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Remote and Alternative Wind Measurement TechniquesCurrent Project Application

Ignacio Láinez Aracama.Energy Assessment Director. EDPR.Copenhagen 2012 Apr. 14th. EWEC 2012

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Energy Assessment 2

Summary

• This presentation summarizes EDPR vision on recent Wind Measurement Techniques, and how they can be applied to REDUCE UNCERTAINTIES (and it has not the intention to be a complete revision of the current technologies).

PurposePurpose

GeneralConsiderations

GeneralConsiderations

• Measurement are carried out for two main reasons: (i) To Reduce

Uncertainties in Energy Forecasting, and (ii) To Power Output Performance.

• Remote or Alternative Wind Measurement Techniques are being transferred to the wind industry, coming from different applications in other industries, and this transition required some adaptation effort, that still continues.

• Wind Industry has grown based on Met Masts data, these new technologies has suffered, and they are still suffering, this comparison.

• Anyhow, any project has its own characteristics (Technical and Commercial), this try to collect a general approach to these techniques and business decisions.

Energy Assessment 3

EDPR Key Figures

Around 25 remote sensors installed, onshore and offshore.

Energy Assessment 4

Uncertainties Reduction through Measurement

Main Uncertainties Sources (*)

Wind Measurement

• Wind speed • Wind direction • Calibration• Sensor Mounting• Filling Data Gaps

Wake Effect

• Wake Model• Ct Model• Standard Layout• Cumulative Effect

Long term

• Number of years at Ref. Site

• Long Term Representative

Wind Modeling

• Coastal Effect• Horizontal Extrapolation• Vertical Extrapolation• Modelisation• Inter-correlation

Net Output factors

• Availability Efficiency• Availability Time Exclusion• Electrical Grid Availability• Power Curve• Non Std. Weather

Conditions

•

4% to 14% 4% to 8% 3% to 6% 6% to 15% 4% to 10%

• Off-shore Met Masts• Sodar & Lidar

• Satellite/Meteo Data• Local Ref. Stations

• Lidar Measurement• Off-shore Met Masts• Wind Met Buoys

• Wake Modeling Validation

• Whole Wind Farm Integrated Design

• Off-shore Met Masts• SODAR & LIDAR

• Lidar Measurement• Off-shore Met Masts• Wind Met Buoys

• Wake Modeling Validation

• Satellite/Meteo Data

Measurement Campaign Definition: Maximize return for the available resources.

Remote and Alternative Measurement are complementary to met masts(*) Large offshore array

Energy Assessment 5

Summary

SODAR

LIDAR (2D/3D)

SATELLITE IMAGINERY and METEO DATA

FLOATING LIDAR

FLOATING MET MAST

Source: IDERMAR

Direct Measurement

Remote Measurement

Other Products

Energy Assessment 6

Market introduction: High. Several equipment have been installed across quite different topographies and climates, over the last 5 years

Data analysis: High. The quality factor threshold filter is not enough. A detailed analysis on each level should be done. And due to the decrease availability

along the vertical axis, vertical profile estimation should be done with care.

Cost range: Low. Relative to others technologies.

Advantages: Easy and quick deployment. Different providers. Fairly easy to deploy, require minimal maintenance. PROSPECTING ACTIVITIES.

Disadvantages: Low availability at medium levels (around 90m-100m). Low data availability under stable atmosphere conditions and during winter.

SODAR

Energy Assessment 7

LiDAR – 2D:

Market : Medium.

Data analysis: Medium. The quality factor threshold filter is fairly enough for a detailed analysis on each level. But due to the decrease availability along the vertical axis, vertical

profile estimation should be done with care.

Cost range: Medium Compared to Sodar, but going down rapidly

Advantages: Easy and quick deployment. Information along the vertical axis. Better Accuracy than Sodar.

No noise emission. POWER PERFORMANCE

Disadvantages: Low availability at high levels (above 150m). Energy consumption (standing alone).

LiDAR – 3D:

Market: Low.

Data analysis: High. Because it is a new point of view, new strategies should be created for a detailed analysis.

Cost range: Medium/High

Advantages: Simultaneous information along vertical and horizontal axis. Real-time WAKE ANALYSIS.

Disadvantages: Energy consumption. Very few providers.

LIDAR

Energy Assessment 8

Floating -MAST:Market introduction: Very low. Still under Certification Process

Data analysis: High. Internal software analysis could not be enough for a detailed analysis on each level.

Cost range: Medium ½ to ¼ of a Traditional Offshore Met mast.

Advantages: Anemometer and wind vane data. STANDARD RELATION WIND-POWER. Direct Measurement

Disadvantages: Costly installation and maintenance. Not yet validated.

Floating -LiDAR:Market introduction: Very low. Still under Certification Process.

Data analysis: High. Internal software analysis could not be enough for a detailed analysis on each level.

Cost range: Medium ¼ of a Traditional Offshore Met mast.

Advantages: Information along the vertical axis. CHEAPER and easy to handle

Disadvantages: High wave conditions. Not yet validated for any sea condition

FLOATING DEVICES

Energy Assessment 9

Market introduction: High

Data analysis: High if data used are download from free Weather Services servers.

Low if data are provided by specialized companies.

Cost range: Free or Supplier dependence.

Advantages: Global Information over the last 30 years. LONG TERM

Disadvantages: Low spatial and time resolution.

NWP – Unable to simulate local wind flows

SATELLITES IMAGINERY

Energy Assessment 10

VERIFICATIONDESIGN

Achievements & Challenges

STATUS

Operation & Maintenance

Construction & Acceptance

Contracting & Financials

Wind Farm Development

BUSSINESSLINE

• Satellite/NWP

• SoDAR/LiDAR(2D)

• LiDAR(2D-3D) /SoDAR. • Floating LiDAR/MAST at Offshore sites.• Satellite/NWP(Long-term)

• LiDAR(2D-3D)• Floating LiDAR/MAST• Satellite/NWP(Long-

term/Win Index)

PROSPECTION

Relative ValuesWind ShearLong term reference

Wind Direction for preliminary layouts

WTG Performance VerificationWake model design and verificationLong term comparison (wind index)

Relative values

Wind Speed and Energy estimation without Masts.

Refinement and Unbiased Accuracy for Wind Potential Mapping

• SoDAR/LiDAR(2D)

Power Curve vs Remote Sensing!!

Energy Assessment 11

• Do not discard standing alone Remote Sensing because they are not valid for Project Financing.

• These technologies provide added value to the whole life-cycle of any project.

• And sometimes, more valuable information than a traditional met mast.

CONCLUSIONS

Energy Assessment 12

Thanks for your attention