RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …...S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA Advances...
Transcript of RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …...S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA Advances...
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences Volume 17, Issue 1,November 2017, Pages 165-179 © 2017 Mili Publications
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 68N13, 97N50.
Keywords: clustering, cluster head selection, relay node selection, fuzzy approach,
autocorrelation function, routing.
Received March 10, 2017; Accepted July 20, 2017
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY
PERCEPTIVE FOR MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
R&D, Melange Technologies
Pondicherry, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Department of ECE
Pondicherry Engineering College
Pondicherry, India
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
As yet limiting the vitality usage and developing the ideal course way between the hubs in
the versatile specially appointed systems (MANET) is an awesome arrangement among the
analysts. The systems bunching and group head (CH) choice plans ideally decrease the
utilization of hubs vitality, however it drives the stacking issue at the same time. A significant
number of the calculations address the bunching issues yet not comprehended the stacking
issue totally. In this paper transfer based engineering (RBRAM) is intended for bunching, group
head race and also tends to the stacking issue by choice of hand-off hubs. This proposed
instrument initially composes the entire system into groups, after that locate the particular set
out hubs toward each bunch by utilizing the fluffy surmising framework. At that point it chooses
the hand-off hub in light of SNR and area, which is utilized further to reduce the stacking
impact of group head hubs. At that point the relating data exchange has been persisted by intra-
group and between bunch correspondence. The executed hand-off hub instrument at the same
time tends to the issue of repetitive information transmission by utilizing the autocorrelation
work. The reenacted comes about demonstrate that the proposed procedure beats well when
contrasted with the current expressed executions.
1. Introduction
A MANET is a sort of remote system which made out of an extensive no.
of self-arranging cell phones. These sorts of systems can be effectively
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
166
conveyed effortlessly at whenever and anyplace [1, 2]. It is ordered under the
framework less systems and does not require any physical spine behind them.
The hubs in the MANETs are completely independent and it is exceedingly
appropriate for the applications which are not required the settled foundation
[3]. The specially appointed topology of the MANET helps open and gadgets
to faultlessly internetwork in the area with no current foundation.
Every single gadget in the MANETs is permitted unreservedly to move in
the area of enthusiasm for any speed and heading. Because of the portability
of the hubs, the connection between the progressive hubs may break every
now and again [8, 9]. Since every gadget in the MANETs is gone about as a
host and in addition the switch for creating and sending the activity. The real
test in developing a MANET is to setting up every gadget to know about the
topology related data to course the activity effectively. On the specialized
progression of the portable hardware, the essential of the 802.11
administrations expanding step by step. Henceforth still the ceaseless
advancement in MANET is an imperative research zone [19]. To maintain a
strategic distance from/diminish the multifaceted nature of dealing with the
general system, the hubs are isolated into bunches. The outstanding and well
known approach that intended to offer asset administration over MANETs is
grouping [7]. The approach grouping presents all the more no. of advantages
when it related with MANETs, for example, it enhances the directing
approach and situation of portability and oversees dynamic system topology,
which offers most proficient asset distribution. Grouping is one of the
essential research territories in MANETs since it fundamentally enhances
the execution of the framework by diminishing the usage of battery control
and by diminishing the span of bunch at the same time expanding the
solidness of the connection in vast scale MANETs.
The bunch head race is a technique which is utilized to choose the head
hub from the group. The CH hub keeps up all the data’s identified with its
part hubs. The data contains the rundown of hubs show inside the group and
the way subtle elements among them [4]. The fundamental duty of the CH is
ideally imparting all the part hubs inside the bunch. However that the
specific CH is equipped for speak with the hubs relating to the individuals
from different bunches by through separate CH’s or any passage hubs [5, 6].
By and large, the information transmission in the bunch based design is done
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
167
in three sequential strides. In the first place, the CH hub assembles the data
from the greater part of its part hubs, after that the accumulated data
collected together and packed at last it exchanged to the base station or sink
by specifically or through other CH hubs. The effective CH decision
calculation significantly lessens the utilization of pointless vitality use and
upgrading the lifetime excessively [8, 9].
By and large, the hubs in the MANETs are constrained with battery
control; the development of a bunch is likewise costly regarding the vitality
exhaustion of the gadgets. This is caused because of the abundance control
messages traded amid the period of bunch development [10, 12].
The sending of MANET faces many difficulties like restricted transfer
speed, least battery control, multi-jump correspondence, security and
versatile topology. The significant issue/essential necessity in MANET has
limited vitality use since it is worked with constrained battery control [16]. To
broaden the life of the hubs and the system, the conventions executed for
bunch head determination and steering the information activity ought to
genuinely observed [13, 14].
Presently a day the bunch based directing plans are generally utilized for
delaying the lifetime of MANETs. The issue like grouping has been tended to
in various routes, for example, dividing bunching, progressive bunching,
thickness based bunching, topology based grouping and fluffy bunching
techniques [18, 19].
In this paper, the diverse methodologies for grouping and bunch based
directing plans are examined and break down the effect of the group head
stacking. This proposed conspire address the issues like bunching, CH race,
CH stacking and steering the system activity by utilizing fitting transfer
hubs. Further, this paper sorted out as takes after. In segment 2 the point by
point group and hand-off based methodologies are examined and overviewed.
The proposed calculation unmistakably clarified with reasonable figures in
area 3. The execution investigation of the proposed framework and its
graphical portrayals are delineated in segment 4. At long last, this paper is
finished up with segment 5.
2. Literature Survey
Creators of this paper entitled Cross-Layer Cooperative Medium Access
Control (CCMAC) convention [17] is actualized with a specific end goal to
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
168
address the issue of choosing the ideal transfer hub for passing on the data
information to the sink through CH. The proposed CCMAC chose the ideal
transfer hub which is as per the channel state conditions (CSI). It is
additionally utilized for guaranteeing the connection security. The
information rate of the expected transmission changed in view of the sort of
information (i.e. flexible or inelastic) to be sent. The execution investigation of
the actualized CCMAC recreated with NS2 test system and the results are
contrasted with the current related plans.
Creators of this plan recommended the Modified Relay based MAC
Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc Network [15]. In this plan, transfer hubs are
thought to be the vital one and are utilized to pass on the prospective data to
others in the area. The technique for determination of transfer terminals and
its tallies in the territory of intrigue is a basic factor in developing the ideal
hand-off hub in the remote space. This recommended conspire presents three
parameters for hand-off determination thought. At first, the rate of
transmission between the source hub to the transfer hub and the hand-off to
the beneficiary is considered. Taken after to that, the dependability of the
expected transfer is considered and third is vitality used by the hand-off
terminal for the progressive information transmission. At long last, this plan
deliberately assessed to examine the execution measurements with respect to
the deferral, vitality use, throughput, and conveyance proportion.
Creators of this paper overviewed the diverse sorts of grouping and bunch
head decision calculations from the current papers [11]. The effect of
bunching and the CH decision plans is plainly broke down in this paper. This
broad study predominantly concentrates on the CH race methodologies and
its significant goals. At long last, they organized the uniqueness of the every
calculation and obviously given how it varies from each other. The procedure
of both the between bunch and intra-group approaches additionally managed
in this paper.
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
169
3. Proposed Scheme
Figure 1. Architecture of the proposed system.
Figure 1 demonstrates the proposed design which contains the bunching
and its head decision stage, hand-off hub choice, and productive steering
plans. In this proposed calculation the fluffy derivation framework is used to
choose the CH. A different SNR based calculation is used to choose the
transfer hub to lessen the stacking impact of the particular CH in the
bunches. The transfer hub joined with the excess information processor which
lessens the transmission of same information more than ones. It all the while
limits the use of data transfer capacity and vitality as well.
A. Clustering
The sink is one of the part hubs in the system which is inbuilt with an
uncommon stockpiling and useful gadgets. At first, the sink hub sends a
notice message (adv_message) among the hubs in the system inside its scope
run. Accordingly, every one of the hubs in the region of the sink get the
adv_message and stamp it by promotion distinguishing proof number
(adv_id) = 1. Through this adv_message every hub in the system can ready to
discover the separation from its originator hub by utilizing the condition (1).
Appropriately all the part hubs in the particular groups figure the deferral
from its sink/originator at the season of time stamping. The estimation of the
recorded postponement is then contrasted and the predefined defer esteem
and the yield of this calculation given as contribution to the fluffy surmising
framework for CH race.
.4
2
lGG
P
Prxtx
rx
tx
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
170
Where is the wavelength, l be the separation, txP and rxP be the power
for transmitter and beneficiary and txG and rxG be the pickup of the
transmitter and recipient.
At that point the hub with higher separation esteem used to forward the
adv_message onto its region with its stamping esteem. The further hubs get
the adv_message and stamps it by an augmentation with the current
adv_id=1 +. This procedure will proceed until the point that the last hub
exists in the system adv_id=1 +n.
By empowering this procedure, every hub in the system knows its adv_id
and its separation from the neighbouring sender hubs, and a similar data
getting recorded in the transitory table which is controlled by the hubs itself.
Endless supply of this commercial procedure, the hubs in the system are gone
into the neighbour disclosure stage. In this stage, every one of the hubs trade
the welcome message among them alongside the adv_id stamp. The hubs
which are accepting the same adv_id gathered together and frame the group.
B. Cluster Head Selection
Subsequent to building the bunches, the bunch head hub is chosen from
the gathering of hubs to limit the vitality usage of the individual hubs and
also the activity produced on the specific premises. With a specific end goal to
choose the CH from the gathering, the Fuzzy e hubs derivation strategy is
used. Since the Fuzzy based group head decision gives ideal utilization of
vitality use and compelling burden sharing among the hubs in the bunch.
Where the underlying vitality of the hubs in the system is N_IE, the lingering
vitality of the hub is N_RE, and the vitality usage of the hub is N_UE.
,UEIERE NNN (2)
where the factor vitality usage (N_UE) is made out of, the vitality spent for
transmission of information parcels and gathering of information bundles.
.ERETUE NNN (3)
Where ETN and ERN be the vitality is spent because of transmission
and gathering of information bundles by the hub itself.
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
171
Delay Residual Energy Output
Low High High
High Low Low
Medium Medium Medium
High Medium Low
Medium Low Low
Low Medium Medium
The info parameters to the fluffy derivation framework are deferral and
lingering vitality. The evaluated yield of the framework is high, medium and
low likelihood. At each round, the parameter estimations of the hubs are
getting contrasted and an indistinguishable bolstered from contribution to
the fluffy framework. In light of the information parameters the yield is
anticipated as high, medium and low. In the event that the forecast yield is
high then the specific hub is chosen to go about as a CH with high conceivable
outcomes. All the while the low and medium likelihood hubs are disposed of
from the race procedure of CH at the specific round. In the situation, if there
is no high likelihood esteemed hubs, and after that the medium likelihood
hubs are chosen as CH.
C. Cluster Head Selection
Despite the fact that the procedure of CH decision limits the vitality
usage in the groups of the MANETs, yet it drives the stacking issue. Since,
after the race of CH, every one of the exchanges from the part hubs are begun
through CH as it were. It stacks the CH heavier and infers pointless deferral
and increment the movement for the progressive transmissions. To decrease
the stacking impact of the CH the transfer hub has been chosen for helping
the CH which at the same time gives the appropriated condition.
The time shifting attributes of the diverts in the remote condition
significantly influence the system execution. Henceforth choosing the hand-
off hub, the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the specific connects to the hub
likewise considered.
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
172
The SNR of the specific connection XiSNR is computed as,
.Xi
XiXi N
SSNR
The transfer hub choice is an essential foundation in this proposed
design. In this engineering, the chose hand-off hub can be utilized as a
moderate hub for information move in the period of between group and intra-
bunch correspondence. Subsequently in this proposed engineering the
position of the transfer hub put as closer ideal to the different bunches and its
own particular closer individuals and is picked as a hand-off hub for the
current round.
In the period of neighbor disclosure, each hub in the groups imparts their
data to each other inside its correspondence go. At the season of adv_id
trading the hubs which are getting more than one adv_id, distinguishes
themselves as a hand-off hub. All the while it communicates their hand-off
data to every one of the hubs in the region and registers with the bunch
leaders of the separate groups. At each round, because of the portability, the
transfer hub choice is performed by its position.
D. Intra and Inter-Cluster Routing
At the season of information exchange, the individuals from the bunch
figure the separation of the transfer hub to compute the base transmission
energy of the planned transmission. This estimation is set aside a few
minutes when the part hubs are accepting the hand-off declaration.
The base transmission control required [8] for transmitting the data
between the match of hubs yx, is ylxPR ,min and is given in the
underneath condition. The run of the mill predefined estimation of the limit
control (PRth) for the standard IEEE 802.11 is 3.652-10 mW and in addition
the estimation of the proportionality steady is 280 mWat full power. By and
large, the estimation of on account of two-beam proliferation show is 4.
.0
0,min C
lPRlPR th
yx
(4)
On account of the thick condition, the hubs in the bunch may send the
excess data which uses the vitality and transfer speed superfluously which at
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
173
the same time increment the activity of the CH. To maintain a strategic
distance from such circumstance the transfer hub is played out the
relationship work which needs to choose whether the information must be
sent to CH or not. On the off chance that the got information has higher
connection esteem inside the time bound the information has not handled
further, and the record of the information just sent to the CH. Along these
lines, the intra-group directing is performed to limit the vitality usage and
data transfer capacity, which at the same time lessens the activity joined
with the CH.
Let ” be the quantity of hubs in the system and ‘X_i’ be the quantity of
hubs in the individual groups ‘C_n’. Where, 1,,3,2,1 ii and
.1,,3,2,1 n
.XCX ni (5)
Give C_n a chance to be the groups limit, TR be the round trek time, NF
be the capacity, be the occasion, be the predefined blunder esteem (holds
the estimation of -1 to +1) and be the autocorrelation yield. The stochastic
procedure R be the gathering of irregular factors from the time .TR Where
.: TRmR
,,, 321 iRRRRiRN mRmRmRmRmRFTTTTT
(6)
where, .1,,3,2,1 ii
The autocorrelation work ( ) of an irregular procedure communicates the
similitude between values accumulated from the procedures at various
roundtrip times (R_T). At that point the estimation of ” between the group
limit C_n and R_T is given by,
., mCCmmTn nnRRERC (7)
Where, ” is the mean, ” is the difference, and ” is the normal esteem. For this
situation, the predefined mistake esteem is characterized as 0. At the point
when the autocorrelation yield hold ” the esteem higher than ,00 the
specific messages are disposed of by the hand-off hub itself, and the hub
record of the expected messages are sent to the CH.
On the off chance that the separation between the sink and the expected
bunch is more than the between group directing is performed. Since the
transfer hub is constantly chosen under the situation; it ought to be closer to
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
174
more than one bunch. On the off chance that the time stamp id estimation of
the particular CH is high, at that point the information must be sent to the
close-by hand-off hub which has a place with the base time stamp esteemed
CH id. Endless supply of the information from close-by group, it advances it
to its individual CH and the same transmitted to the sink. Amid the
procedure, the connection solidness is guaranteed and the deferral of the
specific transmission is additionally significantly decreased.
4. Performance Analysis
This proposed calculation is reproduced with the NS-2.32 open source test
system for investigating the execution in the perspective of Packet Delivery
Ratio (PDR), delay, vitality use and usage of control overheads. The re-
enacted consequences of this RBRMF are then contrasted and the current
CCMAC calculations for assessing the above-said measurements. Cross-Layer
Cooperative Medium Access Control (CCMAC) convention is actualized with
a specific end goal to take care of the issue of transfer hub determination in
the MANET condition. This CCMAC pass on the information to sink by the
method for distinguishing the ideal transfer terminal which is chosen by the
channel state conditions (CSI) for affirming the soundness of expecting joins
and appropriately control the transmission rate in light of the sort of
information (i.e. flexible and inelastic) to be passed on.
Figure 2. Delay analysis of RBRMF and CCMAC.
Figure 2 demonstrates the postpone investigation of the proposed
RBRMF and existing CCMAC. The deferral of both the conventions is
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
175
expanded sprightly while expanding the quantity of hubs. Be that as it may,
when contrasted with the current convention the proposed one encounters
just less postponement. Since the proposed RBRMF utilizes fluffy based
group heads determination which depends on deferral and lingering vitality.
At that point the transfer hub is chosen in view of the SNR of the specific
connection at the same time it keeps away from the excess information
transmission. Thus this proposed one fundamentally limits the defer
contrasted with the CCMAC.
Figure 3. Energy analysis of RBRMF and CCMAC.
Since the proposed RBRMF use the autocorrelation-based excess
information processor which definitely decreases the quantity of
transmissions to the sink and it at the same time lessens the vitality use as
well. At the point when contrasted with the CCMAC the proposed RBRMF
uses least vitality for the individual transmissions. Because of the choice
transfer hubs, the movement happened in the specific premises are likewise
decreased definitely. It keeps away from pointless impacts, postponement and
retransmission of information bundles subsequently it diminishes the vitality
usage of the hubs ideally. The progressive information transmission from the
hubs to the hand-off utilizations least transmission control it likewise limits
the vitality use significantly which is graphically spoken to in figure 3.
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
176
Figure 4. Packets drop analysis of RBRMF and CCMAC.
The proposed instrument utilizes the SNR based transfer hubs which
guarantee the connection dependability and fundamental information
bundles just transmitted to the sink through CH. The intra and between
bunch issues additionally successfully managed by utilizing the transfer
terminal. Subsequently the drop of the proposed one encounters limited drop
when contrasted with the past one. While expanding the quantity of hubs at
the same time it builds the drop of both the conventions. Yet, when
contrasted with the current one drop of the proposed RBRMAF is essentially
less since it uses the hand-off based instrument which is unmistakably
outlined in figure 4.
Figure 5. Packets Delivery Ratio analysis of RBRMF and CCMAC.
The hand-off hub determination is offering help to the separate CH, to
diminish the activity of the specific group. Henceforth it altogether lessens
the drop and at the same time expands the conveyance of bundles. Since the
hand-off hub is chosen in view of the connection steadiness. While expanding
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
177
the quantity of hubs both the conventions give the ideal conveyance
proportion. Contrasted with the past execution the proposed RBRAM give
higher conveyance proportion when the hub measure is extensive (i.e. no. of
hub from 30 to 50) and is obviously delineated in figure 5.
Figure 6. Throughput analysis of RBRMF and CCMAC.
Figure 6 demonstrates the throughput investigation of both the current
and proposed RBRMAF. Because of the transfer determination, the
movement of the specific premises essentially diminished. The transfer hub
sends the data to sink as indicated by the significance of the approaching
information. Since the throughput of the proposed framework essentially
expanded when contrasted with the current one.
The proposed convention expands the conveyance proportion, throughput
and altogether diminishes the drop, postponement and vitality usage in an
extensive way. So as to choose the hand-off hub, accomplishing the excess
information preparing and in addition bunching and CH choice approach it
uses minimal more control overheads contrasted with the current one. The
expansion in control overheads additionally expands the vitality usage
straightly. Be that as it may, the vitality used for executing the control
overheads is constantly less contrasted with the information sending and
gathering. In this proposed conspire the quantity of transmissions is
controlled by the hand-off determination system. Since the expanding in
charge overheads is not give any awesome effect on the perspective of vitality
usage.
S. V. MANIKANTHAN and T. PADMAPRIYA
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
178
5. Conclusion
In this paper, the stacking impact of the CH in the bunches is tended to
in detail by joining the transfer hubs. Taken after by the bunching procedure
the CH hubs are chosen by utilizing the hub parameters like postponement
and remaining vitality which is ideally adjusts the vitality use of the hubs in
the system. Endless supply of the CH race handle, the transfer hub is chosen
keeping in mind the end goal to decrease the stacking impact of the CH hub
and lessens the movement adjacent the CH. Since the transfer hub utilizes
the autocorrelation work for maintaining a strategic distance from the excess
information transmissions, it essentially lessens the measure of activity in
the particular groups. At that point encourage information transmission is
affected by utilizing least transmission control, it fundamentally limits the
normal vitality usage of the hubs and the whole system.
References
[1] A. P. Sreevatsan and D. Thomas, An optimal weighted cluster based routing protocol for
MANET, International Conference on Data Mining and Advanced Computing
(SAPIENCE), IEEE Explore (2016), 310-316.
[2] S. Elkafhali and H. Abdelkrim, Effect of Mobility and Traffic Models on the Energy
Consumption in MANET Routing Protocols, International Journal of Soft Computing
and Engineering 3(1) (2013), 778-785.
[3] C. Ellammal and G. Sudha Sadasivam, Analysis of impact of Network Topology on
Energy Efficient Cooperative Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Ad-hoc
Network, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 8(10) (2014), 72-80.
[4] G. Zhao, W. Shi, Z. Chen and Q. Zhang, Autonomous Relaying Scheme With Minimum
User Power Consumption in Cooperative Multicast Communications, IEEE Transactions
on Wireless Communications 15(4) 2509-2522.
[5] J. Liu, X. Jiang, H. Nishiyama and N. Kato, Generalized Two-Hop Relay for Flexible
Delay Control in MANETs, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 20(6) (2012), 1950-
1963.
[6] J. Bai, Y. Sun and C. Phillips, CRRP: A cooperative relay routing protocol for IoT
networks, IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile
Radio Communications (PIMRC), IEEE Explore (2016), 1-6.
[7] K. Hussain, A. Hanan Abdullah, S. Iqbal, M. Awan and F. Ahsan, Efficient Cluster Head
Selection Algorithm for MANET, Journal of Computer Networks and Communications,
Vol. 2013, pp.7.
[8] M. Tarique and R. Islam, Minimum Energy Dynamic Source Routing protocol for Mobile
Ad Hoc Networks, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security
7(11) (2007), 304-311.
RELAY BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENERGY PERCEPTIVE …
Advances and Applications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, Issue 1, November 2017
179
[9] M. Abdelmoumen, I. Arfaoui, M. Frikha and T. Chahed, On the Performance of MANETs
under Different Mobility Patterns and Routing Protocols and Its Improvement Based on
Fixed Relay Nodes, International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and
Security (NTMS), IEEE Explore (2012), pp. 1-5.
[10] P. Behre and P. Sahu, Customized Medium Access Control (C-MAC) Protocol for
Cooperative Wireless Network, International Journal of Computer Applications 137(3)
(2016), 44-52.
[11] V. Preetha and K. Chitra, Clustering and Cluster Head Selection Techniques in Mobile
Adhoc Networks, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering 2(7) (2014), 5151-5157.
[12] T. Reddy, J. John and C. Murthy, Providing MAC QoS for multimedia traffic in 802.11e
based multihop ad hoc wireless networks, Computer Networks 51(1) (2007), 153-176.
[13] Sargolzaey, H. Ali, Borhanuddin, Khatun and Sabira, A Cross Layer Metric for
Discovering Reliable Routes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Personal
Communications 66(1) (2012), 207-215.
[14] S. P. Patil and P.R. Chandre, Trust and neighbor coverage based protocol to improve
reliability of routing in MANET, International Conference on Computing
Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), IEEE Explore, pp. 1-5, 2016.
[15] T. Padmapriya and V. Saminadan, Improving Throughput for Downlink Multi user
MIMO-LTE Advanced Networks using SINR approximation and Hierarchical CSI
feedback, International Journal of Mobile Design Network and Innovation, Inderscience
Publisher, ISSN : 1744-2850 6(1) (2015), 14-23.