Reliability nhsiq 2014
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Transcript of Reliability nhsiq 2014
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Reliability
Patient Safety Team
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• Understand / appreciate the concept of reliability in healthcare
• Adopt a simple approach to: – Identify & understand reliability defects– Design & implement interventions
• Focus is on the methodology, not on specific solutions
Objectives
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What are we trying to achieve?
A health care system that ensures every patient consistently receives evidence-based, effective care every time he or she needs it
Decreasing the opportunity for variation
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How hard can that be?
McGlynn et al NEJM 2003; 348:2635-2645– 6712 Medical records examined– Only 55% received ‘scientifically indicated care’
All studies show << 80% reliability in delivery of intended care
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1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1million 10million
Number of encounters for each fatality
Tota
l liv
es lo
st p
er y
ear
REGULATEDHAZARDOUS(>1/1000)
ULTRA-SAFE(<1/100K)
Health Care
Mountain Climbing
Bungee Jumping
Driving
Chemical Manufacturing
Chartered Flights
Scheduled Airlines
European Railroads
Nuclear Power
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Can we deliver a reliable process?
Catastrophic processes
Blood transfusionWrong side surgeryHygiene in neutropenic patientsPost-operative counts
Highly reliable processes
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Non-catastrophic processesWhat do we mean? Failure of the process does not lead to death or severe injury within
hours of the failure
Very poor reliability < 80%Loss of connection with outcomeThe resilience of biologyThe tyranny of small numbersViolation and migration
There’s no feedback
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Example
• Every patient on newly started on warfarin therapy should have an INR taken every 24 hours. This result should inform the dose prescribed.
• Who has a deliberate and reliable process to achieve this and is confident it happens?
• Who doesn’t think it’s really that important?
• The policy in hospital is that staff should wash their hands on entry to the ward, between patients and on exiting the ward.
• Who thinks this happens reliably in their hospital? • Who doesn’t think it’s really that important?
Non Catastrophic Process
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The consequence of our actions
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Improvement Concepts Associated with Poor Reliability
• Primarily can be described as intent, vigilance, and hard work– Common equipment, standard order sheets, multiple choice
protocols, and written policies/procedures
– Personal check lists
– Feedback of information on compliance
– Suggestions of working harder next time
– Awareness and training
• Does this appear familiar?
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Improvement Concepts Associated with High Reliability
• Focus on human factors
• Standardize process based on best available evidence
• Minimize variation
• Make desired action the easiest / default action
• Aids to decision making
• Reminders and scheduling built in
• Design in failure prevention, identification and mitigation
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What do we mean by reliability?
• Chaos; failure in >20% of opportunities
• 80-90% reliability - >1 in 10 times the process fails. • 5 front line users can not easily articulate the process• • 95% reliability - 5 in 100 times the process fails. • 5 front line users can easily articulate the process
• 99% reliability - 1 in 100 times the process fails well designed system with low variation and cooperative relationships
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Level of reliability1. Get to an 80% reliable process (today’s work)
2. Analyse Failure and re-design
3. Follow up reliability in May • Deal with the remaining 20% • Aim is to resolve 80% of the remaining 20% • Analyse failure and re-design
• 80% + 80% of 20 = 96% reliability
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People make mistakes...
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Making the process more reliable
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Process Map & Standardisation
Identify and Prioritise Risk
Barriers and Mitigation
Test and Refine
Deliberate reliable design
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System solutions
Make it easier to do the right thing
Make it harder to do the wrong thing
Spot & stop errors