There are a variety of production factors that influence the remake of films. Remakes are usually done because of new technology was brought out after original films were produced. Using this technology will also ensure the remake film looks similar to the comic books and more realistic than the original. Another reason that remakes and produced is to do with trends at a particular time. For example, Die Hard is an action thriller genre, so if a few years after the release of Die Hard the genre became popular again, a remake would be made. This follows the trend of what’s popular on the market. Vertical and Horizontal Integration are usually take part in influencing the remake of films. Vertical Integration is when a media Company has the ownership of different business in the same chain of production and distribution. For example Sony owns a variety of different entertainment companies such as Columbia Pictures and TriStar. In 1984 Columbia brought out the film Karate Kid, Sony then bought Columbia and remade the film Karate Kid in 2010. By doing this it means that receive the profit from distribution and exhibition. Horizontal Integration is when a production company expands their business into other areas of one industry. This means that the company can then develop in a specific area of production or they can buy out another company that deals with these areas. Synergy is the relationship between a film production company and other industries such as, clothing, DVD and blue ray companies, music industry and comic books. These are also known as ‘merchandise’.

The original Judge Dredd starred Sylvester Stallone, Armand Assante, and Rob Schneider. It was directed by Danny Cannon and it released in 1995. The film is set in the future; Joseph Dredd (the famous judge) is a police officer with instant field judiciary powers and is convicted for a crime he did not commit. As he is convicted his murderous, fellow officer escapes. Hollywood Pictures is one of the production companies that produced Judge Dredd; this company is also owned by Walt Disney although, the copyright holder is Cinergi Pictures Entertainment Inc. They are a small independent production company and because of this, synergy is used

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for the production, distribution and exhibition of this film with a lot of other small companies that helped slighting with the film in a variety different ways, whether it was

costume or special FX. The budget for this film was estimated at $70,000,000 and the box office takings were $113,590,290 worldwide.

Dredd starred Karl Urban, Olivia Thirlby and Lena Headey. It was directed by Pete Travis and released in 2012. This film is very futuristic and is based in a city where the police have the authority to act as judge, jury and executioner. A team of police take a trainee into an apartment block named ‘Peach Trees’, to take down a gang that produces and deals a drug ‘SLO-MO’. Just like the original Judge Dredd, synergy was involved different companies to help with the production, distributing exhibition. For example, DNA Films, IM Global, Rena Film, Reliance Big Entertainment / Pictures and Peach Trees were the companies that worked together to produce this film. The copyright holder of this film is Rena (PTY) Ltd and Peach Trees Ltd. The estimated budget was at $50,000,000 and the box office takings are $35,626,028 worldwide.

The main factor that influenced the remake of Dredd was new technology such as CGI. This is new technology could make the film look more like the comic books, as the film came out after the comic books series but in the original film the special FX weren’t very good. Dredd was remade and added slow motion effects which helps it look more like the comic and more realistic. The filmmakers used a 3-D rig that was outfitted with Phantom Flex high-speed cameras which shot at 3,000 + frames per second. The footage was then played back in the movie at a more standard frame rate, making it look like slow-motion. Synergy was also a large factor in the remake of this film; new comics, action figures and clothing were put on the market.

REC was directed by Jaume Balaguero and Paco Plaza, it was released in 2007. The budget for this film was estimated at €1,500,000, the box office takings are $32,492,211 worldwide. The style of this film is quite different to other Horror's as it was filmed using a hand-held throughout. Filming it this way made it look live, quite similar to a TV news

report. Although this method of filming limited how the directors narrated and edited the film, it did allow them to work with specific genre elements of fear and suspense in a way that fit the live look and feel. This film is about a TV reporter and her cameraman as they go into an apartment block with emergency workers (paramedics and firemen) to report a story of an injured woman inside the building. When they get inside, the whole building gets sectioned off and nobody can enter or leave the building. The injured woman attacks and bites one of the paramedics, everyone then realizes that the woman has an infectious virus

that spreads through a bite or blood contact, and gives an animal fury, enhanced strength, and helps revive the humans that then turn into very zombie like beings. Soon a lot of the block have been infected and need to be killed as they try to infect others. Later on in the film a room is discovered full of newsletters of a girl that was supposedly 'possessed'. There is also evidence of different of experiments that have happened in there. A priest is sent into the building who then explains he needs a sample of the possessed girls blood (who is hidden in the mysterious room) to get a cure. More of the workers get killed, even Manu. The possessed girl then takes over Angela's body, kills the priest and morphs her voice into the priest's voice to tell the emergency workers that the building is now safe to let everyone out.

Quarantine was directed by John Erick Dowdle and was released in 2008. The budget for this film was estimated at $12,000,000 and the box office takings are PHP 10,231,919 in the Philippines, £937,833 in the UK and $31,691,811 in the USA.

The main differences between these two films is the language, REC is a Spanish film but has English subtitles. Whereas Quarantine is English. Quarantine is very similar to REC; the producers basically got every scene and shot looking the same as REC, using the same plot.

Quarantine is a remake of the Spanish horror film REC. Quarantine was released a year after REC and REC was a highly popular film in English speaking countries. The film was only in Spanish so didn't appeal to some of the audience in English speaking countries. This meant releasing Quarantine soon after would attract a larger audience as REC was still popular. The remake was made because the producers decided English speaking countries would much rather watch a version of the film in English than Spanish. REC was released close to the time that Clover field and Diary of the Dead was released. These films were from the horror genre and the style was very similar to REC. This is of why John Erick Dowdle brought out Quarantine, as horror films with the theme very similar to those 3 films were very successful around that time because of the audience demanding them. Also because it is a remake of REC (which is very successful) you would have high expectations for it. There are a few factors that influenced the remake of REC, one of them is synergy. Synergy would help the film companies make more money is synergy, selling merchandise based on REC and Quarantine. REC was produced by a company called Filmax and after REC was released ScreenGems bought the rights to Filmax, they then came up with the idea to remake REC and call in Quarantine. Another factor for the influence of this remake is vertical integration. The company Screen Gems is a subsidiary of Sony. Sony is a huge company with a lot of money, so they were able to distribute and it was exhibited in a lot of different cinemas around the world. This then increased its popularity. The company Filmax couldn't do this with REC because they didn’t enough money as they are a much smaller company than Sony.

Lolita was directed by Stanley Kubrick which was an adaptation of Nabokov’s classic novel, it was released in 1962. This film was about a man (Humbert) who has a love affair with his step daughter. The subject of this film was very controversial and a lot of people had a problem with the narrative in the film. The director stated that if he had known just how problematic the censorship issues were going to be he would not have made the film.

Years later the film was remade by Adrian Lyne, this was released in 1997. This film was not a remake of the previous film; it was a remake of the novel. A lot more people warmed to the film as it was years later after the previous one was released. A factor that influenced the remake was because a lot more people in society were open to speaking about incest, whereas in the 60’s it was an unspoken subject.