Religious Refuge in Utah

The Mormon Pioneers

Mormon Pioneers• Church was founded in 1830

by Joseph Smith in New York State

• Formed a community in New York, but unsympathetic neighbors disapproved of the Mormons’ religion

• Mormons were forced to move on– New York to Ohio, then to

Missouri, and then Illinois

Persecution Once Again• 1844 a mob in Illinois killed Smith• Brigham Young took charge of the

Mormons• Young decided to move the Mormons

again• Pushed on near the Great Salt Lake in

Utah– At this time, Utah was still part of

Mexico– However, the Mormons didn’t face

trouble because no Mexicans had settled the region• Harsh terrain

A Haven in the Desert• 1846: Mormon Migration to the

GSL began• 12,000 made up the trek– Largest single migration in American

History• Set up communities in an area

they called Deseret– Carefully planned towns– Built irrigation canals to water their

farms– Founded industries

• Sold supplies to the 49ers as they passed through to California

“This is the Place”

Statehood• 1848: U.S. acquires the Salt Lake

area• 1850: Congress establishes the

Utah Territory• 1896: After many attempts for

statehood, Utah becomes the 45th state– Applied for statehood 5 times

• Government was weary of the Mormons– U.S. and Mormons almost went to war in

1857 and 1858• State of Deseret got smaller and smaller

each time

North’s Econom

yChapter 13 Sections 1-2

Technology and Industry• During the 1800s, advances in

technology and transportation shaped the North’s economy– Before 1800:

• Most people worked on farms• Most goods were made by hand, one at a time

– Blacksmiths, tailors, shoemakers

• Changes on how Americans worked, traveled, and communicated– Power-Driven Machinery– Industrialization– Technology

North’s Ability to Industrialize

• New Methods in Technology and Business– Increase production– Raise money to fund other

things• Rich supply of natural

resources• Three Factors of Production:

1. Land2. Labor3. Capital

Land Labor

FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

• All the land• All the natural Resources located on the land

• Number of workers- Need workers to turn raw materials into goods

Capital• Equipment that’s used

in production of goods– Buildings– Machinery – Tools

• Money for investments– Large amounts of

money were needed to finance industrial growth

Production of Goods

Land and Labor are needed to produce capital goods

Capital Goods are needed to produce consumer goods

People can buy manufactured goods

Improved Transportation• Contributes to the success of America’s

new industries• 1807: Robert Fulton’s Steamboat

– Faster and more reliable than flatboats or sail-powered vessels

• 1800-1850: Built thousands of miles of roads and canals– Open new shipping routes by connecting

lakes and rivers– Growth of Cities– Connection of farms in the Midwest to

cities in the Northeast• 1840-1850s: Growth of Railroads

– Speed the flow of goods – 1869: Transcontinental Railroad is

completed

Faster Communication• Telegraph– Uses electric signals to transmit

messages• Samuel Morse – Morse Code• May 24, 1844: First successful

telegraph message• Series of dots and dashes

representing letters of the alphabet

North’s Agriculture• Railroad gave farmers access

to new markets to sell their products

• Advances in technology increased the size of harvest people could produce

• 1800s: Farmers move to the Great Plains of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota– Afraid to move farther west

because of the matted sod and infertile soil

ADVANCES TO AGRICULTURE

• Inventions: – John Deere’s Steel-tipped plow in 1837

• Stronger to cut through hard packed sod– Cyprus McCormick’s Mechanical Reaper

• Sped up the harvesting of wheat– Thresher

• Separates the grain for the stalk

• Slavery largely disappears in the North by 1830s– Still have prejudice, segregation, and

discrimination• Couldn’t vote, attend public schools or

facilities• Forced into separate schools and hospitals

WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?AD

VAN

CES

IN T

ECHN

OLO

GY New Inventions:Telegraph, Steel Tipped Plow, Reaper,Thresher, Steamboat, Improvements:Communication, Production of Goods, Transportation,Agriculture

GRO

WTH

OF

THE

U. S

. Growth of cities:New Waterways, Railroads, More Extensive Area Reached By Railroads, Canals, Roads, Growth of Factories

NO

RTH’

S EC

ON

OM

Y Cash Crops, Quicker and Cheaper Transfer of Goods, Growth of Markets, Money to Fund Industrial Growth

Northern Factories• Although there were many advances in

agriculture, the North was focused on INDUSTRY

• 1820-1860: Growth of Mills and Factories– Before this time, small shops (Blacksmiths,

Shoemakers, etc.)• Machines took over many production tasks– Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, Watches, Guns, Sewing

Machines, Agricultural Machinery

Factory System• Bad and Dangerous Working Conditions

• Longer Hours Worked to Produce More Goods– 1840: Working days averaged 11.4 hours

• Increase in On-The-Job Accidents– Loss of limbs, Death

• Factory Owners Push for Profits– Don’t care about the security or safety of employees

• Formation of Trade Unions– Strikes

• Shorter Hours, More Pay, Better Working Conditions

Immigration• 1840-1860: Dramatic Increase in immigration

– Manufactures welcome immigrants• Desperate for work, even if it meant working long hours for

little pay

• Numbers:– 1820s: 10,000– 1830s: 20,000– 1840s: 80,000– 1850s: 360,000– 1860s: 155,000

• Percentages: - 1820-1840:

Ireland 35%Germany 22%Great Britain 14%All Others 29%

- 1841-1860:Ireland 33%Germany 32%Great Britain 16%All Others 13%

Waves of Immigrants• 1846-1860: – More than 1.5 Million

immigrants come from Ireland– Potato Famine killing more than 1

million (1840s)• Most were Farmers who didn’t

have money to buy land– Took low-paying jobs in Northern

factories

• 1848-1860: – More than 1 Million come from

Germany– Democratic Revolution (1848)

• Most had money to settle and establish industry

• Most went to the Midwest

IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION• Change the character of the country– Bring their own languages, customs, religions, culture

• Before 1800s: Mainly Protestants from Great Britain or slaves– Through Immigration, more and more Roman Catholics from Germany and

Ireland

• 1830-1840s: Anti-Immigrant Feelings– Nativists were against immigration

• Create the American Political Party – Known as the Know-Nothing Party

» Stricter Laws for Citizenship• Extending time to gain citizenship from 5 to 21 years

» Ban Foreign-Born Citizens from holding office» Anti-Catholic Societies

• What are 3 reasons why people might be against immigration?

• Prejudice, Discrimination