Renaissance Travel Guide Jee Yeon

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Italy !e travel guide JEE YEON Published in 1653

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Transcript of Renaissance Travel Guide Jee Yeon

Page 1: Renaissance Travel Guide Jee Yeon

Italy!e travel guide

JEE YEON

Published in 1653

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INTRODUCTION

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Introduction

This book is about the everyday life in modern day. It includes the information of map of Italy, cities to visit, how to get around, customs and manners, what to wear, what to see and do, what to eat, how to stay safe and heathy and the famous people in present time.

Today, there are hundreds of incredible artist, inventors and also has its dark side covered with poverty, and diseases. It is said that in 1400s in Italy, there was a largest period of growth and development in the Western Europe. This happening led Italy to become a wealthy country. Mainly, the trade system is beginning to in-crease and there is a rumor that the popularity will cause abundance in their wealth especially in the field of art. For example, literature, paintings, sculptures and many other fields are blossoming quite well in different places now.

Nowadays the change of art style is so great that people are considering todays as a fantastic period. Famous artist such as Giotto and Tommaso Masaccio created new perspectives styles. As the new style has created, new painters are beginning to make new techniques such as shades of light and dark to create the illusion of depth. Therefore, when you go to see an art gallery, you will realize that all the pictures in there look very realistic. On the other hand, Italians merchants are an expert and professionals, and the products in nowadays is starting to increase.

There are some powerful city-states in Italy, which are Florence, Rome and Ven-ice. These states are growing up with its own character in today’s period.

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Picture 1: A picture of man taken in these days

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TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Detailed map of Italy---------------3 2.Cities to visit---------------------------------------4 -Florence, Rome, Venice3. How to get around--------------------------------74. Customs and Manners----------------------------8 -Day to day life, Table manners, Religion5. What to wear------------------------------------116. What to see and do------------------------------14 -Art, Architecture, Music7. Where to stay-------------------------------------178. What to eat--------------------------------------18 -Food and drinks, Recipe9. How to stay safe and healthy-------------------2110. Who's who?------------------------------------23 -Leonardo Da Vinci, William Shakespeare Galileo Galilei, Michelangelo Buonaroti 11. Bibliography-----------------------------------27

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Detailed Map Of Italy

Picture1: Map of today’s Italy, (Thomas Pearcy, Ph.D. and Mary Dickson, 1997)

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In 13th century, Italy was consisted of 200 states which were ruled by a city. Only Florence, Milan and Venice had the most prominent role and Genua, Pisa and Venice were harbors. These cities were able to invade most of the states that have connec-tion with the sea.

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Cities To Visit

FLORENCEMost of the changes in todays happens in the Italian city of Florence. The

writers, artists, architects, and philosophers all are making Florence wonderful cul-ture these days. Florence is very interesting place where people can enjoy many things. In 1425, the city had a population of 60,000. Florence is a self-governed and an in-dependent city-state. There are five main classes of inhabitants – the aristocracy, the merchants, the soldiers, army and the clergy. While the riches held more power, the city grew under the merchants. The basis of Florence’s commercial suc-cess is the trades. The riches and the people held in high positions in the govern-ment are the most influential people in society, politics and economics in Flor-ence. Due to of its strong society, trades started to increase wealth and Florence are still expanding as it thrived. The most powerful association in Florence is the textile workers. Textile workers have different type of jobs but they regard their clothing as the most im-portant part of their process. So, much of Florence’s wealth is relied on the manu-facture or trade of cloth, particularly good quality of wool. The superior quality of wool is often purchased from mostly in England and Iberia. Textile workers have the job to clean, spin, dye, and wove the wool into excellent quality of clothing. After that, they sell their finished items in Italy. Since Florence is not a port city like Venice, trading through water is not the primary source of its income. There-fore, some of the families in Florence are known as the successful bankers.

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Several  Italian  cities  are  independent of both  the  empire  and  the  church. These  cities  such  as  Florence,  Rome  and Venice  is  known  as  having  the highest  possibility  of  trades between Europe  and  the  Middle  East.  Princi‐pally,  Venice  and  Florence  are  the  two  cities  that  holds  the  power  and wealth. However, different countries in Italy are also now gaining their own technology  by  improving  the  art,  architecture,  and  mathematic  skills. Therefore, are you ready to discover the cities in Italy?

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ROME

Rome is an attractive place where people can relax. The population in this day of Rome is about 55000. In the beginning of 15th century, the city of Rome was unoccupied because of the transfer of the papal court to Avignon, in France. It caused a severe economic crisis as the problem got more serious. This has forced the population to abandon the city. However, as the Pope Martin V re-established the Papal in Rome, the city began to born in a new city again. By the end of the 15th century, it began to be a great capital.

Rome is the center of innovations and developments in architecture and art. Artists and architects in Rome reached the pinnacle of their respective disciplines and many new buildings started to change to the face of Rome’s landscape. The Sistine Chapel is the most representative example of the Architectures nowadays. It is decorated with extraordinary frescoes along the walls. Its fame came from Mi-chelangelo’s work, which is all up on the ceiling. Another great Renaissance artist in Vatican was Raphael. He decorated lots of rooms in the Vatican, while Miche-langelo painted the ceiling of Sistine chapel. They are all regarded as the famous painters, and still many other painters are following their techniques to make an attempt to create their own style.

Together with the art and architecture, the Rome plays a significant role in this period, showing various of types form of decorations in different places.

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Picture 1: View of Rome in 1493

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Venice played an unique role in the past. In 1400’s, the city had a population of 110,000. Just as with Florence, Venice was a republic during the Renaissance. Venice had a stable political climate and thriving trade economy and both of them survived outbreaks of the Black Death and the fall of major trading partner. Art in Venice is mostly representa-tional. Schools are the most important to all the people in Florence. It is beneficial and have professional educations especially in the field of art. Speaking about these days art in Venice, it is like speaking about the famous artists that had done their work in this city. In fact, many Venetian artists still take inspiration from Raffaello and Miche-langelo, who were considered high-status artists. Venetian painters are keenly inter-ested in the relationship between light and color. They also have a distinct method of brushwork. Their art works are so amazing that they all look strange as if they are really alive. From different famous painters, Venice is going be birthed to a distinct school of painting.

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VENICE

Picture 1: Venice in Italy

Picture 2: Venice in Italy

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How To Get Around

BY LANDLand transportation is considered as the easiest way to get things done

quickly. Most of the noblemen or merchants ride in carriages and on horse to travel around. Some wealthiest are carried on a litter. However, horses are very expensive for average person, so the horses are rarely use for personal transporta-tion for the poor. They generally ride an ox and the next step would be a donkey. More often, people walked between the towns. Roads are very rocky and are dan-gerous; it is not straight enough to travel around by land. Common vehicles for traveling on land in today’s Italy include horses, pack mules, wagons and for the wealthy, and coaches.

BY WATERWater transportation is the cheapest form of transportation at this moment in

time. Since the source of the power and wind are free, transporting by land is used for most of the trade between the countries by farmers. Merchants, missionaries and soldiers are the most likely to use sea travel currently in Italy. As trade and ex-ploration increased, overseas travel became more popular. Even though the ship-ping is very popular, the problems that everybody considered are the weather. Storms and harmful weather could easily sink a ship are always a problem to them while they arre on the sea to travel.

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It  is very hard to get  around these  days. There are  lots of bumpy grounds and  has  no  any  advanced technology  on  the  roads. However,  despite  the fact that the grounds are not yet developed, the primary method of moving around is on foot or the horseback. The sea routes were used for importing the goods from distance places. In order to get to know this well, I recom‐mend you to take a chance to ride the horse!

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Customs And Manners

DAY-TO-DAY LIFEWomen

The women in this day generally are bearers of kids and keeping the house-holds. Women are the most influential people now, filling a greater variety of pro-fessional jobs, and have more responsibilities. The duties of women are varied and arduous. Only a few wealthy women are able to escape from these jobs, which includes making clothes. After the 13th century, women are no longer having the responsible to make production of basic supplies because these productions be-came male trades. Women started to focus on one or two jobs, which included carding and spinning wool. Since the women have less freedom of movement in lower classes, they have overwhelming duties and took lots of responsibilities than the men. Women are always stressed by the physical strains, childbearing and by countless hard labor to take care for family. Sometimes, the wife of craftsman had the ability to take over the shop when her husband was dead. Moreover, through marriage or as their father’s heir, women occasionally rose above their roles. A few women made their way to successful painters and sculptors. They took over the business because the jobs needed high grade of technical achievement.

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Customs and Manners are the most important factors presently. People fol‐low rules in each situations and they have different life. It is so awesome to find out how people live in these times. 

Picture 1: Italian Women

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Children Children in these days are very vulnerable to disease and death. Many chil-dren in wealthy family dies of illness. However, those children who survived from illness are extremely lucky. Then, the mother of that child is lucky to end up with one grown child. In addition, the parents usually die at the age of thirty, leaving children to grow up without both parents. It is said that the death of children and adults is considered to be a matter of destiny. It happen so often that people be-lieve this is a normal occasion. Children have no rights when they are born. In some cases, children could be sold to make money by parents. Each of the children from different status had different rights. If the child is a peasant, they will be working in the kitchen. Mid-dle class children whose parents are merchants will be beginning to learn how to trade with others. Noble daughters learn how to accomplish and attractive in order to earn profitable marriage arrangement for their families. The educations for children during Renaissance become more important and popular. Primarily, the noble children often studied for six hours per day and went to university at the age of fifteen. However, the boy’s education is more extensive than the girls. Different classes of children learnt different things. Privileged fami-lies had their children to learn Latin, Greek, logic, and philosophy.

TABLE MANNERSThe food in is always served in a long wooden plate. The riches have some

types of metal or silver plates instead of wooden ones. Middle classes have wooden plates and few of them have metal plates. Of course, the very poor had their food in a wooden plate. All of the people surround by the table eat from these different types of trenchers by scooping out food with their fingers. However, the people aren’t entirely without table manners in modern days. They have few general rules that were expected to follow in dinner time which are:

- No spitting across the table. - No dipping meat directly into the salt dish. - No picking ones teeth with a finger or knife.

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RELIGIONThe Catholic Church is dominant in

most of the states in Europe. The church is the center of all community life, because the clergymen are the only ones in a town who are able to write. As the technology start to develop, the church played a key role in the center of people’s life and shel-ter from wars and plague. However, there are some major factors that wakened the church’s influence includes the Rise of Humanism, the invention of the Printing Press and the work of individual Reform-ers.

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POLITICS Variety of different types of government exists in Italy, but for the most part, aristo-cratic families rules the politics. The major political accomplishment In Italy is the es-tablishment of effective government. North-ern Europe are rising of national monarchies headed by kings, especially in England and France. Italy’s rise of the territorial city-state often are headed by wealthy families. The chain of being concept provid different cities for the authority of such rulers. Other ideals and values that represent in the literature are even considered as the important thing. It is the movement known as “Humanism“ that express most fully the values of the Italy nowadays.

Picture 1: Italian church

Picture 2: One of the politicians in Italy

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What To Wear

The clothing is spoken much about the social standing of the wearer. Clothing is a symbol of “status”. By looking at the clothes in Italy, one could easily distin-guish between aristocracy or nobility and the lower classes. Wearing clothes is ex-tremely important for people currently.

The rich wear fabrics such as velvet, satin and cotton, while the poor wear flannel and other types of clothing. Cotton is regarded as a rich person’s clothing. In these days, cotton wis not easily available and it os imported from India and America. Since clothing would keep possession of value and have significant so-ciol importance, people pawn them if hard times came. Even the kings and the queens pawned their clothing too.

Picture 3: German noble ladies, early 15th century

Picture 1: ]Italian clothing, 1st half of 15th century

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In these days, fashion mirrors the advancing culture, as increasing trade made more clothing materials available. Different classes of people wear different types of clothing. They have jewelry and furs to decorate them‐selves. It is amazing that today’s clothes have different styles and its mean‐ing.

Picture 2: Italian fancy dress

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Men’s clothing are simple looking and clear. Most of the men in Italy commonly wear boots, pants, shirt, a vest and a hat.. The initial focus was square fashion, and not it is changing into a barrel look. To achieve the appropriate the square look, the coat is widened at the shoulders, shoes are square toed and a wide hat is used to complete the square look.

Picture 1:Men’s clothing,

(Charlene Christmon, Mario Hunter, and Raquel

Nash,1997)

Picture 2: Women’s clothing,

(Charlene Christmon, Mario Hunter,

and Raquel Nash,1997)

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As there are some different levels of clothes, men and women wear dissimi‐lar clothes as well. Men’s had its characteristics and the women’s had its characteristics too. 

Women have their own styles in Italy, as clothing fashion became popular. The women generally braid their long hair and the curls are a mark of their beauty. Women commonly wore shoes, an over and under skirt, a shirt, a bodice, and a hat or snood Women’s hair coverings go from the pointed cone style with no hair to show to the others. As the time passed, covering is introduced, which called a cap. The weather and age determines if they have to cover their head. Mostly, the older women wear caps but the younger ones don’t unless the weather is bad. Wigs craft from peasant’s hair are also very popular in these days.

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Italian wedding dress is made of rich fabrics and jewels. Some of them are more extravagant, having a lot of details and intricate design to look prettier. These kind of dresses are expensive these days, which requires excellent skills to make. When people go to the wedding they usually wear finest clothing. Usually, the bride make her hair down and add a circlet of flowers to look pretty. However, the white was not a wedding color until much later.

Italian clothes are such an important thing that upper classes of nobility and ar-istocracy would spend all their money on what they wear everyday. The women decorates their dresses really pretty in their style. Clothing is not only limited to England, which Queen Elizabeth is ruling, but the influence is spreading to the European countries such as Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Flanders and Poland.

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Picture 1: Italian wedding dress with beautiful patterns

Picture 1: Italian wedding dress

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What To See And Do

ARTArts is very important part in todays life. There are many famous artists alive

working on different artworks. Their aim is to show human beauty and life’s pleas-ures in their paintings. Most of its arts are more lifelike than other paintings. Often the backgrounds are painted in the natural world. Renaissance painters not only portray objects, they often filled their canvases with more objects and depict accu-rately as possible. Famous artists studies different things such as perspective, or the differences in the way things look. They consider things about when they are close or far away to something. As a result, all of the artist in modern times have their paintings a dept of meaning.

GIOTTO DI BONDONEGiotto Di Bondone was one of the first to paint in this new style of looking

close and far away. He was from Florence and he lived more than a century before the beginning of the Renaissance. In the paintings that he drew, the bodies look solid, and the background shows the style of perspective.

Picture 1: 15 Masaccio Tribute Money,(Maurice Lamouroux,1998)

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The most interesting part of the Italy are the art, architecture and musics. Each of them play an important role in present time. There are still many artist and architects working on their work. I hope you go to Leonardo Da Vinci’s art gallery to enjoy yourself!

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LEONARDO DA VINCILeonardo Da Vinci was also the most famous artist during the Renaissance pe-

riod. He was born in 1452 in the Village of Vinci. He began to work in Florence for master painter. He started to set up his own workshop. He drew famous paint-ings such as Mona Lisa, which people have been trying to guess the secret behind Mona Lisa’s smile. He was truly a “Renaissance Man” because he was skillful in several of fields. He was a scientist and an inventor as well as an artist. He in-vented different machines, and he even designed wings that he hoped a person fly like a bird.

MICHELANGELO BUONARROTIFurthermore, another famous artist was called Michelangelo Buonarroti. He

was also a truly “Renaissance Man” because he was also talented in many fields. His paintings cover the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the building where new popes are selected for more than five hundred years. His painting describes the Book of Genesis.

Picture 1: The Last Supper, the picture that Leonardo Da Vinci drew

Picture 2: The Creation of Adam, the picture that Michelangelo

Buonarroti drew

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ARCHITECTUREThere are many great architectures that you can see around the cities in flor-

ence. Famous artist often decorate the building with different styles of paintings. Wealthy people in Italy use Roman style, building the four sides of their homes around a courtyard. Simple shapes and decorations were applied to the buildings and some of the buildings featured ancient temples.

Architects also use different method of building host of architectures. Italian ar-chitects doesn’t use the shape of a cross as a basis for their structures of the build-ing. Instead of using the shape of a cross, they base the building on the circle. People say that ancient mathematicians drew circles with geometric perfection. circles usually represent the perfection of the God.

MUSICMusic is one of people’s interest in Italy. People figured out as they attempt to

make different pitches on stringed instruments by using different proportions. For example, if it is dived of 2:1, the sound will be an octave above the original tone. By doing these activities, musicians tries to make their own music.

Composers found out that making music sound happy for words of joy and grief. When they learn about the Greek drama, with music, this brought the audi-ence to deep feelings of sadness with tears. Music are often played during these days to have both fun and relax.

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Picture 1: Italian florence duomo

Picture 2: One of the Italian architecture in these days

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Where To Stay

PRIVATE HOMESThere are very few inns when you look around in Italy. If you want to visit Italy, you

should ask a stranger people to stay at least one day. Once you are inside the house, you can see a barn because people in Italy used to raise pigs, chickens and cattle. A storage for saving crops is also could be found inside the house. It is better to think of yourself not a guest to a house. It is said that people should be welcoming people who wants to stay in their house. Most of the people in Italy have good manner, which means that visi-tors will accept the offer to host. However, the poor live in shacks with roofs that lets rain, snow and other extreme harsh conditions to come in. Since, they have so little money, they use logs to consider to be a bed for them. They also didn’t have any beds to take care of themselves. In contrast, the wealthy people have wooden beams hold up in the ceilings. Expensive tiles and carpet are covered on the floor. Compare between the poor and rich, they have a huge differences of living conditions.

PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS You can also have the opportunity to find Inns in outside of countryside. In some ar-eas in Italy, the competition with the inn workers is so thought that they may carry your bags to their inn. Therefore, you should keep your eyes open to find a good inn. Good inns are partially in colorful designs. Tiny inns may have just of a branch or piece of grapevine hanging on the door. Some inns are nice and clean but many inns are very dirty. There are lots of rumors that Innkeepers are known as robberies and murders who can rob anything while you are outside of the inn. You should be careful of this when you want to visit Italy.

MONASTERY Monastery is a place where monks live. Whenever visitors want to borrow a room, they give out supplements that they need, which include clothes, food and bed. How-ever, if the visitor is very rich, they have to donate to them. It is very interesting to learn that monastery have unique rules.

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In the present day, there are very few inns can be found. People usually go to stranger’s home to  spend at  least one day. However, people often wel‐come the guests to spend for few days at their own house. You don’t have to worry if you want to book for a room.

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What To Eat

FOOD AND DRINKSItalian food is as sophisticate and complicate for people who doesn’t know how

to cook well. The food is always prepare to please both the palate and the eye.Root vegetables such as carrots and caraway are the most popular food. As-

paragus is only the finest tables that could be afford to serve it. Salads such as en-dive, chicory and lettuce are also popular food.

Moreover, fruit is also the most popular type food presently. It is believed that raw fruit was poisonous so people didn’t eat most of raw fruits. Fruit is served as a last course which is the fruit course. The most common fruit dishes include mar-malades and compotes.

Especially the soups are very rich, expensive. In order to please the eye and the taste, they are made of various colors and sweetened with sugar. The soup is very tasty and is taken instead of sweets. There are different types of soups made with mustard, millet and verjuice. Due to of its great value, the French are known as the greatest soup-eaters in todays.

In the 15th Century, the customs of salads after roasts are established. It con-tained several mixtures, such as cooked vegetables, crests, livers and brains. After eating the salads, fish is served; sometimes it is fried and sometimes sliced with eggs. The food in these days are so delicious that people usually have fun in most of the lunch or dinner time.

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Italy is developing their food nowadays. People started to make new reci‐pes to cook. There are some recipes shown below to help you, and if you want to create it by yourself, then try it in your house and enjoy it!

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RECIPEThe cooking in nowadays is not easy. Dishes are made up with strange spices

and dangerous ingredients. Usually cooks use many of same type of ingredients that are very healthy for them. The dishes and recipes we prepare are neither in-edible nor dangerous, but it is really tasty and delicious that includes different nourishment such as meats, grains, fruits and vegetables. Their most tasty dishes are sauces, stews, pies, roasts and soups are just as good and enjoyable to eat.

However, the hardest part of creating Renaissance food is often getting to know the recipes of different kinds of food. Especially, the measurements are strictly re-quired differently.

Picture 1:Gutting a Hare early 16th century, (Hans Burgkmair) Picture 2: c 1490 kitchen scene

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This is how the recipe looks (how to make a gingerbread)

Gingerbread• 1 c honey • 1 c breadcrumbs • 1 t ginger • 1/4 t pepper • 1/4 t saunders • 1 T sugar • 30-40 whole cloves (~ 1 t) (or 5 t sugar, pinch powdered cloves)

Bring honey to a boil, simmer two or three minute, stir in breadcrumbs with a spatula until uniformly mixed. Remove from heat, stir in ginger, pepper, and saun-ders. When it is cool enough to handle, knead it to get spices thoroughly mixed. Put it in a box (I used a square corning-ware container with a lid), squish it flat and thin, sprinkle with sugar and put cloves ornamentally around the edge. Leave it to let the clove flavor sink in; do not eat the cloves. An alternative way of doing it is to roll into small balls, roll in sugar mixed with a pinch of cloves, then flatten them a little to avoid confusion with hais. This is suitable if you are making them today and eating them tomorrow.

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Picture 2: Renaissance cookingPicture 1: Renaissance cooking

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How To Stay Healthy

DISEASES AND DANGERSPlague and different kinds of disease in England are destroying almost half of

the population in the country. The plague is one of the worst things that killed most of the people in the past years. It still kills many people in nowadays who is very sick. Very few of the people survived from this disease and nobody could en-dure this hard situation. Since, there are no other medicines to cure the disease, people are having hardships. This disease is spreading rapidly in cities, where people stay all together. The only way to avoid disease is to leave the city. How-ever, this is only available for the wealthy to have the long trip.

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Picture 1: The bubonic plague (Black Death)

There are some rumors that when the disease increase to its point where peo-ple increasingly start to die out, it will cause a serious economic depression. In these days, people in the modern days worry about the fact that will cause them a critical problem. The merchants, bankers, suppliers, and shippers all lost revenue as the hardship spread throughout the community. However, as the incidence of plague started to go down, population started to increase, creating more new demand for goods and services.

In modern days, there are a host of diseases spreading around the Europe. These disease are very harmful to us and we are able to get this very easily. I recommend to you to be careful especially in the cities, where people stay together. Since, there are lots of people who are sick, you will be also in‐fected in some cases.

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Who’s Who?

Leonardo Da Vinci is born on April 15, 1452, in Vinci, Italy. Leonardo Da Vinci means “Leonardo from the town of Vinci,” and therefore he is generally referred to in short as “Leonardo” rather than as “ Da Vinci”. Growing up in his father’s home, Leonard access to scholarly texts. He had usual elementary education reading at this hometown. At the age of 17, Leonardo and his father moved to Florence, where he was able to meet Verrocchio. His brilliance soon eclipsed that of his master. In 1472, Leon-ardo became a member of the painter’s guild of Florence, where he could meet an-other great artist including Michelangelo Buonarroti. In 1481, Leonardo left Florence for Milan to enter the service of the duke of Mi-lan. During this time, he painted the Virgin of the Rocks and Last supper. By the time of 1499, Leonardo left Milan to Venice, where he consulted architecture from 1495 to 1499. During the period between 1503 and 1506, while working primarily in Florence, he painted Mona Lisa. Leonardo died on May 2, 1519 in Cloux, France.

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There are many artist and architects that are famous. The most famous and are  known  painters  are  Leonardo  Da Vinci  and Michelangelo  Buonarroti. The  greatest  writer  is William  Shakespeare  and  the  astronomer  is Galileo Galilei. They are not only an  important part of people  in Renaissance, but also  the  people who  left  us with  so many works  to enjoy and  learn. Let’s look at them and figure out how smart they are!

LEONARDO DA VINCI

Picture 1: The portrait of Leonardo Da Vinci

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William Shakespeare was born in 1564 at Stratford-upon-Avon. From the age of seven to 14, he went to Stratford Grammar School receiv-ing an excellent rounded education. When he was 18, he married Anne Hathaway. He en-dured her as long as enough and fled to London to become an actor. Then, he became an actor-manager and part-owner in the Black-friars. He was the first-rate actor. His plays are thought to be the high quality ever written in any language forms.

He wrote about 37 plays in different types such as historical romances, light, fantastic comedies, and tragedies. He was excellent busi-ness man, creating various

Shakespeare’s success in London theatre en-abled him to retire and return to his home in 1610. He lived there until his death on April 23, 1616

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WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

Picture 1: The Portrait of William Shakespeare

Picture 2: The Global Theater where William

Shakespeare showed his plays

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Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. Galileo began his studies in medicine at the University of Pisa. However, he soon to realized that he had a talent for mathematics. Afterwards, he became a professor of mathematics.

In1609, Galileo learned of the invention of the telescope. While learning the telescope, he con-structed a huge superior model. Galileo discov-ered different discoveries using his new telescope, including the Moon, the planet Jupiter and the planet Jupiter. He found out that the Moon was not smooth but bumpy and uneven - just like the Earth that we are living in. He then invented newly in-vented telescope to discover the four different of the moons of planets and studied sunspots on the Sun.

Galileo’s observations made people to believe that all other planted revolve around the Sun. Most of the popel in Galileo’s time believed that the Earth was the center of the universe and the Sun and other planets revolved around it. Galileo continued his study of astronomy and become more aware that all planets revolved around the Sun. In 1632, his book 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems' was published. This shows the arguments for and against the Coperni-can theory in the form of a discussion between two men. Later, he became blind and immobile at the age of 72. He died on January 8, 1642.

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GALILEO GALILEI

Picture 1: The Portrait of Galileo Galilei

Picture 2: Galileo Galilei’s discovery of the universe

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Michelangelo Buonarroti was born on March 6, 1475 in the village of Caprese, Italy. He was one of the most important artists in Renaissance period. At the age of 12, he received education from Domenico Ghirlandaio. However, he soon began to study another field, sculpture. He had great ability to get attention of Lorenzo de Me-dici, who was the ruler of Florence. He spent the years from 1494 to 1501 in Venice, where he fist started to build his statue called ‘La Pietà.’ Subsequently, Michelangelo returned to Flor-ence, where he produced the sculpture ‘David.’ From 1508 to 1512, Michelangelo worked on his most famous project, the ceilling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. Later, he painted “The Last Judgement” on the wall of the Sistine Chapel.

Toward the end of his life, Michelangelo were more interested in architecture and poetry. He died in Rome and February 18, 1564.

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MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI

Picture 1: The Portrait of Michelan-gelo Buonarroti

Picture 2: One of the Michelangelo Buonaroti’s painting, called “The Last

Judgement”, painted in 1534

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Bibliography1. "SparkNotes: Italian Renaissance (1330-1550): General Summary." SparkNotes: Today's Most Popular Study Guides. SparkNotes, 2009. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. <http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/renaissance1/summary.html>.2. "History: Brief Look at the Renaissance." Cyber Essays - Free Term Papers, Essays, and Re-ports! CyberEssays, 1997. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. <http://www.cyberessays.com/History/114.htm>.3. "Florence, Tuscany | Profile | CellarTours." Private Luxury Tours | Customized & Chauffeured | CellarTours. Cellar Tours MMVIX. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. <http://www.cellartours.com/italy/italian-cities/florence.html>.4. "Renaissance -- Focus on Florence." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Re-sources by Annenberg Media. Annenberg Media, 1997. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. <http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/florence.html>.5. "About Venice: Art History of Venice." About Venice: your tourist guide to Venice. About Ven-ice. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. <http://www.aboutvenice.org/art-history-of-venice.html>.\6. Esaak, Shelley. "The Renaissance in Venice - Art History Basics on the Venetian School - ca 1450-1600." Art History Resources for Students, Enthusiasts, Artists and Educators - Artist Biog-raphies - Art Timelines - Images and Picture Galleries. About.com, 2003. Web. 8 Oct. 2009. <http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/ven_ren.htm>.7. Monica, and Jonathan. "Renaissance History of Rome - Rome About." Avventure Bellissime - Italy Tours, Rome, Venice, Florence, Tuscany, Pompeii, Amalfi Tours & Shore Excursions. Linkness. Web. 9 Oct. 2009. <http://www.tours-italy.com/rome-about-renaissance_history_rome.htm>.8. "History of Rome: the Renaissance." About Rome: your tourist guide about Rome, Italy. About Roma. Web. 9 Oct. 2009. <http://www.aboutroma.com/history-of-rome/renaissance.html>.9. F, Naz. "Renaissance transportation? - Yahoo! Answers." Yahoo! Answers - Home. Yahoo! Inc, 2009. Web. 9 Oct. 2009. <http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090421190229AAsXJyA>.10. Shea, Lisa. "Transportation and Horses - Life in Medieval Days." Lisa Shea - Origami, Para-keets, Birding. Minerva WebWorks LLC, 2009. Web. 9 Oct. 2009. <http://www.lisashea.com/lisabase/writing/medieval/transportation.html>.11. Brown, Lorri. "Renaissance Table Manners: Changes in dining etiquette from the Middle Ages through the 1500s. | Suite101.com." W European History: Roman conquest to Viking inva-sions, Renaissance to Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, European Union to the War on Terror, Denmark to Portugal, Iceland to Germany. | Suite101.com. Suite101, 10 May 2007. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/renaissance_table_manners>.12. Joanne, Amanda, and Vlad. "R e n a i s s a n c e Daily life Women in the Renaissance." Oracle ThinkQuest Library. C006522 ThinkQuest team, 14 Aug. 2000. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006522/life/women.php>.

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13. Joanne, Amanda, and Vlad. "R e n a i s s a n c e Daily life Children in the Renaissance." Oracle ThinkQuest Library. C006522 ThinkQuest team, 14 Aug. 2000. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006522/life/children.php>.14. Joanne, Amanda, and Vlad. "R e n a i s s a n c e Religion Overview." Oracle ThinkQuest Li-brary. C006522 ThinkQuest team, 14 Aug. 2000. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006522/religion/overview.php>.15. "Introduction to the Renaissance." English Department, Brooklyn College, 30 Mar. 2009. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/ren.html>.16. "Renaissance clothing." A Parent's Guide to Internet Safety :Indianchild.com. .Indianchild.com, 2004. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. <http://www.indianchild.com/dresses/renaissance_clothing.htm>.17. Dr. Murphy. "Fashion in the European Renaissance." Swords and Armor. Optimus Interna-tional, 2005. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. <http://www.realarmorofgod.com/renaissance-fashion.html>.18. "Renaissance Fashion." Renaissance Wedding Ceremonies. Renaissanceweddings.net, 2001. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. <http://www.renaissance-weddings.net/renaissance_fashion.htm>.19. Dowling, Mike. "Renaissance Art." Browse the World at mrdowling.com. MrDowling.com, 1 Jan. 1999. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. <http://www.mrdowling.com/704-art.html>.20. "Renaissance -- Symmetry, Shape, Size." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Re-sources by Annenberg Media. Annenberg Media, 1997. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. <http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/symmetry_sub.html>.21. "Renaissance Food." Renaissance Art, Artists, and Society. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.renaissance-spell.com/Renaissance-Food.html>.22. Brown, Lorri. "Popular Renaissance Foods: New Foods From the Americas Were Introduced During the Renaissance | Suite101.com." W European History: Roman conquest to Viking inva-sions, Renaissance to Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, European Union to the War on Terror, Denmark to Portugal, Iceland to Germany. | Suite101.com. Suite101, 6 May 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/popular_renaissance_foods>.23. "Italian Renaissance Food." Translation Services | Interpreters | Intercultural Communication | Cross Cultural Training. Kwintessential. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/Italy/Italian-Renaissance-Food/1313>.24. "Eating in the Renaissance." RENAISSANCE. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://www.internal.schools.net.au/edu/lesson_ideas/renaissance/renaissance_cookery_wksht.html>.25. CaT0iN0tHe0HaT. "The Black Death | Socyberty." Socyberty | Society on the Web. Socy-berty, 16 Dec. 2007. Web. 12 Oct. 2009. <http://socyberty.com/history/the-black-death-2/>.

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26. "Renaissance -- Out of the Middle Ages." Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Resources by Annenberg Media. Annenberg Media, 1997. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/middleages.html>.27. Chew, Robin. "Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance Artist and Inventor." Lucidcafé Interactive Café and Information Resource. 12 Aug. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96apr/leonardo.html>.28. "Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance Man." Museum of Science, Boston | Home. Museum of Science. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.mos.org/leonardo/bio.html>.29. "Stratford-upon-Avon for Accommodation, Touring, Dining, Walking..." Stratford-upon-Avon - ideal guide for tourist accommodation, restaurants, country inns, sight-seeing and more. Quin-Solve Ltd. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/soawshst.htm>.30. Kniery, Maria, and Ruthie Minor. "William Shakespeare." Springfield Public Schools - Home. English Department Springfield High School. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/springfield/eliz/ShakespeareBiog.html>.31.Dejoie, Joyce, and Elizabeth Libby Truelove. "Galileo Galilei." StarChild: A Learning Center for Young Astronomers. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/galileo.html>.32.Chew, Robin. "Michelangelo | Renaissance Artist." Lucidcafé Interactive Café and Information Resource. 12 Aug. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2009. <http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96mar/michelangelo.html>.33.Michelangelo Buonarroti Biography. Web. 15 Oct. 2009. <http://www.michelangelo-buonarroti.info/>.

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Italian Renaissance – Travel Guide Grade 9 Assessment Criteria September ‘09

Criterion A: KnowledgeMaximum 10

Achievement level Level descriptor

0The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.1–2The use of terminology is inconsistent or incorrect. Facts and examples are either absent, or those used are irrelevant or do not show understanding. 3–4The use of terminology is mostly accurate and usually appropriate, though some errors remain. Facts and examples used are mostly relevant, and usually show understanding. 5–6Terminology is used accurately and appropriately. Relevant facts and examples are used to show understanding. The student provides accurate descriptions; explanations are adequate but not well developed.7–8A range of terminology is used accurately and appropriately. A range of relevant facts and examples are used to show understanding. 9–10The student shows an excellent command of a wide range of terminology, and uses it appropriately. An extensive range of rele-vant facts and examples are used to show understanding. Criterion C: SkillsMaximum 10

Achievement level Level descriptor

0The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.1–2The student can select and use some relevant information.. The student attempts to carry out investigations, demonstrating few skills.3–4The student selects and uses mostly relevant information. The student demonstrates basic investigative skills.5–6The student selects and uses relevant information. The student demonstrates adequate investigative skills.7–8The student selects and uses a range of relevant information. The student demonstrates effective investigative skills.9–10The student selects and uses a wide range of relevant information. The student demonstrates sophisticated investigative skills.

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Criterion D: Organization and presentationMaximum 8

Achievement level Level descriptor

0The student does not reach a standard described by any of the descriptors given below.1–2The student communicates information that may not always be relevant. The student attempts to structure the work, but it may be unclear and/or inappropriate to the format required. Presentation is unclear and imprecise. There may be some evidence of documentation.3–4The student communicates information that is mostly relevant. The student attempts to structure and sequence the work but is not always successful. Presentation is occasionally unclear. Sources of information are documented, though there may be omissions or consistent errors in adhering to conventions.5–6The student communicates information that is relevant. The student uses a structure appropriate to the task and sequences the content logically. Presentation is clear; attention is paid to the audience and purpose in terms of appropriate language, style and visual represen-tation. Sources of information are documented, with occasional errors in adhering to conventions.7–8The student communicates information that is always relevant. The student organizes information into a well-developed and logical sequence, appropriate to the format required. Presentation is clear, concise and effective, and the language, style and visual representation used are always appropriate to the audience and purpose. All sources of information are documented according to a recognized convention.

Modi%ied from the IBO MYP Humanities guide 

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My Travel Guide – Final Checklist

Name: __________________ Date: __________

Use this checklist before you hand in your travel guide!

Does your travel guide have a cover page?

Does your travel have an introduction with basic information about the renaissance

(Who? What? Where? When? Why?)?

Have you included detailed information on

a) which cities to visit (Florence, Rome, and Venice)

b) how to get around (by land and by water)

c) local customs and manners

d) what to wear

e) what to see and do

f) what to eat and drink

g) how to stay safe and healthy

h) who’s who in the Renaissance (4 PEOPLE)

Did you write your information in paragraphs?

Does each paragraph have a topic sentence?

Does each paragraph have supporting sentences?

Are all the supporting sentences relevant (important)?

Did you use connectors to connect your ideas? (e.g., First, in addition, furthermore, etc)

Did you include a correct bibliography? See homework diary for help.

Does each section of your travel guide have a heading?

Does your travel guide have useful pictures or graphics that help us understand the

Renaissance period better?

Did you use the same font for similar points?

Did you revise and edit your travel guide?

Will other people be interested in reading your travel guide?

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