REMOTE MULTI-PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM BY NET...
Transcript of REMOTE MULTI-PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM BY NET...
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REMOTE MULTI-PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM BY NET WORK
T. Manivanan, P. Ananthi, G.Renugadevi
Asst. Professor, Dept of Computer Science
Edyathangudy G.S. Pillay Arts and Science College Nagapattinam(T.N.)
Abstract:
In today’s world population is growing and death rate also increasing so, there is immeidate
need high quality and effective healthcare both at home and in hospital especially for old
aged physically challenged and infants who are alone at home. Developments in sensors,
miniaturization of low power microelectronics, and wireless networks are becoming a
significant opportunity for improving the quality of health care services. In this paper, the
multi-patients can remotely monitored using the developing technologies. The physiological
parameters such as body temperature, ECG, EEG, PPG and sugar level are monitored by
using Bio-sensors and these information’s are stored in database using IOT network. If any
abnormality of patient then the alarm will turn on to alert the staff and also that patient’s
current status are messaging to doctor through GSM module and this will help the patient to
get immediate attention in life threatening situations. This system can be implemented by
ARM Processor and it can be simulated by Keil C software.
Key words - ECG, EEG, PPG, ARM Processor, GSM, Keil C, Zigbee ,IOT.
I. INTRODUCTION
As portable devices like cellular phones, Tabs, android applications and players become
popular; people start to carry such devices around their bodies. In fast moving world, there
is no time for caring body in all times. At this point of time the health of each people has to
be monitored individually. The nurse/doctor has to keep a constant tab on the health
condition of each and every patient in the ward. The problem is that the doctor or nurse
cannot be present by the patient’s side 24 X 7. Also, the doctor has no access to the exact
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condition of his patients from any remote place. In case of emergency, the doctors cannot be
contacted directly in some cases and hence valuable time is wasted. To overcome these
problems, we use the wireless body area network with multi-patient monitoring system.
Zimmerman studied how such characterized the human body and used it as a
communication channel for intra-body communications. Later, the term PAN has been
modified to body area network (BAN) to represent all the applications and communications
on, in and near the body.One of the foremost engaging applications to use BAN is within
the medical environment to monitor physiological signals from patients. Wireless body-area
network (WBAN) could be a special purpose wireless-sensor network that
includes completely different networks and wireless devices
to change remote watching for varied environments. One of the targeted applications of
WBAN is in medical environments wherever conditions of an outsized range of
patients square measure unceasingly being monitored in time period. Wireless watching of
physiological signals of an outsized range of patients is one amongst the present wants so
as to deploy a whole wireless sensing element network in tending system.
Such associate application presents some challenges in each computer code and
hardware styles.Some of them square measure as follows: reliable communication by
eliminating collisions of 2 sensing element signals and interference from different external
wireless devices, low-cost, low power consumption, and providing flexibility to the patients.
A wireless medical sensing element network system once enforced in medical centers
has vital benefits over the standard wired-based patient-data assortment schemes by
providing higher rehabilitation and improved patient’s quality of life. In addition a WBAN
system has the potential to scale back the tending price also because the employment of
medical professions, resulting in higher efficiency.The present scenario of existing system
there are some shortcomings. If the patient is in unconscious condition then the system will
not inform that information to the doctors. This may sometimes leads to death then the
system should be wasted. Because, the monitoring system can save the human life and
health. So, to overcome these problems, we proposed a new system. Our system can monitor
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the brain movements using EEG sensor and also monitor the PPG for respiration, heart rate
and hypovolemia. If the patient is in unconscious condition then automatically alert the staff
by alarm and inform to doctor for further treatment.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN
The proposed system is to the multi patient monitoring system using Zigbee network is in
any place. The physiological parameters such as ECG, Body temperature, sugar level,
EEG(brain condition), and Photo plethysmogram(respiration, pressure, depth of anesthesia,
cardiac cycle, hypovolemia) can be continuously monitored by using Bio-Sensors for
multipatients.
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Table.1.comparison between existing and proposed system
The IOT can gather the signals from sensors and transmit to the ARM Processor
(database).It can use the MICS band for long distance communication and WMTS band for
long distance communication. When the patient has any abnormality then the alarm will ring
and displayed . Then the GSM module can send the information to Doctor’s mobile for
intimation. The graphical interface programs on the laptop square
measure coded victimization keil C computer code .The comparison between existing and
proposed system can be shown in table.1.A. ECG Sensors
The ECG sensor sense the heart rate and cardiac cycle. Electrocardiography (ECG or
EKG) is that the recording of the electrical activity of the center. An graphical record is
employed to live the heart’s conductivity system. It picks up electrical impulses generated
by the polarization and change of viscus tissue and interprets into a wave. The wave is
then accustomed live the speed and regularity of heartbeats, as well as the size and position
of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart. The ECG waveform is shown in
fig.2 and Table.2 shows the pathological patterns of ECG waveform.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG
measures voltage fluctuations ensuing from ionic current flows at intervals the neurons of
the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous
S.NO PARAMETERS EXISTING
SYSTEM
PROPOSED
SYSTEM
1. ECG Sensor present present
2 EEG Sensor Not present Present
3. Temperature
Sensor
Present Present
4. PPG Sensor Not present Present
5. Sugar level Present present
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electrical activity over a short period of t ime, usually 20–40 minutes, as recorded from
multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications usually concentrate on the
spectral content of encephalogram, that is, the sort of neural oscillations that
may be ascertained in encephalogram signals.
Fig.2. ECG Waveform
Table.2. The Pathological patterns for ECG waveform
The types of waves in EEG are delta, theta,
alpha, beta and gamma.
2.1 Delta Waves
Delta is that the frequency vary up
to four cycles/second. It tends to be the
best in amplitude and also the slowest waves. It is seen commonly in adults in slow wave
sleep.
It is also seen normally in babies. It may occur focally with neural structure lesions
and normally distribution with diffuse lesions, metabolic encephalopathy hydrocephalus or
deep midline lesions.
Shortened QT interval Hypercalcemia, certain
genetic abnormalities,
hyperkalemia
Prolonged QT interval Hypocalcemia, certain
genetic abnormalities
Flattened or inverted T
waves
left ventricular
hypertrophy, digoxin
effect
Hyperacute T waves myocardial infarction
Peaked T wave, QRS wide,
prolonged PR, QT short
hyperkalemia
Prominent U waves hypokalemia
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Fig.3. Delta waveform
2.2 Theta waves
Theta is that the frequency varies from four cycles/second to seven cycles/second. Theta is
seen normally in young children. It may be seen in somnolence or arousal in
older youngsters and adults; it may also be seen in meditation. Excess theta for age
represents abnormal activity. It will be seen as a focal disturbance in focal neural
structure lesions; it will be seen in generalized distribution in diffuse disorder or
metabolic brain disease or deep sheet disorders or some instances of hydrocephalus. On the
contrary this varies has been related to reports of relaxed, meditative, and creative states.
Fig.4.Thetawaveform
3.Alpha waves
Alpha is the frequency range from 7 Hz to 14 Hz. Hans Berger named the first rhythmic
EEG activity he saw as the "alpha wave".This was the "posterior basic rhythm"
(also referred to as the "posterior dominant rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm"), seen
in the posterior regions of the head on both sides, higher in amplitude on the dominant side.
It emerges with closing of the eyes and with relaxation, and attenuates with eye opening or
mental exertion. The posterior basic rhythm is truly slower than eight cycles/second in
young youngsters (therefore technically within the alphabetic character range).
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Fig.5. Alpha waveform
4. Beta waves
Beta is the frequency range from 15 Hz to about 30 Hz. It is seen typically on each side in
symmetrical distribution and is most evident frontally. Beta activity is closely connected to
motor behavior and is mostly attenuated throughout active movements. Low amplitude beta
with multiple and ranging frequencies is usually related to active, busy or anxious thinking
and active concentration. It may be absent or reduced in areas of animal tissue harm.
Fig.6.Beta waveform
5.Gamma waves
Gamma is the frequency range approximately 30–100 Hz.Gamma rhythms area unit thought
to represent binding of various populations of neurons along into a network for the
aim of completing an explicit psychological feature or motor perform.
Fig.7.Gamma waveform
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6. PPG Sensor
A photoplethysmograph (PPG) could be a device wont to
optically acquire a volumetrical activity of AN organ. While pulse oximeters area
unit a usually used medical device the PPG derived from them isn't displayed, and is
nominally solely processed to work out pulse rate. PPGs will be obtained from transmissive
absorption (as at the finger tip) or reflection (as on the forehead).In outpatient settings,
pulse oximeters are commonly worn on the finger. However, in cases of shock,
hypothermia, etc. blood flow to the fringe will be reduced, resulting in a PPG without a
discernible cardiac pulse. In this case, a PPG can be obtained from a pulse oximeter on the
head, with the most common sites being the ear, nasal septum, and forehead.PPGs can also
be obtained from the vagina and esophagus.It can monitoring the heart rate, cardiac cycle,
respiration, depth of anesthesia, blood pressure and hypovolemia(Low Blood Volume).
They found that blood loss may well be detected each from the photoplethysmogram from a
pulse measuring instrument ANd an blood vessel tube. Patients showed a decrease within
the internal organ pulse amplitude caused by reduced internal
organ preload throughout exhalation once the center is being compressed.
Fig.8. PPG Waveform
7. Sugar level sensor
Sensors record glucose levels continuously around the clock.A tiny glucose-sensing
device referred to as a "sensor" is inserted slightly below the skin (subcutaneous tissue).
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It's very kind of like insertion of AN endocrine pump tube. Sensors are typically inserted in
the abdominal and tape is used to hold them in place. The detector measures the
extent of aldohexose within the extracellular fluid (fluid close the cell) each ten seconds
And changes it into an electrical signal. The signal represents the quantity of sugar within
the blood. A small transmitter attaches to the sensor. It sends a
symptom to AN endocrine pump or a pager-sized device referred to as a "monitor" that you
simply attach to a belt or the waist of your pants.
Fig.9. Sugar level Sensor
The system mechanically records a median aldohexose price each five minutes for up
to seventy two hours. Results of many finger stick {blood aldohexose|blood sugar|glucose}
readings smitten your glucose meter at completely different times day by day area
unit entered into the monitor for standardization. After three days, the sensor is removed
and the information stored in the CGM is downloaded into a computer. You and
your polygenic disorder pedagogue will then review your aldohexose levels in relevance the
opposite knowledge collected and create any necessary changes in your polygenic
disorder management set up. The information will be presented as graphs or charts that can
help reveal patterns of glucose fluctuations. The normal range of sugar level is 140-
180mg/dl.
8E. Zigbee
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create
personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an
IEEE 802.15 standard. Though its low power consumption limits transmission distances to
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10–100 meters line-of-sight, depending on power output and environmental characteristics,
ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing data through a mesh
network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. ZigBee is typically used in low
data rate applications that require long battery life and secure networking (ZigBee networks
are secured by 128 bit symmetric encryption keys). ZigBee features a outlined rate of 250
kbit/s, best suited for intermittent data transmissions from a sensor or input device.
Applications embody wireless light-weight switches, electrical meters with in-home-
displays, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that
requires short-range low-rate wireless data transfer. The technology outlined by the ZigBee
specification is meant to be less complicated and ZigBee incorporates a outlined rate of 250
kbit/s, best suited to intermittent information transmissions from a sensing element or data
input device. Applications embrace wireless lightweight switches, electrical meters with in-
home-displays, traffic management systems, and alternative shopper and
industrial instrumentality that needs short-range low-rate wireless information transfer. The
technology outlined by the ZigBee specification is meant to be easier and
fewer pricey than alternative wireless personal space networks (WPANs), like Bluetooth or
Wi-Fi.This kind of network eliminates use of physical information buses like USB
and LAN cables.
9. ARM Processor
ARM is a family of instruction set architectures for computer processors based on a reduced
instruction set computing (RISC) architecture developed by British company ARM
Holdings.RISC-based pc style approach meansthat ARM processors
need considerably fewer transistors than typical CISC x86 processors in most personal
computers. This approach reduces costs, heat and power use. Such reductions square
measure fascinating traits for lightweight, portable, powered devices—
including good phones, laptops, pill and tablet computers, and alternative embedded
systems.A simpler style facilitates additional economical multi-core CPUs and better core
counts at lower price, providing improved energy potency for servers. ARM Processor
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supports each 32-bit and 16-bit directions via the ARM and Thumb instruction
sets.The five parameters to be monitored square
measure detected mistreatment various sensing element and information is feed to ARM
processor. It offers high performance and really low power consumption.
III. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
The μVision IDE from KEIL combines project management, make facilities source code
editing, program debugging, and complete simulation in powerful environment. The μ
Vision development platform is simple to use and serving to you quickly creates embedded
programs that job.The Keil C development tools for the ARM processor family
support each level of developer from the skilled applications engineer to the
coed simply learning concerning embedded software package development.The industry-
standard Keil C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Debuggers, Real-time Kernels, and Single-
board Computers support all ARM processor compatible derivatives and help you get your
projects completed on schedule. With the Keil tools, we will generate embedded
applications for just about each ARM by-product.
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
In this paper, we use the ARM processor board for porting our ideas. Since when the
debugging, we get the results in UART window.The UART show the ARM microprocessor
was displays the mode of operation was shown in Fig.10.The patient current status in the
window can be shown in Fig.11.
Welcome to Patient Monitoring System
Patient Name: XXX
1.ECG measured
2.EEG measured
3.PPG Measured
4.Temperature Measured
5.Sugar level Measured
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Fig.11. Patient status window
V.CONCLUSION
In this paper , how the physiological parameters such as heart rate, sugar level, pressure,
Brain activities, body temperature and blood volume level can be measured was studied.
This system is more advantageous than other remote monitoring system for multi-patients.
Continuous observation with early detection has the potential to produce patients
with AN exaggerated level of confidence, which, in turn, could improve quality of life.
Continuous monitoring data into medical database and Combining mobile high bandwidth
with miniaturized sensor devices and computers will give rise to new services and
applications that will affect the change in the daily life of citizens. Patients provided with
some form of home-based monitoring have to be hospitalized less, and when they are
hospitalized, they are discharged earlier than unmonitored patients. In recent years the
technology can be developed rapidly and this system can use RFID Technology in future.
Welcome to Patient Monitoring System
Patient Name: XXX
1.ECG measured
2.EEG measured
3.PPG Measured
4.Temperature Measured
5.Sugar level Measured
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