Remote sensing concept and applications
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REMOTE SENSING
By Surabhi Tanwar
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What is Remote Sensing? Remote sensing involves gathering data and
information about the physical world by detecting and measuring radiation, particles and fields associated with objects located beyond the immediate vicinity of the sensor device(s).
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Energy Source or Illumination (A)
Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)
Interaction with the Target (C)
Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D)
Transmission, Reception, and Processing (E)
Interpretation and Analysis (F)
Application (G)
Source: Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing Process Components
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Earth Sensing Cycle
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How Satellites Acquire Images
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SPATIAL SPECTRAL
TEMPORAL RADIOMETRIC
RESOLUTION
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Spatial Resolution
The earth surface area covered by a pixel of an image is known as spatial resolution
Large area covered by a pixel means low spatial resolution and vice versa
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High vs. Low?
Spatial Resolution
Source: Jensen (2000)
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Spectral Resolution
Is the ability to resolve spectral features and bands into their separate components
More number of bands in a specified bandwidth means higher spectral resolution and vice versa
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Spectral Resolution
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Three spectra recorded at low, medium and high spectral resolution, illustrating how the high resolution mode yields sharper peaks, and separates close lying peaks, which are merged together at low resolution
Spectral
Resolution
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Temporal Resolution
Frequency at which images are recorded/ captured in a specific place on the earth.
The more frequently it is captured, the better or finer the temporal resolution is said to be
For example, a sensor that captures an image of an agriculture land twice a day has better temporal resolution than a sensor that only captures that same image once a week.
Remote Sensing & GIS Applications Directorate
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Remote Sensing & GIS Applications Directorate
Temporal Resolution
Time
July 1 July 12 July 23 August 3
11 days
16 days
July 2 July 18 August 3
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Radiometric Resolution
Sensitivity of the sensor to the magnitude of the received electromagnetic energy determines the radiometric resolution
Finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, if it is more sensitive in detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy
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Radiometric Resolution
1023
6-bit range0 63
8-bit range
0 255
0
10-bit range
2-bit range0 4
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Application of Remote Sensing
Urbanization & Transportation Urban planning Roads network and transportation
planning City expansion City boundaries by time Wetland delineation
Image source: www.ldeo.columbia.edu
Image source: www.geospectra.net
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Agriculture
• Crop acreage estimation
• Crop modeling for yield &
production forecast / estimation
• Crop & Orchard monitoring
Scope
• Timely availability of crop
statistics for decision making &
planning
• Crop growth monitoring
• Soil status monitoring
• Regular reports regarding total
area under cultivation
Benefits
Banana Plantation – Muhammad Pur (Ghotki)
FFC Goth Macchi
Mar 05, 2006, RecoveryJan 12, 2006, DamageDec 16, 2005, Pre-Frost
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Application of Remote Sensing
Natural resource Management
Forestry: biodiversity, forest, deforestation Water source management Habitat analysis Environmental assessment Pest/disease outbreaks Impervious surface mapping Hydrology Mineral province Geomorphology
Md. Bodruddoza Mia
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Pre Flood – 17 July 2006 Post Flood – 09 Aug 2006
10098 acr
3516 acr
● Phulani
● Goth Lataran
● Ural
● Junno Dhand
● Shahpur
● Godhpur
● Than Lake
● Goth Azizpur
● Goth Raza Mahar
● Phulani
● Goth Lataran
● Ural
● Junno Dhand
● Shahpur
● Godhpur
● Than Lake
● Goth Azizpur
● Goth Raza Mahar
● Muhro Mari
● Darapur
● Kot Shahgarch
● Muhro Mari
● Darapur
● Kot Shahgarch
Flood Damage to Standing Crops
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Forestry
• Satellite image based forest
resource mapping and updation
• Forest change detection
• Forest resource inventory
• GIS database development
Scope
• Availability of baseline information
• Planning for aforestation strategies
• Futuristic resource planning
• Sustainability of environment
• Wild life conservation & development
for recreation purpose
Benefits Sarhad Reserve Forest (Ghotki)
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Refrences
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105108077/module1/lecture1.pdf
http://www.geo-seoca.net/downloads/training-material/9_ConceptsPrinciplesofRemoteSensing+ImagingSystems+Data.pdf
http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/intro.htm
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Presentation by: Surabhi Tanwar
Student of Masters in Environmental Science- Institute of Science, Mumbai