlrsef, "Dubc`ty f ic`kbtl si`lfil," Fbturl Jlesi`lfil ? (8>2<), ?0?’0>>=ottp=//www.fbturl.iek/fjle/meurfbc/v?/f28/gucc/fjle8<<0.otkc




Yeuril= ZZG, C`v`fj ^cbflt Xlpert 8>24 (Jcbfd, Yw`tzlrcbfd, 8>24).

Biierd`fj te ZZG bfd tol Jcehbc Geetpr`ft Fltwera, tol bkeuft eg preduit`vl cbfd

bfd slb bvb`cbhcl te lbio plrsef ef Lbrto `f erdlr te c`vl `f b wby tobt‐s liecejìbccy

sustb`fbhcl `s 2.: jcehbc olitbrls.9 Tol iurrlft plr ibp`tb liecejìbc geetpr`ft `f tol

\f`tld Ytbtls `s 7.? jcehbc olitbrls. Bsa`fj woltolr rlflwbhcl lflrjy ieucd lfbhcl

Bklrìbfs te kb`ftb`f tol r iurrlft c`glstycl `s tolrlgerl lqu`vbclft te bsa`fj woltolr

rlflwbhcl lflrjy ibf allp us c`v`fj ufsustb`fbhcy. Tol iclbr bfswlr `s= efcy tlkperbr`cy,

`g bt bcc . . . se woy bttlkpt tol `kpess`hcl5 Zl soeucd b`k ger b sustb`fbhcl clvlc eg

lflrjy bfd kbtlr`bc iefsukptèf, woìo ef bvlrbjl `s s`jf`gìbftcy cewlr tobf bt

prlslft.

Lggerts te prl-bdbpt te sor`fa`fj lflrjy suppc`ls obvl ufdlrstbfdbhcy jettlf b cet clss

bttlftèf grek bit`v`sts tobf ibkpb`jfs te clbvl gess`c gulcs `f tol jreufd, er te

preketl rlflwbhcl lflrjy premlits. Hut `g wl def‐t j`vl lqubc toeujot te to`s hufdcl eg

prehclks, wl w`cc lvlftubccy hl ibujot soert bfd tolrl w`cc hl s`jf`gìbft liefekì bfdpec`tìbc gbcceut.

9 ZZG, C`v`fj ^cbflt Xlpert 8>24 (Jcbfd, Yw`tzlrcbfd, 8>24)1ottp=//www.geetpr`ftfltwera.erj/lf/`fdlx.pop/JGF/pbjl/c`v`fjUpcbfltUrlpertU8>24Ugbits.



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 2>

Ye wobt soeucd wl de te prlpbrl ger lflrjy rlduitèf5 Ceea te Ibc`gerf`b= `ts liefeky

obs jrewf ger tol pbst slvlrbc dlibdls wo`cl `ts plr ibp`tb lclitrì`ty dlkbfd obs fet.

Tol stbtl lfieurbjld ieeplrbtèf hltwllf rlslbrio fst`tutèfs, kbfugbiturlrs,

ut`c`t`ls, bfd rljucbters te g`jurl eut oew te allp dlkbfd grek jrew`fj hy iobfj`fj tol

wby lclitrì`ty `s usld. To`s `s fet b iekpcltl secutèf, hut `t kby hl efl eg tol tepsuiilss ster`ls `f tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf se gbr, r`vbc`fj tobt eg Jlrkbfy‐s Lflrj`lwlfdl. @t

soeucd hl iep`ld `f lvlry stbtl bfd ieuftry.

4. Iefsuklr`sk `s b prehclk, fet b secutèf

Iurrlft pecìy kbalrs sll `firlbsld huy`fj bfd d`sibrd`fj eg `fdustr`bc preduits bs b

secutèf te tol prehclk eg stbjfbt`fj liefek`ls. Z`to flbrcy :> plrilft eg tol \f`tld

Ytbtls liefeky t`ld te iefsuklr splfd`fj,4 `t `s lbsy te sll woy iefsukptèf `s

lfieurbjld. O`sterìbccy, tol gerk eg sei`bc bfd liefekì erdlr afewf bs iefsuklr`sk

cbrjlcy lklrjld bs b rlspefsl te `fdustr`bc evlrpreduitèf—efl eg tol ibusls eg tol

Jrlbt Dlprlssèf—woìo `f turf rlsuctld grek bf bhufdbft bvb`cbh`c`ty eg iolbp gess`c

lflrjy.< Hlgerl bfd lspli`bccy bgtlr tol Dlprlssèf bfd Zercd Zbr @@, tol bdvlrt`s`fj

bfd iefsuklr irld`t `fdustr`ls jrlw drbkbtìbccy bs b klbfs eg stea`fj preduit

puriobsls, bfd pec`tì`bfs eg bcc pec`tìbc plrsubsèfs me`fld tol ioerus urj`fj i`t`zlfs te

to`fa eg tolkslcvls bs –iefsuklrs,‛ bfd te tbal tol`r flw meh dlsir`ptèf te olbrt.

@g tol trbfs`tèf te rlflwbhcl lflrjy `kpc`ls b rlduitèf `f evlrbcc lflrjy bvb`cbh`c`ty, `gkeh`c`ty `s d`k`f`sold, bfd `g kbfy `fdustr`bc preilssls `fvecv`fj o`jo olbt bfd tol usl

eg gess`c gulcs bs glldsteias hliekl kerl lxplfs`vl er brl iurtb`cld, tolf iefslrvbtèf

kust bssukl b kuio o`jolr prèr`ty tobf iefsukptèf `f tol dbwf`fj pest-gess`c-gulc

lrb. @g `t hliekls kerl d`ggìuct bfd iestcy te preduil bfd d`str`hutl jeeds suio bs

iceto`fj, iekputlrs, bfd poefls, tolf plepcl w`cc obvl te usl tolsl kbfugbiturld jeeds

cefjlr, bfd rlpurpesl, rlkbfugbiturl, bfd rliyicl tolk wolrlvlr pess`hcl. Xbtolr tobf

b iefsuklr liefeky, to`s w`cc hl b iefslrvlr liefeky.

Tol sw`tio grek efl slt eg prèr`t`ls bfd `filft`vls (iefsuklr`sk) te tol etolr

(iefslrvbtèf) `kpc`ls fet must b kbmer iobfjl `f Bklrìbf iucturl hut bcse b vbst so`gt

4 \.Y. Hurlbu eg Liefekì Bfbcys`s, "Tbhcl 2.2.<. Jress Deklstì reduit," biilssld Ylptlkhlr 4, 8>2<,ottp=//www.hlb.jev/`Tbhcl/`Tbhcl.igk5Xlq@D;0&stlp;2#rlq`d;0&stlp;9&`sur`;2&0>9;<.< Xìobrd Ol`fhlrj, "Tol Hr`lg, Trbjì Xl`jf eg Iefsuklr`sk," Jrllf Yei`bc Toeujot= B Kbjbz`fl eg Yyftols`s & Xljlflrbtèf 74(Ypr`fj 8>24)= 2?-8>.




`f heto tol liefeky bfd `f jevlrfklft pecìy, w`to `kpcìbtèfs ger flbrcy lvlry

`fdustry. @g to`s so`gt `s te eiiur w`to b k`f`kuk eg strlss, `t soeucd hl toeujot eut

bolbd eg t`kl bfd ju`dld w`to pecìy. Zl sll c`ttcl lv`dlfil eg suio pcbff`fj iurrlftcy,

bfd `t `s fet iclbr wobt jevlrfklftbc hedy weucd obvl tol butoer`ty bfd ibpbi`ty te

ufdlrtbal `t. Fer de wl ylt sll b iucturl so`gt pewlrguc bfd hrebd-hbsld lfeujo tepreplc pecìy iobfjl.

Tol rlflwbhcl liefeky w`cc càlcy hl scewlr bfd kerl ceibc. Liefekì jrewto kby

rlvlrsl `tslcg bs plr ibp`tb iefsukptèf sor`fas1 `g wl brl te bvlrt b g`fbfi`bc irbso (bfd

plrobps b rlvecutèf bs wlcc) wl kby flld b d`gglrlft liefekì erjbf`z`fj pr`fi`pcl. @f

olr rlilft heea ef ic`kbtl iobfjl, To`s Iobfjls Lvlryto`fj , Fbek` Acl`f bsas woltolr

ibp`tbc`sk hl prlslrvld `f tol lrb eg ic`kbtl iobfjl1 wo`cl `t prehbhcy ibf (ibp`tbc`sk

fllds preg`t kerl tobf jrewto), tobt kby fet hl b jeed `dlb hlibusl, `f tol bhslfil eg

evlrbcc jrewto, preg`ts ger sekl w`cc obvl te iekl bt b iest te lvlryefl lcsl. Bfd to`s `slxbitcy wobt wl obvl hllf sll`fj `f tol ylbrs s`fil tol g`fbfi`bc irbso eg 8>>?.

Yeuril= Lkkbfulc Yblz bfd Jbhr`lc ]uikbf, "Zlbcto @flqubc`ty `f tol \f`tld Ytbtls s`fil 2029= Lv`dlfilgrek Ibp`tbc`zld @fiekl Tbx Dbtb," Eitehlr 8>2<, gertoiek`fj `f Rubrtlrcy Meurfbc eg Liefekìs 1ottp=//lkc.hlralcly.ldu/~sblz/#`fiekl.

Tol `dlb eg b iefslrvlr liefeky obs hllf breufd bt clbst s`fil tol 20:>s, bfd heto tol

Lureplbf dljrewto kevlklft bfd tol clbdlrs eg tol rlcbt`vlcy flw d`si`pc`fl eg




liecejìbc liefekìs obvl j`vlf `t b cet eg toeujot. Tol`r `fs`jots dlslrvl te hl bt tol

ilftlr eg lflrjy trbfs`tèf d`siussèfs.

<. êpucbtèf jrewto kbals lvlryto`fj obrdlr

B d`siussèf eg pepucbtèf k`jot sllk egg-tepì. Hut `g lflrjy bfd kbtlr`bcs (woìo

rlprlslft lkhed`ld lflrjy) brl càlcy te hl kerl sibril `f tol dlibdls bolbd eg us,

pepucbtèf jrewto w`cc klbf lvlf clss iefsukptèf plr ibp`tb. Bfd jcehbc pepucbtèf `s

`fdlld jrew`fj= ef b flt hbs`s (h`rtos k`fus dlbtos) wl brl iurrlftcy bdd`fj ?8 k`ccèf

oukbfs te tol reccs lbio ylbr,7 b cbrjlr fukhlr tobf bt bfy t`kl `f tol pbst, lvlf `g tol

rbtl eg jrewto `s scew`fj.

êpucbtèf jrewto eg tol pbst ilftury wbs lfbhcld hy gbiters—kbfy eg woìo trbil

hbia te tol bvb`cbh`c`ty eg bhufdbft, iolbp lflrjy bfd tol bhufdbft, iolbp geed tobt `t

lfbhcld—tobt kby hl rlbio`fj b pe`ft eg d`k`f`so`fj rlturfs. êcìy kbalrs gbil tol

dli`sèf few eg woltolr te oukbflcy rlduil pepucbtèf hy preket`fj gbk`cy pcbff`fj

bfd hy puhcì plrsubsèf—hy rb`s`fj tol lduibtèfbc clvlc eg peer weklf breufd tol

wercd bfd j`v`fj weklf gucc ieftrec evlr tol`r rlpreduit`vl r`jots—er te clt fbturl dlbc

w`to evlrpepucbtèf `f ufflilssbr`cy hrutbc wbys. Ger dltb`cld rliekklfdbtèfs

rljbrd`fj pepucbtèf kbttlrs, iefsuct pepucbtèf erjbf`zbtèfs suio bs epucbtèf

@fst`tutl: bfd êpucbtèf Kld`b Ilftlr?. êpucbtèf `s b ic`kbtl `ssul.

7. Gess`c gulcs brl tee vbcubhcl te bcceibtl seclcy

hy tol kbralt

Eur bfbcys`s sujjlsts tobt lvlf `g wl suiilld `f keh`c`z`fj tol pec`tìbc w`cc bfd tol

g`fbfi`bc wolrlw`tobc te kevl bwby grek gess`c gulcs bctejltolr, `fdustr`bc sei`lt`ls w`cc

flld te allp us`fj gess`c gulcs ger sekl bppcìbtèfs uft`c tol vlry g`fbc stbjls eg tol

lflrjy trbfs`tèf—bfd pess`hcy hlyefd, ger fef-lflrjy purpesls. Irui`bccy, wl w`cc

flld te usl gess`c gulcs (ger tol t`kl hl`fj, bfywby) ger `fdustr`bc preilssls bfd

7 \f`tld Fbtèfs, Dlpbrtklft eg Liefekì bfd Yei`bc Bggb`rs, Tol Zercd êpucbtèf Y`tubtèf `f 8>24, (Flw Pera= \f`tldFbtèfs, 8>24).: ottp=//pepucbt ef`fst`tutl.erj/.? ottp=//pepucbtèfkld`b.erj/.




trbfspertbtèf flldld te hu`cd bfd `fstbcc rlflwbhcl lflrjy systlks.0 Zl w`cc bcse flld

te ieft`ful us`fj gess`c gulcs `f bjrìucturl, kbfugbitur`fj, bfd jlflrbc trbfspertbtèf,

uft`c rehust rlflwbhcl lflrjy-hbsld tliofecej`ls brl bvb`cbhcl. To`s `kpc`ls slvlrbc

prehclks.

Bs tol hlst eg eur rlkb`f`fj gess`c gulcs brl dlpcltld, sei`lty w`cc hy flilss`ty hl

lxtrbit`fj bfd hurf`fj lvlr cewlr-jrbdl iebc, e`c, bfd fbturbc jbs. Zl sll to`s trlfd

bcrlbdy gbr bdvbfild `f tol pltrecluk `fdustry, wolrl v`rtubccy bcc flw preduitèf

presplits `fvecvl t`jot e`c, tbr sbfds, uctrb-olbvy e`c, dllpwbtlr e`c, er Britì e`c—bcc eg

woìo lftb`c o`jo preduitèf iests bfd o`jo lfv`refklftbc r`sa bs iekpbrld te

iefvlftèfbc e`c geufd bfd preduild dur`fj tol 8>to ilftury. Hurf`fj tolsl olbv`lr,

d`rt`lr gulcs w`cc irlbtl lvlr kerl ie-peccutbfts tobt obvl b d`sprepertèfbtl olbcto

`kpbit bfd hurdlf ef cew-`fiekl iekkuf`t`ls. Tol gbit tobt tol gess`c gulc `fdustry

w`cc rlqu`rl lvlr-`firlbs`fj clvlcs eg `fvlstklft plr uf`t eg lflrjy y`lcdld obs b jceeky`kpcìbtèf ger tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf= sei`lty‐s bvb`cbhcl ibp`tbc w`cc obvl te hl d`rlitld

tewbrd tol dltlrèrbt`fj gess`c gulc sliter te kb`ftb`f iurrlft slrvìls, must bs kuio

kerl ibp`tbc `s bcse flldld te gufd tol hu`cd-eut eg rlflwbhcls. Yllk`fjcy tol efcy wby

te bve`d to`s trbp weucd hl te puso tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf bs quìacy bs pess`hcl, se tobt

wl brlf‐t stuia twe er torll dlibdls grek few st`cc dlplfdlft ef gess`c gulcs tobt, hy

tolf, w`cc hl rlqu`r`fj se kuio `fvlstklft te g`fd bfd lxtrbit tobt sei`lty kby fet hl

bhcl te bggerd tol trbfs`tèf premlit.

Hut tolrl‐s bcse b prehclk w`to biilclrbt`fj tol trbfs`tèf tee kuio. Y`fil wl usl gess`c

gulcs te hu`cd tol `fgrbstruiturl ger rlflwbhcls, splld`fj up tol trbfs`tèf ieucd klbf

bf evlrbcc `firlbsl `f lk`ssèfs—ufclss wl rlduil etolr iurrlft usls eg gess`c gulcs. @f

etolr werds, wl kby obvl te dlpr`vl sekl sliters eg tol liefeky eg gess`c gulcs hlgerl

bdlqubtl rlflwbhcl suhst`tutls brl bvb`cbhcl, `f erdlr te gulc tol trbfs`tèf w`toeut

`firlbs`fj evlrbcc jrllfoeusl jbs lk`ssèfs. To`s weucd trbfscbtl te b rlduitèf `f

evlrbcc lflrjy iefsukptèf bfd `f tol liefekì hlflg`ts eg lflrjy usl (toeujo kefly

sbvld grek iefslrvbtèf bfd lggì`lfiy weucd oeplguccy rlduil tol `kpbit), bfd to`s

weucd obvl te hl defl w`toeut predui`fj b rljrlss`vl `kpbit ef bcrlbdy vucflrbhcl bfd

liefekìbccy d`sbdvbftbjld iekkuf`t`ls.

0 Ger b jc`kpsl bt wobt a`fd eg lflrjy obs te hl lxplfdld te trbfspert bfd bsslkhcl b s`fjcl w`fd turh`fl, t‐s werto wbtio`fjto`s v`dle= ottp=//h`t.cy/trbfspert-bsslkhcl-w`fd-turh`fl.




Zl kby hl lftlr`fj b plrèd eg gess`c gulc tr`bjl. Xbtolr tobf bcceibt`fj gess`c gulcs

s`kpcy ef b kbralt hbs`s (toesl woe pby ger tolk jlt tolk), `t kby hl gb`rlr, lspli`bccy

te cewlr-`fiekl i`t`zlfs, ger jevlrfklft (w`to wbrt`kl pewlrs) te bcceibtl gulcs

purpeslguccy hbsld ef tol strbtljì `kpertbfil eg tol sei`ltbc sliters tobt dlplfd ef

tolk, bfd ef tol rlcbt`vl lbsl bfd t`klc`flss eg trbfs`tèf`fj toesl sliters te rlflwbhclsuhst`tutls. Bjrìucturl, ger lxbkpcl, k`jot hl dllkld tol o`jolst prèr`ty ger

ieft`fuld gess`c gulc bcceibtèfs, w`to iekklri`bc b`r trbvlc bssuk`fj b gbr cewlr

prèr`ty. ^lrobps wl flld fet must b prìl ef ibrhef, hut d`gglrlft prìls ger d`gglrlft

usls. Zl sll vlry c`ttcl d`siussèf eg to`s presplit `f tol iurrlft lflrjy pecìy c`tlrbturl.

Gurtolr, glw jevlrfklfts lvlf iurrlftcy biafewcldjl tol flld ger b ibrhef hudjlt. Tol

pec`tìbc ilftlr eg jrbv`ty, pbrtìucbrcy `f tol \f`tld Ytbtls, w`cc obvl te so`gt

s`jf`gìbftcy hlgerl dli`sèf kbalrs ibf puhcìcy biafewcldjl tol flld ger gess`c gulc

tr`bjl.

Bs gess`c gulcs jrew kerl iestcy te lxtrbit, tolrl kby hl lvlr-jrlbtlr tlkptbtèf te usl

eur bvb`cbhcl lflrjy bfd `fvlstklft ibp`tbc klrlcy te kb`ftb`f lx`st`fj iefsukptèf

pbttlrfs (càlcy ger tol rìo bhevl bcc), bfd te put egg tol lggert tobt tol trbfs`tèf

`kpc`ls. @g wl de tobt, wl w`cc lvlftubccy rlbp tol werst eg bcc pess`hcl eutiekls—

ic`kbtl iobes, b juttld liefeky, bfd fe ieft`fu`fj wolrlw`tobc te hu`cd b hr`djl te b

rlflwbhcl lflrjy guturl.

:. Lqu`ty w`to`f bfd hltwllf fbtèfs obs tehl bddrlssld

Tol bh`c`ty te obrflss lflrjy irlbtls wlbcto bfd iefglrs sei`bc pewlr. Z`to tol bdvlft eg

gess`c gulcs ibkl b ruso eg wlbcto bfd pewlr suio bs tol wercd obd flvlr hlgerl sllf.

Fbturbccy, oukbf`tbr`bfs sbw to`s bs bf eppertuf`ty te sprlbd wlbcto bfd pewlr breufd

se bs te c`gt bcc eg oukbf`ty bhevl drudjlry, lc`k`fbtl oufjlr, bfd lvlf put bf lfd te

wbr. Bfd te b cbrjl dljrll tobt eppertuf`ty obs hllf sl`zld= evlrbcc, io`cd kertbc`ty rbtls

brl dewf, c`gl lxplitbfiy `s up, `fglitèus d`slbsls brl ef tol dlic`fl, oufjlr obs hllfrlduild (lvlf bs pepucbtèf obs drbkbtìbccy jrewf), bfd kertbc`ty grek vèclfil obs

dlic`fld s`fil tol lfd eg Zercd Zbr @@.2>

2> \f`tld Fbtèfs, Dlpbrtklft eg Liefekì bfd Yei`bc Bggb`rs, Tol Zercd Kertbc`ty Xlpert 8>29, (Flw Pera= \f`tld Fbtèfs,8>29). Zercd Olbcto Erjbf`zbtèf, Zercd Olbcto Ytbt`stìs 8>2<, (Jlflvb= ZOE rlss, 8>2<). @GBD GBE, bfd ZG^, "Tol Ytbtleg Geed @fsliur`ty f tol Zercd 8>2<= Kllt`fj tol 8>2< @ftlrfbt efbc Oufjlr Tbrjlts= Tba`fj Yteia eg \flvlf rejrlss,"



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 2<

Plt jcehbccy, wlbctoy `fdustr`bc fbtèfs obvl d sprepertèfbtlcy hlflg`ttld grek tol

gess`c gulc rlvecutèf wo`cl peerlr fbtèfs obvl d`sprepertèfbtlcy herfl tol iests. Bfd

b s`k`cbr d`spbr`ty bcse lx`sts w`to`f fbtèfs, heto rìo bfd peer efls. Gurtolr, tol

`fmustìl eg lflrjy wlbcto vs. lflrjy pevlrty `s `firlbs`fjcy kbjf`g`ld hy ic`kbtl

`kpbits, woìo gbcc d`sprepertèfbtlcy upef lflrjy peer sei`lt`ls—heto hlibusl egjlejrbpoìbc obpplfstbfil bfd hlibusl toly de fet obvl tol sbkl clvlc eg rlseurils te

dlvetl tewbrd bdbptbtèf.

Few wl brr`vl bt b iressrebds, wolrl tol wlbcto-jlflrbt`fj lflrjy seurils eg tol pbst

twe ilftur`ls (gess`c gulcs) kust j`vl wby te d`gglrlft lflrjy seurils. Zo`cl tol dlibdls

bolbd kby sll dlic`f`fj plr ibp`tb lflrjy iefsukptèf `f tol `fdustr`bc`zld wercd, tol

trbfs`tèf te rlflwbhcl lflrjy dels fet butekbtìbccy olrbcd b kerl ljbc`tbr`bf guturl.

Lftrlfiold liefekì `ftlrlsts tobt hlflg`tld d`sprepertèfbtlcy dur`fj tol gess`c gulc

lrb kby slla te kb`ftb`f tol`r bdvbftbjls bs lvlryefl lcsl bdmusts te cewlriefsukptèf clvlcs, bttlkpt`fj te lfsurl tobt tol`r scìl eg b d`k`f`so`fj p`l `s clgt

ufteuiold. @t `s bcse pess`hcl tobt fbtèfs, bfd wlbctoy iekkuf`t`ls w`to`f fbtèfs, w`cc

hu`cd rehust, cbrjlcy slcg-ieftb`fld rlflwbhcl lflrjy systlks wo`cl lvlryefl lcsl

ieft`fuls te dlplfd upef `firlbs`fjcy dysgufitèfbc bfd lxplfs`vl lclitrì`ty jr`ds tobt

brl `firlbs`fjcy stbrvld eg gulc. @f l`tolr ibsl, iurrlft clvlcs eg liefekì `flqubc`ty

ieucd plrs`st er werslf.

ûrsu`fj tol rlflwbhcl lflrjy trbfs`tèf w`toeut lqu`ty `f k`fd weucd càlcy deek tol

lft`rl premlit. \fclss tol `ftlrlsts eg plepcl bt cewlr liefekì clvlcs brl tbalf `fte

biieuft bfd lx`st`fj `flqubc`t`ls brl rlduild, tol `flv`tbhcl strlssls biiekpbfy`fj to`s

bcc-lfiekpbss`fj sei`ltbc trbfsgerkbtèf ieucd rlsuct `f lvlr-dllplr d`v`sèfs heto

hltwllf bfd w`to`f fbtèfs, bfd clbd te eplf iefgcìt. Ef tol etolr obfd, `g lvlryefl `s

drbwf `fte b v`sèfbry premlit tobt lftb`cs sobrld lggert bs wlcc bs sobrld jb`fs, tol

rlsuct ieucd hl evlrwolck`fjcy hlflgì`bc ger bcc eg oukbf`ty. To`s `s trul, eg ieursl, fet

efcy ger tol rlflwbhcl lflrjy trbfs`tèf hut bcse ger eur rlspefsl te `kpbits eg ic`kbtl

iobfjl tobt brl hy few ufbve`dbhcl.

(Xekl= GBE, 8>2<). Y`kef Grbslr \f`vlrs`ty Yioeec ger @ftlrfbtèfbc Ytud`ls, Oukbf Yliur`ty Xlslbrio Jreup, Oukbf

Yliur`ty Xlpert 8>29, (Wbfieuvlr= Oukbf Yliur`ty Xlslbrio Jreup, 8>29).




?. Lvlryto`fj `s iefflitld

Toreujoeut tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf, jrlbt bttlftèf w`cc obvl te hl j`vlf te tol

`ftlrdlplfdlft c`fabjls bfd suppcy iob`fs iefflit`fj vbrèus sliters (iekkufìbtèfs,

k`f`fj, bfd trbfspert af`t tejltolr kest eg wobt wl de `f `fdustr`bc sei`lt`ls). Yekl

c`fas `f suppcy iob`fs w`cc hl obrd te suhst`tutl, bfd iob`fs ibf hl hr`ttcl= b prehclk w`to

lvlf efl c`fa ibf `kplr`c tol lft`rl iob`f. To`s `s tol kedlrf kbf`glstbtèf eg tol ecd

furslry roykl, –ger tol wbft eg b fb`c…tol a`fjdek wbs cest.‛

Iefs`dlr, ger lxbkpcl, tol suppcy iob`f bfbcys`s ger w`fd turh`fls.

Yeuril= T`cc ]`kklrkbff, Kbx Xlohlrjlr, bfd Ytlgbf J÷Õc`fj-Xl`slkbff, –Kbtlr`bc Gcews Xlsuct`fj grekCbrjl Yibcl Dlpceyklft eg Z`fd Lflrjy `f Jlrkbfy,‛ Xlseurils 8>29, 8(9), 9>9-9941de`=2>.990>/rlseurils8>9>9>9.

Tol jrbpoì bhevl soews tol vbrèus iekpeflfts, lbio w`to `ts ewf kbfugbitur`fj

sliter seklwolrl `f tol wercd.

^cbff`fj w`cc flld te tbal suio `ftlrdlplfdlfi`ls `fte biieuft. Bs lvlry liecej`st

afews, yeu ibf‐t de must efl to`fj.



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 2:

0. To`s `s fet pcuj-bfd-pcby1 `t `s i`v`c`zbtèf

rlheet

Lflrjy trbfs`tèfs iobfjl lvlryto`fj. Grek b puhcì rlcbtèfs stbfdpe`ft, `t kby hl

olcpguc te j`vl pec`tì`bfs er tol jlflrbc puhcì tol `kprlssèf tobt c`gl w`cc je ef bshlgerl wo`cl wl ufpcuj iebc pewlr pcbfts bfd pcuj `f secbr pbflcs, hut tol rlbc`ty w`cc

prehbhcy hl qu`tl d`gglrlft. Dur`fj o`sterì lflrjy trbfs`tèfs, liefek`ls bfd pec`tìbc

systlks ufdlrwlft pregeufd kltbkerpoesls. Tolrl `s fe rlbsef te suppesl tobt `t w`cc

hl d`gglrlft to`s t`kl breufd. @g to`s `s defl r`jot, tol iobfjls tobt kust tbal pcbil w`cc

hr`fj w`to tolk eppertuf`t`ls ger sei`ltbc `kprevlklft bfd tol jrlbtlr wlcchl`fj eg

lvlryefl—`ficud`fj tol rlst eg tol hèspolrl.

* * *

Ger lvlry bfswlr Dbv`d Gr`dcly bfd @ `dlft`g`ld te tol prehclk eg oew te pewlr b

kedlrf `fdustr`bc sei`lty w`to 2>> plrilft rlflwbhcl lflrjy, `t sllkld tobt efl er

kerl qulstèfs peppld up. Ger lxbkpcl, b kbss`vl dlpceyklft eg lclitrì ibrs weucd

drbstìbccy rlduil eur dlplfdlfil ef e`c—hut oew w`cc wl kbal lclitrì ibrs w`toeut

gess`c gulcs ger pcbstìs bfd t`rls5 Tol o`jo tlkplrbturls ger `fdustr`bc preilssls usld te

kbal jcbss bfd stllc ger toesl ibrs ieucd hl suppc`ld hy rlflwbhcl lclitrì`ty, hut bt

wobt prìl5 Bfd oew w`cc wl hu`cd bfd rlpb`r rebds5

Ytud`ls soew`fj bf lbsy bfd bggerdbhcl pbto te 2>> plrilft rlflwbhcl lflrjy typìbccy

obvl bf bjlfdb w`to woìo wl lft`rlcy iefiur= tol trbfs`tèf bwby grek gess`c gulcs bfd

tewbrd rlflwbhcl lflrjy kust eiiur, wobtlvlr tol rebdhceias. Yekl eg toesl

rebdhceias tbal tol gerk eg s`kpcl `flrt`b= iekpbf`ls—`fdlld, woecl sei`lt`ls—w`cc

`fvlst `f gufdbklftbc iobfjls te tol`r wbys eg de`fj hus`flss efcy wolf toly obvl te,

bfd kest brl qu`tl iekgertbhcl w`to tol`r iurrlft gess`c-gulc-dlplfdlft preilssls,

suppcy iob`fs, bfd eg ieursl sufa iests.

Ytud`ls icb`k`fj tobt b trbfs`tèf te rlflwbhcl lflrjy w`cc hl lbsy bfd iest-grll kby

bccby glbrs bfd tous olcp splld tol trbfs`tèf. Oewlvlr, swllp`fj bitubc d`ggìuct`ls

ufdlr tol ibrplt bcse dlcbys iefgreft`fj tolk. Zl flld te stbrt few te bddrlss tol

prehclks eg lflrjy dlkbfd bdbptbtèf, eg hbcbfi`fj `ftlrk`ttlfiy `f lflrjy suppcy



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 2?

grek secbr bfd w`fd, bfd eg lflrjy suhst`tutèf `f toeusbfds eg `fdustr`bc preilssls.

Toesl brl h`j mehs, bfd `jfer`fj tolk wef‐t kbal tolk je bwby.

@g kbfy eg tol ufafewfs `f tol rlflwbhcl lflrjy trbfs`tèf `kpcy rebdhceias bfd splld

hukps, sekl ieucd turf eut te hl eppertuf`t`ls, bfd wl iollrguccy biafewcldjl tobt

kbfy iefufdruks kby hl kuio kerl lbs`cy secvld tobf iurrlftcy bpplbrs càlcy. Ger

lxbkpcl, `t `s iefil`vbhcl tobt flw tliofìbc bdvbfils ieucd rlsuct `f b zlre-ibrhef

ilklft tobt `s iolbplr te kbal tobf tol iurrlft ibrhef-`ftlfs`vl vbr`lty.22 Hut tobt‐s

lxtrlklcy ufcàlcy te obpplf uft`c slrèus bttlftèf `s j`vlf te tol prehclk.

Bt tol lfd eg tol rlflwbhcl lflrjy trbfs`tèf, `g `t `s suiilssguc, wl w`cc bio`lvl sbv`fjs

`f efje`fj lflrjy lxplfd`turls flldld ger lbio `firlklft eg liefekì preduitèf, bfd

wl kby hl rlwbrdld w`to b qubc`ty eg c`gl tobt `s biilptbhcl bfd plrobps prlglrbhcl evlr

eur iurrlft efl (lvlf toeujo, ger kest Bklrìbfs, kbtlr`bc iefsukptèf w`cc hl sibcldhbia grek `ts iurrlft ufsustb`fbhcl clvlc). Zl w`cc jlt b kuio kerl stbhcl ic`kbtl tobf

weucd etolrw`sl hl tol ibsl, bcefj w`to jrlbtcy rlduild olbcto bfd lfv`refklftbc

`kpbits grek lflrjy preduitèf bit`v`t`ls.

Hut tol trbfs`tèf w`cc lftb`c iests—`f tlrks eg kefly, rljucbtèf, bfd tol rlqu`rlklft

te iobfjl eur hlobvèr bfd lxplitbtèfs. Bfd dlcby weucd hl gbtbc.

Xliekklfdbtèfs

Hlcew brl sekl sujjlstèfs jlbrld spli`gìbccy te lfv`refklftbc fefpreg`ts bfd

gufdlrs.

Lfv`refklftbc erjbf`zbtèfs

• Irlbtl sei`bc keklftuk te suppert b jcehbc pewlrdewf, olcp`fj prlpbrl sei`lty

ger bf lggert bfd b so`gt bs oujl bs tol @fdustr`bc Xlvecutèf. Zo`cl tol iefilrf

bheut prev`d`fj eppeflfts w`to bkkuf`tèf s ufdlrstbfdbhcl, dewfpcby`fj er

`jfer`fj tol rlbc `kpcìbtèfs eg tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf kby fet efcy lfjlfdlr

22 Yusbf Arblklr, "]lre Ibrhef Ilklft reduitèf w`to Yecbr Tolrkbc," Iclbf Tliofìb, Bpr`c 2>, 8>28,ottp=//iclbftliofìb.iek/8>28/>4/2>/zlre-ibrhef-ilklft-preduitèf-w`to-secbr-tolrkbc/. To`s brtìcl s bf lxbkpcl, hut tol–iolbplr te kbal‛ dlplfds ef tol sbcl eg tol rlsuctbft ibrhef kefex`dl, tol prìl eg woìo toly i`tl s iurrlft. @g tol kbraltwlrl lxpbfdld w`to ilklft IE, tolf tol prìl weucd drep drbkbtìbccy s`fil tolrl weucd hl evlr b h`ccèf teffls eg IE te slcc.




d`strust, `t k`jot bcse wbstl bf eppertuf`ty te prev`dl plepcl w`to b slfsl eg

bjlfiy.

• Zolrl aly usls eg gess`c gulcs brl lspli`bccy obrd te suhst`tutl (bv`btèf gulc, ger

lxbkpcl), brjul ger wera-breufds (suio bs rb`c) er ger tol kbfbjld, jrbdubc

sibc`fj dewf eg toesl usls.

• Lxpcerl oew tol trbfs`tèf ieucd prev`dl sbt`sgy`fj c`vlcòeeds bfd suppert

tor`v`fj ceibc`zld, stlbdy stbtl, i`riucbr liefek`ls. Tol Trbfs`tèf Fltwera obs

bcrlbdy j`vlf iefs`dlrbhcl toeujot te to`s.28 Erjbf`zbtèfs eg yeufj erjbfì

gbrklrs bfd gbrklr trb`f`fj slrvìls efcy sirbtio tol surgbil eg wobt `s flldld.29

Tol Hus`flss Bcc`bfil ger Ceibc C`v`fj Liefek`ls (HBCCL) `s prev`d`fj

fltwera`fj slrvìls ger sustb`fbhcl lftlrpr`sls, hut ieucd plrobps prev`dl kerl

eg b trb`f`fj gufitèf `g `t wlrl suppertld te de se.

• Tbal b clbdlrso`p recl `f `f`t`bt`fj v`sèfbry premlits te gurtolr tol lflrjy

trbfs`tèf, tolf lfc`st iekkuf`t`ls te tbal toesl premlits ef, bfd te hlflg`t grek

tolk. Tolsl ieucd hl rlflwbhcl lflrjy, ceibc geed, trbfspert, `kpert

suhst`tutèf, rliyic`fj, er lflrjy lggì`lfiy premlits—tol pess`h`c`t`ls brl flbrcy

lfdclss.

• @f bdd`tèf te rls`st`fj tol dek`fbfil eg gess`c gulcs, lfjbjl w`to iekkuf`t`ls te

irlbtl plrsubs`vl kedlcs eg oew plepcl ibf c`vl bfd tor`vl w`to kuio-rlduild

rlc`bfil ef gess`c gulcs.

• Bdveibtl ger b must trbfs`tèf te rlflwbhcl lflrjy tobt hlflg ts bcc plepcl bfd

iekkuf`t`ls. @g tol FJE wercd delsf‐t de to`s, woe w`cc5 Bfd w`toeut suio

bdveibiy, tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf ieucd bitubccy lxbilrhbtl lx`st`fj `flqu`ty.

ô`cbftorepy

Tol po`cbftorepì sliter `flv`tbhcy lxlrts b vlry cbrjl `fgculfil evlr tol prèr`t`ls eg

fefpreg`t erjbf`zbtèfs tobt t gufds. Gufdlrs soeucd firlbs`fjcy suppert=

28 Yll ger lxbkpcl tol XLiefeky premlit, ottp=//www.rliefeky.erj.29 Yll ger lxbkpcl tol Jrllfoerfs, ottp=//www.toljrllfoerfs.flt1 tol Bjrìucturl bfd Cbfd-Hbsld Trb`f`fj Bssei`btèf,ottp=//www.bchbgbrklrs.erj1 Xejul Gbrk Ierps, ottp=//www.rejulgbrkierps.erj1 bfd Jrllfhbfa Gbrk,ottp=//jrllfhbfagbrk.h`z/egs/.



Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^ 82 8>

• Lggerts te lduibtl bfd `fsp`rl i`t`zlfs bheut tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf.

• ^remlits tobt `fvecvl dlvlcepklft eg flw liefekì kedlcs tobt lfbhcl plepcl te

c`vl w`to clss lflrjy, hut `f wbys tobt hr`fj jrlbtlr c`gl sbt`sgbitèf.

•

Xlpcìbhcl kedlcs eg iekkuf`ty dlvlcepklft tobt `ficudl tba`fj iobrjl eg ceibc

lflrjy preduitèf bfd rldui`fj gess`c gulc dlkbfd biress kbfy sliters.

Gufdlrs ieucd bcse olcp tol fefpreg`t iekkuf`ty v`lw tol lflrjy trbfs`tèf bs b

systlkì trbfsgerkbtèf, efl tobt efcy hlj`fs w`to soutt`fj dewf iebc pewlr pcbfts.

Tol tliofìbc ieerd`fbtèf eg tol rlflwbhcl trbfs`tèf `s `tslcg bf lferkeus tbsa, bfd

iurrlftcy fehedy `s obfdc`fj `t. @t w`cc càlcy rlqu`rl b jcehbc butoer`ty te dltlrk`fl oew

te d`rlit tol usl eg tol wercd‐s rlkb`f`fj hurfbhcl gess`c gulcs—woltolr tewbrd tol

gurtolr jrewto eg iefvlftèfbc kbfugbitur`fj bfd trbfspertbtèf, er tewbrd tol hu`cd-

eut eg rlflwbhcl lflrjy-hbsld jlflrbtèf bfd iefsukptèf `fgrbstruiturl. Efcy suio bf

butoer`ty ieucd jcehbccy prèr`t`zl bfd ieerd`fbtl sliterbc so`gts (`f bjrìucturl,

trbfspert, kbfugbitur`fj, bfd hu`cd`fjs) te rlduil gess`c gulc iefsukptèf bs quìacy bs

pess`hcl w`toeut rldui`fj liefekì hlflg`ts `f ufbiilptbhcl wbys.

Hut `f tol bhslfil eg suio bf `ftlrfbtèfbc butoer`ty, tol efus eg to`s wera w`cc gbcc

cbrjlcy upef fefpreg`t lfv`refklftbc erjbf`zbtèfs bfd tol`r gufdlrs, bcefj w`to

fbtèfbc bfd ceibc jevlrfklfts.

Efl wby er bfetolr, `t‐s t`kl te kbal b pcbf—bs iekprlolfs`vl bfd dltb`cld bs wl ibf

kbfbjl—bfd ruf w`to `t, rlv`s`fj `t bs wl je. Bfd te –slcc‛ tobt pcbf, oeflstcy hut

sa`ccguccy, te pecìy kbalrs bfd eur glccew i`t`zlfs.



Bheut tol Butoer

Xìobrd Ol`fhlrj `s Ylfèr Glccew-`f-Xls`dlfil bt êst Ibrhef @fst`tutl bfd w`dlcy

rljbrdld bs efl eg tol wercd‐s gerlkest lduibters ef tol flld te trbfs`tèf bwby

grek gess`c gulcs. Ol `s tol bwbrd-w`ff`fj butoer eg twlcvl heeas, `ficud`fj sekl eg

tol slk`fbc weras ef sei`lty‐s iurrlft lflrjy bfd lfv`refklftbc sustb`fbh`c`ty

ir`s`s suio bs Tol ^brty‐s Evlr= E`c, Zbr & tol Gbtl eg @fdustr`bc Yei`lt`ls (8>>9)

bfd Tol Lfd eg Jrewto= Bdbpt`fj tol Eur Flw Liefekì Xlbc`ty (8>22).

Ol`fhlrj obs butoerld sierls eg lssbys bfd brtìcls tobt obvl bpplbrld `f suio

meurfbcs bs Fbturl , Bklrìbf ^resplit , ûhcì ecìy Xlslbrio , Tol Liecej`st ,

Lureplbf Hus`flss Xlv`lw , Lbrto @scbfd Meurfbc , bfd tol Ior`st`bf Yi`lfil Kef`ter .

Ol obs hllf quetld bfd `ftlrv`lwld ieuftclss t`kls ger pr`ft, tlclv`sèf, bfd rbdè.

Ol `s b rli`p`lft eg tol K. A`fj Ouhhlrt Bwbrd ger Lxilcclfil `f Lflrjy Lduibtèf,

bfd `f 8>28 wbs bppe`ftld te O`s Kbmlsty tol A`fj eg Houtbf‐s @ftlrfbtèfbc LxplrtZera`fj Jreup ger tol Flw Dlvlcepklft ^brbd`jk `f`t`bt`vl.

Xlflwbhcl lflrjy bgtlr IE^82=

F`fl `ssuls ger ic`kbtl clbdlrs te to`fa bheut ef tol meurfly oekl

Hy Xìobrd Ol`fhlrj

Iepyr`jot © 8>2< hy êst Ibrhef @fst`tutl. Bcc r`jots rlslrvld.

êst Ibrhef @fst`tutlYbftb Xesb, Ibc`gerf`b, \YB

pestibrhef.erj

Ievlr `kbjl © J`rbggbrtl / Youttlrsteia.

Renewable Energy After COP21: Nine Issues for Climate Leaders to Think About on the Journey Home

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