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English Mace –trials basedLSE OpenManchester IVNottingham OpenLiverpool IV

Coming up…

• Private Military Corporations• Ethics in Debating and Non-

Consequentialist Arguments• Rights Analysis• Nationalisation/Privatisation (Katrin)• Racial Identity(Dan J.)

• Aaaand Hangouts training with Ed Mancey!

Judging

When the tab rolls

• Wait outside the announcement room with a sign indicating the room you’re going to• Gather teams that are in your room –

they’ll rush at you prepping in a panicked manner you shouldn’t have to look far• Take them to the room• If you have time go back to the

announcement room and jot down the teamnames in your room and the chair judge

How to judge

• Offer to time if you can – it’s just hitting a table• Divide page down the middle into either 2 or 4 boxes• As speeches are given write down everything important you think is said – as much detail as possible• Highlight/star/write exciting comments next to anything you think important at the end of each speech

How to judge 2

• As the debate goes on think about what teams are beating what other teams and for what reasons• Think about things like was the rebuttal to the point that was actually made or was it irrelevant – if you think irrelevant jot down a reminder• Was the point made relevant to the debate or just talking about a similar issue – did the logical justifications flow from uncontroversial premises?

How to judge 3

• After the debate is over the chair judge will give you a few minutes to think about your call

• Eventually the judge will ask you to give a call – if you don’t have a 1st-4th straight away that’s fine, just give some idea of what teams beat what teams

After the debate

• Once the chair has filled in the ballot they are needed to give feedback• Given this and that Warwick people are

those who know their way around the uni they’ll ask you to run it back to the tab room• I will take it from you and enter it into the

software – you’re then free to return to the room and listen to the rest of the feedback

Some terms

• Rolling – If the panel is not in agreement the chair will call a vote on positions. If the chair is outvoted it is called rolling – they may or may not ask a wing to give the feedback if they don’t feel they can defend the call• Knifing – When a team contradicts

another team on their own bench. The team knifing generally has that argument (note not their whole speech) rendered invalid.

•Ordinary Intelligent Voter/ Informed Global Citizen – the standard of knowledge by which to judge debates. No specific knowledge of any issue and a front page knowledge of the news

• You have no principled assumptions – even if something you know to be false is said if this is not pointed out in the debate it stands

• Role fulfillment – Whether or not a speaker fulfilled the duty of what they do in a debate (did the PM provide a mech, did the summary add material or not)

How to be a good wing

Say Words

• Be active in the discussion, but also be succinct

• A wing that doesn’t talk much is a wing that doesn’t get anything above average in feedback, and is just a bit of a dead weight during the adjudication

Be Specific

• ''We thought that second opposition really brought the case home for us, so they won the debate.''

• ''First proposition talked about rights, but I really didn't find it persuasive.''

• ''First opposition had some interesting things to say, but the analysis didn't get better until second opposition.''

Judge the Debate that Happened• ''Proposition never talked about rights in

this debate.''

• ''It took until the summation speaker until we heard anything about rights.''

• ''I really wouldn't have propped it like that.''

Metrics: Up For Grabs, and Not Pre-Set• You should listen to teams' arguments

about what our aims and principles should be, and evaluate the claims of harms or benefits in that context.

• “War is never legitimate” vs. “War is legitimate in this specific case, because reasons” - no clear better or worse option

Judge the debate while it happens• After the first half you should have a

rough idea whether OG beats OO or if it is the other way round• This call is not definitive (revisit it after

the debate using your notes!)• The point is, don’t be a passive note-

taker.

Taking Notes

1. Generic: Black/Blue2. Criticisms: Red/Pink3. POIs: Green4. [during adj] Highlighting key points: Purple

Why use colours?It’s pretty. Also it makes reading your notes easier.

The World Bank

Roadmap• General facts• How does it work?• Goals• The Washington Consensus(reforms)

+criticism• Free Trade basics• Failure examples• Successes examples

The World BankGeneral facts:• Financial institution of the

UN• Based in Washington, DC• 188 countries are members• Gets its money off financial

markets/from member countries • It is part of the ‘World Bank

Group’

World Bank Group• International Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

• International Development Association (IDA)

• International Finance Corporation (IFC)

• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

• International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

The World BankWhat does it offer?• Loans• Guarantees• Risk management products• Analytical and advisory

services

Examples of borrowers:• Argentina, Chile, Belarus,

Botswana, Brazil, Jamaica, Ecuador, Vietnam etc.

Countries by voting power:1. USA-also veto power2. Japan3. China4. Germany5. France6. UK7. India

The World Bank-Goals• Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger

• Achieving universal primary education

• Promoting gender equality and empowering women

• Reducing child mortality rates

• Improving maternal health

• Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

• Ensuring environmental sustainability, and

• Developing a global partnership for development.

The World BankOften, in return for the loans, the World Bank demands of the recipient to put in place certain reforms such as:

• Austerity• Devaluation of currencies• Trade liberalisation (lifting import and export restrictions)• Removing price controls and states subsidies• Improving governance and fighting corruption

The World BankCriticism:• Regressive conditions(shock therapy criticism)• Lack of institutional framework to apply the reforms• Majoritary decisional power held by the USA• Unfair conditions(e.g. Ghana, Tanzania, Iraq)• Sovereign immunity-little accountability• Requires certain level of government to implement reforms-this is simply not in place• Reforms too concentrated on GDP growth rather than quality of living of the people

The World BankMore on Trade Liberalisation (useful in general)-make sure you take into account the stage the economy is in when you impact these arguments(framing)

Good stuff:• Enables specialisation(comparative advantage)• Lower prices for consumers(resources imported

cheaperlower costslower prices)• Increased competition between firmsefficiency• Enables economies of scale

The World BankMore on Trade Liberalisation (useful in general)

Bad stuff:• Structural unemployment short

run(shift between industries). Hard for people to specialise in new industries.• Environmental harm(if legislation if

poor)• Uncompetitive economies are at a

disadvantage(protectionism required)• Dependability of international

marketsincreased risk

The World BankFailures:

• Brazil – road building project set a significant proportion of the Amazon on fire

• Latin American Crisis and default of Mexico(1982)

• East Timor• Failed to relaunch education and medical

sectors• Urged country to save a large part of petroleum

revenues• Poverty rose significantly until the state decided

to go against the Bank’s advice

The World Bank

Successes:

• Rural water project in Kerala(south-west of India) women don’t have to walk hours to get water. State has now dependable supply of running water.• Diseaster management programs in

Vietnam or Bangladesh

The World BankMotions that have come up:

THBT the IMF and the World Bank should not make debt relief for highly indebted poor countries conditional on trade liberalization

THBT The World Bank and Other Bilateral Donors Should Tie Developmental Aid to Investment in Agriculture

THW Substantially Reduce the IMF and World Bank Lending Programmes

THBT The World Bank chairs should be selected on a rotational regional basis