Concepts and Foundations of Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing Definition.
Remote Sensing...Remote Sensing: Def’n. The art, science, and technology associated with the about...
Transcript of Remote Sensing...Remote Sensing: Def’n. The art, science, and technology associated with the about...
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Remote SensingTopic 1: Fundamentals of
Remote SensingChapter 1: Avery and Berlin
Chapter 1: Lillesand and Keifer
Remote Sensing:
Def’n.The art, science, and technology associated with the
about an object, area, or phenomenon .
A Simple RS System
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Elements of a CompleteRemote Sensing System
Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition
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Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition
Data Acquisition
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Data Acquisition
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
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Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Airphoto InterpretationDef’nAnalysis of to extract and information.
Includes ?
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PhotogrammetryDef’nExtraction of informationType of photos? Includes measures of:1.
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Electromagnetic Energy
EMRModern physics acknowledges dual nature of EMR
The wave-particle duality refers to how EMR of differing wavelengths behaves, not what it is
Low frequency EMR tends to act more like a wave; higher frequency EMR act more like a particle
Photo/electro-optical remote sensing systems can be adequately described using the wave model
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Wave Model
Particle ModelAccording to the particle model:
Total amount of energy:
Q = h νwhere : Q = energy of a quantumH = Planck’s constant
orQ = h c/λ
EMR
So What?
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Radiance of EMRBlack bodies ?
Stephan-Boltzman equation describes total radiation emitted by a black body as a function of temperature:
M = σT4
where: M = energy (Wm-2)σ = Stephan-Boltzman constantT = temperature (K)
Total EMR Emitted
Total Energy = Area Under Curve
Wavelength of EMR EmittedWein’s Law states that m = A/Twhere: A is a constant
Shortwave EMR
Longwave EMR
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EMR in the Atmospheric?
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Where Do We Look ?
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What Happens to Incident EMR
ER () = EI () – {EA () + ET () }
Types of Reflection at Surface
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Specular Reflection
Reflects all wavelengths equally
Not selective, not wavelength dependent
Diffuse Reflection
Wavelength dependent
Amount reflected varies by wavelengthSo is wavelength dependent
Diffuse Reflection vs. Absorption
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Reflection and Albedo
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Geometric Influences
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Geometric Effectsa)
b)c)
d)
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BRDF
Spectral Reflectance Curves Note Range
of Values
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Typical Spectral Signatures
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The Foundation of RS
RS systems detect reflected or emitted EMR*
There are differences in how objects interact with and/or emit EMR that are dependent
This results in unique spectral characteristics or signatures which enables identification
* Exceptions are RS systems based on the detection of sound, gravity, and electrical resistivity.