Renaissance
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Transcript of Renaissance
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Greek Scholarship in the 15th Century
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Bassarion• Cardinal Bessarion (1403-72)
born in Trebizond and educated in Constantinople
• He became a monk in 1423• He studied to a freethinker
George Gemistus Plethon.• Plethon introduced him to the
emperors, then he is employed on government business.
• In 1438 He became a cardinal and resided permanently in Italy
• His house in Rome was a centre of literary activity.
• Bessarion's own literary work included a Latin translation of Aristotle's Metaphysics, and a long book against the critics of Plato.
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Politian • Politian (1454-94) is a Greek bishop who settled in Italy and whose scholarly activity was devoted mainly to theology and philosophy.
• He is famous as a poet in his vernacular language and in Latin, but was equally distinguished as a scholar.
• Politian has an interesting analogy in the Hellenistic world
• His works include several translations from the Greek. There is a fluent version of the late historian Herodian and some short essays by Epictetus and Plutarch.
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The First Printed Greek Texts
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Aldus Manutius• The new art of printing
in 15th to 17th century are difficult to design a suitable founts.
• Some of the early printers produce expensive and unsatisfactory in appearance.
• The lack of demand for Greek texts in sufficient numbers makes a difficulty.
• Aldus Manutius (1449-1515) had the idea of setting up a publishing house primarily for the printing of Greek texts.
• From 1494 to 1515 the Aldine press issued a great series of editions of classical texts.
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Marcus Musurus
• Cretan Marcus Musurus (c. 1470-1517) was a great scholar.
• He helps Aldine in publishing many Greek books.
• He corrects many mistakes and errors in old manuscripts.
• He was very smart and had linguistic competence.
• Unfortunately, his contributions to classical scholarship were not easy to estimate because in most cases, the copies of the authors were lost.
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Erasmus (c. 1469-1536)
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Erasmus• Erasmus was also a figure who
commands attention.• In 1506, He went to Italy to
improve his knowledge. Then he made a contact with Aldus.
• They collaborated together in publishing Adagia, a collection of proverbs with accompanying comments and the Enchiridion militis Christiani, in which the blunt expression of his view of piety had caused some offence to ecclesiastical authorities.
• Much later in his career he wrote a pamphlet on the correct pronunciation of Greek, which led to the widespread adoption of what is called the Erasmian pronunciation.
• According to Erasmus, texts are to be studied in the original language rather than translation.
• His services to classical Greek are comparatively small.
• His contribution to Latin literature is much greater