Reinterpreting Cultural History:
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Transcript of Reinterpreting Cultural History:
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Reinterpreting Cultural History:
Visualizing a Former Appalachian Landscape Using GIS
Joel M. StaubThe Pennsylvania State University
West Virginia GIS ConferenceMay 10, 2004
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Visualizing an Appalachian Landscape
• Background
• Study Region
• Spatial Data
• Settlement Patterns– Spatial Relationships to Rivers/Streams– Spatial Relationships to Schools
• Land-Use Activities
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Blue Ridge Mountains…
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…Shenandoah Homesteads
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…Shenandoah Homesteads
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Study Region
• Shenandoah NP• The Old Rag Hollows
– Corbin, Nicholson, and Weakley
Shenandoah NP and
the Old Rag Region Corbin, Nicholson, and
Weakley Hollows
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Spatial Data
• 1934 U.S.G.S. Topographic Map
• Five Aerial Photographs, October 1937
• 31 Stitched DEMs– 27 at 10 meters– 4 at 30 meters
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Settlement Patterns
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Settlement Patterns
Dendritic/Fan-Shaped
Linear Shaped
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Settlement Patterns
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Settlement PatternsProximity of Homes to Rivers:
#Homes 0-250 ft.250-500
ft.500-750
ft.750-
1,000 ft.1,000+
ft.
Corbin 9 5 0 1 1 2
Nicholson 29 24 4 1 0 0
Weakley 20 5 9 5 1 0
Totals
(%)
58
(100%)
34
(59%)
13
(22%)
7
(12%)
2
(3%)
2
(3%)
-- Average distances:* • Corbin = 527 ft.• Nicholson = 186 ft.• Weakley = 507 ft. • Total = 350 ft.* 1/16th of a mile = 330 ft.
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Spatial Relationships to Schools
• Low educational attainment despite the number of schools present in hollows– Intermittent school
terms– Children kept at
home to do chores– Location!
The Hull School in the 1930s
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Location of Schools
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Travel Distances to Schools
• Transportation routes to two different schools:– “A” = ~1.8 miles– “B” = ~1.5 miles– “C” = ~1.7 miles
• Topography determined distances to school
• Educational attainment?
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Land-Use Activities
• Agriculture• Orcharding• Pasture
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Land-Use Activities
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Land-Use Activities
3 acres27 rows266 trees
2 acres14 rows166 trees
1 acre7 rows68 trees
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Land-Use Activities
Land-Use Activities
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Land-Use Activities
Pasture
Agriculture
Orchards
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Conclusions
• Interpreting cultural landscapes that park officials until the 1990s neglected to acknowledge
• Used GIS to re-create the mountain hollows• Compared this cultural landscape to patterns
of the new resettlement communities
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“…within another decade a new era will have begun
in these mountains and the day of the Blue Ridge
mountaineer will have passed.”
--Margaret Hitch, 1931