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Introduc)ontoNewMediaNM1000|Townsville

RemixologyNewMediaArt’sDominantParadigm

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Remixology(Part01NewMediaArt’sDominantParadigm

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TheVirtualRevolu)on(BBC,2010)

The veryessence ofthisprogramwas builtaround virtuality and

theprinciplesofremixandconvergenceculture:

•  TVProgram

•  Website

•  Blog

•  Abehaviouralstudy

•  ResearchprojectbetweenOpenUniversityandtheBBC

•  AremixcompeonAleksKrotoski|BBC|TheGuardian

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

7/27/2019 Remixology

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BBC|TheWebForBeginners|“CasseeBoy”|YouTube,2010

7/27/2019 Remixology

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“Media literacy merges with science and creavity to generate a

third networked culture which places special value on design

thinking,laboratoriesasworkingspaces,theideaofprocessrather

than instrument, the blurringof boundaries between professional

andamateur(theconceptofpro-am),innovaonasadrivingforce

forknowledgeandthecommonsasaresearchtool.”

PedroJimenez|ZEMOS98|GesónCreavoCultural

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

7/27/2019 Remixology

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The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The Wandjina ancestral

figuresofNorth-WestVictoria

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

7/27/2019 Remixology

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The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The reconfiguraon of the

Old Testament, the Qur’an

and the Torah from paganmyth

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

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The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

Theemergenceofcut’npaste

scrapbook(1800s)

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 9/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

ShepherdFairey’sHope /

Progressposters(2008)

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

7/27/2019 Remixology

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The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

Ro ll i ng S tones  – Stop

Breaking Down (1972); Love

InVain(1969)

Rober t Johnson  – Stop

Breaking Down (1936); LoveInVain(1936)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 11/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

(OriginalFleetwoodMac

ShakeYourMoneyMaker

(1967)

ElmoreJamesIBelieveI’ll

DustMyBroom(1936)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 12/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

LedZeppelin –TheLemon

Song(1969)

Wikipediareference:

hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

The_Lemon_Song

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

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The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

Robert Johnson  – Travellin’

RiversideBlues(1936)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 14/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

Howlin’Wolf –TheKillin’

Floor(1964)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 15/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

ArtMcKay –SheSqueezedMy

Lemon(1936)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 16/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The African-American Delta

Bluestemplate(early1900s)

O)s Rush – I Can’t Quit You

Baby(WillieDixon,1956)

Led Zeppelin - I Can’t Quit

YouBaby(WillieDixon,1969)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

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The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

The Trojan Sound System

(1950s)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 18/39

The ethos of the remix is as

old as the cultural artefact

itself:

TheBlockParty inCedarPark

NewYork(1973)

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

TheLegendaryColdCrushBrothers

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 19/39

FurtherResearch

•  1967 -Arthur “theDuke”Reid&RuddyRedwoodand the

theinstrumentaldubtrack(RoughTradeRecords,Kingston

Jamaica)

•  1972-DavidMancuso,beatmatchingandpitch-shiing(The

LoN ,NewYorkCity)

•  1973 - Tom Moulton and tape splicing re-edit (ie the

extendeddiscomix)(TheSandpiper ,FireIsland)

•  1979–DJKoolHerc,(CedarPark,NewYork)

•  1981 - Joseph Saddler (aka Grandmaster Flash) and the

QuickMixTheory

•  1982-AfrikaBambaataa’selectrofunksampling(akaBAM)

TheTrojanSoundSystem|Arthur“TheDuke”Reid

CaseStudy

TheSoundofMusic

7/27/2019 Remixology

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2003 20062004 20072003 2006

AContemporarySe^ng

Pranks,Mash-Ups,SareandPolicalComment

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HopevsProgressTheShepardFaireyincident

•  ShepherdFaireyisanAmericanstreetarst

•  Heisalsoaprofessionalfreelancecommercialdirectoranddesigner

•  Fairey works with sckers, stencils and image

manipulaontoolssuchasPhotoshop.

•  Hecametoprominencein1989,whilesllatUniversity

inNew York, withhis ubiquitousposter campaignofAndretheGiant.

CaseStudyShepardFairey

AndretheGiant|1987|USA

7/27/2019 Remixology

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HopevsProgressTheShepardFaireyincident

•  Hehassincetravelledextensively,withtheAndreimage

poppingupinRussia,Japan,andtheUK.

•  In1995theposterwasadaptedto“ObeyAndre”.•  Hisworkhasexpandedtoincludescreenprinngandaclothingcompany.Heestablishedanadagencytofund

his arsc exploits and his clients include Levis, the

SmashingPumpkinsandSunkist .

AndretheGiantHasaPosse|ShepherdFairey|

1989|USA

CaseStudyShepardFairey

7/27/2019 Remixology

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PeaceBomber|2009 No…I’mVegetarian|2007 MakeArtNotWar|2005 Obey|2005

CaseStudyShepardFairey

7/27/2019 Remixology

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Hope|ShepardFairey|2008|USA

Fairey appropriatedanAssociatedPressphotograph

taken by Mannie Garcia of Barack Obama taken in

2006attheNaonalPressClubinWashington.

He then used this image during the 2008 American

Presidenal race to create the iconic “Hope” and

“Progress”posters.

Acompany,ObeyClothing,affiliatedwithFaireywent

ontosell230000t-shirtsandmerchandisefeaturing

theimageduringandaerthe2008elecon.

HopevsProgressTheShepardFaireyincident

CaseStudyShepardFairey

7/27/2019 Remixology

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Hope|ShepardFairey|2008|USA

In2008,AssociatedPressstratedmakingclaimsthatFairey

hadimproperlyusedacopyrightedimage.

Fairey took Associated Press to Court to fight theseaccusaonsin2009.

“One of the central quesons was whether Mr. Fairey’s

creaon,whichbecameubiquitousonstreet cornersand

T-shirts during and aer Mr. Obama’s campaign,

constuted a “transformave” use of the photograph, a

use that is allowed under the law so that creave

expressionisnotsfled.”(Kennedy,Jan12,2011)

HopevsProgressTheShepardFaireyincident

CaseStudyShepardFairey

7/27/2019 Remixology

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Hope|ShepardFairey|2008|USA

“MyObamapostervariaonsof“HOPE”and“PROGRESS”

wereobviouslynotintendedtoreportthenews.

Icreatedthemtogenerate supportforObama; thepointwastocaptureandsynthesizethequaliesthatmadehim

aleader.Thepointoftheposteristoconvinceandinspire.

It’sapolicalstatement.

MyObamaposterdoesnotcompetewiththeintentof,or

themarketforthereferencephoto.”

ShepardFairey,2009

HopevsProgressTheShepardFaireyincident

CaseStudyShepardFairey

7/27/2019 Remixology

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Hope|ShepardFairey|2008|USA

InJanuary2011thecaseagainstFaireywasdroppedasit

wasclaimedthataselementwasreachedoutofcourt.

In a public statement Fairey said he would not use anAssociatedPressimageagainwithoutseekingpermission.

The case against Obey Clothing is a separate argument

whichsllremainsintheUSCourts.

The Naonal Portrait Gallery in Washington aquired a

collageversionofthe“Hope”imagein2009anditisnowa

partofitspermanentcollecon.

HopevsProgressTheShepardFaireyincident

CaseStudyShepardFairey

7/27/2019 Remixology

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Hope|ShepardFairey|2008|USAPanelonDafur|MannieGarcia|AssociatedPress|2006|USA

CaseStudyShepardFairey

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Theremix

themash-up

thecut’npaste

themontage

andthepas)chealldependonthesameprinciples:

Thepinch,thesnip-theisola)ngperspec)ve

Themanipulaon,theinterrelaon-re-imagining TheAdventuresofGrandmasterFlashonthe

WheelsofSteel|GrandmasterFlash&the

FuriousFive|SugarHillRecords|1981

1stPrinciplesoftheRemix

Were-writetherules,societyinventedtheremix

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 30/39

Vimeo|WalkingOnEggshells|2011

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NewToolsFortheCyberAnimalPixelsSwarms&Widgets

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©opyleThe2ndDra|Openaccessforresearch|CreaveCommons|CultureasUlity

AccessOpen(the)Source|P2P|TheWiki|Takethe“Gallery”totheStreet

ConvergenceDevices|DeliveryMethods|Storage|GlobalEthics

TheDigital(NMAr)stThefacilitaonofarscpraccethroughconvergenttechnologies

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

7/27/2019 Remixology

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ConvergenceDevices|DeliveryMethods|Storage|GlobalEthics

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

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ConvergenceDevices|DeliveryMethods|Storage|GlobalEthics

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

7/27/2019 Remixology

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TheDigital(NMAr)stThefacilitaonofarscpraccethroughconvergenttechnologies

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 36/39

©opyleThe2ndDra|Openaccessforresearch|CreaveCommons|CultureasUlity

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 37/39

"CreaveCommonsprovidesfreetoolsthatletauthors,sciensts,arsts,andeducatorseasilymarktheircreaveworkwiththefreedomstheywantittocarry.YoucanuseCCtochangeyour

copyrighttermsfrom"AllRightsReserved"to"SomeRightsReserved."

We'reanon-profitorganizaon.Everythingwedo—includingthesowarewecreate—isfree.“

LawrenceLessig|Founder|CreaveCommons

©opyleThe2ndDra|Openaccessforresearch|CreaveCommons|CultureasUlity

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 38/39

AccessOpen(the)Source|P2P|TheWiki|Takethe“Gallery”totheStreet

NewToolsfortheCyberAnimalPixels,Swarms,&Widgets

7/27/2019 Remixology

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remixology 39/39

SoundLoungeTheRemixAnimal

RayofGob|GoHomeProduconsMadonnavsTheSexPistols|2004