Reinventing the dole: References

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REFERENCES

Chapter 11. Cmd. 4185 (1932), p. 36.2. Cmd. 3920 (1931), pp. 145-152.3. CAB 24/222, CP 203(31).

4. CAB 23/67, Cab 41(31).5. CAB 24/222, CP 204(31).6. CAB 23/67, Cab 46(31).7. CAB 24/223, CP 208(31).8. CAB 23/68, Cab 50(31).9. C.H. Exley, The Guide to Poor Relief, 4th edn. (1935), p. 76.10. MH57/11, Meeting of Ministers, 6 October 1931.11. MH 57/10, Conference between representatives of Ministry of Health and Ministryof Labour, 8 September 1931.12. Ministry of Health, Circular 1069, 3 January 1930.13. S.R. & O. 1931/853.14. CAB 23/68, Cab 71(31).

15. Hansard, 7 October 1931, vol. 257, col. 1086.16. PIN 3/37, Notes on Clauses of Unemployment Bill, clause 37(5).17. Cmd. 4185 (1932), p. 62.18. CAB 27/491, KSC(32) 1st meeting, 17 October 1932.19. AST 7/105, Department of Health for Scotland, General observations on Reportsregarding public assistance practice, 11 April 1935.20. Sidney and Beatrice Webb, English Poor Law History, Part II: The Last HundredYears (1929), p. 900n.21. PIN 7/124, Part 2, Conference of Ministers, 8 February 1932.22. PIN 7/127, Conference of representatives of Tyneside local authorities, 12 April1932.23. Ibid., Lowry, 2 May 1932; Eady to Reid and Phillips, 26 May 1932; Report ofcommittee, n.d.; Francis to Lowry, 31 May 1932; Batterbury to Lowry, 3 June 1932;

Minute, Conference of Tyneside Public Assistance Authorities, n.d.24. MH 57/9, General Inspectors conference, 7-8 July 1932.25. MH 79/296, Report of Sub-Committee of Public Assistance Committee of theAssociation of Municipal Corporations, 2 September 1932.26. Ibid., Conference with Association of Municipal Corporations, 8 December 1932.27. T 160/652/F12685, Hurst to Waterfield, 20 November 1931.28. MH 57/13B, Keenlyside to Reid, 28 September 1931; Currie to McGregor, 1 October1931; Keenlyside to Robinson, 1 October 1931; Rucker to Robinson, 7 October 1931;Strohmenger, 27 October 1931.29. Ibid., Strohmenger, 27 October 1931.30. Ibid., Robinson to Chamberlain, 2 November 1931.31. Ministry of Labour, Circular L.A.3, 10 November 1931 (House of Commons Library,deposited paper 559).

32. Ministry of Health, Circular 1069, 3 January 1930.33. PIN 7/198, Discussion at Ministry of Labour, 1 October 1931.34. CAB 24/224, CP 289(31).35. PIN 7/199, Meeting with Committee of Public Assistance Officers, 18 September1931.36. T 172/1769, Chamberlain, 13 October 1932.37. CAB 27/491, KSC(32) 1st meeting.38. Ibid., KSC(32) 2nd meeting.39. Davison, op. cit. (1938), pp. 22-23.40. HLG 29/193, Martin to Young, 7 November 1932.41. Ibid., Acland-Troyte to Young, 8 November 1932.42. AST 12/12, Assistance Board Memorandum 335.

Chapter 21. CAB 24/223, CP 260(31).2. MH 57/14, General Inspectors conference, 18 December 1931.

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3. Ibid.4. PIN 3/37, Notes on clauses of Unemployment Bill, clause 34, appendix.5. Daily Herald, 1 November 1932 (quoted in N. Branson and B. Heinemann, Britain inthe Nineteen Thirties, Panther (1973), p. 38).6. LAB 2/2001/S&E 304/33, Hancock to Basham, 10 and 19 January 1933; Basham toHancock, 23 February 1933.

7. CAB 24/250, CP 192(34).8. MH 79/308, Maslin to Keenlyside, 22 October 1932.9. PIN 3/37, Unemployment Bill, note on clause 37(3), n.d..10. MH 79/308, Young to MacDonald, 22 November 1932.11. MH 57/208, Gibb, Household income: break up of homes, 18 January 1934.12. MH 79/308, Maslin to Keenlyside, 22 October 1932; Keenlyside to Francis, 24October 1932.13. MH 57/208, Gibb, Household income: break up of homes, 18 January 1934.14. AST 7/154, Marshall to Walker, 10 May 1935 and 9 November 1935.15. MH 57/208, Evans to Francis, 1 February 1934.16. AST 7/154, Hepburn to Reid, 29 January 1937.17. Cmd. 4185 (1932), p. 62.18. CAB 24/228, CP 84(32).19. PIN 7/139, Part 1, Note on action taken by the Department in connection with theadministration of Transitional Payments by the Glamorgan County Council, n.d.; Clerkto Bridgend Guardians Committee to Public Assistance Officer, Glamorgan, 28 February1933; Evens, 8 March 1933; Evans to Keenlyside, 5 August 1933; Hancock to Reid, 8December 1933.20. Ibid., Meeting with Needs Test Sub-Committee of Glamorgan County Council, 11March 1933.21. Ibid., Hancock to Reid, 26 September 1933; Eady to Floud, 28 September 1933;Floud to Betterton, 30 September 1933.22. Ibid., Deputy Clerk, Glamorgan County Council, to Secretary, Ministry of Labour, 30October 1933; Hancock to Reid, 8 December 1933; Rossetti, 5 September 1934; Evansto Keenlyside, 20 December 1934; Deputy Clerk, Glamorgan County Council, to

Secretary, Ministry of Labour, 21 December 1934; Nicholson to Deputy Clerk,Glamorgan County Council, 12 January 1935.23. LAB 2/1447/7F 113/12/33, Polden to Moat, 1 December 1933.24. PIN 6/82, Reid, 3 March 1933.25. LAB 2/2001/S&E 264/34, Osmond to Wilson, 14 March 1933.26. AST 7/12, Durham Commissioners, code of instructions, 1 September 1933.27. Markham papers, 7/4, Note from Stockton No. 3 Area, Durham Commissioners, 10September 1934.28. LAB 2/2001/S&E 264/34, Osmond to Hancock, 4 January 1933.29. LAB 2/1997/S&E 202/6/33, Osmond to Hancock, 18 January 1933.30. AST 7/12, Local Authorities and Investigation Work, 5 January 1934.31. AST 12/15, UAB 7th meeting.

Chapter 31. T 161/542/S37070, Hopkins to Chamberlain, 16 January 1932.2. Ibid., Secretary of Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance to Secretary,Ministry of Labour, 18 April 1932.3. Ibid., Hopkins, 10 May 1932.4. Ibid., Hopkins, 25 May 1932.5. Cmd. 4185 (1932), pp. 279-280, 293.6. PIN 6/77, Reid to Eady, 21 April 1932.7. Ibid., Bowers to ??????, 4 October 1932.8. LAB 2/1402/SD 1786/32, Transitional Payments - proposed power to issuedirections, 5 October 1932.9. T 161/542/S37070, Strohmenger to Hopkins, 3 October 1932; Hopkins toChamberlain, 5 October 1932.

10. Ibid., Chamberlain, 9 October 1932.11. PIN 6/77, Bowers to Eady, 11 October 1932.12. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/801, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 15 October 1932.

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13. John D. Millett, The Unemployment Assistance Board(1940), pp. 29-30.14. Jos Harris, William Beveridge: a Biography(1977), p. 357n.15. Cmd. 4185 (1932), pp. 164, 171.16. CAB 27/501, UI(32) 1st Cons.17. Frederick M. Miller, National Assistance or Unemployment Assistance? The BritishCabinet and Relief Policy,Jnl. of Contemporary History, 9:2 (1974), p. 174.

18. PIN 3/34, Low to Price, 15 August 1933.19. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/814, 29 January 1933; 18/1/817, 18 February1933; 18/1/836, 15 July 1933.20. CAB 27/491, KSC(32) 1st meeting.21. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/802, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 22 October 1932.22. PIN 6/77, Bowers to Eady, 11 October 1932.23. LAB 2/1403/2/F, The needs test. Statement by the Minister of Labour, 18 October1932.24. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/802, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 22 October 1932.25. T 172/1769, Strohmenger to Hopkins, 13 October 1932.26. HLG 30/3, Young to Chamberlain, 4 November 1932; Robinson to Floud, 9November 1932.

Chapter 41. CAB 27/501, UI(32)2.2. Ibid., UI(32)3.3. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/810, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 17 December 1932.4. CAB 27/501, UI(32)5.5. Ibid., UI(32) 1st Cons.6. Ibid., UI(32)7.7. Ibid., UI(32) 2nd Cons.8. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/814, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 29 January 1933.9. CAB 23/75, Cab 3(33).10. HLG 30/3, Ministers conference, 31 January 1933.11. CAB 27/501, UI(32) 3rd Cons.

12. CAB 23/75, Cab 9(33).13. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/817, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 18 February 1933.14. LAB 2/1474/ET 1750/33, Eady, 16 March 1933.15. CAB 27/501, UI(32)16.16. Ibid., UI(32) 4th and 6th Cons.17. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/822, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 1 April 1933.18. CAB 27/501, UI(32) 7th Cons.19. CAB 23/75, Cab 25(33).20. Hansard(1933), vol. 276, col. 2606-2607.21. PIN 3/34, Eady to Floud, 21 April 1933.22. Ibid., Low to Price, 15 August 1933.23. CAB 27/552, UIC(33)2.24. PIN 3/34, Eady to Low, 13 April 1933.

25. CAB 27/552, UIC(33)4.26. HLG 30/12, Francis to Lowry, 5 May 1933; Young to Betterton, 9 May 1933.27. Ibid., UIC(33)12.28. PIN 3/34, Eady to Floud, 24 May 1933.29. HLG 30/12, Francis, 1 June 1933.30. CAB 24/242, CP 195(33).31. CAB 23/76, Cab 48(33).32. PIN 3/34, Eady to Low, 6 July 1933.33. PIN 3/37, Notes on clauses of Unemployment Bill, clause 39.34. PIN 3/34, Robinson to Floud, 11 October 1933.35. Ibid., Instructions to Parliamentary Counsel on draft clauses, n.d. (September1933).36. Hansard(1934), vol. 286, col. 858.

37. CAB 27/552, UIC(33)2.38. PIN 3/34, Eady to Secretary, 19 June 1933.39. Ibid., Eady to Low, 24 June 1933.

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40. Ibid., Eady to Reid, 1 July 1933.41. HLG 30/5, Francis to Lowry, 8 August 1933.42. PIN 3/34, Note by the Minister, n.d.43. Ibid., Meeting in Ministers room, 13 September 1933.44. Ibid., Eady to Secretary, 21 September 1933.45. CAB 27/552, UIC(33) 6th Cons.

46. PIN 3/34, Robinson to Floud, 11 October 1933.47. AST 10/14, Floud to Strohmenger, 24 October 1933.48. AST 12/28, Assistance Board Annual Report 1939 (proof), p. 27.49. PIN 3/34, Low to Ram, 3 October 1933.50. CAB 27/552, UIC(33) 6th Cons.51. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/850, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 11 November 1933.52. AST 7/9, Betterton to Chamberlain, 23 October 1933.53. Ibid., Gilbert to Strohmenger, 25 October 1933.54. PIN 6/82, Note on the estimated cost to the Exchequer of the new scheme ..., n.d.[October 1933].

Chapter 51. Hansard(1934), vol. 288, col. 1775.2. Ibid., vol. 289, col. 1486.3. Ibid., vol. 288, col. 923-924.4. Hansard(1933), vol. 283, col. 1073, 1087-1088.5. Ibid., vol. 283, col. 1128, 1134-1135.6. Ibid., vol. 283, col. 1314.7. Hansard(1934), vol. 289, col. 1149.8. Ibid., vol. 289, col. 1210-1211.9. Hansard(1933), vol. 283, col. 1615.10. Hansard(1934), vol. 285, col. 1853.11. Ibid., vol. 288, col. 1442.12. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 310.13. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 786.

14. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 862.15. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 874-875.16. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 892.17. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 984.18. Ibid., vol. 289, col. 1279.19. Relief Regulation Order 1930, Article 6.20. Hansard(1934), vol. 286, col. 849-850.21. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 854.22. Hansard(1933), vol. 283, col. 1100.23. Hansard(1934), vol. 286, col. 213, 242.24. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 250.25. Ibid, vol. 285, col. 1852-1853.26. Ibid, vol. 286, col. 127.

27. Ibid., vol. 288, col. 1811-1818.28. House of Lords, Official Report(1934), vol. 92, col. 1125.29. Hansard(1934), vol. 286, col. 993-994.30. Ibid., vol. 288, col. 1818.31. Ibid., vol. 286, col. 134.32. Ibid., vol. 288, col. 1840.33. Ibid., vol. 288, col. 1803-1804.34. Hansard(1933), vol. 283, col. 1092-1095.35. Ibid., vol. 283, col. 1107.36. Ibid., vol. 284, col. 162-163.37. Ibid., vol. 283, col. 1545.38. Hansard(1934), vol. 287, col. 1680-1713.39. Hansard(1933), vol. 284, col. 142-143.

40. Ibid., vol. 284, col. 161, 163-5.41. Ibid., vol. 284, col. 1069.42. Ibid., vol. 283, col. 1108, 1537-1538.

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43. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/853, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 9 December 1933.

Chapter 61. Interview with Miss D J Hope-Wallace, 24 May 1982.2. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/56, Markham to Jones, 25 June 1934.3. John Campbell, Stanley Baldwin, in John P Mackintosh (ed.), British Prime Ministersin the Twentieth Century, Vol. I, 1977, p. 205.4. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/87, Markham to Jones, 17 May 1936; Diary, 1936.5. Ibid., W 5/79, Eady to Jones, 7 April 1936.6. Interview with Mr T D Kingdom, 11 June 1982.7. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1934, p. 30.8. Ibid., T 1/10, Markham to Jones, 16 December 1928.9. Ibid., T 1/41, Markham to Jones, 26 December 1932.10. Ibid., T 1/52, Markham to Jones, 13 May 1934.11. Ibid., T 1/53, Markham to Jones, 21 May 1934.12. Ibid., Diary, 1934, pp. 39-46.13. Markham papers, 7/1, Simon to Markham, 1 July 1934.14. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/72, Markham to Jones, 25 November 1935.15. LAB 2/1999/SE600/36 Pt. I, Wolfe to Eady, 31 October 1933.16. AST 9/58, Unemployment Assistance Board: History of Staffing, Vol. I.17. Markham papers, 7/4, Eady to Markham, 6 April 1937.18. Thomas Jones papers, C 16/43, Eady to Jones, n.d. (February 1937?).19. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/859, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 3 February 1934.20. Ibid., 18/1/860, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 10 February 1934.21. Interview with Mr T D Kingdom, 11 June 1982.22. Interview with Mr R J P Hewison, 9 August 1982.23. Interview with Mr J W M Siberry, 11 August 1982.24. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/120, Markham to Jones, 9 December 1937.25. Ibid., T 1/65, Markham to Jones, 3 May 1935.26. Ibid., Diary, 1936, p. 175.27. PIN 3/34, Eady to Floud, 5 December 1932.

28. Neville Chamberlain papers, NC 2/23A, Diary, 28 February 1934.29. Ibid., NC 2/23A, Diary, 16 March 1934.30. Ibid., NC 2/23A, Diary, 25 March 1934.31. Ibid., NC 2/23A, Diary, 27 March 1934.32. Ibid., NC 2/23A, Diary, 9 May 1934.33. CAB 27/501, UI(32) 4th Cons.34. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/877, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 1 July 1934.35. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1934, p. 17.36. MH 79/294, Sellar to Grigg, 30 October 1930.37. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/56, Markham to Jones, 25 June 1934.38. Violet Markham papers, 9/3, Betterton to Markham, 20 June 1934.39. Ibid., Reid to Markham, 28 June 1934.40. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1934, p. 67.

41. AST 12/2, UAB Memorandum 18, 11 September 1934.42. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/69, Markham to Jones, 27 September 1935.43. Ibid., C 15/51, Hallsworth to Jones, 27 September 1935.44. Ibid., W 5/73, Eady to Jones, 24 October 1935.45. Ibid., C 15/52, Hallsworth to Jones, 30 October 1935.46. Ibid., T 1/70, Markham to Jones, 27 October 1935.47. Anon (T. Jones), Whats Wrong with South Wales!, New Statesman and Nation, 27July 1935, Vol. X, No. 231 (New Series), Supplement, pp. 141-146.48. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/72, Markham to Jones, 25 November 1935.49. Ibid., Diary, 1935, pp. 159-160.50. Ibid., T 1/76, Markham to Jones, 2 January 1936.51. Ibid., T 1/80, Markham to Jones, 13 February 1936.52. Ibid., Diary, 1936, p. 209.

53. Ibid., T 1/82, Markham to Jones, 3 April 1936.54. Ibid., T 1/81, Markham to Jones, 22 March 1936; and Diary, 1936, pp. 80-81.55. Ibid., T 1/82, Markham to Jones, 3 April 1936.

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56. AST 12/24, UAB 72nd mtg., 20-22 October 1936.57. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/106, Markham to Jones, 21 March 1937.58. Ibid., W 5/90, Eady to Jones, 13 May 1937.59. Ibid., T 1/139, Markham to Jones, 9 October 1938.

Chapter 7

1. Cmd. 5177, 1936, pp. 7-8.2. Hansard(1935), vol. 297, col. 2017.3. T 161/631/S39163, Strohmenger to Fisher, 10 March 1934.4. Ibid., Chamberlain, 12 March 1934; Strohmenger, 14 March 1934.5. CAB 24/249, CP 134(34).6. AST 7/53, Strohmenger to Fergusson, 4 September 1934.7. AST 7/53, Ministry of Health to local authority associations, 2 October 1934.8. The Times, 3 October 1934.9. PIN 3/34, Eady to Floud, 21 April 1933.10. LAB 2/1999/SE600/36 Pt. I, Wolfe to Eady, 31 October 1933.11. Ibid., Eady to Floud, 26 July 1933.12. Cmd. 4861, 1935, p. 98.13. LAB 2/1999/SE600/36 Pt. 1, Possible organisation of the Boards offices, 7February 1934.14. Ibid., Dale to Eady and Eady to Dale, 26 April 1934.15. Ibid., Sellar to Dale, 17 November 1933.16. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 5, May 1934.17. Interview with Mr T D Kingdom, 11 June 1982.18. Information supplied by the Department of Social Security.19. AST 13/26, Circular G 2/34, November 1934.20. AST 12/15, UAB 1st mtg., 6 July 1934.21. Interview with Mr T D Kingdom, 11 June 1982.22. Interview with Miss J Hope-Wallace, 24 May 1982.23. AST 12/3, UAB Memo. 31, 29 October 1934.24. D N Chester and F M G Willson, The Organisation of British Central Government

1914-1956, 1957, p. 27.25. Cmd. 5177, 1936, pp. 298-299.26. Hansard(1935), vol. 299, col. 1747-1748.27. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 299.28. AST 12/3, UAB Memo. 31, 29 October 1934.29. Civil Service Clerical Association, The A.B.C. of the U.A.B., n.d. (1935?), pp. 10-44.30. Interview with Mr T D Kingdom, 11 June 1982.31. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 301.32. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 59, 7 January 1935.33. Ibid., UAB Memo. 78, 12 March 1935.34. AST 12/4, UAB Memo. 57, 17 December 1934.35. Interview with Mr Reginald Hobbins, 4 May 1982.36. AST 12/18, UAB 26th mtg., 26-28 February 1935.

37. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 78, 12 March 1935.38. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 106, 21 November 1935.39. Ibid., UAB Memo. 105, 22 November 1935.40. Thomas Jones papers, T 2/4, Markham to Jones, 11 March 1939.41. Hansard(1935), vol. 298, col. 504.42. Civil Service Clerical Association, op. cit., pp. 14-44.43. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 299.44. AST 9/47.45. Markham papers, 9/3, Phillipa Strachey, Employment of women on the staff of theUnemployment Assistance Board, 1 March 1935; Markham to Watson, 30 October1934; Markham to Reeve Wallace, 1 November 1934.46. Ibid., 9/3, Markham to Strachey, 17 July 1934.47. AST 9/47, Crook to Matthews, 5 April 1935.

48. Ibid., Wilson to District Officers, 13 April 1935.49. Ibid., Pearce to Wilson, 16 April 1935.50. Ibid., Harley to Wilson, 18 May 1935.

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51. Ibid., Area Officer, Derby, to Secretary, 27 September 1938.52. T 164/252, discussion at Treasury, 17 October 1933.53. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 4, July 1934.54. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 120, 24 January 1936.55. AST 7/37, Robinson to Strohmenger, 21 June 1934.56. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 120, 24 January 1936.

57. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 151.58. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 120, 24 January 1936.59. AST 7/93, Hughes-Gibb, 21 June 1934.60. AST 7/93, Appeal Tribunals under Part II of the Unemployment Act, for discussionat divisional controllers conference on 11 July 1934.61. AST 14/20, Bircham to Nicholson, 21 November 1934.62. AST 7/93, Reid to Hancock, 28 June 1934.63. Ibid., Eady to Phillips, 19 June 1934.64. UAB 3rd mtg., 17 July 1934.65. AST 13/1, Circular A 2/34, December 1934.66. AST 7/93, Eady to Nicholson, 26 July 1934.67. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p.49.68. Ibid., pp. 49-50.69. AST 12/3, UAB memo. 27, 16 October 1934.70. AST 13/20, Circular DO 15/34, December 1934.71. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 57.72. AST 13/20, Circular DO 43/37, 11 October 1937.73. Markham papers, 7/4, Tallents to Markham, 26 October 1934.74. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/6, Eady to Jones, 1 November 1934.75. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/6, Eady to Jones, 1 November 1934.76. AST 9/101, Watson to Trickett, 13 March 1935; Trickett to Watson, 16 March 1935.77. AST 9/90, Office Notice no. 19, 19 November 1934.

Chapter 81. AST 7/36, Reid to Strohmenger, 25 June 1934.

2. PIN 6/77, Reid to Eady, 21 April 1932.3. Cmd. , 1932, pp. 390-416, 445-460.[RC on UI, 1930-32, Minutes of Evidence,Appendices, Part VII]4. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 9, 19 July 1934.5. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/58, Markham to Jones, 24 July 1934.6. AST 12/15, UAB 4th mtg., 23-25 July 1934.7. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 11, July 1934.8. AST 12/15, UAB 5th mtg., 31 July 1934.9. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/59, Markham to Jones, 7 August 1934.10. The Times, 4 August 1934.11. AST 7/36, Strohmenger, 10 August 1934.12. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 13, September 1934.13. Ibid., UAB Memo. 15, 17 August 1934.

14. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 14, 30 August 1934.15. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/59, Markham to Jones, 7 August 1934.16. AST 12/15, UAB 6th mtg., 13-14 September 1934.17. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/2, Jones to Betterton, 21 September 1934.18. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 22, 28 September 1934.19. Ibid., UAB Memo. 24, 6 October 1934.20. AST 12/16, UAB 9th mtg., 9-12 October 1934.21. Ibid., UAB 8th mtg. (in minutes of 8th-10th mtgs.), 2 October 1934.22. AST 12/2. UAB Memo. 25, October 1934.23. AST 12/15, UAB 4th mtg., 23-25 July 1934.24. AST 12/16, UAB 9th mtg., 9-12 October 1934.25. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 17, 10 September 1934.26. AST 12/15, UAB 6th mtg., 14 September 1934.

27. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/61, Markham to Jones, 13 October 1934.

Chapter 9

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1. AST 7/36, King to Reid, 30 May 1934.2. Ibid., Reid to Strohmenger, 25 June 1934.3. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 23, 28 September 1934.4. AST 12/15, UAB 2nd mtg., 10 July 1934.5. Ibid., UAB 7th mtg., 19 September 1934.6. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 18, 11 September 1934.

7. AST 12/15, UAB 7th mtg., 19 September 1934.8. Ibid., UAB 2nd mtg., 10 July 1934.9. PIN 6/77, Reid to Eady, 21 April 1932.10. AST 7/12, Durham Commissioners Code of Instructions, 7 February 1934.11. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 9, 19 July 1934.12. AST 12/15, UAB 7th mtg., 20 September 1934.13. AST 12/16, UAB 8th mtg., 3 October 1934.14. Ibid., UAB 9th mtg., 10 October 1934.15. Ibid., UAB 9th mtg., 11 October 1934.16. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/61, Markham to Jones, 13 October 1934.17. Ibid., W 5/68, Eady to Jones, n.d. (October 1934).18. AST 12/16, UAB 10th mtg., 16 October 1934.19. AST 12/3, UAB Memo. 26, October 1934.20. AST 7/12, Durham Commissioners Code of Instructions, 7 February 1934.21. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 9, 19 July 1934.22. AST 7/36, Lowry to Batterbury, 19 August 1934.23. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 18, 11 September 1934.24. AST 12/15, UAB 6th mtg., 14 September 1934.25. Ibid., UAB 7th mtg., 19 September 1934.

Chapter 101. AST 7/7, Reid to Eady, 6 October 1933.2. T 161/594/S39084, Hore to Gilbert, 18 October 1933.3. AST 7/6, Eady to Deputy Secretary and Secretary, 30 January 1934.4. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 21, 26 September 1934.

5. AST 7/36, Betterton to Stanley, 9 November 1934.6. AST 12/16, UAB 11th mtg., 24-25 October 1934.7. AST 7/36, Gilbert, 27 October 1934.8. AST 12/16, UAB 12th mtg., 30-31 October 1934.9. AST 13/1, Circular A 49/36, October 1936.10. AST 12/3, UAB Memo. 32, 29 October 1934.11. AST 7/216, Citrine to Secretary, UAB, 6 March 1935.12. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 231, 18 October 1937.13. AST 12/24, UAB 100th mtg., 15 December 1937.14. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 20, 14 September 1934.15. AST 7/78, Addyman to Thomas, 7 January 1935.16. Ibid., Thomas to Addyman, 7 March 1935.17. Ibid., Acting District Officer, Wrexham, to Addyman, 14 August 1935.

18. Wrexham Advertiser, 31 July 1935.19. Daily Worker, 12 October 1938.20. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/39, Robson to Eady, 30 January 1935.21. Ibid., C 15/40, Eady to Robson, 15 April 1935.22. AST 13/1, Circular A 74/35, 3 September 1935.23. Ibid., Circular A 27/37, 7 April 1937.24. Ibid., Circular A 24/35, 18 February 1935.25. Ibid., Circular A 27/37, 7 April 1937.26. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 29.27. AST 13/1, Circular A 49/36, October 1936.28. AST 7/134, Meeting of regional officers, 2 December 1935.29. AST 13/1, Circular A 27/37, 7 April 1937.30. AST 12/15, UAB 7th mtg., 20 September 1934.

31. AST 7/155, Anderson to Division A, 21 June 1935.32. Ibid., Bicknell to Anderson, 30 May 1935.33. Ibid., Fletcher to Secretary, 5 March 1936.

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34. Ibid., Reid to Fletcher, 12 March 1936.35. AST 13/1, Circular A 49/36, October 1936.36. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 29.37. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 25.38. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 240, 10 January 1938.39. AST 7/358, Rushcliffe to Hore-Belisha, 25 January 1938.

40. AST 12/17, UAB 15th mtg., 21-23 November 1934.41. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 30.42. AST 7/400, W Morris Jones to Rushcliffe, 19 January 1939.43. Ibid., W Morris Jones to Secretary, 18 February 1939.44. Ibid., King to Jones, 17 May 1939.45. Ibid., King to Maudslay, 5 June 1939.46. AST 7/685, Hancock, note of meeting at Board of Education on 12 July 1935.47. AST 7/15, Maudslay to Eady, 2 February 1934.48. AST 7/685, Note on the treatment of meals provided at school by local EducationAuthorities, 29 July 1935.49. AST 13/1, Circular A 7/34, December 1934.50. AST 7/685, Strong to Hancock, 6 December 1934; Hancock, 15 December 1934.51. AST 13/1, Circular A 41/35, 30 April 1935.52. AST 7/685, Maudslay to Hancock, 24 May 1935.53. Ibid., Note on the treatment of meals provided at school by local EducationAuthorities, 29 July 1935.54. Polly Hill, op. cit., 1940, p. 81.55. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 20.56. AST 7/685, Maudslay to Hancock, 24 May 1935.57. Ibid., Hancock, Note of meeting at Board of Education on 12 July 1935.58. Ibid., Maudslay to Hancock, 31 July 1935.59. AST 12/21, UAB 46th mtg., 19-21 November 1935.60. Hansard, 23 March 1939, vol. 345, col. 1586.61. Ibid., Reid to King, 11 April 1939.62. Ibid., Reid to Maudslay, 24 April 1939.

63. Ibid., Maudslay to Reid, 11 May 1939.64. PIN 3/37, Unemployment Bill, note on clause 37(3), n.d..65. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 15.66. AST 12/12, UAB Memo. 327, 17 Jan. 1940.67. AST 7/184, King to Reid, 24 May 1935.68. Ibid., Reid to Eady, 28 April 1936.69. AST 12/12, UAB Memo. 327, 17 Jan. 1940.70. AST 12/48, Assessment sub-committee mtg., 1 July 1937.71. AST 7/252, Conference of area officers, Hanley district, 20 Feb. 1936.72. Ibid., Addeyman to Middleton Smith, 25 Aug. 1936.73. Ibid., Wilkinson to Hope-Wallace, 15 Nov. 1937.74. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 10, July 1934.75. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 13.

76. AST 7/289, Conference of district officers and assistant district officers, Leeds, 6April 1936.77. AST 7/308, McKie to District Officer and Headquarters, 28 June 1938.

Chapter 111. T 161/714/S39163/01, Gilbert to Barlow, 17 October 1934.2. Ibid., Barlow to Hopkins, 24 October 1934.3. AST 7/36, Memorandum by Minister of Labour on Unemployment AssistanceRegulations, 26 October 1934.4. T 161/714/S39163/01, Gilbert to Barlow, 27 October 1934.5. CAB 23/80, 37(34)1.6. AST 7/36, Betterton to Stanley, 9 November 1934.7. AST 12/16, UAB 14th mtg., 12 November 1934.

8. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 1st mtg., 13 November 1934.9. Ibid., 2nd mtg., 13 November 1934.10. AST 12/16, UAB 8th-10th mtgs. (appendix).

Ref/9


10/27

11. AST 7/36, Note to Minister of Labour, 15 November 1934.12. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 3rd mtg., 15 November 1934.13. AST 7/36, Strohmenger to Fergusson, 23 November 1934.14. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 4th mtg., 26 November 1934.15. Ibid., UAR(34) 5th mtg., 28 November 1934.16. CAB 23/80, Cab. 44(34), 30 November 1934.

17. Neville Chamberlain papers, 18/1/898, NC to Ida and Hilda Chamberlain, 9December 1934.18. Hansard, 17 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 835.19. Ibid., col. 870-871.20. Ibid., col. 899.21. Hansard, 18 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 1024-1025.22. Hansard, 5 February 1935, vol. 297, col. 936-939.23. Ibid., col. 979-981, 1057.24. The Times, 22 December 1934.25. AST 7/45, Press notice, December 1934.26. Hansard, 17 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 855-857.27. Ibid., col. 874-878.28. Ibid., col. 892-895.29. Ibid., col. 886-887.30. Ibid., col. 896.31. Hansard., 18 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 1070.32. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 3.33. Hansard, 18 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 1016.34. Hansard, 17 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 914, 918-9.35. Hansard, 19 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 1278.36. AST 7/84, Stanley to Betterton, 13 December 1934.37. Ibid., Eady to Emmerson, 14 December 1934.38. Ibid., Betterton to Stanley, 16 December 1934.39. Ibid., Stanley to Betterton, 21 December 1934.40. Hansard, 17 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 850-852.

41. Ibid., col. 866.42. Hansard, 19 December 1934, vol. 296, col. 1190.

Chapter 121. The Times, 7 January 1935.2. AST 7/92, The Citizen of Birmingham, March 1935, p. 12.3. AST 7/45, Watkins to Strohmenger, 2 January 1935.4. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, p. 7.5. Wal Hannington, Ten Lean Years, 1940, p. 132.6. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, p. 7.7. Markham papers, 7/5.8. AST 12/17, UAB 19th mtg., 10 January 1935.9. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/63, Markham to Jones, 17 January 1935.

10. Ibid., Diary, 1935, p. 8.11. AST 7/114, Regional and district officers conference, 2 February 1935.12. AST 13/1, Unnumbered instructions, 18 and 22 January 1935.13. AST 7/45, Eady to Rushcliffe, 22 January 1935.14. AST 12/17, UAB 21st mtg., 23 January 1935.15. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, UAB Memorandum to the Minister of Labour, May 1935 (theMay memorandum).16. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 68, 28 January 1935.17. AST 1/1, Selected case papers 1935.18. CAB 27/576, May memorandum.19. AST 13/1, Circular A 3/34.20. CAB 27/576, May memorandum.21. Ibid.

22. Hansard, 28 January 1935, vol. 297, col. 43-46.23. AST 7/45, Eady to Rushcliffe and Strohmenger, 29 January 1935.24. Hansard, 28 January 1935, vol. 297, col. 64-69.

Ref/10


11/27

25. AST 7/45, Eady to Rushcliffe and Strohmenger, 29 January 1935.26. Hansard, 28 January 1935, vol. 297, col. 95-96, 112.27. Ibid., col. 114-115, 118-119.28. AST 7/45, Eady to Rushcliffe and Strohmenger, 29 January 1935.29. Hansard, 28 January 1935, vol. 297, col. 146, 149-151, 154-155.30. AST 7/114, Eady to Rushcliffe, February 1935.

31. Hansard, 29 January 1935, vol. 297, col. 194, 215, 240-247.

Chapter 131. CAB 23/81, Cabinet 6(35)16, 30 January 1935.2. AST 12/17, UAB 22nd mtg., 30 January 1935.3. AST 13/20, Circular DO 14/35.4. AST 12/18, UAB 23rd mtg., 4 February 1935.5. AST 7/114, Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.6. AST 12/17, UAB 22nd mtg., 31 January 1935.7. AST 7/45, Ministers speech to deputation, 1 February 1935.8. AST 7/114, Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.9. AST 12/17, UAB 22nd mtg., 31 January 1935.10. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, p. 18.11. AST 12/17, UAB 22nd mtg., 31 January 1935.12. Ibid., UAB mtg., 1 February 1935.13. Ibid., UAB 22nd mtg., 1 February 1935.14. AST 7/114, Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.15. Chamberlain papers, NC 18/1/904, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 2 February 1935.16. AST 7/114, Conference of regional and district officers, 2 February 1935.17. Ibid., Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.18. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/18, Jones, 4 February 1935.19. AST 12/18, UAB 23rd mtg., 4 February 1935.20. Ibid.21. AST 7/114, Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.22. AST 12/18, UAB 23rd mtg., 4 February 1935.

23. AST 7/114, Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.24. AST 12/18, UAB 23rd mtg., 4 February 1935.25. Ibid.26. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)4, appendices A and B.27. AST 7/114, Note on discussions leading to standstill period, n.d.28. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)4, appendix C.29. AST 12/18, UAB mtg., 4 February 1935 (note by Miss Markham).30. Ibid., UAB mtg., 5 February 1935 (note by Miss Markham).31. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, p. 19.32. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)4, appendix D.33. AST 12/18, UAB mtg., 5 February 1935 (note by Miss Markham).34. Hansard, 5 February 1935, vol. 297, col. 963-967.35. The Times, 6 February 1935.

36. John D. Millett, The Unemployment Assistance Board, 1940, p. 65.37. Hansard, 5 February 1935, vol. 297, col. 1055, 1058-1059.38. The Times, 6 February 1935.39. Hansard, 12 February 1935, vol. 297, col. 1778-1779.40. Ibid., 6 February 1935, vol. 297, col. 1138.41. Markham papers, 9/3, Baillie to Markham, 8 February 1935.42. The Times,8 February 1935.43. Hansard, 8 February 1935, vol. 297, col. 1456.44. The Times, 11 February 1935.45. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)4.46. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 9th mtg., 6 March 1935.47. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)5.48. AST 7/36, Strohmenger to Fergusson, 29 November 1934.

49. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/71, Markham to Jones, 3 November 1935.50. Markham papers, 9/3, Markham to Dawson, 7 February 1935.51. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, p. 20.

Ref/11


12/27

52. Markham papers, 9/3, Salter to Markham, 17 February 1935.53. Chamberlain papers, NC 2/23A, Diary, 13 February 1935.54. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, p. 25.55. Ibid., C 15/29.56. Markham papers, 9/3, Markham to Dawson, 12 March 1935.57. Chamberlain papers, NC 2/23A, Diary, 8 March 1935.

Chapter 141. AST 7/103, Mc Cann to Headquarters, 13 February 1935.2. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)4.3. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 9th mtg., 6 March 1935.4. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/64, Markham to Jones, 26 March 1935.5. AST 12/19, UAB 28th mtg., 13-14 March 1935.6. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, pp. 31, 38.7. AST 12/18, UAB 27th mtg., 5-8 March 1935.8. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 80, 19 March 1935.9. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, p. 28.10. AST 12/18, UAB 27th mtg., 5-8 March 1935.11. AST 12/19, UAB 30th mtg., 26-28 March 1935.12. Ibid.13. CAB 27/552, UIC(33) 6th cons., 1 November 1933.14. Hansard, 19 February 1934, vol. 286, col. 70-71.15. Markham papers, 7/7, Ellis to Markham, 5 November 1934.16. AST 12/3, UAB Memo. 39, 12 November 1934.17. Hansard, 29 January 1935, vol. 297, col. 248.18. AST 12/5, UAB Memos. 74 and 75, 28 February 1935; AST 12/18, UAB 26th mtg.,26-28 February 1935.19. AST 7/689, Note of discussion, 5 March 1935.20. AST 9/86, District officers conference, 22 March 1935.21. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, pp. 15-16.22. Ibid., pp. 35-37.

23. Ibid., p. 33.

Chapter 151. T 161/714/S 39163.2. Sir Dingle Foot, British Political Crises, 1976, p. 124.3. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1935, pp. 172-173.4. Ibid., Diary, 1936, p. 56.5. Ibid., T 1/71, Markham to Jones, 3 November 1935.6. Chamberlain papers, NC 1/26/510, NC to Mrs Chamberlain, 8 June 1935.7. Ibid., NC 2/23A, Diary, 8 March 1935.8. Ibid., 5 July 1935.9. AST 7/117, Phillips to Eady, 23 September 1935.10. Ronald C. Davison, Unemployment assistance: the crisis and the way out, The

Nineteenth Century and After, April 1935, No. 698, Vol. CXVII, p. 434.11. P.E.P., Planning, No. 44, 12 February 1935, p. 13.12. Markham papers, 9/2, Markham to Davison, 3 April 1935.13. The Times, 20 May 1935.14. AST 7/115, Questions raised by the Minister of Labour, n.d. (June 1935).15. Ibid., Notes upon the Ministers questions enclosed with letter, Nicholson to Eady,1 July 1935.16. AST 7/117, Eady to Phillips, 24 September 1935.17. Ibid., Eady to Rushcliffe, 24 September 1935.18. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 95, 10 October 1935.19. AST 12/20, UAB 40th mtg., 10 October 1935.20. AST 7/117, Rushcliffe to UAB members, 30 October 1935.21. Ibid.

22. Ibid., Eady to Strohmenger, 23 November 1935.23. Hansard, 3 December 1935, vol. 307, col. 73.24. AST 7/136, Note, 7 January 1936.

Ref/12


13/27

25. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 118, 24 January 1936.26. AST 12/22, UAB 54th mtg., 11-12 February 1936.27. Ibid., UAB Memo. 121, 24 January 1936.28. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 126, 21 February 1936.29. AST 7/136, Rushcliffe to Chegwidden, 6 February 1936.30. Thomas Jones papers, C 16/1, Barnson to Jones, 8 February 1936.

31. Ibid., T 1/81, Markham to Jones, 22 March 1936.32. Ibid., T 1/77, Markham to Jones, 30 January 1936.33. AST 12/22, UAB 54th mtg., 11-12 February 1936.34. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 131, Jones to Rushcliffe, 22 February 1936.35. Thomas Jones papers, W 5/77, Eady to Jones, 27 February 1936.36. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 134, Conference with Minister of Labour, 24 February 1936.

Chapter 161. T 161/714/S39163/01, Fergusson to Chamberlain, 13 March 1936.2. Ibid., Simon, 31 March 1936.3. Ibid., Simon to Chamberlain, 9 April 1936.4. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/82, Markham to Jones, 3 April 1936.5. Markham papers, 9/2, Hallsworth to Markham, 6 April 1936.6. Thomas Jones papers, W 5/79, Eady to Jones, 7 April 1936.7. Ibid., T 1/83, Markham to Jones, 8 April 1936.8. Markham papers, 7/13, Markham, Meeting on Wednesday, 22nd April 1936.9. AST 12/22, UAB 60th mtg., 23 April 1936, Appendix A.10. Ibid., UAB 60th mtg., 23-24 April 1936.11. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/88, Markham to Jones, 5 June 1936.12. CAB 23/84, Cab. 44(36), 25 June 1936.13. Thomas Jones papers, T. 1/85, Markham to Jones, 10 May 1936.14. Ibid., T 1/84, Markham to Jones, 3 May 1936.15. Ibid., T 1/86, Markham to Jones, 11 May 1936.16. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1936, p. 113.17. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)9, 8 May 1936.

18. Thomas Jones papers, W 5/84, Eady to Jones, 19 May 1936.19. T 161/714/S39163/01, Barlow to Hopkins, 8 May 1936.20. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 12 mtg., 11 May 1936.21. T 161/714/S39163/01, Gilbert to Fergusson, 13 May 1936.22. Thomas Jones papers,T 1/87, Markham to Jones, 17 May 1936.23. AST 7/244, Brown to Rushcliffe, 21 May 1936.24. AST 12/23, UAB 63rd mtg., 22 May 1936, Appendix B.25. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1936, p. 175.26. AST 7/244, Rent rule: note by Parliamentary Secretary to Ministry of Labour, 21May 1936.27. AST 7/245, Eady to Phillips, 8.6.36.28. T 161/714/S39163/01, Wilson to Fergusson, 8.6.36.29. AST 12/23, UAB 64th mtg., 10 June 1936.

30. AST 7/244, Test sample in certain areas in Scotland, May 1936.31. Ibid., Eady to Price, 21 May 1936.32. CAB 27/575, UAR(34) 14th mtg., 15 June 1936.33. Ibid., UAR(34) 15th mtg., 18 June 1936.34. CAB 23/84, Cab. 45(36), 25 June 1936.35. Ibid., Cab. 47(36), 29 June 1936.36. AST 12/20-21, UAB 44th-47th mtgs., 6-27 November 1935.37. AST 7/244, Test sample in certain areas in Scotland, May 1936.38. T 161/714/S39163/01, Gilbert to Fergusson, 13 May 1936.39. AST 12/23, UAB 63rd mtg., 22 May 1936, Appendix B.40. CAB 23/84, Cab. 46(36), 29 June 1936.41. Ibid., Cab. 47(36), 29 June 1936.42. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1936, p. 205.

43. Hansard, 30 June 1936, vol. 314, col. 223.44. Thomas Jones papers, W 5/87, Eady to Jones, 30 June 1936.45. AST 12/23, UAB mtg. (unnumbered), 2 July 1936.

Ref/13


14/27

Chapter 171. Hansard, 22 June 1936, vol. 313, col. 1439, 1446-1447, 1534, 1540.2. Chamberlain papers, NC 18/1/968, NC to Ida Chamberlain, 4 July 1936.3. Ibid., NC 18/1/969, NC to Hilda Chamberlain, 11 July 1936.4. Cmd. 5228, 1936, pp. 11-12.

5. Cmd. 5229, 1936, pp. 29-30.6. Hansard, 22 July 1936, vol. 315, col. 765.7. Ibid., col. 513-514.8. Ibid., col. 737.9. Ibid., col. 834, 908.10. Ibid., col. 726.11. Newcastle Daily Journal, 24 July 1936.12. Thomas Jones papers, Diary, 1936, pp. 220-221.13. AST 12/21, UAB 45th mtg., 15 November 1935, and 46th mtg., 19-21 November1935.14. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 32.15. H. Graham White, Report of the Unemployment Assistance Board, The LiverpoolQuarterly, October 1936.16. AST 12/22, UAB 59th mtg., 3 April 1936.17. AST 7/689, Hancock to Eady, 27 April 1936.18. Ibid., Hancock to Bentliff, 29 April 1936.19. AST 9/87, District officers conference, 15-16 March 1938.20. AST 7/692, Liquidation of the Standstill: The position in the area of South Wales tobe covered by the Kings tour, n.d.21. J. D. Millett, op. cit., p. 76.22. Cmd. 5526, 1937, pp. 181-189.23. Ibid., p. 97.24. AST 12/8, UAB Memo. 163, 16 October 1936.25. Ibid.26. UAB Liquidation sub-committee mtg., 19 November 1936 (information supplied by

Department of Health and Social Security).27. AST 12/24, UAB 77th mtg., 14 January 1937.28. AST 12/8, UAB Memo. 181, 9 February 1937.29. Hansard, 18 February 1937, vol. 320, col. 1332.30. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 14.31. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 191, 1 March 1937.32. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 227, 5 October 1937.33. AST 12/24, UAB 78th mtg., 20-22 January 1937.34. Cmd. 5752, pp. 180-185.35. Ibid., p. 15.36. AST 12/24, UAB 90th mtg., 2 June 1937.37. Cmnd. 5752, 1938, pp. 15-16, 183-184.38. AST 12/24, UAB 91st mtg., 9 June 1937.

39. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 227, 5 October 1937.40. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 7-8.41. Hansard, 22 July 1937, vol. 326, col. 2378.42. Hansard, 18 November 1937, vol. 329, col. 542.43. AST 12/24, UAB 94th mtg., 21 July 1937.44. J. Stevenson and C. Cook, The Slump, 1977, p. 189.45. W. Hannington, Ten Lean Years, 1940, p. 146.46. The Times, 13 November 1936.47. W. Hannington, op. cit., p. 146.48. Thomas Jones papers, W 5/85, Eady to Jones, 4 June 1936.49. Ibid., T 1/93, Markham to Jones, 15 August 1936.50. Ibid., Diary, 1936, pp. 240-241.51. Hansard, 10 November 1936, vol. 317, col. 706.

52. AST 12/24, UAB 91st mtg., 9 June 1937.53. Hansard, 22 May 1935, vol. 302, col. 351.54. Ibid., 12 March 1936, vol. 310, col. 2280.

Ref/14


15/27

55. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 15.56. Hansard, 26 May 1936, vol. 312, col. 1823-1824.57. Hansard, 30 June 1936, vol. 314, col. 224-227.58. Hansard, 2 July 1936, vol. 314, col. 583-584.59. Local Government Chronicle, 11 July 1936, no. 3630, p. 519.60. AST 7/57, Phillips to Eady, 25 January 1935.

61. Ibid., Eady, The statutory relations between the Minister and the Board, 4 March1935.62. Ibid., Eady to Rushcliffe and Strohmenger, 5 March 1935.63. LAB 2/1993/SE467/42, Dale to Deputy Secretary, 17 May 1935.64. AST 7/116, Strohmenger to Phillips, 8 August 1935.65. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/81, Markham to Jones, 22 March 1936.66. AST 7/53, Eady to Phillips, 24 April 1936.67. Markham papers, 9/2, Hallsworth to Markham, 6 April 1936.68. LAB 2/1993/SE467/42, Gould to Blundun, 18 February 1938.69. AST 7/57, correspondence, January-February 1937.

Chapter 181. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, p. 35.2. AST 7/53, Hancock to Eady, 13 January 1936.3. Ibid., Eady to Strohmenger and Rushcliffe, 22 January 1936.4. Ibid., Strohmenger to Rushcliffe, 23 January 1936.5. R. C. Davison, British Unemployment Policy since 1930, 1938, pp. 81-82.6. P. Hill, The Unemployment Services, 1940, p. 63n.7. Cmd. 5752, 1938, pp. 27-29.8. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 201, 5 April 1937.9. Ibid., UAB Memo. 208, 21 April 1937.10. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 195.11. AST 12/24, UAB 92nd mtg., 15-16 June 1937.12. P. Hill, op. cit., p. 70.13. AST 12/24, UAB 89th mtg., 6 May 1937.

14. AST 7/20, Williams to Bullard, 14 April 1937.15. AST 7/124, Bullard to Ure, 16 October 1936.16. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 201, 5 April 1937.17. P. Hill, op. cit., pp. 65-66.18. AST 7/152, 1st mtg. of Consultative Committee of Local Authorities (England andWales), 22 January 1935.19. AST 7/177, Owen to Reid, 29 January 1935.20. Cmd. 5752, 1938, pp. 28-29.21. AST 7/153, Watson to district officers, 15 February 1937.22. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 239, 11 January 1938.

Chapter 191. Cmd. 5526, 1937, pp. 163-178.

2. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 154, 28 September 1936.3. AST 12/8, UAB Memo. 168, 23 November 1936.4. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 10.5. AST 13/20, Circular DO 5/35, January 1935.6. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 167.7. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 154, 28 September 1936.8. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 68, 77.9. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 68.10. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 71.11. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 68.12. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 165.13. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 242.14. Ibid., pp. 84, 98, 119, 187, 197.

15. Ibid., pp. 68-71, 156-157.16. AST 7/172, Francis to Strohmenger, 10 January 1935.17. J R Jarmain, Housing Subsidies and Rents, 1948, pp. 211-213.

Ref/15


16/27

18. Housing (Rent Rebates) Regulations (Scotland) 1937, S R & O 1937/457/S24.19. AST 7/166, Eady to Strohmenger and Reid, January 1937.20. AST 13/20, Circular DO 4/35, January 1935.21. AST 7/226, Batterbury to Reid, 9 March 1935, and subsequent correspondence.22. AST 7/172, Bicknell, 20 May 1936.23. Ibid., Discussion with deputy chairman on rent rebates, 20 April 1937.

24. Ibid., Ibberson to Fieldhouse, 1 October 1938.25. AST 7/228, Hancock to Town Clerk, Cowdenbeath, 3 April 1935.26. Glasgow Evening Times, 30 December 1936.27. AST 7/228, Dickenson to Hope-Wallace, n.d.28. Ibid., Middleton Smith to Division C, 27 October 1936.29. AST 12/48, UAB Assessment Sub-Committee mtg., 17 November 1937.30. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, p. 38.31. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 155, 29 September 1936.32. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 190.33. AST 12/8, UAB Memo. 179, 2 February 1937.34. AST 12/25, Assistance Board 14th mtg., 20 December 1940.35. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 212, 29 May 1937.36. AST 12/24, UAB 90th mtg., 2 June 1937.37. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 147.38. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 212, 29 May 1937.39. Ibid.40. Hansard, 29 February 1940, vol. 357, col. 67-69.41. AST 12/25, Assistance Board 39th mtg., 4 June 1942.42. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 95.43. AST 13/1, Circular A 3/34, December 1934.44. Ibid., Circular A 19/35, 9 February 1935.45. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 43.46. AST 13/1, Circular A 49/36, October 1936.47. Ibid., Circular A 36/37, 28 April 1937.48. AST 7/175, Walker to Divison A, 18 January 1935; Reid to Walker, 24 January 1935;

Walker to Reid, 8 April 1935.49. Ibid., Audit report on Shoreditch area office, 20 December 1939.50. Ibid., Errington to district officer, Cardiff, 3 May 1937, and subsequentcorrespondence.51. Ibid., J.G. McKie, 23 August 1937.52. Ibid., Reid to Town Clerk, Cardiff, 3 November 1937; Bentley to Secretary, 24 April1939.53. Hansard, 27 April 1939, vol. 346, col. 1283-1284.54. AST 7/175, Cardiff Advisory Committee mtg., 25 July 1939.55. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 92.56. Cmd. 4339, 1933, pp. 7, 24.57. AST 12/15, UAB 4th mtg., 26 July 1934.58. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 93.

59. AST 7/87, Audit reports.

Chapter 201. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 194, 5 March 1937.2. R.C. Davison, op. cit., p. 83.3. LAB 2/1999/SE600/36 Pt. I, Grundy, Procedure for giving effect to the scheme ofUnemployment Assistance, 27 January 1934.4. MH 57/207, Pell to Francis, 27 Feb. 1933.5. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 9, 19 July 1934.6. AST 12/15, UAB 4th mtg., 23-25 July 1934.7. Unemployment Assistance (Determination of Need and Assessment of Needs)Regulations 1936 (S R & O 1934/1424), reg. III.8. AST 7/281, Gould to Whetmath, 23 July 1936.

9. AST 7/36, Eady to Strohmenger, 24 August 1934.10. Unemployment Assistance (Determinations) Provisional Rules 1935, para. 2(d).11. LAB 2/1999/SE600/36 Pt. 1, Grundy to Reid, 4 November 1933.

Ref/16


17/27

12. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 5, May 1934.13. AST 12/46, Sub-Committee on Procedure, 1st mtg., 5 October 1934.14. Hansard, 3 August 1939, vol. 350, col. 2591.15. AST 12/28, Assistance Board Annual Report 1939 (proof), p. 44.16. AST 7/151, Heady to Matthews, 9 January 1937.17. AST 12/24, UAB 79th mtg., 28 January 1937.

18. AST 7/151, Reid to Nicholson, 25 January 1937; Nicholson to Reid, 29 January 1937;Reid to Nicholson, 2 February 1937.19. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 194, 5 March 1937.20. Ibid., UAB Memo. 198, 15 March 1937.21. AST 7/151, Eady to Phillips, 19 March 1937.22. AST 13/1, Circular A 22/37, 30 March 1937.23. AST 9/24, The London Committee - Memorandum No. 1: The Special Problems ofLondon, 21 November 1938.24. AST 9/109, Osmond to Matthews, 21 June 1937.25. P. Hill, op. cit., p. 173.26. Ibid., p. 172.27. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 98.28. P. Hill, op. cit., p. 171.29. AST 9/109, Osmond to Matthews, 21 June 1937.30. AST 12/48, Memorandum for Assessment Sub-Committee, 27 November 1937.31. AST 7/151, Heady to Matthews, 9 January 1937.32. AST 12/48, Memorandum for Assessment Sub-Committee, 27 November 1937.33. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 31.34. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p.60.35. AST 7/299, Reid to district officers, 25 March 1937.36. AST 9/24, London Committee Memo. No. 1: The Special Problems of London, 21November 1938.37. Ibid., Committee on London Problems, policy sub-committee, 1st mtg., 15December 1938.38. AST 13/1, Circular A 38/37, 13 May 1937.

39. AST 9/109, Wright to Batterbury, 6 May 1937.40. AST 9/24, London Committee Memo. No. 1: The Special Problems of London, 21November 1938.41. AST 9/109, Osmond to Matthews, 21 June 1937.42. AST 9/24, London Committee Memo. No. 1: The Special Problems of London, 21November 1938.43. Ibid., Committee on London Problems, 2nd mtg., 29 November 1938.44. Ibid., Committee on London Problems, policy sub-committee, 1st mtg., 15December 1938.45. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 20-21.

Chapter 211. AST 7/36, Reid to Strohmenger, 25 June 1934.

2. AST 12/15, UAB 4th mtg., 23-25 July 1934.3. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 22.4. Hansard, 30 July 1936, vol. 315, col. 1696.5. AST 7/199, Middleton Smith to Wiltshire, 16 February 1937.6. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 193, 3 March 1937.7. Ibid., UAB Memo. 204, 13 April 1937.8. AST 7/199, Hughes-Gibb to Reid, 22 April 1937; Nicholson to Reid, 23 April 1937;Wiltshire to Reid, n.d. (April 1937); Reid to Wiltshire, 29 April 1937.9. AST 7/382, Addyman to Thomas, 12 December 1938; Addyman to district officers, 1February 1939.10. Ibid., Bentley to Fieldhouse, 8 January 1940.11. AST 7/199, Hanchard to Gardner, 30 March 1939.12. AST 13/1, Circular A 3/34, December 1934..

13. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 193, 3 March 1937.14. AST 13/1, Circular A 42/37, 5 June 1937.15. AST 7/199, Brockie to Ibberson, 16 May 1938.

Ref/17


18/27

16. Ibid., Ibberson to Fieldhouse, 13 March 1939.17. Ibid., Audit report on Crook area office, 19 July 1939.18. AST 13/1, Circular A 3/34, December 1934.19. AST 7/199, Middleton Smith to Wiltshire, 16 February 1937.20. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 193, 3 March 1937.21. AST 12/48, Assessment sub-committee mtg., 10 March 1937.

22. Ibid., Assessment sub-committee mtg., 17 March 1937.23. AST 13/1, Circular A 42/37, 5 June 1937.24. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 106.25. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 104.26. AST 7/199, Hanchard to Gardner, 30 March 1939.27. Ibid., Ibberson to Gardner, 5 June 1939.28. Ibid., Gardner to Ibberson, 6 June 1939.29. Ibid., Anderson to Secretary, 15 June 1937.30. Ibid., Audit reports, 18 and 25 August 1938.31. AST 9/87, District officers conference, 16 March 1939.32. AST 7/199, Middleton Smith to Wiltshire, 16 February 1937.33. AST 13/1, Circular A 42/37, 5 June 1937.34. Pilgrim Trust, Men Without Work, 1938, pp. 204-205.35. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 77.36. AST 7/305, Glen to Batterbury, 4 October 1938.37. Cmnd. 6615, 1976, p. 20.

Chapter 221. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 9, 19 July 1934.2. Hansard, 8 June 1937, vol. 324, col. 1588.3. AST 12/24, UAB 92nd mtg., 15-16 June 1937.4. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 220, 10 July 1937.5. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 226, 1 October 1937.6. AST 7/295, Hancock to King, 15 September 1937.7. Ibid., Note of meeting, 22 September 1937; King to Eady, 29 September 1937.

8. AST 7/295, Law Officers opinion, 19 October 1937.9. Ibid., Barlow to Phillips, 27 October 1937.10. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 23.11. AST 13/1, Circular A 84/37, 26 October 1937.12. P. Hill, op. cit., pp. 179-180.13. AST 7/413, Reynard to Reid, 4 February 1939.14. Hansard, 23 December 1937, vol. 330, col. 2177; 19 May 1938, vol. 336, col. 553.15. AST 12/50, Regional officers conference, 22 November 1937.16. Hansard, 4 November 1937, vol. 328, col. 1088.17. Ibid., 22 November 1937, vol. 329, col. 857-858; 29 November 1937, vol. 329, col.1711-1712.18. AST 12/24, UAB 106th mtg., 23-25 March 1938.19. CAB 24/276, CP 97(38).

20. Hansard, 9 May 1938, vol. 335, col. 1231.21. W. Hannington, Ten Lean Years, 1940, p. 215.22. AST 7/349, Hancock to King, 1 April 1938; Nicholson to Reid, 11 April 1938; King toHancock, 19 April 1938.23. Unemployment Assistance (Winter Adjustments) Regulations 1938, S. R. & O.,1938/806.24. Hansard, 18 July 1938, vol. 338, col. 1947-1948, 1955-1956.25. AST 7/369, Brockie to Rouse, 6 September 1938.26. AST 12/24, UAB 114th mtg., 21 September 1938.27. AST 7/369, Hancock to Reid, 7 October 1938.28. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 19.29. AST 13/1, Circular A 52/38, 8 October 1938.30. Hansard, 15 December 1938, vol. 342, col. 2145-2146.

31. W. Hannington, op. cit., p. 220.32. Ibid., pp. 222-232.33. Ibid., pp. 228-229.

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34. AST 7/369, Glen to Secretary, 18 November 1938.35. Ibid., Middleton Smith to Darlow, 24 November 1938.36. Ibid., District officers conference, 16 March 1939.37. AST 12/24, UAB 132nd mtg., 23 August 1939.38. Ibid.39. Cmd. 6490, 1943, pp. 3-4.

40. Hansard, 27 September 1939, vol. 351, col. 1354.41. Ibid., 5 October 1939, vol. 351, col. 2061-2062.42. AST 7/705, Bullard, 6 October 1939; King, 12 October 1939.43. Thomas Jones papers, C 17/54, Reid to Jones, 27 October 1939.44. AST 12/12, UAB Memo. 324, 24 October 1939.45. AST 12/24, UAB 135th mtg., 24-25 October 1939.46. AST 7/705, Assessment sub-committee mtg., 24 October 1939.47. AST 12/24, UAB 135th mtg., 24-25 October 1939.48. AST 7/705, Tribe to Reid, 13 November 1939.49. T 161/997/S45590, Tribe to Gilbert, 15 November 1939.50. AST 7/705, Reid to Tribe, 14 November 1939.51. AST 12/24, UAB 137th mtg., 16 November 1939.52. T 161/997/S45590, Tribe, 21 and 22 November 1939.53. Ibid., Tribe to Gilbert, 22 November 1939.54. Ibid., Simon to Brown, 23 November 1939.55. Ibid., Brief for meeting of Ministerial Committee on Economic Policy, 24 November1939.56. CAB 72/1, pp. 99-102.57. The Times, 18 November 1939.58. AST 7/705, Rushcliffe to Brown, 30 November 1939.59. AST 12/24, UAB 138th mtg., 29 November 1939.60. Ibid., UAB 139th mtg., 4 January 1940.61. Hansard, 12 December 1939, vol. 355, col. 1110-1111, 1124.62. CAB 72/2, p. 137.63. AST 7/704, Reid to district officers, 15 November 1939; Reid to Rushcliffe, 23

November 1939.64. AST 7/705, Middleton Smith to Batterbury, 24 November 1939.

Chapter 231. AST 14/17, King to Ryan, 8 November 1934.2. Cmd. 5177, 1936, pp. 125-126.3. R.C. Davison, British Unemployment Policy since 1930, 1938, p. 116.4. Cmd. 4861, 1935, p. 31.5. Cmd. 2736, 1926, pp. 117-118.6. Cmd. 3333, 1929, p. 33.7. Cmd. 3579, 1930, p. 30.8. Ibid., pp. 31-32, 37-38.9. Ibid., pp. 38-39.

10. CAB 24/209, CP 37(30).11. CAB 27/439, UP(3)22.12. Cmd. 4281, 1933, p. 30.13. Cmd. 4861, 1935, pp. 31-33, 112.14. T 161/650/S27334/08, Grieve, Government Training and Instructional Centres,addendum, 25 July 1935.15. W. Hannington, Ten Lean Years, 1940, p. 192.16. Ibid., pp. 184-191.17. Hansard, 16 March 1939, vol. 345, col. 575.18. AST 10/5, Preliminary notes on training, welfare, provision of work or usefuloccupation, n.d. (1934).19. PIN 6/77, Bowers to Secretary, 26 September 1933.20. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 58.

21. AST 10/5, Discussion between representatives of Ministry of Labour and UAB, 15January 1935.22. Ibid., Owen to Wiles, 30 January 1935.

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23. Ibid., Douglas to Owen, February 1935.24. AST 12/8, UAB Memo. 170, 27 November 1936.25. Ibid.26. AST 10/5, Owen to Eady, 5 April 1935.27. Ibid., Note of meeting, 8 April 1935.28. AST 12/19, UAB 34th mtg., 21-22 May 1935.

29. AST 12/20, UAB 36th mtg., 12-13 June 1935.30. AST 10/5, Conference on training policy, 25 October 1935.31. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 111, 26 November 1935.32. P. Addison, The Road to 1945, 1975, p. 244.33. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 114, 13 January 1936.34. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 139, 22 April 1936.35. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 145, 5th mtg. of standing joint committee on training policy,9 May 1936.36. AST 12/8, UAB Memo. 170, 27 November 1936.37. AST 12/24, UAB 76th mtg., 2 December 1936.38. AST 10/20, Eady to Reynard, 11 December 1936.39. AST 12/24, UAB 77th mtg., 14 January 1937.40. AST 13/1, Circular A 12/37, 9 March 1937.41. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 207, 21 April 1937.42. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 225, 1 October 1937.43. AST 13/1, Circular A 55/37, 25 June 1937.44. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 225, 1 October 1937.45. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 48.46. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 28.47. Ibid., p. 26.48. AST 12/11, UAB Memo. 288, 30 November 1938.49. Ibid., UAB Memo. 282, 31 October 1938.50. Ibid., UAB Memo. 281, 26 October 1938.51. Ibid., UAB Memo. 288, 30 November 1938.52. AST 9/87, District officers conference, 17 March 1939.

53. AST 13/1, Circular A 28/39, 6 July 1939.54. Cmd. 8632, 1952, pp. 14-16.55. Cmd. 5752, 1938, pp. 34-35; Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 28.56. Cmd. 5752, 1938, pp. 35-36.57. AST 12/4, UAB Memo. 48, 27 November 1934.58. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 262, 28 May 1938.59. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/145, Markham to Jones, 4 December 1938.60. AST 10/30, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Memo. to Committee of Enquiryinto Land Settlement Shemes for Unemployed Persons, 7 October 1938.61. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 67, 22 January 1935.62. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 31-32.63. Interview with Mr Reginald Hobbins, 4 May 1982.64. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 39.

65. Ibid., pp. 36-37; Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 33.

Chapter 241. AST 7/280, District officer, Liverpool, to Secretary, 23 November 1939.2. AST 7/129, Blight to Eady, 29 November 1935.3. AST 7/79, Bullard to district officer, Manchester, 9 July 1937.4. AST 13/20, Circular DO 9/36.5. AST 7/124, Bullard to Ure, 16 October 1936.6. AST 7/344, Consultative committee of local authority officers, 6th mtg., 27 Jan.1938.7. AST 7/280, King to Secretary, 31 December 1938.8. AST 13/21, Circular DO 19/39, 31 May 1939.9. AST 7/330,passim.

10. AST 7/539, Note for Sir William Beveridge on the treatment of difficult cases, 30December 1941.11. AST 7/204, Gardner to Secretary, 11 October 1940.

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11a. AST 12/28, Assistance Board Annual Report 1939, p. 60.12. AST 7/539, Note for Sir William Beveridge on the treatment of difficult cases, 30December 1941.13. AST 9/86, Darlow to Secretary, 23 September 1935.14. AST 7/293, Curwen to district officer, Newcastle, 12 January 1937.15. AST 12/49, Training and welfare sub-committee, 7th mtg., 26-27 January 1937.

16. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 187, 18 February 1937.17. AST 12/49, Training and welfare sub-committee, 7th mtg., 26-27 January 1937.18. AST 7/79, Duchess of Atholl to Betterton, 8 January 1934, and subsequentcorrespondence.19. AST 7/204, Rowell, 25 September 1937.20. AST 7/312, District officer, Norwich, to Secretary, 19 July 1938; Hepburn toFieldhouse, 3 August 1938; Fieldhouse to Hepburn, 6 August 1938.21. AST 13/1, Circular A 47/35, 31 May 1935.22. AST 7/539, Note for Sir William Beveridge on the treatment of difficult cases, 30December 1941.23. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 141, 25 April 1936.24. AST 7/539, Note for Sir William Beveridge on the treatment of difficult cases, 30December 1941.25. AST 13/1, Circular A 76/35, 9 September 1935.26. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 141, 24 April 1936.27. AST 13/1, Circular A 38/37, 13 May 1937.28. AST 12/50, Regional officers conference, 25 April 1938.29. AST 7/319, Ebbw Vale advisory committee mtg., 19 May 1938; Fieldhouse toAnderson, 10 June 1938.30. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 78-79.31. AST 9/24, London Committee Memo. No. 1: The Special Problems of London, 21November 1938.32. Hansard, 18 July 1938, vol. 338, col. 1864, 1939-1940.33. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 62, 9 January 1935.34. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 112.

35. AST 7/204, Bullard to Wilkinson, 17 October 1938.36. AST 10/12, Reid to Phillips, 6 January 1939.37. AST 7/204, Bullard to Gardner, 9 September 1938.38. AST 7/124, Summary of section 40(2)(d) determinations, October 1936.39. AST 7/204, Bullard to Wilkinson, 17 October 1938.40. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 23, 111-112.41. AST 7/197, McCullough to Bullard, 24 October 1938.42. Cmnd. 5228, 1973, pp. 106-110.43. AST 7/204, Gardner to Secretary, 4 October 1938.44. Cmd. 8632, 1952, pp. 15-16.45. Cmnd. 1730, 1962, p. 37.46. Hansard, 26 February 1934, vol. 286, col. 849-850, 853-854.47. AST 10/1, Osmond to Reid, 9 July 1934.

48. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 62, 9 January 1935.49. AST 10/1, Osmond to Reid, 9 July 1934.50. AST 10/2, Osmond to Ryan and Eady, 29 September 1934.51. Markham papers, 7/11, Mr Eady: Statement, n.d.52. AST 10/2, Osmond to Ryan and Eady, 29 September 1934.53. AST 12/17, UAB 20th mtg., 16-17 January 1935.54. W. Hannington, Ten Lean Years, 1940, pp. 193-197.55. AST 12/24, UAB 110th mtg., 1 June 1938.56. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 22, 112.57. AST 7/378, Ure to Gardner, 11 April 1939.58. Ibid., District officer, Hanley, 4 October 1938.59. AST 12/24, UAB 84th mtg., 3 March 1937.60. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 190, 24 February 1937.

61. AST 10/12, Owen to Reid, 26 November 1937.62. Ibid., Conference, 21 February 1938.63. AST 12/24, UAB 105th mtg., 9 March 1938.

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64. AST 12/49, Training and welfare sub-committee mtg., 6 July 1938.65. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/136, Markham to Jones, 29 July 1938.66. T 161/1397/S43635, Watson to Tribe, 5 September 1938.67. Ibid., Tribe to Barlow, 12 September 1938.68. AST 10/12, Tribe to Graham, 17 July 1939.69. AST 12/50, Regional officers conference, 9 December 1938.

70. AST 12/11, UAB Memo. 297, 17 January 1939.71. AST 12/24, UAB 132nd mtg., 23 August 1939.72. AST 10/12, Plumb, Work Centres, 26 February 1940.73. AST 12/28, Assistance Board Annual Report 1939 (proof), p. 20.74. Cmd. 5752, 1938, pp. 4-5.75. AST 13/20, Circular DO 47/37, 17 November 1937.76. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 250, 22 February 1938.77. AST 12/11, UAB Memo. 287, November 1938.78. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 46-49.79. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/140, Markham to Jones, 16 October 1938.80. Cmd. 6021, 1939, pp. 46,48,50.81. AST 12/11, UAB Memo. 287, November 1938.82. AST 13/27, Circular G 100/38, 26 August 1938.83. AST 13/1, Circular A 24/39, 21 June 1939.

Chapter 251. AST 13/1, Circular A 20/36, 31 March 1936.2. Ibid., Circular A 49/36, October 1936.3. Cmd. 5177, 1936, pp. 41-44.4. Ibid., pp. 110, 131, 148, 164, 172, 178, 185, etc.5. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 27.6. Hansard, 15 March 1939, vol. 345, col. 421.7. AST 7/315, Middleton Smith to Darlow, 22 September 1938.8. Hansard, 3 August 1939, vol. 350, col. 2592.9. AST 7/315, District officers conference, 16 March 1939.

10. AST 7/350, Rook, Examination of degree to which normal four weekly review iswaived in Mansfield and Norringham II Areas ..., n.d. (1938).11. AST 7/205, Fieldhouse to Reid, 11 February 1937.12. AST 9/86, Darlow, note for discussion at district officers conference on 29November 1935, n.d.13. AST 7/889, Circular DO 64/35, 1 November 1935.14. Ibid., Ure, 5 August 1937.15. AST 7/315, Middleton Smith to Darlow, 22 September 1938.16. AST 7/205, Reid to Eady, 8 November 1937.17. AST 7/315, District officers conference, 16 March 1939.18. AST 7/339, DO (Durham) Memo. no. 174, 29 January 1937.19. AST 7/350, Rook, Examination of degree to which normal four weekly review iswaived in Mansfield and Norringham II Areas ..., n.d. (1938).

20. AST 7/315, District officers conference, 16 March 1939.21. AST 7/686, Robinson to Strohmenger, 11 January 1935.22. AST 7/315, Middleton Smith to Darlow, 22 September 1938.23. Ibid., Addyman to Fieldhouse, 7 October 1938.24. AST 7/205, Hancock to Neville, 4 July 1935.25. Ibid., Neville to Hancock, 29 July 1935.26. Ibid., Hancock, Note of interview with Dr. Hill, 15 November 1935.27. Markham papers, 7/18, Policy on nutrition, 29 August 1936.28. AST 13/1, Circular A 85/37, 29 October 1937.29. Markham papers, 7/18, Baldwin to Muirhead, 29 May 1936, and subsequentcorrespondence.30. R.M. Titmuss, Problems of Social Policy, 1950, p. 511.31. CAB 23, Cab. 19(35)8, 3 April 1935.

32. AST 7/101, Meeting at Ministry of Labour, 13 March 1935.33. AST 12/19, UAB 31st mtg., 10-12 April 1935.34. T 161/669/S39863, Hopkins and Fisher, 12 April 1935.

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35. T 161/777/S41578, Gilbert, note of mtg. on 6 January 1937.36. AST 13/1, Circular A 30/37, 12 April 1937.37. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 182, 15 February 1937.38. AST 7/247, Graham to Secretary and Deputy Chairman, 26 February 1937.39. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 100, 2 November 1935.40. AST 7/145, Brown to Rushcliffe, 5 December 1935.

41. Ibid., Note of deputation of Welsh MPs to Chairman, 16 December 1936.42. Ibid., Note of deputation of MPs to Chairman, 7 December 1937.43. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 70, 30 January 1935.44. AST 14/52, King to Reid, 22 January 1935.45. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 118, 24 January 1936.46. Ibid., UAB Memo. 117, 21 January 1936.47. Markham papers, 7/10, Eady to Markham, 22 January 1936.48. Ibid., 7/10, Markham to Reid, 10 February 1936.49. AST 7/147, Reid to Town Clerk, Tynemouth, 23 July 1936.50. AST 7/272, Assessment sub-committee mtg., 8-9 December 1936.51. Ibid., Nash to Hepburn, 7 November 1938.52. Ibid., Assessment sub-committee mtg., 7 December 1938.53. Cmd. 5177, pp. 41, 110, 164, 185, 223.54. PIN 3/37, Note on clause 37(3), Unemployment Bill.55. Cmd. 4791, 1935, p. 17.56. AST 7/278, Middleton Smith to Wiltshire, 12 November 1937.57. Ibid., Hope Wallace to Bullard, 17 April 1940.58. T. Lynes, The Penguin Guide to Supplementary Benefits, 1st edition, 1972, pp. 84-85.59. Interview with Miss J Hope-Wallace, 24 May 1982.

Chapter 261. Local Government Board circular, Relief to widows and children, 8 October 1914(quoted in S. and B. Webb, English Poor Law History, Part II: The Last Hundred Years,Frank Cass, 1963, Vol. II, p. 733).

2. AST 7/206, Report of an enquiry by women officers ..., 21 February 1935.3. AST 7/218B, Glenn to Secretary, 23 February 1935.4. AST 7/685, Ure to Parker, 1 April 1939.5. Information supplied by the Charity Commission.6. T. Jones,A Diary with Letters 1931-1950, 1954, pp. 99-100.7. Personal Service League, The years work, 1936-37.8. Markham papers, 7/12, Ibberson, Report on an enquiry into the condition ofclothing and household equipment amongst applicants ..., Appendix 1, 5 April 1935.9. AST 12/2, UAB Memo. 18, 11 September 1934.10. Ibid., UAB Memo. 22, 28 September 1934.11. AST 12/16, UAB 8th-10th mtgs., 2-16 October 1934.12. AST 7/45, Ministry of Labour, Press notice, 12 December 1934.13. AST 13/1, Circular A 3/34.

14. AST 13/20, Circular DO 21/35, 20 February 1935.15. AST 12/17, UAB 20th mtg., 16-17 January 1935.16. Markham papers, 7/12, Reading to Jones, 19 February 1935.17. Ibid., 7/12, Ibberson, Report on an enquiry into the condition of clothing andhousehold equipment amongst applicants ..., Appendix 1, 5 April 1935.18. AST 7/206, Report of an enquiry by women officers ..., 21 February 1935.19. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 83, 17 April 1935.20. AST 13/1, Circular A 67/35, 19 August 1935.21. Thomas Jones papers, C 17/34, King to Jones, 16 May 1939.22. AST 9/87, District officers conference, 16 March 1939.23. AST 13/1, Circular A 67/35, 19 August 1935.24. Markham papers, 9/1, Keeling to Markham, 29 January 1935.25. Ibid., 7/12, Hallsworth, Clothing Clubs, 22 February 1935.

26. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/46, Watson, Savings scheme for replacement ofclothing and other necessaries, 25 May 1935.27. AST 12/21, UAB 49th mtg., 10-11 December 1935.

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28. Thomas Jones papers, C 15/45, Rushcliffe to Reading, 23 May 1935.29. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 84, 9 May 1935.30. AST 7/206, Eady to Phillips, 16 December 1935.31. AST 12/20, UAB 42nd mtg., 23 October 1935.32. AST 12/22, UAB 58th mtg., 18-19 March 1936.33. AST 12/20, UAB 42nd mtg., 23 October 1935.

34. Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 113.35. AST 7/206, Rouse to Lawson, 24 March 1937.36. Cmd. 5177, 1936, pp. 234-235, 248.37. AST 12/6, UAB Memo. 105, 22 November 1935.38. AST 12/50, Meeting of regional officers, 18 November 1935.39. AST 12/21, UAB 48th mtg., 4-5 December 1935.40. Thomas Jones papers, T 1/73, Markham to Jones, 4 December 1935.41. Markham papers, 9/2, Eady to Markham, 4 December 1935.42. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 66, 16 January 1935.43. AST 7/685, Morton to Ure, 30 March 1939.44. AST 12/10, UAB Memo. 219, 30 June 1937.45. AST 7/333B, County Clerk, Fife, to Secretary, 18 May 1937; Ure to County Clerk, 21June 1937.46. AST 7/685, Morton to Ure, 30 March 1939.47. Ibid., Ure to Parker, 1 April 1939.48. AST 7/277, Note of discussions between the UAB and the County Council of theWest Riding of Yorkshire ..., 25 February 1936.49. Ibid., Inter-Office Committee on Boots and Clothing, final report, 11 June 1936.50. AST 12/24, UAB 73rd mtg., 12 November 1936.51. Thomas Jones papers, W 5/85, Eady to Jones, 4 June 1936.52. AST 12/24, UAB 73rd mtg., 12 November 1936.53. AST 12/9, UAB Memo. 206, 22 April 1937.54. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 168.55. AST 7/206, Gibb to Headquarters, 5 June 1935.56. Thomas Jones papers, C 17/34, King to Jones, 16 May 1939.

57. AST 7/206, Ibberson, 5 February 1940.58. AST 7/412, Fieldhouse to King, 25 January 1939.59. AST 12/48, Assessment sub-committee mtg., 8 March 1939.60. AST 13/21, Circular DO 18/39, 30 May 1939.61. AST 1/1, Selected case papers 1935.62. AST 12/50, Meeting of regional officers, 18 October 1935.63. AST 7/698, Coules to Hill, 30 October 1937.64. AST 7/170, Hepburn to Voelcker, 14 December 1938.65. LAB 2/1449/ET1331/2/33, Goldburg, 10 March 1933.66. AST 7/206, Eady to Phillips, 20 and 28 May 1935.67. AST 7/132, Davies to Addyman, 13 December 1935; Thomas to Addyman, 13December 1935.68. Ibid., Anderson to Addyman, 3 January 1936.

69. Ibid., Thomas to Secretary, 4 February 1936.70. Ibid., Addyman, 20 December 1935.71. AST 7/206, Brief for Minister of Labour, 1938.72. Information supplied by Department of Health and Social Security.73. AST 1/5, Forms and documents, 1937-41.

Chapter 271. AST 12/7, UAB Memo. 132, 28 February 1936.2. AST 13/26, Circular G 26/36, 2 April 1936.3. AST 9/109, Matthews to district officers, 17 June 1937.4. Ibid., Draft Memorandum on the Caller Problem, February 1938.5. AST 12/11, UAB Memo. 298, 17 January 1939.6. AST 12/24, UAB 123rd mtg., 18-19 January 1939.

7. AST 13/1, Circular A 17/39, 12 April 1939.8. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 56.9. AST 7/397, Smith to G Division, 23 February 1938.

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10. AST 9/109, Draft Memorandum on the Caller Problem, February 1938.11. Ibid.12. Ibid., Osmond to Matthews, 21 June 1937.13. AST 7/397, Osmond to Darlow, 4 January 1939.14. AST 9/109, Middleton Smith to Bicknell, 8 February 1938.15. Ibid., Hart to District Officer, May 1937; Hines to Wilson, 14 May 1937.

16. Hansard, 17 November 1938, vol. 341, col. 1022-1023.17. AST 9/24, The London Committee - Memorandum No. 1: The Special Problems ofLondon, 21 November 1938.18. Ibid., 1st mtg. of Committee on London Problems, 22 November 1938.19. AST 9/109, Matthews to district officers, 22 March 1937.20. AST 13/2, Circular A 56/37, 7 July 1937.21. Ibid., Matthews to district officers, 17 June 1937.22. AST 9/80, Notes on the handling of the Caller Problem in Area Offices, 8December 1938.23. AST 9/24, 2nd mtg. of Committee on London Problems, 29 November 1938.24. AST 12/28, Assistance Board Annual Report 1939 (proof), p. 56.25. J.S. Clarke, The Assistance Board, Research Series No. 57, Fabian Society, 1941, p.22.

Chapter 281. AST 7/154, Walker to Liverpool district officer, 15 May 1935.2. AST 9/92, Pearce to Secretary, 10 September 1935.3. Markham papers, 7/14, District officers conference, 28 November 1935.4. AST 7/168, Area officers conference, Durham district, 12 December 1935.5. Ibid., Hope Wallace to Wiltshire, 9 November 1936.6. Hansard, 10 December 1936, vol. 318, col. 2137.7. AST 7/154, Fieldhouse to district officers, 21 October 1938.8. AST 9/87, District officers conference, 15-16 March 1938.9. AST 7/383, Area officers conference, Newport district, 7 November 1938.10. Ibid., Marshall to Walker, 9 November 1935.

11. AST 7/154, Fletcher to Secretary, 26 October 1935.12. Ibid., p. 167.13. Markham papers,7/14, District officers conference, 28 November 1935.14. Ibid., p. 135.15. Cmd. 5177, 1936, pp. 135, 181.16. Markham papers, 7/14, District officers conference, 28 November 1935.17. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 95.18. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 104-105, 152-153.19. AST 1/1, Selected case papers 1935.20. National Assistance Board file 1043/9 (information supplied by Department ofHealth and Social Security).21. AST 7/383, Newport district office, extract from annual report for 1939, 27 June1940.

Chapter 291. AST 13/1, Circular A 2/34, December 1934.2. Civil Service Clerical Association, The A.B.C. of the U.A.B., n.d. [1935?], pp. 10-13.3. AST 13/20, Circular DO 16/34, December 1934.4. Ibid., Circular DO 13/34, December 1934.5. AST 13/1, Circular A 8/35, January 1935.6. AST 7/72, Consultative Committee on administrative procedure between the Boardand Local Authorities, 28 October 1937.7. AST 9/76, Bentliff to Pearce, 22 September 1938.8. AST 9/80, Organisation Inspection Committee: Memo. no. 3, Staffing - DistrictOffices: Appeal Tribunals and Advisory Committees, n.d. [July 1938?].9. AST 9/87, District officers conference, 16-17 March 1939.

10. Unemployment Assistance (Appeal Tribunals) Provisional Rules, 1934, Rules 3(1),4(1).11. AST 12/3, UAB Memo. 30, 23 October 1934.

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12. AST 7/267, Ure to Solicitor,14 January 1938.13. AST 7/74, King to Reid, 10 April 1934.14. Unemployment Assistance (Appeal Tribunals) Provisional Rules, 1934, Rule 4(1).15. AST 13/1, Circular A 13/34, December 1934.16. AST 7/114, Conference of regional and district officers, 2 February 1935.17. PIN 7/156, Gould to Nicholson, 27 February 1935.

18. AST 7/223, Note for Minister, June 1936.19. Ibid., Phillips to Eady, 3 November 1936; Eady to Phillips, 18 November 1936;Phillips to Eady, 7 December 1936; Eady to Phillips, 14 December 1936.20. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, pp. 11-12.21. Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 57.22. Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 41.23. Ibid., p. 56.24. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 302; Cmd. 5526, 1937, p. 43; Cmd. 5752, p. 194; Cmd. 6021,p. 42.25. G Lach, Appeal tribunals under the National Assistance Act, 1948, in R S WPollard (ed.),Administrative Tribunals at Work, 1950, p. 55.26. PIN 3/37, Note on clause 38(5), Unemployment Bill.27. AST 13/20, Circular DO 13/34, December 1934.28. AST 7/59, Hancock, 23 July 1934.29. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)5, 19 March 1935.30. AST 7/114, Conference of regional and district officers, 2 February 1935.31. AST 7/102, Phipps to Eady, 24 February 1935.32. CAB 27/576, UAR(34)7, May 1935, p. 75; Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 302.33. AST 13/20, Circular DO 6/34, November 1934.34. AST 13/1, Circular A 13/34, December 1934.35. AST 13/20, Circular DO 23/36, 10 July 1936.36. AST 1/5, Forms and documents, 1937-41.37. AST 13/20, Circular DO 45/37, 8 November 1937.38. Unemployment Assistance (Appeal Tribunals) Provisional Rules, 1934, Rule 8(2).39. AST 13/1, Circular A 2/34, December 1934.

40. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 51.41. AST 13/1, Circular A 13/34, December 1934.42. PIN 7/156, Gould to Taylor, 25 March 1935.43. Hansard, 5 April 1935, vol. 300, col. 680.44. AST 13/20, Circular DO 31/35, 9 April 1935.45. AST 7/402, Mtg. of Consultative Committee of Local Authority Officers (England andWales), 23 February 1939.46. G Lach, op. cit., 1950, pp. 63-64.47. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 302; Cmd. 5752, 1938, p. 58; Cmd. 6021, 1939, p. 41.48. AST 7/139, Allen to Wright, 28 March 1935; Nanson to Bentliff, 5 April 1935.49. AST 13/20, Circular DO 38/35, 23 April 1935.50. AST 7/139, Jauncey, 28 October 1935; Gardner, November 1935.51. AST 7/386, Addyman to Ure, 21 April 1939.

52. Cmd. 5177, 1936, p. 302.53. AST 7/139, Bower to Jauncey, 6 March 1935; Bentliff to DO Birmingham, 18 March1935.54. AST 7/456, T G Lund to Sir W Womersley, 21 September 1940; King to Lund, 4December 1940.55. AST 13/20, Circular DO 13/34, December 1934.56. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 61, 9 January 1935; AST 13/20, Circular DO 10/35, January1935.57. AST 13/20, Circular DO 45/35, 30 May 1935.58. PIN 7/156, Letter to chairmen, March 1935.59. AST 12/5, UAB Memo. 79, 15 March 1935.60. PIN 7/156, Report on Scottish regional conference of chairmen of appeal tribunals,19 March, 1935.

61. AST 14/28, Currie to King, 18 June 1935.

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62. AST 7/251, Bentliff to Mather, 14 January 1936; Bentliff to Lascelles, 7 February1936; Harrison to Secretary, 6 April 1936; Hope-Wallace to Secretary, 26 September1936; Pepper to Nansen and Ure, 1 January 1937; Ure to Reid, 4 January 1937.63. AST 7/207, Nicholson to Secretary, 21 November 1936; Strohmenger to Eady, 4December 1936; Watson to Secretary, Treasury, 10 April 1937; Hopkins to Secretary,28 April 1937.

64. AST 7/386, Mtg. at Thames House, 23 August 1938; King to Bircham, 6 April 1939;Ure to Morton, 18 April 1939; Morton to Ure, 21 April 1939; Addyman to Ure, 21 April1939; Reid to Phillips, 27 April 1939.65. AST 7/201, Mtg. on Appeal procedure - simplification, 18 April 1939.66. Unemployment Assistance (Appeal Tribunals) (Amendment) Provisional Rules,1939, Rule 3(b).67. Unemployment Assistance (Issue of Allowances and Appeal Tribunals) Regulations,1939, Reg. 3.68. Unemployment Assistance (Appeal Tribunals) (Amendment) (No. 2) ProvisionalRules, 1939, Rule 3.

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Reinventing the dole: References

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