Relevance and Impact of

Engineering Education in India

Global Engineering Deans Conference Adelaide1Dec2015

Indranil MANNA

J C Bose Fellow Indian Institute of Technology KANPUR, India Indian National Academy of Engineering Indian Institute of Metals Coordinator IMPRINT imanna@iitk.ac.in; Web: www.imanna.org

• Science Engineering Technology

• India: A Nation with Unity in Diversity

• Engineering Education in India

• Importance of Engineering

• Engineering and economy

• IMPRINT–India (MHRD)

• Way forward

ENGINEERING

Know-how?

Product/device Invention

SCIENCE

Know-why?

Unravel nature Curiosity/need

inspired act

Discovery

TECHNOLOGY

Know-what sells?

Multiple copies Innovation

SET [Science-Engineering-Technology] PATH TO PROSPERITY:

(a) Knowledge (data to wisdom); (b) Opportunity (job and business)

SOCIETY

Components essential for societal growth

Academia creates/disseminates

KNOWLEDGE

MODERN

INNOVATION

ECO-

SYSTEM

Industry produces/provides

Innovative solutions as VIABLE TECHNOLOGY

Society CONSUMES

and DEMANDS

Research organization

pursues INVENTION

in S E T

The Relationship

SOCIETY

INDUSTRY

RESEARCH

EDUCATION

IN ‘SET’

SCIENCE,

ENGINEERING,

TECHNOLOGY

HUMANITIES &

MANAGEMENT

Enabling Education in Engineering Domain

INDIA – unity in Diversity

Size: 7th-largest area (3,287,263 km²), 2.4 % earth’s surface

Expanse: 3,214 km north-south; 2,933 km east-west; Frontier

of 15,200 km; and Coastline of 7,517 km

Population: 1.25 bn (2nd most populous); > 800 m below 35 yrs

GDP: > $ 2.0 trillion (10th in nominal and 4th in PPP terms)

S&T: Successfully conducted Lunar and Mars missions; satellite

launching capability; nuclear energy harnessing state

Diversity: 36 states/territories, 29 languages, 8 main religions

Poverty: Income/month/person < $ 100; Population below

poverty line ~ 22%; HDI = 134th; Unemployment ~ 7%; Literacy

rate = 74 %; Education level: at primary = 93%, secondary =

69% and post-secondary = 25%; GER ~ 15%

Challenges: poverty, hunger, health care concern, security

threat, inadequacy of basic amenities (housing, water,

employment) and lack of ‘appropriate’ education

Engineering solutions: awaited for issues related to energy,

defense, sustainability, security and education

INDIA at a glance – Relevant Facts

Engineering: most preferred profession or career option in India Reason: Assured job and good career prospect Trend: Opt for IITs and Computer Science as first choice Institutions: > 100 centrally funded engineering schools; 1000s

private institutions (but quality is suspect) JEE: About 300,000 appear for only about 6000 seats (~ 1 in 50) Aim: Develop engineers as solution providers not job seekers

Why is engineering education important in India? o Majority of India’s challenges/demands are of engineering origin o Education that promotes innovation/entrepreneurship needed o Huge demand/scope for infrastructure augmentation, harnessing

mineral/material resources, capacity enhancement o Significant scope for manufacturing of engineering goods/service o Engineering manpower needed (degree, diploma, trainee, labor)

Science is universal, but engineering solutions may be local

Engineering as a Driving Force for Economic Growth

'IMPacting Research, INnovation and Technology

IMPRINT India

First MHRD Supported Pan-IIT + IISc Joint Initiative

• Identify engineering challenges faced by the nation • Relevant to society’s demand and aspiration • Directed/translational research to develop viable technology • Create opportunities crowd sourcing and onus sharing • Overall aim: Inclusive Growth and Self-reliance • Engineering challenges under 10 domains (living and

material world) • Enhanced funding for research projects

– Convergent action by Ministry/Government Agencies – Industry participation is most desirable

Phase I: Policy document Phase II: Technology development

www.imprint-india.org

November 5, 2015

IMpacting Research, INnovation and Technology

[IMPRINT]

Education Policy for

Inculcating Scientific

Temperament and

Innovation Skills

Research

Roadmap for

Technology

Readiness

Policy Initiative Not Technology Development

Technology & Innovation

An initiative of MHRD to make an impact through research and innovation in engineering and technology

Education Policy for Inculcating Scientific

Temperament and Innovation Skills

School

(STEM)

University

(UG/PG levels)

Research

Univ + R&D Labs

(PDF/PhD/Projects)

Engineering

Branches Interdisciplinary

Interest

in S&T

Manpower Knowledge +

IMPRINT – Part A

Solution to India’s own problems

Technology aided education International

component

Research Roadmap for Technology Readiness

Infrastructure Competence

and Capability

Technology

Process Product

Goalposts

10 Domains and Related Themes/Targets/Topics

Targets

IMPRINT – Part B

Gap Map

Bridge +

Technology

Manpower

Infrastructure

HEALTHCARE

Themes: Campaign on health and healthy living

Affordable diagnostic tools and imaging

Prosthesis and implants

Innovative devices, embedded systems

Point-of-care diagnosis

ICT solutions for healthcare

Regenerative medicine

Surgical and operative solutions

Traditional healthcare

Reducing communicable diseases

Healthcare management and legal issues

Accelerating healthcare innovation

Objective: Making health care effective and affordable for all

IIT Kharagpur

INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

Themes: Data acquisition and processing

Communication

Computation

Computational infrastructure

Objective: Global leadership in information & communication technology

IIT Kharagpur

Objective: Attain energy security and make alternative and renewable energy affordable

ENERGY

Themes: Fusion technology

Clean coal technology

Renewable energy

Hydrogen based energy

Energy storage

Energy systems & efficiency

Revise energy strategy

IIT Bombay

Objective: Affordable and sustainable habitat for all in India

SUSTAINABLE HABITAT

Themes:

• Architecture & built forms

• Urban planning & design

• Physical infrastructure

• Housing for all

• Social infrastructure

• Water & sanitation

• Transportation

• Smart city

• Energy & environment

• Governance

IIT Roorkee

Security

Healthcare

Agriculture

Pedagogy

Environment

Objective: Nanotechnology product development for improving quality of life

NANOTECHNOLOGY

HARDWARE

Improving quality of life

IIT Bombay

Objective: Address critical challenges of water resources and river systems

WATER RESOURCES AND

RIVER SYSTEMS Major Themes –

–River Basins

–Water in Urban Systems

–Water in Rural Ecosystems

–Water & Agriculture

–Water & Industry

–Spatial Real-time Data & Infra

Complementing Science and Technology Measures –

–Valuing Water

–Governance

–Knowledge & Capacity Development

IIT Kanpur

Objective: Achieve leadership in hardware though advanced materials

ADVANCED MATERIALS

Structural Materials

Steel Light alloys Advanced composite materials Particulate materials Ultrahigh temperature materials

Functional Materials

Electronic materials Energy materials optoelectronic materials and devices Smart materials Earth abundant element based functional materials.

Emerging Materials

Nanomaterials Biomaterials and devices Polymeric and soft materials Glassy and amorphous materials Bio-inspired and patterned functional materials.

Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME)

IIT Kanpur

Objective: To improve the competitiveness of Indian manufacturing industry

MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Processes Processes for Shape Changes

Processes for Property Change

Verification of Manufactured Parts

Manufacturing Equipment and Tooling

Enabling Technologies

Manufacturing Strategies

IIT Madras

Objective: Lend an edge and indigenise the country’s security and defence capabilities

SECURITY AND DEFENCE

Combat Engineering Systems

Aircrafts and Submarines

Battle Tanks

Autonomous Systems

Armaments and Engineering Support Systems

Cyber security

Electronics and Communication Systems

Hardware Design

System Software

Application Software

Strategic Materials

Thorium technology

Smart materials

Rare earths IIT Delhi IIT Madras

Objective: Growth and prosperity without adverse impact on environment

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

AND CLIMATE CHANGE Climate science Monsoon prediction Ocean studies Air pollution Aerosols and climate Water resources and pollution Forests and climate change Glacier retreat Capacity development

IISc Bangalore

Synergy with National Missions

Clean India

Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan

Clean Ganga

SWAYAM

PMMM-NMTT

Global Perspective 14 Grand Challenges for Engineering in USA in 21st Century Grand Challenges for Engineering (USA):

An initiative of National Academy of Engineering, USA to define the 21st century’s Grand Challenges covering sustainability, health, security and joy

Chair: William Perry (50 subject experts from 40 different countries)

Million challenges, Billion minds

The second largest population of

the world which will soon be the

youngest, now aspires and

deserves a better quality and

security of life

Engineering can and should

provide solutions for societal

demands, challenges and

aspirations of young India

Creating opportunities

Accelerating innovation ecosystem

Viable technology products processes

Concluding Remarks