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    Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

    irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd columnof irregular verbs

    Example:I / you / we / they have spokenhe / she / it has spoken

    regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed

    Example:I / you / we / they have workedhe / she / it has worked

    form of 'have' + been + verb + ing

    Example:I / you / we / they have been speakinghe / she / it has been speaking

    Exceptions

    Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d

    Example:love - loved

    after a short, stressed vowel, the finalconsonant is doubled

    Example:admit - admitted

    final l is always doubled in British English

    (not in American English) Example:

    travel - travelledafter a consonant, final y becomes i (but:not after a vowel)

    Example:worry - worried

    but: play - played

    Exceptions when adding 'ing' : silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee )

    Example: come - comingaber: agree - agreeing

    after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant isdoubled

    Example: sit - sitting

    after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in

    British English (but not in American English).Example: travel - travelling

    final ie becomes y.

    Example: lie - lying

    See also explanations on Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive

    Use

    Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on orhas just finished. In many cases, both forms are correct, but there is often a differencein meaning: We use the Present Perfect Simple mainly to express that an action iscompleted or to emphasize the result. We use the Present Perfect Progressive toemphasize the duration or continuous course of an action.

    Result or duration?

    Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been goingon yet?

    http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simplehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressivehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressivehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressivehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple
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    Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

    Result (what / how much / how often)

    I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.

    Duration (how long)

    I have been writing for an hour.

    Certain verbs

    The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive form).

    state: be, have (for possession only)

    Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks.

    senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch

    Example: He has touched the painting.

    brain work: believe, know, think, understand

    Example: I have known him for 3 years.

    Emphasis on completion or duration?

    Do you want to emphasize the completion of an action or its continuous course (howhas somebody spent his time)?

    Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

    Emphasis on completion

    I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed now.)

    Emphasis on duration

    I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how Ihave spent my time. It does not matter whether thehomework is completed now.)

    Result or side effect?

    Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or that the action

    had an unwanted side effect?

    Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

    desired result

    I have washed thecar. (Result: The car is cleannow.)

    unwanted side effect

    Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: Ibecame wet when I was washing the car. It does not matter whetherthe car is clean now.)

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    Time + negation: last time or beginning of an action?

    In negative sentences: Do you want to express how much time has past since the lasttime the action took place or since the beginning of the action?

    Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Progressive

    since the last time

    I haven't played that game foryears. (Meaning: It's years ago that I last

    played that game.)

    since the beginning

    I haven't been playing that game for an hour, only for 10minutes. (Meaning: It's not even an hour ago that Istarted to play that game.)

    Present Perfect Simple - Present Perfect Progressive

    Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present PerfectProgressive)

    1. I (play) have been pla

    football for five years.

    2. My team (win / only) two matches so far.

    3. The others (be / always) better.

    4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) for hours.

    5. But we (cover / only) an area of five miles so far.

    6. I (finish/just) my homework.

    7. I (work) on this essay since two o'clock.

    8. Jane (go out) with Bob for seven years.

    9. Martin (date) three girls this week.

    10. How long (wait / you) for us?

    Exercise 2

    Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present PerfectProgressive).

    1. A: (you / play / ever) tennis?

    2. B: I (play / only) tennis once or twice. And you?

    3. A: I (learn) tennis for two years.

    4. B: (you / take) part in any competitions yet?5. A: I (participate) in four contests this year.

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    6. B: (you / win) an

    / not)

    y prizes so far?

    7. A: No, I (win anything yet. I'm not that good yet. (you / enter /

    ever) a co

    B: I (s

    ntest?

    8. wim) for seven years and I (receive / already) sometrophies.

    Exercise 3

    Use the verbs in Present Perfect Progressive, if possible. If it is not possible, use thePresent Perfect Simple.

    1. We (know) them for 15 years.

    2. They (watch ) TV for 3 hours.3. He (have) thi s car for 20 years.

    4. We (work) for 7 hours without a break.

    5. How long (you / learn) English?

    6. Mr Smith (be) in hospital for 5 days.

    7. Steven (hear) a mouse squeak all night.

    8. (you / see) Brona?

    9. She (prepare) dinner for two hours.

    10. Don't worry, th not) ey (touch / your gameboy.

    Exercise 4

    Which form is correct (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive)?

    1. We want to tell how we have spent our time:

    We have played football.

    We have been playing football.2. The action is completed now:

    Charly has sent the letter.

    Charly has been sending the letter.3. I want to tell how I have spent my time:

    I have watched TV.

    I have been watching TV.4. I want to emphasise that the door is open now:

    Elizabeth has opened the door.Elizabeth has been opening the door.

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    5. I want to emphasise that the house is ready now:

    My friends have built a house.

    My friends have been building a house.

    Pres rfect Progressive

    xer

    What is emphasized?

    1.

    ent Perfect Simple - Present Pe

    cise 05E

    I have cooked dinner.

    emphasizing that dinner is ready now

    emphasizing how I have spent my time book.2. She has been reading a

    emphasizing that she has read the book completely

    emphasizing how she has spent her time3. He has closed all the windows.

    emphasizing that all windows are closed now

    emphasizing how he has spent his time4. I have tidied up my room.

    emphasizing that the room is tidy now

    emphasizing how I have spent my time5. We have been swimming.

    emphasizing, that we are not swimming anymore now

    emphasizing how we have spent our time

    Exercise 6

    Put imple or Present Perfectthe verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect SProgressive).

    1. u out of breath? - I (run)Why are yo .2. The toaster is okay again. Dad (repair) it.

    3. I am so tired, I (work) all day.

    4. Your shirt is clean now. Maggie (wash) it.

    5. I'm afraid, I'm getting a cold. I (walk) home in the rain.

    6. Your clothes smell awf oke) ul! (you / sm ?

    7. Peggy is ready for her exam now. I (help) her preparing for it.

    8. It is dark in here because we (close) t nt to watch a filmhe curtains. We waand that's better in the dark.

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    9. His voice is gone now because he (shout) all morning.

    Exercise 7

    Put the verbs into the correct ten t Perfect Simple or Present Perfectse (Presen

    Progressive).

    1. One can see through the windows again. Jane (clean) them.

    2. olutely sunburned. You (sit) You are abs in the sun too long.

    3. We can watch the film now. Michael (connect) the DVD player.

    4. The room looks much nicer now. I (hang) up some pictures.

    5. Freddy is soaken wet. He (wash) the dog.

    6. I am not hungry. I (eat / already) something.

    7. Can I go outside? I (do) my homework.

    8. My eyes are red because I (cut) onions.

    Exercise 8

    Put the verbs into the correct te sent Perfectnse (Pre Simple or Present PerfectProgressive).

    1. I (play / not) the computer for half an hour, only for about 5 minutes.

    2. / not)Bob (drive a car for eight years.3. Carla (go / not) on holiday for three years.

    4. We (run / not) for 40 minutes yet - there are still 10 minutes left.

    5. They (smoke / not) for 10 days now.

    6. I (eat / not) anyt hing since two o'clock.

    7. Anna (work / not) here for five years, but for seven years.

    8. I (read / not) for a long time - just 10 minutes, not more.

    9. You (cycle / not) f s only about one hour.or two hours. It wa

    10. Catherine (speak / not) French for 10 years, so her French isn't very goodnow.

    Exercise 9

    Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present PerfectProgressive).

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    1. y car, I (travel / not) Since I bought m by train.

    2. (learn / not) He English for two years yet, but he speaks it very well.

    3. We (party / not) for a long time, but there's no food left.

    4. My sister and her boyfriend (go / not) out together for a long time. Theyonly met three weeks ago.

    5. James (tidy / not) up his r ong time. Ioom for a l t's a complete mess.

    6. We (practise / not) for hours - 15 minutes were enough.

    7. Louis is absolutely tired as he (sleep / not) well for days.

    8. Dana (work / not) for days is ill. because she

    9. I (play / not) the piano for ages, so please don't ask me to perform

    anything.10. We (hang / not) ab n the garden.out all day, we have helped grandma i

    Exercise 10

    Put the verbs int ct tense (Present Perfecto the corre Simple or Present PerfectProgressive).

    1. ake) A: (you / t the dog for a walk yet?

    2. B: I (work) all day. I (come / just) home from work and

    I (have / not) the time yet to walk the dog.

    3. A: How long (the dog / be) home alone?

    4. B: For about 6 hours. You (walk / not) the dog for a long time. Don't youwant to go?

    5. A: Well, I (laze / not) about all day either, you know. I have a very

    important mee ow and I still (finish / not) ting tomorr my presentation.

    6. B: Okay, I will go then. Where t) (you / pu collar and leash?

    7. A: They are in the kitchen. By the way ) , (you / eat anything yet? If not,could you get us something from the supermarket?

    Exercise 11

    Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Per e or Present Perfectfect SimplProgressive).

    for you for half an hour. Where (be) ?1. (call)A: I And why areyour clothes so dirty?

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    2. B: I (tidy) up the shed in the garden.

    3. A: (you / find) a box with old photos there? I (look) for it forages.

    4. B: I (discover / not) it yet, but I (work / not) for a long timeyet. I (come / just) in to eat something.

    5. A: I (cook / not) anything yet because I (talk) to ourneighbour.

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    1

    Present perfect (I have done)

    Study this example situation:

    Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.

    He has lost his key.He has lost his key = He lost it and he still hasn't got it.Have/has lost is the present perfect simple :

    I/we/they/you have (= I've etc.)finishedlostdone

    been etc.he/she/it has (= he's etc.)

    The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle often ends in ed(finish ed /decid ed etc.), but many important verbs are irregular ( lost/done/been/written etc.).

    When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in the past has a resultnow :

    Where's your key? I don't know. I've lost it. (I haven't got it now) He told me his name but I've forgotten it. (I can't remember it now) Is Sally here? No, she's gone out. (she is out now) I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (do you know where it is now?)

    We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening: Ow! I've cut my finger. The road is closed. There 's been (= there has been) an accident. ( from the news ) The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

    You can use the present perfect with just , already and yet :

    Just = a short time ago: Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I've just had lunch. Hello. Have you just arrived ?

    We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected: Don't forget to post the letter, will you? I've already posted it. What time is Mark leaving? He's already gone .

    Yet = until now and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questionsand negative sentences:

    Has it stopped raining yet ? I've written the letter but I haven't posted it yet .

    Note the difference between gone (to ) and been (to ): Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain. (= he is there now or on his way there) Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back from Italy)

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    2

    tc. when these periods are not finished

    Study this example conversation:DAVE: Have you travelled a lot, Jane?JANE: Yes, I've been to lots of places.DAVE: Really? Have you ever been to China?JANE: Yes, I've been to China twice.DAVE: What about India?JANE: No, I haven't been to India.

    When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use the present perfect (have been / have travelled etc.). Here, Dave and Jane are talking about the places Jane has visited in her life(which is a period that continues until now).

    Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your life) We've never had a car. Have you read Hamlet? No, I haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays. Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times! What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen.

    In the following examples too the speakers are talking about a period that continues until now (recently / inthe last few days / so far / since breakfast etc.):

    Have you heard from George recently ? I've met a lot of people in the last few days . Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far . I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast . (= from

    breakfast until now)

    It's nice to see you again. We haven't seen each other for along time .

    We use the present perfect with today / this morning / this evening eat the time of speaking:

    I've drunk four cups of coffee today . (perhaps I'11 drink more before today is finished) Have you had a holiday this year (yet)? I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you ?

    Note that we say 'It's the first time something has happened' (present perfect). For example:

    Don is having a driving lesson. He is very nervous and unsure because it is his first lesson.

    It's the first time he has driven a car. (not 'drives')or He has never driven a car before.

    Linda has lost her passport again. It's the second timethis has happened . (not 'happens')

    This is a lovely meal. It's the first good meal I've had for ages. (not 'I have')

    Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third timehe's phoned her this evening .

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    3

    Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)It has been raining. Study this example situation:

    Is it raining? No, but the ground is wet.It has been raining.Have/has been -ing is the present perfect continuous :

    I/we/they/you have (= I've etc.) doing been waiting

    he/she/it has (= he's etc.) playing etc.

    We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped.There is a connection with now:

    You're out of breath. Have you been running ? (you're our of breath now) Paul is very tired. He's been working very hard. (he's tired now) Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing ? I've been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that ...

    It has been raining for two hours. Study this example situation:

    It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it isstill raining.How long has it been raining ?It has been raining for two hours.

    We often use the present perfect continuous in this way,especially with how long, for. .. and since .... The activity isstill happening (as in this example) or has just stopped.

    How long have you been learning English? (you're still learning English) Tim is still watching television. He's been watching television alI day . Where have you been? I've been looking for you for the last half hour. George hasn't been feeling well recently.

    You can use the present perfect continuous for actions repeated over a period of time: Debbie is a very good tennis player. She's been playing since she was eight. Every morning they meet in the same caf. They've been going there for years.

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    4

    Present perfect continuous and simple(I have been doing and I have done)Study these example situations:

    Ann's clothes are covered in paint.She has been painting the ceiling.Has been painting is the present perfectcontinuous.We are interested in the activity. It does not matterwhether something has been finished or not. In thisexample, the activity (painting the ceiling) has not

    been finished.

    The ceiling was white. Now it is blue.She has painted the ceiling.Has painted is the present perfect simple.Here, the important thing is that something has beenfinished. 'Has painted' is a completed action. We areinterested in the result of the activity (the paintedceiling), not in the activity itself.

    Compare these examples: My hands are very dirty. I've been

    repairing the car. She's been smoking too much recently.

    She should smoke less. It's nice to see you again. What have you

    been doing since we last met? Where have you been? Have you been

    playing tennis?

    The car is OK again now. I've repaired it. Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes.

    The packet is empty. Where's the book I gave you? What have

    you done with it? Have you ever played tennis?

    We use the continuous to ask or say how long (foran activity that is still happening):

    How long have you been reading that book?

    Mary is still writing letters. She's beenwriting letters all day .

    They've been playing tennis since

    2 o'clock.

    We use the simple to ask or say how much, howmany or how many times (completed actions):

    How many pages of that book have youread?

    Mary has written ten letters today. They've played tennis three times this

    week.

    There are some verbs (for example, know/like/believe ) that are normally not used in the continuous:

    I've known about it for a long time. (not I've been knowing)

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    5

    ENGLISH GRAMMAR: Simple Past or Present Perfect?

    Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses using the Simple Past or the Present Perfect.

    - Look! I (find) this book in the library yesterday.

    - Oh, I (hear) very good things about it.

    - I (never, be) to Paris. How about you?

    - I (be) there last year. In fact, that (be) my third time in Paris.

    - Would you like to try sushi? I think you'll like it.

    - Thanks. Actually I (have) sushi many times. It's my favorite dish.

    Tom (study) a lot lately. He's doing very well in school. Yesterday he (study) so hard that he (fall) asleep on the desk.

    I (never, see) such a beautiful view! This really is a wonderful place.

    When I (call) Sara, she (be) in the shower.

    - Frank, this is my friend Jane.

    - We (meet) before. How are you, Jane?

    This restaurant (get) much better since I first (come) here.

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    6

    Present Perfect and Past Simple (for, since or ago)

    Complete with for or since .

    I've studied piano 10 years.

    They've practiced soccer they were children.

    We have known each other a long time.

    We moved to California three months .

    They have tried to win the contest years.

    Leslie has lived in Ohio 1982.

    Melissa arrived at the office an hour .

    Tom and Paul have known each other 2001.

    Two days we decided to change our strategy.

    2005 we have tried to get new clients.

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    7

    Click on the answer you think is correct. In some examples two answers may be possible butone is more natural than the other. This natural one is the correct answer.

    1. I'm very hungry. I_________ all day.

    a) didn't eat

    b) haven't ate

    c) havent eaten

    d) have been eating

    2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They _____ completely _____ it.

    a) have _____ been redecorating

    b) have _____ redecorated

    c) already _____ redecorated

    d) didn't _____ redecorated

    3. Our kitchens a mess. We____________ any cleaning for weeks.

    a) didn't do

    b) haven't been doing

    c) have doned) haven't done

    4. I think they are dating. They____________ a lot of each other recently.

    a) had seen

    b) haven't been seeing

    c) have been seeing

    d) have seen

    5. We've discovered this great caf and w e_____________ there a lot.

    a) have been going

    b) have gone

    c) are going

    d) have went

    6. How's your Mum? I _____________ her for ages.

    a) had seen

    b) haven't seen

    c) haven't been seeing

    d) didn't see

    7. You're covered i n paint! What __________ you __________?

    a) have _____ done

    b) were _____ doing

    c) did _____ do

    d) have _____ been doing

    8. Shes gone to the doctor's. She ______________ too well lately.

    a) hasn't felt

    b) hasn't been feeling

    c) has felt

    d) doesn't feel

    9. Where have you been? I____________ for ages.

    a) have waited

    b) waited

    c) was waiting

    d) have been waiting

    10. I have to write an essay. I__________ about half of it so far.

    a) have written

    b) have been writing

    c) wrote

    d) have to write

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    Gramtica de Ingls: Simple Present and Past, verbo to be

    Complete as frases com is/are ou was/were.

    Today the weather great, but last week it awful.

    Tony and I so hungry last night!

    Where she last night?

    - Mike and Tom in town?

    - I don't think so. I called them several times this week, but nobody home.

    Sonia 23 last year, so now she 24.

    - Where your brothers?

    - I don't know. They in the pool fifteen minutes ago.

    These shirts so expensive! The ones I saw last week cheaper.

    Mike at the club this morning. Right now he in school.

    Tina, Arthur and Jake in Paris today. Just yesterday they in Berlin.

    - Oh! This tomato rotten!

    - Really? It good yesterday.

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    Complete as frases com was/were ou wasn't/weren't.

    - you at the party last night?

    - No, I sick.

    The weather was great, but the hotel . It too far from the city.

    Where Jack and Mike last night?

    I think Jack was home, but Mike out.

    The stores open yesterday because it was a holiday.

    Last week we had lunch at the new restaurant. The service good, but the food was excellent.

    - Who at the door? it Sarah?

    - No, it Sarah, it her brother.

    - Tammy and Joanna on time for the meeting this morning.

    - Yes, that's because the traffic really awful.

    Melissa's hair short last year. It's so long now!

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    Complete as frases com os verbos entre parnteses no passado.

    I (spend) a lot of money last week, so this weeked I didn't go out: I (stay) home all the

    time.

    We (drive) all the way to So Paulo last Saturday. When we (get) there we

    (vis friends and thenit) some (go) g.shoppin

    Somebody (steal) my bike yesterday, so this morning I (take) the bus to school.

    I (hear) what you (say), but I think you're wrong.

    We (eat) at our friends' house yesterday. Later, we all (help) them with the cleaning.

    Last time I (fly) to Los Angeles, I (sit) beside a famous artist and we (talk) for

    hours.

    - I (send) you an e-mail this morning. Did you receive it?

    - I (get) it. I (write) you an answer about ten minutes ago.

    When I (leave) to school this morning, I (forget) to shut the front door, so when

    I (come) home it (be) open.