RELIEF SCULPTURE

WHAT IS RELIEF SCULPTURE?

relief, also called relievo, (from Italian relievare, “to raise”), in sculpture.

"sculpture that projects in vary degrees from a two-dimensional background.“

among the oldest forms of sculpted art.

TYPE OF RELIEF SCULPTURE:

Bas-reliefAlto-relief Sunken relief

BAS-RELIEFHas a very low degree of relief from the

base.the design projects only slightly from the

ground and there is little or no undercutting of outlines.

This technique retains natural contours of the figures, and allows the work to be viewed from many angles without distortion of the figures themselves.

(overall flat) background.

BAS RELIEF

Creation of Adam and Eve, Lorenzo Ghiberti

- first carved his design on a thick sheet of wax, then  fitted this with a covering of wet plaster that, once it had dried and the original wax had been melted out, made a fireproof mould into which liquid alloy was poured to recreate his bas relief sculpture in bronze. 

ALTO-RELIEVOhas a high degree of reliefthe sculptures emerge from the flat

base background, such as the sculptures of ancient pharaohs on their temples in Egypt.

HIGH RELIEFDetail of high relief

sculpturefrom the Arch of Constantine. Close-up of a scene from the military campaigns of Constantine I, from the triumphal arch situated between the Colosseum and thePalatine Hill in Rome.

SUNKEN RELIEFwhere the carving is sunk below the

level of the surrounding surface and is contained within a shapely incised boundary line that frames it with a powerful line of shadow.

actually carved into the base itself and have a negative degree of relief.

 found exclusively in ancient Egyptian art.

SUNK RELIEFsunken relief

carving depicting Akhen ten and his family receiving blessings from the sub god Aten.

MATERIALS IN RELIEF SCULPTURESStone - Carving must be done with great

strength and at the same time with great delicacy. Mistakes are difficult to repair, and too much force can cause breakage. But when a marble statue is carved and polished, the sculptor's work is done.

Clay- In contrast, is very soft. - Clay must be kept workable.- Every day the unfinished work

must be covered with damp rags, and from time to time the unused clay in the bin must be moistened with water and pounded.

Perhaps because they are permanent, stone and metal have always been important materials for the sculptor.

Other materials- wood, ivory, jade, bone, glass, and

plaster.Clay is by far the most frequently

used substance, but various kinds of wax have also been employed.

In modern time, the sculptor has turned to new materials such as one of the plastics, fiberglass, stainless steel, and aluminum.

TOOLSa soft substance easily and

precisely. allow the use of materials

otherwise too hard to handle.Loops of wire- held in wooden handles can drag

off large sections from a mass of clay more quickly and neatly than can a person's hands.

Sticks or blades of wood, ivory, or light, flexible metals

- clean edges and draw fine lines across the surface of wax, clay, or soft metal.

Hardwood and all forms of stone demand different kinds of tools.

Hammers, mallets, chisels, and drills are needed for the process of carving.

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