Renaissance artists' work
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Art and Patronage• Italians were willing to spend a lot of money
on art.– Art communicated social, political, and spiritual
values.– Italian banking & international trade interests
had the money.
• Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!
1. Realism & 1. Realism & ExpressionExpression
Expulsion Expulsion fromfromthe Gardenthe Garden
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
First nudes First nudes sincesinceclassical classical timestimes..
2. Perspective2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
First use First use of linear of linear
perspective!perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
The The TrinityTrinity
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
What you What you are, I once are, I once was; what I was; what I am, you will am, you will
become.become.
PerspectivePerspective
3. Classicism3. Classicism Greco-Roman
influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism free standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”Medici “Modest Medici “Modest
Venus” (1c)Venus” (1c)
4. Emphasis on 4. Emphasis on IndividualismIndividualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:
The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
5. Geometrical 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Arrangement of
FiguresFigures The The Dreyfus Dreyfus Madonna Madonna with the with the PomegranaPomegranatete
Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci
14691469
The figure The figure as as architecturarchitecture!e!
6. Light & 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Shadowing/Softening
EdgesEdges
ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro
SfumatoSfumato
Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent
1478 - 15211478 - 1521
Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici
1517 - 15741517 - 1574PATRONS OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART
Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi1377 - 14361377 - 1436
ArchitectArchitect
Cuppolo of St. Cuppolo of St. MariaMariadel Fioredel Fiore
Filippo Brunelleschi• Commissioned to
build the cathedral dome.– Used unique
architectural concepts. He studied the
ancient Pantheon in Rome.
Used ribs for support.
Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s “Secret”“Secret”
Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s DomeDome
Comparing DomesComparing Domes
Other Famous Other Famous DomesDomes
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)
The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”• Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
• Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
• Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
• The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
1.1. Self-Portrait Self-Portrait -- da -- da Vinci, 1512Vinci, 1512
1452 - 15191452 - 1519
Artist
Sculptor
Architect
Scientist
Engineer
Inventor
Leonardo, Leonardo, the Artistthe Artist The The
Virgin of Virgin of the Rocks the Rocks
Leonardo Leonardo dadaVinciVinci
1483-1483-14861486
Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:From hisFrom hisNotebooks of over Notebooks of over 5000 5000
pages (1508-1519)pages (1508-1519)
Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa
Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, – da Vinci, 1503-41503-4
Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??
Leonardo’s Last Supper
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498& Geometry& Geometry
horizontal
vert
ical
PerspectivPerspective!e!
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498
Detail of Detail of JesusJesus
The Last The Last SupperSupper
Leonardo Leonardo da Vincida Vinci
14981498
DeterioratDeteriorationion
A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John St. John oror Mary Magdalene? Mary Magdalene?
Leonardo’s Annunciation
Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook An example An example
of the of the humanist humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): (Anatomy):
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Leonardo, the Leonardo, the Inventor:Inventor:
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?
A study of siege A study of siege
defensesdefenses..Studies of Studies of
water-lifting water-lifting devices.devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Pages from his
NotebookNotebook
Michelangelo’s David
Michelangelo’s Pieta
Michelangelo’s Painting of the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo’s Wall in Sistine chapel
Raphael’s School of Athens-it follows on next slide!!!
The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11• One point perspective.
• All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!
• A great variety of poses.
• Located in the papal apartments library.
• Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.
• No Christian themes here.
DaVinci as Plato looks to thelooks to theheavens [or heavens [or the IDEALthe IDEALrealm].realm].
Aristotle saying looks to looks to thisthisearth [theearth [thehere andhere and
now]now]teacher!
Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras
Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid
Raphael!
Donatello’s David
Botticelli’s Primavera
PrimaveraPrimavera – Botticelli, – Botticelli, 14821482
Depicted classical gods as Depicted classical gods as almost naked and life-size.almost naked and life-size.
Botticelli’s Birth of Venus follows on next slide!
Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – – Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art
• The continuation of late medieval attention to details.
• Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].
• Interest in landscapes.• More emphasis on middle-class and peasant
life.• Details of domestic interiors.• Great skill in portraiture.
Jan van Eyck Arnolfini Marriage
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
Giovanni Giovanni Arnolfini Arnolfini and His and His
WifeWife
(Wedding (Wedding Portrait)Portrait)
Jan Van Jan Van
EyckEyck
14341434
Massys’ The Moneylender & His Wife, 1514
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)• The greatest of German
artists.• A scholar as well as an
artist.• His patron was the Emperor
Maximilian I.• Also a scientist
– Wrote books on geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.
• Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.
Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Dürer
FourHorsemen
of theApocalypse
woodcut, 1498
“The Ambassadors” ~ Hans Holbein the Younger
How in the world did he paint this skull to look skewed and slanted?
Holbein’s, The Ambassadors, 1533
A SkullA Skull
Multiple Perspectives
Hieronymus
Bosch
The Garden of
Earthy Delights
1500
Hieronymus
Bosch
The Garden of
Earthy Delights(details)
1500
HieronymusBosch
The Cureof Folly
1478-1480
Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563
Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568
El Greco
Christ in Agony on the Cross
1600s
El Greco
Portrait of aCardinal
1600