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CS22SI Original bibliography t AI Quel Syllabus.head iSyllebu* for Qual l fylng Exam!.head iMechanlcs of the Examination!,he*d IDlmenslorijSl.head {Basic Approaches!.head i Problem domains!.head I Technical Tools!.head I Relation to other areas of study!.head I Impl i cat Ions!.head I Superst ructure (history and politics of the field) |.head |Re§dlng*l.heed (References!"McCarthy* J,* (ADVICE-TAKER! "Prbgram* With Common Sen*e

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10.14 TUE 14 OCT 75 Page 2 «AVRON>BIBLIQf, AI; 1C5225! Original bibliography t Al Qua) Syllabus

ThU file 1* Ed's original bibliography for CQ225, plus the complete

.*«■*. - " . syllabus fromth* Al Quel given in Spring* 1975.CS 225 participants may want to notice!

(1) the organisation used,(2) the eddj Lionel "generel* AI books referenced*(3) when writing a Particular article* a few detailed references should....... be found

or pointed to somewhere on the syllebus.— Doug Lenat

Intelligence"Marvin Mjnsky and Seymour Papert

*0n Machine IntelligenceDonald Michie*gxplbratibn* In Cognition"Donald A, Norman and David E, Rumelhart"♦Perspectives on the Computer Revolution"2enbn W. Pylyahyn

"The Science* of the Artificial"Herbert A. Simon

Recognition* learning* & Thought"Leonard Uhr

*Knbw ledge and Cognition"Lee W. Gregg

*A Computer Mbdel of Skill Acquisition*Gerald Jay Suesman

"*Human Associative Memory*John R, Anderson and Gordon U, Bower*Yjsua! Information Processing"William C. Chase* editor

tb Artificial Intelligence"Phi lip C. Jackson

*Artl f leial Intel l igenceEarl B, Hunt*frbbipm«sbiv,lng Methods in Artificial Intel I Igence*'Nils J. Ni isson*£bmput*r Models bf Thought and language"Roger C. Schank and Kenneth Mark Colby* editors''internet ibnal Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Iotl4 TUE 14 OCT 75 <AVRON>BIBUO',AI?IPage 2,1

Proceedings"* first through fourth

SIGART Newsletters* continuingm *thebreti«?ej issues In Natural Language Processing"An Interdisciplinary Wbrkshbp^in Computational Linguistics!psychology* Linguistics* Artificial Intelligence* 6/10*. 13/75Cambridge* Massachusetts

Classification and Scene Analysis"Richard 0. Ouda and Peter E, Hart

"Thebreticel Approaches to Non-Numerical Problem Solving"R, BAnerll and M,P, Meserovic* editors*liuman Problem Solving"

4 .Allen Newell and Herbert A, SimonIntelligence Progress Report

Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert

Paranoia"Kenneth Mark Cbtby

*A Psychology, bf Computer Vision"Patrick Winston

*NeW Progress, In Artificial IntelligencePatrick Winston* editor" Intel I igenee-197'1 IFIP LectureNils Nlltsbn

Intelligence! What is It Where is It golng*2*Edward Feigenbaum

Intelligence Journal" continuing

*Artificia! Intelligence"James S) agle

and Thought VEdward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman

"Machine intelligence Series* I-VU"Laboratory Series of Reports" continuing

"Stanford Universlty-Ai Laboratory Series of Reports" cbntlnuing

*Cfernegje-<Met lon University Computer Science SErlea of Reportscontinuing

Laboratory Series of Reports" continuing" '"Semantic Information ProcessingMarvin M(nsky» editorCOMMENT *20* VALID 00014 PAGESC REC PAGE DESCRIPTION

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*AVRQN!»BIBLIO,AI;iPage 2.2

,re*iui re "dbc,hd (al*tw) " sburce*3oXf lle.head (Syllabus for Quel I fylng Exam!"head IMechanlcs of the Examinatibn!ahead I Dimensions!.head I Basic Approaches!.head (Problem domain* l"head j technical Tool*!.head |Rei

4etlon to other areaa bf study!.head llmpllections!I Impl lections!.head I Superstructure (history and politics of the field)!.head j ßeadings I.head (References!"McCarthy* J,* (ADVICE-TAKER! "Prbgrams With Cbmmbn Sense"*

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,head ISyj labus for Dual i lying Exam!In Artificial Intelligencem Department pf Computer ScienceStanford UniversitySpring 1975

The syHabu* this year. Is org§nli*d to present a Picturf of th*range bf knowledge expected of Ph.D. candidates In Art I flclal t

Intel ilgence* rather than^speci fylng a fixed list of readings,there are a number pf different dimensions along which we coulddivide up t£»e material. Rather then choosing one, we have Includedthem all* with a good deal ol overlap. Hopefully the set of referencesincluded with each Item will make it possible for each studenttp se|ect a reasonable number of reeding* which _ . ,will f l |l^ his _br her knpwledge geps<» The reading list Is Intendedas a. source of details on individual references* nv\ as. a hecpssaryset^bf thingeto read,, If ine ludea^e rough indication of whpt sortof understanding Is most Important, for each reference y** whether thereis a general perspective* one or more specific concepts* andfar a bodyof detail with which students ar"» expected to be fluent, Theseifjdicat ipns

4«re of course based on the prejudices and peculiarities

of the, committee making up the syllabus* end should not be takenaft representing the views of anyone else (Including^ the membersof Individual

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**am committees). Use your judgement.

Please fend any comments or suggestions on the syllabus tbTerry Win'qgrad at the Stanford AI Lab, (TWesAIL 1 f you' f* bn*-l Ine),We ere hbplng^tb get lots of feedback* and begin building towarda syli.abus wh|ch really describes what there Is to know (and what1* Important tb know! about Al* tb be built on year after veer t"

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" fjead IMechenlcs bf the Examination!,fl I1 7 Indent ,s*oThe examination will be an Individually-scheduled opal* bpfbro acommittee consisting pf three members*, chbsen from the faculty*edjyppt faculty, senior research staff t and possibly appropriatesenjpr refeerchefs. from AI facilities In the araa like SRI and XeroxPARC, Each committee will include at leest one faculty member and atleast one person in a potential araa of specialisation of thecandidate. The candidate can request a particular person In his orh§r erea# but the Qual committee has final choice of examiningcommittees.At leasttfcree wpek* befpre a .student's e*am,inat Ipn* he or aha wj 1 1 be gl yen el therj(Da problem to be worked on an bpen-bbbk basis; or (If)a research Paper pn which he or she will write a critique.the resyl ts, are to bahanded in. to the qual committee (Pbug Lenat or Terry Winograd)np later than one week before the exam. The member* bf the individual examcommittee wi 1 i be given copies of the solution or paper* and the first■ * « ■, - -

■

. . sectionp| the exam (up to an. hour) will center around iaaues raised by thework done. The rest of the exam will be on anyquestion* the examiners consider appropriate.

t^S.PVfPoae of the exam i* to demonstrate that the student hes donesufficient reading and thinking to fithls or her individual researchinto a perspective of other work In AI, This includes detailedknowledge of some other existing work* both, in the sub«»aree In whichthe student intends to do^research* and in other sub-areas. Thec?s3jttee should, be satisfied thet th* student already has asufficient grasp of both the general Issues and of <* reasonableamount of, technical details The exem la not Intended a* a dpylce todecldp who will end w|]| no| be able to continue in the program* butrather a way of focussing effort on a comprehen*! ve study of Al* and a way...... .... -.._,.'' bfproviding students, with specific diagnostic* for gaps In theirknowjedge or understanding, The possible outcome* of the exam ere!« begin indent

#5* 10*5

Pas* unconditionally! The student has a satisfactory knowledge of all;areas

Ppss ponditiopat )ys The student has abme lack* which can be made upby directed work* such as the completion bf specific course(s) orspecific, research Projec.t(s), The committee will *et both the scopeo| the work and a. time period in which It must be completed In orderfor the examination to count as Passed,

Continuation bf the^examlnat ibnt The student has a lack which demand*a moderate empiint of further study in one or more areas* .and. .a secondoral examination (with the same committee) will be scheduled withinthe next quarter.

Peferf The student has significant gaps in knowledge which cannot bemede up, by limited correctives. Candidate Is required tb tak* theefcem another time it Is offered, under whatever system f* In effectthen,

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.head IPimenslbnsl»._ - _

* t . 1

-_. *5

*AVRON>BtBLIO',AIyi

There, are c number bf different Perspectives we might take onthe work in Al* each emphasijlng different concePtsand differentmaterial. We. have chosen the following ones es an outline forthe reading 1 i stf" subsgbhead I Basic Approaches!" subsubhead I Problem domains!, subsubhead I Technical Tools!"subsubhead ißelatlpn tb other areas of study!

" subsubhead I Practical applications and Implications!"subsubhead (Superstructure (history and politics of the field)!

the Pointers given fbr each tbpfc are not Intended to repreaent theprjly or, most *uthbratat jvc sources, Thpy serve a* a good lnl§lelpjece to get an understanding of |h* topic* and, other references ,are mentioned with them in the reference H*t for further reading,

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" head I Basle Approaches!"nbfiil

(Mineky STEPS! (Feigenbaum IFIP! [Nil*»bn"subsubhead !Weak Methods! OVERVIEW!

(Newell ILL!Search Spaces (Nilsson All

And-of graphsGame treesHeuristic SearchProblem Space (Newel! & B*|mbn HPBI... GPS (Newell* Shaw* & Simon* GPS!

General Prbbt*m«»3blving Technique*(Wlcke.lgren SOLVING! (Polye<*lt>! (Newell

"subsubhead (Formal Logic! In 3CHANK&COLBY3

Act.lons and the frame Problem (McCarthy &Theorem Proving (Green TP!

Hayes PHILOSOPHICAL!Resolution l

" subsubhead ! Programming ItNlisson AI!

Knowledge-based systemsProcedural Embedding

" subsubhead ! Representet ion I

(Minsky & Papert PROGRESS! t (Winston MIT74]fHewitt APPRENTICE!

Baslcjssue* (Amarel ACTIONS!Predicate Calculus , (McCarthy & Hayes PHILOSOPHICAL)Networks , (Quillian SEMANTIC MEMORY!Conceptual Dependency (Schank In S&C]

, Frames , (Minsky FRAMES!Subsubhead (Cybernetics - Adaptive Systems!

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10jl4 TUE 14 OCT 75 <AVRQN)>B!BUOUI;iPage 7"head (Problem domains!, subsubhead (Game Haying!

General (Nilsson Al! [Slagle Al!Checkers (Samuel In C&T!Chess . (Greenblatt FJCC) (Berliner 3.IJCAIJ

■subsubhead ICommon»**n*e Reasoning!

Heuristics (McCarthy ADVICE-TAKER!Planning (Flkes*Hart*Nl l**bn STRIPS! (Saccrdbt l... ABSTRIPS3.subsubhead iMathemat leal theorem proving!

(Bled*©* MAN-MACHINE! (Guard SAM)

" subsubhead I Natural Language Itariff wbrj.

(Simmons SURVEY 1965! (Simmons SURVEY 19701 (Minsky SIP (browse)!(Weizenbaum ELIZA!

Cum

A jSt at

(Wopds ATN! (Winograd In B&CJSemantic theories

(Schank In S&C] (Schank et, a), MAKGIE3 (Slmmmons In S&C](Winograd in 8&C1 (Winograd FIVE!Stories and Belief(Charnlak in Mlf74J (McDermbtt In MH74J (Abelson and Schank... ...' ' 4IJCAI!

Translation. (Wllk* in s&clSpeech understanding

(Reddy In. lEEE! IWobd* In lEEE! (Walker In lEEE! (Newel! SPEECH!"subsubhead (Vision!

Pattern Recognition Uel fridge and Nelsser In C&T! (Hunt AI!Perceptrop* (Hunt AI!Signal ProcessingScene Analysis tAgln and Blnfbrd CURVED! (Yaklmovsky & Feldman AIJ!

. . t , IWaltft.in M1T741"subsubhead iPhysical manipulation!

HancJ* (Finkel et, al, AL! (Stanford Robotics fllm*JMpbilitv" subsubhead I Automatic Programming!

(Buchanan and Luckham AUTOMATING! (Suaemen and Ggldateln In M1T743(WeTdlnger&Manne! (Plbvd INTERACTIVE! (Green & * **bm*l>3fk-next .page ......"subsubhead (Expert Systems!

Mathpmatics (Martin and Fatemen MACSYMA!Chemistry (Feigenbaum et, al, DfNPRAL!Medicine JShprtllffe MYCIN)

.subsubhead (Music and Art I

„ (Glps AESTHETICS! (Mobrpr MUSIC!"subsubhead (Learning and Inductive Inference!

(SUssman In M1T741 (Goldstein in MH743 (Buchanan et'.eT,THEORY-FORMATJON3 (wfnstbn in MIT74! (Fikes et ,aI,GENERALIZED)

"subsubhead (Psychological Models!

10tl5 TUE 14 OCT f5 Page 7.1 *AVR0N>BIBLI0;AI, 1Information Proceeding Psychology

(Newell and Simon UPS (Section* 1 and 5 especially))Verbal Behavior(Feldenbeum EPAM] (Anderson & Bower HAM (chapters 4 end 7)3Peranpie (Colby in Schank & CblbvlIntelligence feats (Evans ANALOGY]

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" head I Technical Tools!"subsubhead IFormal Logic!

Formal Logic B Manna MTCJ,Reeolutibn (NUsson All or (Hunt AJ]

■*■ - _ _■_»-'*

-,

_

■

" subsubhead I Automata Theory I

Perceptrons (Hunt At! extra detail In (Minsky & Papert PERCEPTRONS!Formal Languages and Machines (Minsky COMPUTATION] (Manna MTC3

.subsubhead 1 Programming Languages!

List Processing — LISPString Processing — SNQBOLAssociative mechanism* — LEAP/SAILActive data structures — SIMULA/QMALLTAIK/ACTORBPattern Matching (Bbbrbw & Raphael]D^te Structure* tKnuth Vol.ilPLANNER* CONNIVER* QA4, etc# (McDermott & Suesmen In MIT74].Production Systems (Newel I PRODUCTION!,begin fill . .

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. ,Tfje candidate is expected to be fami I far enough with some AI language <e#g,LISP or SAIL) to demonstrate the ability to write simple programs, H« or

sheshould also know enough about the features of the more specie. I Xed

languages(CONNJVFR* 9A4* the LEAP and multiple proce** features in J»A}L> to* discusstrjte.Mnds bt problems, for which they are useful, and the limitations theyforce the programmer Into,

w lt Is not necessaryto know s'/ntac.ic details of these features,

"subsubhead (Search!

(Nilsson AllCombinatorial if suesMinimax.-^ alpha-betaHeuristic search strategiesH| i'l ClimbingMeanf*end An,aly«l* .

■

-„ ■__ «Pruning f- plausible mo^e generation -«? horiaon effects (Berliner!Use of mbdels (Gelernter GEOMETRY!

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Ioils TUE 14 OCT 75 Pp«* 9 «AVRON^BIBEIo;AIM"head (Reletibn tb other areas ol study!.begin fifl , _ / "

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- . . . ,This section is an unfinished Part of^what the svl l ebos should Include,We wouM _..> aratefui fop suggestions for specific references, fortjje,Purposes *p? thecurrent exam* this list should, be taken at a setof i»auea about which students should have spent some time thinking,For esch dree* consider (1) lessons from that araa which influence AI

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. - _.■ . .. « - . , -

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research;il\) sctUfl Impact of AI on that field today* (Hi) possible futureeffects of A|_on the.development of that field." end

"subsubhead ! Mathematics!LP«|c. ....<..Computational Complexity

"subsubhead (Psychology!

Irj forget ion processing psychologyStructural ePjstemoibgy (Piaget)

" subsubhead I Linguistics I

The nature of rulesMethodology

"subsubhead |B|oibuy|

NeurosclencesEthblbgy . ."subsubhead (Philosophy!

Mjnd-bbdy Problem ,Limitations on machines and"subsubhead (Computer Science)

minds

Programming languagesControl issuesHardwareData structures

I0»t5 TUE 14 OCT 75

"head (implications!

<AVRONJ»BIBLIO',AIMPage 10

(3JGCA3. publications!"subsubhead iPhi ibsophlcal l

(Tyring TEST! (Dreyfus CAN'T! (Papert, DREYFUS!(McCarthy and Hayes! (The Rock Test* others in Anderson HINDS]

" subsubhead (Political I(Welner HUMAN]

"subsubhead (Practice) l

Automat ion

_■„.

Other ..business sppl I cat lon*Application* In the home

" subsubhead I Long-range I

Science fiction and Popular mlscbncept ibns(Firschein & Coles iJCAt? survey!

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10J15 TUE 14 OCT 75 Page 11 *AVRQN>BIBLIO l,A*,' _jheed (Superstructure (history and politics of the field)!"begjn fill ,A crit jcai Part of being able tb do and evaluate research in " fieldja heaving some Perspective on whet thing* have been dbn* and j*hy

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in Psr,tjculer* wh^tjesaons have been learned ami how can theybe applied, to keep from repeating mistakes, In addition* studentsneed to know where and how things are published In the nelsj ifthey hope to keep up with current work. This sectipn Is Includedpartly as a lulde* Partiy^a* a reminder that thf* kfnd of understandingIs At least. aq necessary for a complete understanding ofthe ideas of |he field as ispurely technical background."and ." Subsubhead Mil story I

CyberneticsOyeroptimism (e,g« expectation* for self organising systems?.^

_ translation)(Fefaenbeum and Feldman C&T!(Simmons? Language Surveys* 1965* 1970](Ml o*k.y STEPS! (Minsky M*H,&MIPerceptrons and, rjeural netsKnow magnitude of gains in speed and memory sl?e over this time

.-*...- span,"subsubhead !Maln centers and figures!"subsubhead (Fundjngl"subsubhead (Publications end Conferences!

Journal of A{SIGARTSIGCASMachine Intel J igenceIJCA I ,proceedi ngs ,CACM (computer science* spme AI)J.ACM .science*, some AI)Cognitive Psychology (sbme AI)American Journal g? Computational Llngul stl^s (some At)Special interest conferences? cybernetics* natural language*

robotics

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10*15 TUE 14 OCT 75 «AVRQN»BIBLIOUIMPage 12

"head (Reading.* l, |ubhead (Explanations!,filljln.dent 5*9 , ,fhfe following, 1 1st is NOT, a list of rfquired readings^ butouiU* to interestlngi aval labia material s in eaph eubfleld,Some of the papers are not yet published but will be medeavailable.A simple annotation system has been used to give some feeling for thelevgl and importance (measured Jdlbayncret isa! ly by the syllabuspreparers), of each paper. The level Is Indicated as;"begin nof l f I f indent 8

ESS: An essay giving general, perspective and discussion of basic IssuesSURV. A survey of research work in some areaSUHJ A sgrnmary at a nbn* derailed level of a specific piece bf researchPR* A detai led research reportTEITI A textbook»anti

the importance is hesed on whether the paper Is importsnt forUnderstanding a general Perspective. (P)«

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whether if has one orwore specific Important ideas (Df er whether H fives a set ofdetfll.s over which studenfs are expfcted to have fluent command (D)',We, repeatf these are opinions* hastily arrival at!If * reference is. fol lowed by neither an "I"* a "P"f or a "D"* then thatIndicates it Is not basic for en understanding of A|,An Al grad student should nevertheless have looked at %e*bwe%* of this type_ . . 'ofmaterial* In at least a few subflelds of AI,

In §ddit ipn*^we have^merked with a *"" a subset of t:he par»er*# which canbe thought: bf,as §n Initial reading list i-^ they represent many of themost Importent wbrk** and provide a basic background.

Many of , the, references ba\o* pjolnt tb more specialized sources fbr thbaehighly interested? for completeness* all these specialised references are'■>.**, ■' _" .'■ iJitada«tain* separately* below. So don't be Put off by the apparent amount ofreading involved; hopefully eecf. student will have only a few gaps*

and, i | w||| be Possible tb glance over the outline,choosing to r*ta<i inthbsf araa* where th* reference*pointed to ere not familiar.

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10|15 TUE 14 OCT 75 *AVRON^BIBLIO',AI?iPage 13( References I

,fiM; indent o*3Abejsgn* Robert* and Roger Schank*Script*, Plens* .end Knowledge* to appear in Xe4IJCAf tX*This* like many obscure references below* will be made avallebl** bnreserve* at the AI Lab.(SUM* )

"Agin* G. and, Binford* f». (1973) Computer Description pf CurvedObjects. %efhird Infernatbnal Joint Conference on ArtificialIntelligence, Advanced Papers%**PP 6_?9-e4O.(SUM, lithe basic representation)

Allen, J, & D. Luekham, ■ AN INTERACTIVE THEOREM PROVING PROGRAM"XeMachine Intel ligence %%** Edinburgh University Press* 1970* pp321«*336'.(SUM, SURV)

e^mjrel* Saul (196«) On Representation* of Problem* of Reasoning AboutActions* In %eMachine Intel I laence 3%** pp. 131-171 (eds Melt*er andMichie)* NfW torks Awerican_El«pvjer Publ lahing. Company,(OR*P* I Jef feet* of change of rapr', en problem

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solubility* )

♦Anderspp* J. R.* and Bower* G# H,* Xeliumen Associative Mewory%*# V,H, Winston end Sons/ Washington* D.C.* 1973. Especial 1 y Chapters 4, 5, & 7.(SURV & PR,P)

Anderson, (ed)f %eMinds and Machines*** Contemporary Perspectives InPhilosophy Series* Front lce-H|H * Ine* N.J., 1964,.Col lect ion of essays, each of which is rated at least. (ESS* ))

Arbib* Michael A,*J!eThe Metaphorical Brain* An Introduction tbCybernetics as Art i flcial. Intel Hgence and Brain theory***W}|ey»lntersclence* New York* New York* 1972* x i l + 243 pages*(SURV* )

tiarjerll. R.B.* and Mesepovlc* M.D.* editors* %eThebretfcalApproaches to Non-numerical Problem Sblvfny%** Sprlnger^Varla®* NewYork* New York* 1970, (TEXT* ).

"Berliner* Hans* Some Necessary Conditions for a Master Chesa Program*%e3rd UCAJ%*, 1973* pp. 77*85,<SQM*i)

fPlfdsoe* W.W #, and^Bruell (1974) A Man«M*c hine Thebrem*Prbytng

System* XaJournal of All.** 5, 1974* pp 51-72.(BUM*P)

Bobrow* Dan* and Co! 1 inf * Allan* editors* Xeßepresentatlgn andUndff*tanding%ft Academic Praaa ( Inc.* New York* New York. 1975(c collection of pepers mentioned individually* each SUM* J)

"Bobrow apd Raphael* (1973) N«w Programming Language* for AJ Research**t£ROX Report CSL-73-i.* August 20* 197!., Al»b found in Computing Surveys*

UUR«. i) . .»**. i?«;

"Buchanan* 8,, Feigenbaum* and Sridharan (197_f) Heufietlc Theory Fbrmatlon*?eMachlne Intelligence 7%*s pp # 267-280 (the appendix may be omitted)*,(SUM* I Jchooslno proper domain Is important)

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10.15 TUE 14 OCT 75 Page 13.1 iAVRQN^BIBLIo', Al| 1

Bychanan, Jack (1974) A Study in Automatic Programming* SAIL MemoAIM-_?45, STAN-CS**74-4SB* May* 1974.CDR»)

"Buchanan* J, and David C. Luckham* "On Automating the Construct lon of„ Programs"

AIM-236, CS-433* AP784513/4WC* 65 pages* M«y 1974, Highly technical* Justskim',(DR*P)

Chandrasekheran and Reeker (1974) All A Case for Agr}o»t idem* In *eI£EETransactions on Systems* Man* and Cybernetic***? January* |974, pp.88.-94',(ESS*P)

Chang* Chin-Liang* and Lee* Richard Cher*Tuny* XeSymbdl lc, Logic andMechanical Theorem Proving*** AcademicPre*** Inc.* N*w York* t

N*wyork* 1973* 346 pages* $19.00, Mbre detail than is required*.(TEXT)

Chase* W.G.* editor* XeVisual Information Processing*** AcademicPress* Inc.* New York* New Yorkf 1973,"(Collection, each of which Is at least (SUM* )? some ere singled but

elsewhere,)

"Colby* Kenneth Mark* simulations of belief *y*tem«* In Schank arid Colby(cd*,). Also

s recent book* XeArtlficlal Paranoia%*t1975, . . .fhe art jcje in Schank and Colbyis sufficient, . , : ,(SUM,DH, lilt's easier to simulate a rigid personality than a normal one)

Coles* Steve* and Fikes.* Rich* ed]tor»* *e§|GART Newsletter***Special Interest Group bn Artificial Intelligence (SIGART)fAssociation for Comput lng Machinery* New York, New Ybrk* bimppthly(since 19fj7)* 50 pages (approximate)* StO.OO per year (free tomembers of SIGART),(SURV/SUM, )

"Perllngtbn and Burstall (1973) A System Which Automat icetly ImprovesProgram** %eSpd IJCAI*** PP, 479-485,(SUM* Uencbdlng knowledge into schemata rewriting rules)

piikstra* DahT* and Hoere* *eBtrtictured Prbgremmlng**

Drevfua* Hubert, Alchemy and Artificial Intelligence', copies will be'available',

(ESS* P)

"Dreyfus* Hubert* XeWhat Computers Can't Do*** Harper and Row* 1972',CESS*P)

Duda# R,* and Hart* P.* XePattern Clastl flcatlon and SceneAnalysis**, John Wijey end Sons* New York, New Ypr k, 1973,Much more detail than Is required* emphesls is not AI,(PRsTEXT)

Ernst* Geprge W,, arjd Newel |* Allen* XeGPS. A Case Stt_dy InGenerality end Problem Solving*** Academic Press* New York* New

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10.15 TUE 14 OCT 75 #_AVRqN>BiBLIO;AI, 1Page 13,2

York* 1969, x, ♦ 297 pages* $16,50 ($13, 20 to members of theAssociation for Computing Machinery), Not central, but many good Idea* areInside',

(PR* )

"Eyanss ANALOGY, found in (Minsky SIP). Tor related work* see EKltng. . .... 4 , ANALOGY!',

(SUM* Upower of uaina even a crude version of a single simple heuriitlt.)

"Talk* C, (197«?) In|erpretet Ibn of Imperfect Line Data fs aThree-dimensional Scene! in The XeArtlficlal Intelligence .Journal**(Summer, 197^) V01, .3* pps 101*144,(SUM* l.gobd when nature falls Into a few tens of categories* *b task 1*

.

. hard butdoable,)

"Feigenbaum* E,. EPAM? found In *eComputer* end Thought** (F* lgenebaum*..,..-.. . cdi tor)

(SUM, P general idea of psychological modelling)

"Feigenbaum* E. et al U971) [PENDRALI On General ity and Problem Solving! ACase

Study .Using The DENDRAL Program, (eds Meltier and Michie) *eMachlneIntelligence 6*** pp |65-|9O,(SUM* iiA uaeful application* Choose domain carefully)

(C&T! Feigenbaum* Edward A,* and Feldman* Julian* editors* *eCbmPuter* andfhbuwht*** McGraw-HIH Oobk Company* New York, New York* 1963* xlv t?35 pages.* $8.75. Old worth reading,(Collection* each of which Is at least (SUM* ), Some singled but

elsewhere, )

Feldman, Plngle/ Binford* , fel k* Kay* Paul* Sproull* Tenenbaum, U971)The Use of Vision and Manipulation tb Solve the Instant InsanityPu_.*lo; in Xetfnd UCAIX*,(SUM, )

"Fikes* R, E,,es al (197*.) Learning and Executing Generalised RobotPlan*. XeArtlficlal Intelligence*** Vol , 3 (Winter ,1972)*,(SUM, i.Trtlengle tables; handling of Frame problem, plans. Pi Triangle

tables)

Flndler, N.V., and Meluer* B,* editor** XeArtlficlal Intelligenceer^d^Heuri*tic Programming*** Edinburgh University Press* £«ilnburgh#Scotland,., t?7lr: ,T ♦. T pages* $15,00,(SUM* a collection of papers)

Hnbll Rj,* Russel Taylor* Robert Belles* Richard Paul, Jerome Fe|dmen#"AL* A Programming System for Autbmet ion** AlM*»i_43, CS*4s6* 130 pages*

November |974 (s

(PR* )

"Firschein* o,* and Coles* S, (\*7s) Forecaetlng and Assessing theimpact of Ar.ttfjc.ai Intel Hgence on Society, *e*rd IJCAI**? 105*420(SUM* Questlbnaire results* Look this over* at least,)

"Fjoyd* R. W. (1971) Toward Interactive Peelgn of Correct Program**|eIF|P 71**, (cd,* C\V. Freeman^* Vbjume 1# .pp.. ?«le»CE3SI An extended example. Brief* but contain* an idea I! Autb,Pgmmlng viadialogue!!

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10.16 TUE 14 OCT 75 Page 13,3 *AVRQN>BIBtIoUI»IFogeljt.awrpl.se J.^Owens* A|yin J,* and Walsh* Mj cha*l J,*

Intelligence through a Simulation of Evolution*** Johnwl If y and Son^r New Vsrk* New York* 1966, Juat glance <>Mar this andnotice what Its significance is,(PR* P.title of the book)

"Gelernter. GEOMETRY,, Found in (CUT),(SUM, liuse of analogic models)

Gips, J, Shape grammars and their uses* AI memo 231* last third Is onaesthetics, will soon be published by Ulrkhauser Verleg* Bas'ej......

■ ■

, , < ■■..-, Switzerland;(PR* Upicture grammar* aesthetics related to simplicity)

"Goldman* Nell* Sentence Paraphrasing from a Conceptual Base* XeCACMX*,1812

February, l97s, pp], 96-107 8 , .(SUM* ii integration -of decision tree control with cbnceptuel dependency).

Goldstein, Irat Understanding Simple Picture programs* see summaryjn (M|t 19741 ;._(SUM* It use of models In debugging)

aSufrd* J.R.* et al. (1969) Seml«»Autbmated Mathematics* *eJACM** 16*January, 1969* pp, 49*62,(SUM, D.A new result In Math has been establ i shed by a computer Program!

SAM's LEMMA)

"Green, C. C. (1969) (TP) The Application of Theorem Proving to QA Systems*Stanford technical Report CS !3§* SAIL Memo AI-»96,(PR* llut« of Resolution to write programs)

Greens C.C., and Barstbw, P.* A Hypothetical Dialogue Exhibiting a ..Knowledge

Base for a Prbgrem-Undepst ending System* At Memb 2 l>B* J^nuaryi *975,(ESS? An extended example* )

"freen, Wald.inger* Berstow* £lsshlager* Lenat* McCUne.* Shaw, and 3telnbepg#Progress Report on Program-Understanding Systems* Memo AlM<*24o,CS Report STAN-sCS-74-444* Artificial Intelligence Laboratory*

tvStanford University* August* ,1974, Nontechnical report* lust lodk U ever,(SUM* n various approaches tb program specification)

"Greenblatt* R.B.* D, Eastlake and 8, Crocker* Ths Greenblett Chess Program*ePrbceedlng*„bf the 1967 Joint Computer conference*** 30.801.f810, 1967,(SUM, l:u«e of a variety of game p I eying techniques.

Hart* Peter E.* Progress of a Computer Based Cbnauttant* AI GroupTechnical

Not.* ?9j SRI p^pject 3805* January* 1975. This Is a_general| fpeM"»if.arvreport of c proposed system which integrates Ideas frbm severe) AI domains,(SUM* )

"Hewitt* Carl and Brian Smith* Towards(cofies aval labia) "(SUM, J: Ac tors)

Programming Apprentice* In

"Hunt* Earl 8., .."Artificial Intel I igence*** Academic Press* Ine,*f w York, New Yprk* „ 197?*. ? t 478 p*gp* r $29,00,

(TEXT, Dtgbbd coverage of pattern recog, and perception*)

10U6 TUE 14 OCT 75 Page 13,4 cAVRONJsBIBLIO^AIf 1

"

Jackspn* Philip C,* Jr.* ?elntroductibn to ArtificialInteiilgenceX*, Petrocelli »ooks*

t

New York* New Yprk* 1974* xylll t453 Paget* $17.50. Elementary, if you feel lost in some *übfl*|df consultUrxt* ) tM "'m"Kling* Rpbert L.* A Paradigm for Reasoning by Analogy*XeArtificjel Intelligence 2**, 1971* pp f 147-178,(SUM, irsimllar to Evens' idea* nut analysed further,)Lenat* Doug, BEINGS... current paper to be made aval labia',(OR* Übeings)

"Victor lesserI esser* i ßlchard Fennel 1* Lee Erman end P, RaJ Reddy* Organisationof the Hearsay II Speech Underetanding System* XeIEEE Symposium Oh SpeechRecognition**, Computer, Science, Pept.* Carnegie Mellon Univ',* 1974.(SUM* I.modular system organ! *t Ion)

"llighth.ll* Sir J.* and Sutherland* Needham* Lbnguet*Higglna* andMjchie (1973J AI? A Paper Symposium? by the British Science ResearchCpuncil, April* 1973, A prg/con AT debate;fry to see the McCarthy* MJchje vs. L.obth.Yt debate on vldebCapV.CESS# P# a general survey giving llghthl 1 1 'a view on AI, '4a* McCarthy's

response)

Lln<rsay_ Peter H.» and Norman* Donald A,* *eHuman InformationProcessing; An Introduction to Psychology*** Academic Press* Inc.*New York* N*w York* 1972* xxyjij ♦ 737 pages* $?,??'.(TEXT* P a comprehensive elementary introduction tb cognitive psychology" *)■-.-.<...'. fromview congenial to Al),

LpWf James R.* Automatic Coding. Choice of Data Structures*SAIL At M#mb AIM-242* August* 1974, Long but some new ideas Inside.(PR* )

Manna* Zohar**eMathemat leal Theory of Computation**,(.Newell Ail suffice*,(TEXT* 1/1). Read some book or article tb gain f ami I far Ity with Prop and

Pred Cale)

"Martin and Feteman (1971? The MACSYMA System* In CS, Patrick* #<*',)*e2nd Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation**, NYi ACM iUGSAM',4p 59*75, , . ( . ;#j.

%, m ..■''' '■'

(3UM,|j application of AI techniques to a specific domain area)

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10.16 TUE 14 OCT 75 «AVRON>BIBt,IO;AI|iPage 14"McCarthy, J., (ADVICE-TAKER) "Prbgrems With Common Sen***.Sfanford ftl Memo AIM-f,, AP785044* 7_p*ge»f September 1963.for details* also look at also the fol lowing memo!(ESS* I: what we need is*.,,)

McCarthy* J4

,*

"Situations* Actions* and Causal Laws"* Stanford AI Memo. _. . 2* July 1963',

(ESS/PR! ii'You can formal He these notions)

"McCarthy*.. J. .and Hayes* P. (J969) Some Philosophical Problem* fromthe Standpoint of Ai, XeMachine Intelligence 4** (eds Meltfer andMichie) pp. 463^502;. Edinburgh University Press.(ESS/PR* T/P. More of the same as the last reeding. Further developed,)"McCarthy* John, Review o? Llahthlll debete* AI Journal* will be nadaavailable in FS library,_ESS*P)

XgMechani nation of Thought Processes**! Iter Majesty's StationeryOffice* 1958. Contains early McCarthy papers,

Meltzer* Bernard*, and Michie* Donald* editors* XeMachineIntelligence*** vbfum«g 1-6, American ElspylerPublishing Company* New York* New Ybrk# volumes 7*** Helsteadffejf.sj New York* New York* annually (since 1967)* x f 525 pagaa ,(Approximate)^ $30,00. Needjess to aavt don't stddy every article',

of articles* each at leest (SUM, )),

Hetti.fr* Bernard* and Raphael* Bertram* editors* XeArtlficlalIotf I llgencei An International Journal*** North*Hpi land PublishingCompany* Amsterdam* The Netherlands* quarterly (since 1970)* x f 75pages (*pprbxj,m*te)e 9* Par faar*(Collection of articles* each at leest (SUM* )),

Michie* Donald* XeOn Machine Intelligence*** John wlley and Sbns*NeW York* New York* 1974* xil + 199 paOes*(SURf* P)

Mln*ly* Marvin* XeCbmputet lbnl Finite and Infinite MachlneeX* PrenticeHfll, 1968.Npt in AI but ybu ahoujd know at leest this much anyway, , t J ..,(TEXT* I/P. Know at least this much about the theory bf computation)

"Minsky, M. FRAMES! found Irv M.netbn«< ed,» (MIT74J"(SUM* UFrames)

fMinsky* M. (MMM) Mjnds* Mede.ls* and Machines; found In (Minsky SIP]CESS* Pi makes explicit many of the underlying notions pf AI models)

MJQafey* Marvin* editor* (SIP! *eBe»antlc Information Proce*»lna**# ( TheMIT tWss* Cambridge* Ma**achu*ett*# J968, vill f 440 pagee* $15,00,(Collection bf MIT net 1 . lang, dissertation** all at least CSUM/PR* ))

MJn*kv* St*Pe. tb Al, found in (Minsky, SIP!(SURV, worth reading tb get a flavor of the idea* at that time)"Minsky, M. and Papert, 8.(19/2) (PROGRESS! Artificial Intelligence

ProgressReport. MIT Project MAC* Al Memo 252,

m(SURf, Ps the only coherent recent presentation of the "MIT Al Phi l©*oPhy"

/

«AVRQN>>BIBLIO;AI|i10|16 TCIE 14 OCT 75 Page 14,1

)

MlnaKv. and Papert XePerxeptron***, MIT 1969,A^sufflclent, fXPertlse $an be, gainedfrom the appropriate section of (Hunt AI]

#

In looking et this book* try to reed throughpeue .35 1 then look through the rest? especially note theconcluding remark**, pp, 227-246, 5

(PR* I.pppjying rlgoufous mathematics to what Al-systems of different types

cen theoretically echleve)

m

"Moore* Jim and Allen Newell* Hbw cen MERLIN understand?*If) Gregg (ed,) XeKnowledge end Cognition*** LewrenceErlbaum Associates* 1973, , , »(SUM, l:B*te structures; criteria for understanding systems)

Mporei:* James A., "Music and Computer Composition"* *eComm, ACM***January 1972.(SURV)

Newborn* M., XeComPuter Chess*** Acedemlc. Press* Ine,* New York*New York* 1975* <?00 pages* $15,00. If you're Interested,(SURV)

"Newell* A. (1969) (ILL! Heuristic Programming* ll^Structured Problems* In(ed, Arbnofsky* A.) *eProgress In Operatibns Research 111*** John Wiley end

Sons |

(ESS* P)

" Newell* A, (1965) Limitations of The Current Stock of Ideas. aboutProblem.Solving, *eProceedlngs of a Conference on Electronic .Information Handling*** pp, 195^208, (eds Kent and feu) bee) N*w York!

Spartan,(ESS* Interesting reading)

"Newell (197,5? Production Systems; Models bf Control Structures* May*1973 CMU Report* also published In CW.G. Chase* ed^l *eVUua|information Processing*** NYJ Academic Press, Chapter 10* pp, 463*526,(PR/SUM, UtitU of paparl)

Nfweil! A. (1970) Remarks on The Relationship Between At andCognitive Psychology* In (Baner.l and Me»*Povlctt

eds,) XejheoretlcalApproaches tg Non-Numerical Problem Solving*** PP 363«4G0, New York!SPrInge r-Ver lag Pub,(ESS* P)

Newell* A.* Barnett* Jeffrey* Forgie* James. W,* Green* CurdeU*^Kfatt* Dennis* Licklider* J.C.R.* Munson* John* Reddyf P, Rel* andWoods, William A,* (SPEECH! XeSpeeth Underetendlng Systems. Final Report

a* "Study Group*** American Elsevier Publishing Compenv* New Ybfk* NewYork* 1973, xiv + 137 pages* $6.75. Read especially* Chaps, I*4; Appendix

(SUR*« iiEveluatlng research goals and guiding research toward them)

"Nawell, Shaw* and 8 1 won* OPS? lor this* see their article in XeCpmputers(en«| ThpughtX*

(Feigenbaum and faidmtn* eds). Rating is (SUM, i:|nfd procs psych approach)Also see the relevant .chapter In (Newell and Simon* .HPS,IFor many* detailed* special l*ed applications end analyaes* see (Ernst ups) »

"

10.16 TUE 14 OCT 75 Page 14,2 *AVRON>BIBLIO',Ai;IfNewell* A,, and Slmbn* Herbert A,, (MPS! *eHumen Problem Solving***Prenti.ce-tj*i lc Englewood Cliffs* New Jersey* 1972* xvi ♦ 920 pages.Read the first end last chapters* look over Chaps, 3*4*B,(OR/ESS/SUM, Dtknow what LT was* what a PBG Is* Production systems)m"Njlsson# ,N, J,, (1974) (OVERVIEW! Artificial Intelligence*SRI technicel Note 89 (March* 1974)*and also IFIP Congress 74 (Sweden* August* 1974),(SURV)

"Nilsson* Nil* J.* (At! *eProblem-*blylng Method* In ArtificialIntelligence**,, MpGrew«.Hf|] Book Company* New York, New York, 1971(TEXT* but I/P;Oood presentation of resolution* searching* *2XX3* f etc',)Norman* Pbneld,„Ru*elherf* P,* and the LNR Reaeerch Group*leExplore^ipni in Cpgnl|lpn*X* Freeman*, 1975,(SQM, Pi a collection of papara done from Norman* P*ych©ibgy/At viewpoint)Pepert* Seymour* DREYFUS! reply. Unpubl lshed AI memo* wl 1 I fa* mad*aval labia;(ESS*)

fplya* 0, Thr^e books are listed here; you should beacquainted withthe kinds of principles Polye trlea to Impress* hisstudies oftheuri sties. It fa not necessery to study the detail *d

contents of. these books,XeHow tb Solve It*** Dou»leday Anchpr Books* 1945],Xelnductlon and Analogy in Mathematics*** Princeton U', Press, 1954,XePatterna of Pjaus.lble Inference*** Princeton Ut Press* 1908*,

(PR* [.heuristics end hbw tb use them)" Bu|llian* M. Ross* Semantic Membryf In (Minsky SIP!*, Mentioned In many.;......,.'- later NaturalLanguage wb,r>t»,_(PR*l: network flow model for Conceptual linking)

Raphael, Bertram* XeThe Challenge of Smarter Computer**** tb bepublished. Draft available.CESS* )

(lEEE! Reddy* J>, Ral* editor* *pS»eech Refognltlbnt Invited PapersPresented at the 1974 lEEE Symposium*** Academic Press* Ine,* N#wfork* N*w. Yo,r|, 1?75,(Cbllectlbn bf recent articles* all at least (SUM, ))

RJeger* Chuck,/_*____.___.__.___. A.

__ _I __*__.__..''____...;_.__

a *>

k ... P_ ... . ...

j n»

' . . .

' *..

.

m*

*

'

"__ *'

___.

■'

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Conceptual Memory! A Theory and Computer Program for Processing theMeaning Content bf Natural Language Utterance**Stenford CS dissertation* 1974 (printed fey FbndaJ-lbne Palle Mbtle),A|»o available as Stanford AIM-23J, CS-419 f(PR* li memory model based on conceptual dependency -* forward Inlerenclng)Wustin, R,, editor* *eN#tural Languege Prbce»*lng*** Algorithmic*fre**» New Yprk* New York, 1971,(Collection of articles, all at leact (SUM, )}

fB*cerdoti* ABSTRIPS article* Wrd IJCAI**, Or; current Planning draft;(SUM* nplanning 1* Ju*t seerchlng a sparser* more abstract space)""(B&CJ Schank, R. and Colby, X, **cbmputer Models of Thought and

10il6 TUE 14 OCT 75 page 14,3 SAVRON^BIBLIOUIM4ar»guage f ** Freeman* 1973(Collection; Note especially chapter* 1*4*5,6)m "Schank* Roger* Nell, Cpldman* Charles Rieger* and Chris Riesbeck*MARGifi Memory* Analysis* Response Generation* and Inference on English*JeStlCAl**, 19t3« PP, 2'_»W61 f(SUM* ii conceptual dependency for system Integration)

XeSecond International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence!Adyance, Papern of the Conference*** OP 65449* University Microfilms*Ann, Arbor* Michigan, 1971, xiy + 658 pages* $15,70 (paperback)*f17,95 (hardback)* $11.90 (micrbfllm)/(Co! lect Ion)

"phprtliffe* Pavia* Aj. |in«* Buchanan* Green* and Cohen*Computer-based Consul tat ions In Clinical Therapeutics*Fftpjenetibn and Rule Acqul si t jon Capabl 1 1t le* of the MYCIN ,Syst.em, preprint for article in Volume 8 of the *eJournal forComputers in Biomedical Research**, June* 1975,(SUM, I.Medlcel application of production systems! communication with,

expert*)

Simmons, R. i.1965) Answering English Questions by a Computer J ASurvey* XeCACMX* 8* 1; January, 1?65* pp, 53-70,(SURV, gives reasonable picture of state bf art at that time)

Simmons* R', (19^0) Natural Language QA Systems, *eCACM** 13, 1; JaV,fJ970, pp, lS*|O f . .(SURV* gives reasonable Picture of state of art at that time)

"Simon* H (19/3) Lessons from Perception for Chess*Pl eying Programs(and vice versa)* CMU Computer Science Research Review 1972*»1973* pp;3s-/|O,(ESS J)

Slmbn* Herbert A, f and Slklbssy* Laurent* editors, *eßepresentatlbnarid Meaning,! Experiments with Information Processing Systems***Prent ice-Hall £ Inglewobd Cliffs, New Jersey* 1972, xx + 440 pages,(collection bf CMU dissertations each (SUM br PR))

"Sfagle* J. R, (1971) XeArtlficiai Intelligence! The Heuristicfrbgramwlng Approach**, New YorM McGraw Hill, ElementarYstTEXt* )

"Slbman* Aaron .1971) Ipterect lpn» Between Phi |p*bphy and ArtificialIntelligence! The, Role of Intuition and Nbn«*Lbglcal Ree*«nlng InIntelligence* XeJpurnaj of Al**, 2, 1971, pp, 209-225. Provocative',(ESS* P looking for philosophical Implications bf AI work)

SUSfman, Gerald, *eA Computer Model bf Skill Acg«i*l t (dn**#American El*evlpr Publishing Company* New York, New York* 1975,*.See wrheupjn (Wlneton 1974](OR* lt learning as debugging)

Xethlrd International Joint Conference on Artificial In|el llgencef1 IgencefAdvance Papers of the Conference*** Stanford Reiearch Institute*Menlo Park* Callfbrnla* 1973* xfv ♦ 703 pages.(Col lection)

"turingt TEST, found In JC&TI, Parodied In (Anderson ESSAYS! ,(ESS* l:a yardstick that has weathered many a storm.

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10.17 TUE 14 OCT 75 «Avron^biblio;ai;lPage 14,4

Uhrj Leonard* *ePat tern Recognition* Learning* and thought IComputer-programmed Model* pf Higher Mental Processes***Prentlce-Hatl* fcnolewopd Cliffs, New Jersey* 1973, 7 ♦ 506 pages*$13,95, Much more depth than will be expected.(PR* )

Waldlnger end Manna, recent short SRI technical report will bemade available (SUM, I {Reasoning about programs)

Walker* Donald E,« and Norton* Lewis M., fdjtbrs* *fProceedings oftfce international Jojnt Conference on Artlf.lcla! Intelligence***Gordon and Breach Science Publishers* New York* New York* 1969, x t715 Pages, $?'.H. the first UCAT,(Collection; most o? the articles are outdated by now; worth skimming,

through)

Weiner, N". *eThe Human uses bf Human Being*! Cybernetics and Society**!Anchor 1954. (ESS. P)

"Weizenbaum, J,, CLIZA, *eCACMX*1966* 9, 36-45.(SUM, lilt's easy tb Pretend Intel ligence1 igence by reflective listening)

WickVigren* Wayne A.* Sallow to Sblye Problems! Elements bf atheory of Problem* and Prbblem-sol ving**, San Franciscoi 4W,H'. freeman end Company* 1974, Integrates Newell and Pblye'e Ideas',(PR* it Reconciling Polya and Newell)

"Winograd* Terry* "five Lectures on Artificial Intelligence"*Stanford AIM-246, C5459, AOAOOOOBS/I WC* 93 pages* September 1974,(ESS* P)

eWjnbgrsd* Terry* A procedural model bf lenguage understanding* In£chanl and Colby (eds,) \ , .(SUM, IJprbcedural representation* systemic grammar)

Winograd* Terry, *eUnder*tandlng Natural Language**^ AcademicPress* Inc.* New York* New York* 1972* vlll t 191 pages* $10,00;See paperjn Schank, and Cbtbv.br. ln 5 Lectures for summary,(PR*

'

1 .'Procedural knowledge In en integreted system),

"Winbgred, Terry* Frame representations and the declarative/proceduralcpn|rbv*rjiy* tb appear In Bobrow & Collins (1975), Copies will beavailable,

,...,

(ESS* IJmbdulerlty of knowledge structures*

Winsjbn* P. H. (1972), The M.(,T, Robot* *eMachlne Intelligence 7**#American Elsevier Pub',(SURV* ItHeterarchlcei systems)

Weston, f»atr|ck H. f editor* XeThe Psychology bf Computer Vision***McGraw-Hill Publishing Company* N** York* New York, 1975*$|8,00, MIT vfslon wbrk* t Min*ky«* FRAMES paper.'(Collection* each at leest (PR/SUM, ))

"(M1T741 Winston et al. (1974) New Progress In Artificial Intelligence* MltAI

Lab Report AI-TR-310* June*, l974,(SUR^* Collection of summaries* en updated version bf (Minsky and Papert

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10.17 TOE 14 OCT 75 Page 14,5 *AVRON>BIBLtO'

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AI;l

PROGRESS!)

Woods* William (ATN! Chapter in Schank and Colby'.(SUM, ItAugmented transition Net grammars)

"Wopds* W. A. and Mekhoul, J, (1973) Mechnlcal Inference problems InContinuous Speech Understanding, XeSIJCAI**, pp. 200-207, this describespart iV'imMlempn ted aystem. For the final story*lEEE Transactions on A3SP, February* 1^75,(SUM, It Incremental simulation)

Woods' article In

" ?e.kimov*ky* Y. endTetdmen* J, (1973) A 3emantlce*Beaed Decisionfhebry Rpgibn Analyier, XfSlJCAi**, Advanced Papara pp 580-8,(SUM, Itppuning using real-world constraints)