Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it...
-
Upload
candace-craig -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it...
![Page 1: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Religion Notes
Chapter 7
![Page 2: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture.– it reflects identity– it is a great binding force– it is the guiding rule of daily life– it sets standards for people’s behavior and actions
![Page 3: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Religion is constantly changing.
• great religions have diffused across boundaries– conversions occur due to the spread of new beliefs– Like language…interaction through people can change
religion
• Conversion & Migration (allowed major religions of the world to diffuse across cultural barriers and language boundaries)
• What role do missionaries play?
![Page 4: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Religion plays an important role in the cultural landscape.–churches & mosques–sale of alcohol–modes of dress–cultural and personal habits
![Page 5: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Judaism in Jerusalem:• The Western Wall
![Page 6: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Christianity in Jerusalem:• Church of the Holy Sepulchre
![Page 7: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Islam in Jerusalem:• Dome of the Rock
![Page 8: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Christianity:
• Catholic Cathedrals
![Page 9: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Christianity:
• Vatican City
![Page 10: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Christianity:
• Lutheran Churches
![Page 11: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Christianity:
• Baptist Churches
![Page 12: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Islam:
• Mosques
![Page 13: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Islam:• Ka’aba
![Page 14: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sequent Occupance:• Hagia Sophia
![Page 15: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Buddhism:
• Bodh Gaya
![Page 16: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Buddhism:
• Pagoda Stupas
![Page 17: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hinduism:• Temples
![Page 18: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hinduism:• Ganges River
![Page 19: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lilburn, GA
![Page 20: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Men-An-Tol Stones in Cornwall are famous in local folklore for their supposed healing properties.
Located near Penzance, pilgrims should crawl through the centre stone in the direction of the sun to cure such ailments as rheumatism and spinal problems. Many people who have
made the trip tell of feelings of euphoria after passing through the stone.
![Page 21: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The mysterious mountaintop shrine of Nemrut Dagi, in south-central Turkey, was known only to local herders until it was
'discovered' in 1881. Believed to be the burial site of Antiochus, a king from the first century BC, it is a mixture of temples,
sculptures and terraces built at an altitude of over 7,000 feet.
![Page 22: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The mountain of Nantai-San in Japan is a favored site for Buddhist meditation and has been a place of pilgrimage since
the fourth century.
![Page 23: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Why is religion such a difficult concept to define?– “a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to
order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities.”
– “perceived ultimate priorities” is explained in terms of “should”: people explain and justify how they and others “should” behave based on their religious beliefs
– the idea of a good life vs bad life (reward vs punishment)
![Page 24: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Religion manifests itself in many different ways.
• ancestor worship• nature worship• belief in a deity or deities• rituals and ceremonies• simple or complex organizations
![Page 25: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Religion has had powerful effects on human societies.
• it is a major force in helping people• it is, at times, an oppressive force• it is complex and controversial
![Page 26: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Types of Religions:
• Monotheistic religions worship a single deity, God, or Allah
• Polytheistic religions worship more than one deity
• Animistic religions are centered on the belief that inanimate objects such as mountains and rivers possess spirits and should therefore be revered.
![Page 27: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
History
– throughout most of human history virtually all religions have been either animistic or polytheistic (or both)
– 1st monotheistic religion developed in Southwest Asia (Zorastrianism)
– there is some controversy over whether Judaism was the first monotheistic religion….however, the eventual diffusion of religions influenced by monotheism (Christianity and Islam) spread monotheistic ideas throughout much of the world
– By 500 BCE (Before the Common Era) four major hearths of religion and philosophy were developed in the world
![Page 28: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
4 Hearths:
– Greek Philosophy: northern Mediterranean Sea– Hinduism: Indus River Valley– Judaism: eastern Mediterranean Sea– Chinese Philosophy: Huang He
![Page 29: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Christianity and Islam (the greatest number of followers today)
• Christianity- 1.5 billion followers• Islam- Over 1 billion– -fastest growing religion
• *Islam – the religion • *Muslim- person who follows Islam
![Page 30: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
World Distribution of Religions
Fig. 6-1: World religions by continent.
![Page 31: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
World Population by Religion
Fig. 6-1a: Over two-thirds of the world’s population belong to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.
![Page 32: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Muslims
![Page 33: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Christianity in the US:
–New England- Catholic–South- Baptist–Upper Middle West- Lutherans–Utah area- Mormons–New Orleans- French Catholic• SEE MAP IN TEXT- - - AP TEST ALWAYS HAS QUESTIONS
ON THIS!!
![Page 34: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Christian Branches in the U.S.
Fig. 6-3: Distribution of Christians in the U.S. Shaded areas are counties with more than 50% of church membership concentrated in Roman Catholicism or one of the Protestant denominations.
![Page 35: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Latter-Day Saints
![Page 36: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Eastern Orthodox
![Page 37: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mennonite
![Page 38: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Amish
![Page 39: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Friends (Quaker)
![Page 40: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Settlements
![Page 41: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
World Religions Today:
• Sources and Distribution
• Universalizing religions- sometimes called global religions. These are religions that actively seek converts because they view themselves as offering belief systems of universal appropriateness and appeal.
![Page 42: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• All of the widespread universalizing religions have common characteristics.– they are universalizing (global)– they seek converts– they are of ancient origin
• Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam are examples
![Page 43: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Diffusion of Universalizing Religions
Fig. 6-4: Each of the three main universalizing religions diffused widely from its hearth.
![Page 44: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ethnic or cultural religions
• tend to be spatially concentrated.• they usually do not seek converts outside the
group• Hinduism and Judaism are examples of this• the exception to concentration is Judaism
because Jews are dispersed throughout the world
![Page 45: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Shintoism and Buddhism in Japan
Fig. 6-8: Since Japanese can be both Shinto and Buddhist, there are many areas in Japan where over two-thirds of the population are both Shinto and Buddhist.
![Page 46: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Major World Religions:
• Hinduism (class project)• Buddhism (class project)• Taoism (class project)• Confucianism (class project)• Judaism (class project)• Christianity (class project)• Islam (class project)• Traditional/Shamanist (class project)
![Page 47: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Diffusion of Christianity
Fig. 6-5: Christianity diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued diffusing through Europe after the fall of Rome. It was later replaced by Islam in much of the Mideast and North Africa.
![Page 48: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Diffusion of Islam
Fig. 6-6: Islam diffused rapidly and widely from its area of origin in Arabia. It eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa.
![Page 49: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Diffusion of Buddhism
Fig. 6-7: Buddhism diffused gradually from its origin in northeastern India to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventually China and Japan.
![Page 50: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The Rise of Secularism
• Indifference to or rejection or organized religious affiliations and ideas
• Varies from country to country
![Page 51: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• In North America, a poll was given in 2002 and asked whether people felt religion was very important to them. – Canada: only 30% agreed with the statement– US: 59 % agreed with the statement
• In France, the government recently banned the wearing of overt religious symbols in public schools
![Page 52: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Do you believe the government has the right to do that?
• Do you believe America is headed that way?
• What are some other reasons why religion is in decline in some countries?
![Page 53: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• Secularism has become widespread in the last century
• People have abandoned organized religion in growing numbers. Even if they continue to be members of a church, their participation in church activities has declined
![Page 54: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Why do you think so many Americans are abandoning their religion?
• Suggestions:– Many millions of people do not practice a religion.– Secularism has become more widespread in the
past centuries as the political state became more dominant in people’s lives.
– The decline in religious affiliations affects all religions.• Secularism is more predominant in industrialized
regions because the church plays a smaller role in society.
![Page 55: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Religious Conflicts
• Religion vs. government policies– Religion vs. social change– Religion vs. Communism
• Religion vs. religion– Religious wars in the Middle East– Religious wars in Ireland
![Page 56: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Jerusalem
Fig. 6-14: The Old City of Jerusalem contains holy sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
![Page 57: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Boundary Changes in Palestine/Israel
Fig. 6-15: The UN partition plan for Palestine in 1947 contrasted with the boundaries that were established after the 1948–49 War. Major changes later resulted from the 1967 War.
![Page 58: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The West Bank: Political and Physical Geography
Fig. 6-16: Political control of the West Bank has been split between Palestinians and Israelis (though under overall Israeli control). The West Bank includes many of the higher altitude areas of the region.
![Page 59: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Israel’s Security Zone in Lebanon
Fig. 6-1-1: Israel established a security zone in southern Lebanon in 1982. When Israel withdrew in 2000, the UN helped draw the boundary between the countries.
![Page 60: Religion Notes Chapter 7. Religion, along with language, lies at the foundation of culture. – it reflects identity – it is a great binding force – it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adbad4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Protestants in Northern Ireland
Fig. 6-17: Percent Protestant population by district in Ireland, 1911. When Ireland became independent in 1937, 26 northern districts with large Protestant populations chose to remain part of the United Kingdom.