Reinsurance Market Outlook: Supply Rebalance Still...
Transcript of Reinsurance Market Outlook: Supply Rebalance Still...
1 Reinsurance Market Outlook
Contents
Executive Summary: Supply Rebalance Still Positive for Cedents 2
Global Reinsurer Capital: Alternative Fills the Traditional Gap 3
Demand Remains Stable 7
Disaster Losses on the Increase; Continues Trending Below Normal 9
Wildfire Peril Faces Third Consecutive Year of Billion Dollar Payouts for Insurers 10
Rating Agency and Regulatory: Focus on Transparency 11
Contact Information 18
2 Reinsurance Market Outlook
Executive Summary: Supply Rebalance Still Positive for Cedents While acquisitions in the reinsurance market have continued throughout 2018, overall capital available to write risk remains flat from year end 2017 at USD605 billion. Despite the lack of growth, our expectation is that insurers will continue to trade reinsurance risk at similar (or better) economics given the continued macro supply increase of 20 percent, or more than USD100 billion since year end 2012.
Traditional capital showed a decline of 2 percent since year end 2017 falling from USD516 billion to USD507 billion. While net income showed a positive outcome for the first six months of the year, half year results were overshadowed by dividends, share buybacks, foreign exchange losses, and unrealized investment losses.
Alternative capital, on the other hand, built on its strong growth of USD6 billion in first quarter with a further increase of USD3 billion for second quarter, a total increase of more than 10 percent for the first half of the year. Both catastrophe bonds and increased collateralized reinsurance contributed to the growth as assets under management for larger ILS funds increased and new managers have entered.
Global insured catastrophe losses continue at a lower than normal pace despite Windstorm Friederike in Europe, historic fires in California, significant flooding and the Osaka earthquake in Japan. In fact, losses to date are lower than they’ve been in more than a decade at this point in the year.
Our expectation is for demand to remain relatively stable in long-standing lines of business for January renewals, with continued growth in newer lines. Unless a material event impacts the industry throughout the remainder of 2018, our outlook for January 2019 renewals is positive for buyers due to growing supply outpacing current demand.
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Global Reinsurer Capital: Alternative Fills the Traditional Gap Aon estimates that global reinsurer capital stood at USD605 billion at June 30, 2018, stable relative to the end of 2017. This calculation is a broad measure of the capital available for insurers to trade risk with. Traditional capital fell by USD9 billion to USD507 billion (-2 percent), while alternative capital rose by USD9 billion to USD98 billion (+10 percent).
Exhibit 1: Change in global reinsurer capital
Sources: Company financial statements, Aon Reinsurance Analytics, Aon Securities Inc.
17 22 19 22 24 28 44 50 64 72 81 89 98
368 388321
378447 428
461490
511 493514 516 5076% -17% 18%
18%
-3%11%
7%6% -2% 5%
2% 0%
385410
340
400
470 455
505540
575 565595 605 605
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 H12018
USD
(bill
ions
)
Traditional capital Alternative capital Global reinsurer capital
4 Reinsurance Market Outlook
Traditional capital Across the 21 companies covered in Aon’s Reinsurance Aggregate (ARA*), total equity fell by USD7 billion to USD181 billion (-4 percent). Net income of USD9.0 billion was out-weighed by dividends and share buybacks of USD7.6 billion, foreign exchange losses of USD2.1 billion and unrealized investment losses of USD6.3 billion. The latter mainly stemmed from rising interest rates in the United States.
Exhibit 2: Change in ARA* total equity
Sources: Company financial statements / Aon Reinsurance Analytics *Companies included: Alleghany, Arch, Argo, Aspen, AXIS, Everest Re, Fairfax, Hannover Re, Lancashire, MAPFRE, Markel, Munich Re, Partner Re, Ren Re, SCOR, Swiss Re, Validus and XL Catlin.
122138
114146 148 150
174 175 185 180 185 189 181
130146
122
152 157 161
184 186196 192 199 204 197
0
50
100
150
200
250
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1H2018
USD
(bill
ions
)
Common equity Preferred shares Minorities Total Equity
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The ARA companies generally reported strong premium growth in the first half of 2018. P&C net premiums earned stood at USD76 billion, up 10 percent relative to the prior year comparative period. The combined ratio improved marginally to 94.4 percent. Natural catastrophe losses were well below long-term averages at USD0.8 billion, contributing 1.0 percentage points (pp). Favorable prior year reserve development declined to USD1.2 billion, providing 1.5pp of benefit. For the first time in several years, the ordinary investment yield showed a small improvement at 2.7 percent, while unrealized losses on bonds restricted the overall return to 2.9 percent. ARA net income rose by 5 percent to USD9.0 billion, representing an annualized return on equity of 8.6 percent. This was up marginally on the 8.4 percent reported in the first half of 2017. Valuations have ticked-up, influenced by significant M&A deals involving Validus, XL Catlin, and Navigators.
Exhibit 3: Reinsurance sector performance*
Source: Aon Reinsurance Analytics *Companies included: Alleghany, Arch, Argo, Aspen, AXIS, Everest Re, Fairfax, Hannover Re, Lancashire, MAPFRE, Markel, Munich Re, Partner Re, Ren Re, SCOR, Swiss Re, Validus and XL Catlin.
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 H1 2018
Ordinary investment return
0.60.70.80.91.01.11.2
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 H1 2018
Valuation - Price to book
0%
5%
10%
15%
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 H1 2018
Return on equity
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 H1 2018
Combined ratio
6 Reinsurance Market Outlook
Alternative capital Pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, endowment funds, and high net worth individuals continue to show strong appetite for insurance risk as a standalone asset class. Larger ILS funds have shown significant growth in assets under management during 2018 and a number of new managers have entered the space. As a result, Aon estimates that alternative capital is rapidly approaching the USD100 billion threshold.
Exhibit 4: Alternative capital deployment
Source: Aon Securities Inc. Catastrophe bond issuance in the second quarter of 2018 exceeded USD4.0 billion, taking the total limit outstanding to a record high of more than USD30 billion. Pricing was below the levels seen prior to the catastrophe events in the third quarter of 2017.
Exhibit 5: Property catastrophe bond issuance
Source: Aon Securities Inc.
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 H12018
Lim
it (U
SD b
illio
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Catastrophe bonds Sidecars ILWs Collateralized re
500 716 575 300 1,015 1,343 520 1,210 1,494 2,215 2,1703,580
3,9551,794
8102,300 592
2,095 3,303
4,4922,702 800
6,378 4,0291,356
320411
232674
5291,441
250
650925
780
2,048
1,600
2,0181,990
1,888
1,8772,075
1,4251,850
1,353
7,859
2,8303,396
4,8504,271
5,8557,141
8,027
6,271 5,790
10,681
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
USD
mill
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Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
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Demand Remains Stable Overall demand remains relatively stable for the industry with a number of regions considering additional capacity given today’s value proposition for risk transfer.
US reinsurance premium ceded When looking at US premium transferred, the total share across all lines remains relatively unchanged, up 0.3 percent from 12.6 percent to 12.9 percent for 2017. That said, total premiums ceded to non-affiliates increased by more than USD5.5 billion from 2016 to 2017 with the strongest growth percentage coming from specialty lines.
Exhibit 6: US ceded premium to non-affiliates as a percentage of gross written premium excluding assumed affiliates
Source: Aon Reinsurance Analytics
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Property Casualty Property and casualty Specialty
8 Reinsurance Market Outlook
US primary rate changes According to the Council of Insurance Agents and Brokers, US primary rates have increased for commercial auto, commercial property, general liability and umbrella. While the strongest annualized increase shown is in commercial auto (8.0 percent), commercial property rates increased 2.5 to 3.5 percent for the last 3 quarters ending prolonged decreases since the end of 2013. Albeit small, umbrella turned positive for the first time in 2018, showing slight increases again following declines since the end of 2014. Workers’ compensation continues its decline averaging 2.5 percent reductions over the last 2 quarters and not having seen an increase since the end of 2014.
Exhibit 7: US primary pricing trend
Source: Council of Insurance Agents and Brokers
50%
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90%
110%
130%
150%
170%
190%
210%
230%
250%
Commercial auto Commercial propertyGeneral liability UmbrellaWorkers' compensation
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Disaster Losses on the Increase; Continues Trending Below Normal An active period from late June into August saw insured losses from global catastrophes begin to accumulate as the calendar turns deeper into the third quarter of the year. Public and private insurance agencies have now sustained losses of at least USD29 billion. This tally, which is preliminary and subject to change, equals just 52 percent of the 10-year average for first, second, and third quarters (USD56 billion) and 66 percent of the median (USD44 billion). Given this trend, claims payments from natural disasters are currently on pace to be much lower than what incurred in 2017. Through the first eight months of 2018, the severe convective storm peril (USD13 billion) remains the costliest globally, with most of those losses occurring in the United States following a very active late spring and summer for hailstorms across the Rockies, Plains, and Midwest. SCS losses for US insurers have topped USD10 billion in every year since 2008, and 2018 is expected to be the eleventh consecutive occurrence of losses exceeding that threshold.
Through the middle of the third quarter 2018, the costliest insured events included: Windstorm Friederike in Europe, multiple outbreaks of severe weather and two major winter storms in the United States, and significant July flooding and the Osaka earthquake in Japan.
Exhibit 9: Global insured losses by peril through third quarter 2018
Source: Aon Reinsurance Analytics
As seen in exhibit 6, insurance-related catastrophe losses in 2018 are currently on pace to be significantly less than what was incurred last year. Despite current expectations of a below normal Atlantic Hurricane Season, this does not eliminate the potential for a costly landfalling event in the US or the Caribbean.
For the most up-to-date global catastrophe loss data for 2018, and other historical loss information, please visit Aon’s Catastrophe Insight website: http://bit.ly/aon-catastrophe-insight.
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Drought Earthquake EU windstormFlooding Other Severe weatherTropical cyclone Wildfire Winter weather
10 Reinsurance Market Outlook
Wildfire Peril Faces Third Consecutive Year of Billion Dollar Payouts for Insurers The wildfire peril has historically been an important one for the insurance industry, but one which was primarily never seen as having annual years with multi-billion-dollar payouts. Wildfire losses are typically very volatile on an annual basis. Years such as 2017, 2016, 2007, 2003, and 1991 were reasonably seen as outliers. However, the ongoing 2018 summer fires in Northern California have insurers facing the possibility of a third consecutive year of multi-billion-dollar payouts given the substantial damage resulting from the Carr Fire and the Mendocino Complex Fire.
The 2018 fires are unusual for multiple reasons: the timing (July/August), the fire behavior, and the meteorological parameters which caused the extensive spread. California’s fire season typically does not peak until the late summer and autumn months, when Santa Ana or Diablo wind patterns tend to be most prevalent to occur. The Carr and Mendocino Complex fires were ignited during peak summer and exploded in size due to excessively dry vegetation available for fuel to burn and abnormally dry soil conditions. The significantly intense nature of the fires spawned pyrocumulus clouds that created its own atmospheric environment. This led to swirling winds that had wind speeds of up to 165 mph (265 kph)— equivalent to an EF3 tornado. The result was nearly 1,600 structures—including more than 1,075 residential homes—being destroyed in Shasta County, CA.
Exhibit 10: Largest historical wildfire insured loss events
Source: Aon Reinsurance Analytics
The July and August 2018 fires in California follow what was the costliest year ever recorded for the insurance industry with the wildfire peril in 2017. Insurers paid out more than USD14 billion in insurance claims due to fire damage around the world, almost entirely due to the October and December events in California. Other wildfire events which set local insurance industry records for claims payouts were noted in Portugal and South Africa. In the industry’s history, only ten individual fires have prompted more than USD1 billion in payouts (2018 USD). Of those 10 events, five have occurred in the last 36 months. The Carr Fire is poised to become the sixth such event.
Oct. 2017
Oct. 1991 May 2016 Oct. 2017Oct. 2007 Dec. 2017 Nov. 2003Nov. 2003 Feb. 2009 Sep. 2015
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USD
bill
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(201
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Rating Agency and Regulatory: Focus on Transparency The final A.M. Best’s Credit Rating Methodology (BCRM) adopted in October of 2017 gives additional transparency to the rating process. As A.M. Best updates company reports throughout the year, they include the assessment for each building block of a company’s rating. The below charts are based on the global (P&C, L&H, and composite) companies whose assessments have been updated through August of 2018 (about 75 percent of rated units).
Balance sheet strength The majority of companies rated under the updated criteria have a “Strongest” or “Very Strong” balance sheet strength assessment whereas very few companies (1 percent in total) are rated “Weak” or “Very Weak”. The North America region has the highest percentage of “Strongest” companies, while only 6 percent of companies in the Asia Pacific region have received the “Strongest” assessment.
While the BCAR threshold to be eligible for the “Strongest” assessment is 25 points at the 99.6 VaR, most companies achieve scores well in excess of this minimum. Similar to the prior BCAR model, the median scores are significantly higher than the minimums. For example, as shown in the below chart, the median BCAR for companies receiving the “Strong” assessment is 31 points which is well over the 25 minimum.
1% 1% 1%7% 7% 4% 2%
11%
16% 14% 17% 22%
30%
45% 42% 44%
64%
51%
30% 35% 33%
13% 6%
Total NorthAmerica
Caribbean& LatAm
EMEA APAC
1127 841 70 107 109
Strongest
Very Strong
Strong
Adequate
Weak
Very Weak
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Exhibit 8: Balance Sheet Strength Assessment – Median BCAR
Operating performance The majority of companies in our database are receiving an “Adequate” operating performance assessment. Of the 18 companies that earned a “Very Strong” assessment thus far 12 are US P&C insurers. The median 5 year combined ratio for “Very Strong” companies is 80 percent and 10 year is 82 percent with a low volatility of 6.5 (based on the standard deviation of the 5 year combined ratio).
No company has yet received a “Very Weak” assessment and only 7 companies have “Weak” operating performance so far (6 in US, 1 in Bermuda). The EMEA region is rated best in terms of operating performance with only 8 percent having a negative notch and the highest percentage of companies receiving a positive notch.
1% 1%16% 17%
10% 8% 14%
52% 52%54% 52%
52%
30% 28% 36% 39% 33%
2% 2%
Total NorthAmerica
Caribbean& LatAm
EMEA APAC
1127 841 70 107 109
Very Strong (+2)
Strong (+1)
Adequate (0)
Marginal (-1)
Weak (-2)
Very Weak (-3)
Balance Sheet Strength
Count Median BCAR
VaR 95.0
VaR 99.0
VaR 99.5
VaR 99.6
Strongest 342 75 64 59 57 Very Strong 510 71 59 53 51 Strong 184 60 46 37 31 Adequate 73 43 19 6 3 Weak 11 25 -11 -26 -45 Very Weak 7 -14 -60 -79 -85
Total 1127 70 58 52 50
-60
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VaR 95.0 VaR 99.0 VaR 99.5 VaR 99.6
Strongest Very StrongStrong AdequateWeak
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Business profile Overall, 44 percent of companies receive a negative notch for the business and 41 percent have the “Neutral” assessment. Only 13 percent of companies in our database so far have received a positive notch for this category. Of the 23 companies that received the “Very Favorable” assessment, 9 are large, global reinsurance companies. The 26 companies with a “Very Limited” business profile cite high product and geographic concentration.
Surplus size affects business profile assessment significantly:
53 percent companies with surplus greater than USD1 billion have positive assessment, followed by 40 percent “Neutral” and 7 percent “Limited”
- No negative notching in Caribbean & Latin America and the Asia Pacific region for larger companies
Only 10 out of 548 companies with surplus less than USD100 million have positive business profile assessment; 72 percent have a negative notch
2% 3% 4%
44% 48%
26% 32%33%
41% 36%71% 55% 46%
11% 11%3%
8% 17%
2% 2% 5%
Total NorthAmerica
Caribbean& LatAm
EMEA APAC
1127 841 70 107 109
Very Favorable (+2)
Favorable (+1)
Neutral (0)
Limited (-1)
Very Limited (-2)
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Enterprise risk management The vast majority (88 percent of our sample size) of companies have “Appropriate” ERM assessment, whereas only 9 percent have received a negative notch and 3 percent a positive notch. Out of the 37 companies with “Very Strong” ERM assessment so far, 30 are rated “A+” and above and 7 are rated “A”. Geographically, 27 of the 37 “Very Strong” assessments went to US insurers, 2 are domiciled in Bermuda, 1 in Canada, 1 in Asia Pacific and remaining 6 represent European companies.
No companies have yet received “Very Weak” assessment and only 17 companies have the “Weak” assessment with “-2” notch. Of the 17 “Weak” companies are 5 are in the US, 1 Caribbean, 8 in Asia Pacific and 3 are African companies.
86 companies fall under the “Marginal” ERM assessment with a “-1” notch, out of which 1 is rated “A”, 9 rated “A-“, 21 rated “B++”, and rest “B+” or lower
A.M. Best mortgage criteria In February 2018, A.M. Best finalized its criteria paper titled “Evaluating Mortgage Insurance,” which applies to primary mortgage insurers and reinsurers assuming business from mortgage insurers or the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs). For reinsurers participating on GSE transactions, a factor-based analysis is used to determine the reserve capital charges in the BCAR model. A.M. Best reviews the specific transactions covered by the reinsurer, the proportion of the transactions (and layers) covered, cessions to other reinsurers associated with the transactions and booked reserves associated with the transactions.
2% 3% 7%8% 7% 4%14% 9%
88% 89% 94% 78% 83%
3% 4% 6%
Total NorthAmerica
Caribbean& LatAm
EMEA APAC
1127 841 70 107 109
Very Strong (+1)
Appropriate (0)
Marginal (-1)
Weak (-2)
Very Weak (-3/-4)
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Wildfires A.M. Best released a briefing in August titled “Wildfires: The New Normal?”, which describes the population growth in California leading to real estate development in drier areas that are more prone to wildfires. Additionally, continued demand for construction labor and materials may increase insured losses. With A.M. Best now using an all perils view of catastrophe losses in the BCAR model, companies with California property exposure should be prepared to discuss management’s view of wildfire risk and any changes they are making in light of the 2017 and 2018 fires.
Innovation A.M. Best has acknowledged that innovation is a key component when evaluating companies. They announced that they are considering applying an innovation assessment as part of the ‘Business Profile’ building block in their BCRM analysis. A.M. Best released a survey in August to rated companies around innovation and how management teams think about innovation. While the criteria has not been drafted yet, companies can begin to highlight innovative products or processes they undergo that sets them apart from others.
US RBC changes Final adopted requirements and calculations for year-end 2017 of the Rcat remain substantially similar to what has been discussed and included in RBC filings (as informationally only) for the past several years:
Catastrophe risk charge is for 1-in-100 year net of reinsurance earthquake and hurricanes modeled losses
No tax effect offsets or reinstatement premiums should be included in the modeled losses
Companies are allowed to report modeled losses based on either an Aggregate Exceedance Probability (AEP) or Occurrence Exceedance Probability (OEP) basis but should be consistent with the company’s internal risk management process
Ceded recoverable amount is subject to 4.8 percent credit risk charge except amount ceded to reinsurers that are not subject to the RBC credit risk charge (i.e. US affiliates and mandatory pools)
Additionally, the NAIC Operational Risk Subgroup adopted the final operational risk charge into RBC during its meeting in January 2018. This new RBC charge will be effective on the 2018 Annual Statement reporting, which will be first filed in 2019. The operational charge is calculated using an “add on” approach. A flat 3 percent of total RBC after covariance is added to the RBC amount before operational charge. One offset to the operational charge is allowed for reporting entity’s charge of US direct life RBC filing insurance subsidiaries. The offset is capped to not reduce operational risk to less than zero.
16 Reinsurance Market Outlook
IFRS 17 insurance contracts With the January 1, 2021 effective date fast approaching, insurers around the world are launching or progressing on their implementation efforts. They need to have the reporting systems ready to prepare December 31, 2020 comparative information, which will accompany the January 31, 2021 results. From the cost and operational perspective, the IFRS 17 journey is expected to cost European insurers as much as Solvency II, if not more. The current status of investment and preparation stage varies across jurisdictions and companies. Some jurisdictions, such as Russia, Hong Kong, and South Korea, have declared that they will require the Standard from 2021. European insurers are awaiting the final endorsement advice to be issued by EFRAG (EU Parliament’s advisory body) in December 2018 that will precede the Parliament’s vote on adoption. Brexit negotiations are not expected to interrupt the adoption of IFRS 17 by British insurers. Regardless of jurisdictional circumstances, large composite businesses, life insurance companies, and underwriters of long duration contracts are more advanced in preparations than smaller firms or non-life insurers underwriting short duration contracts. All insurers are closely monitoring guidance issued by the IASB’s Transition Resource Group and public accounting firms.
The understanding of requirements for reinsurance contracts held, which differ slightly from those for the underlying contracts and will bring some changes to the current practice, is still evolving. The IASB indicated reinsurance as being one of the top issues on the horizon whose complexity has been underestimated. Aon has established a global IFRS 17 practice group to coordinate work of our experts in our offices around the world to help clients through:
our expertise in reinsurance contracts and the ability to help structure reinsurance covers that will optimize the new balance sheet and profit or loss,
proprietary tools, such as PathWise and ReMetrica for modeling, and
expert consultancy
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18 Reinsurance Market Outlook
Contact Information Tracy Hatlestad Global Chief Operating Officer of Analytics Aon Benfield +65 6512 0244 [email protected] Greg Heerde Head of Analytics & Inpoint, Americas Aon Benfield +1 312 381 5364 [email protected] Kelly Superczynski Head of Analytics, EMEA Aon Benfield +44 0(20) 7086 2175 [email protected]
Peter Cheesman Head of Analytics, APAC Aon Benfield +61 2 9650 0462 [email protected] Mike Van Slooten Head of Market Analysis, International Aon Benfield +44 0(20) 7522 8106 [email protected] Marie Teissier Market Analysis, International Aon Benfield +44 0(20) 7522 3951 [email protected]
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© Aon Benfield 2018. | All rights reserved. This document is is provided for the purpose of providing general information and intended for general information purposes only and should not be construed as advice or opinions on any specific facts or circumstances. The comments in this summary are based upon Aon Benfield’s preliminary analysis of publicly available information as well as aggregated insight collected by Aon Benfield. The content of this document is made available on an “as is” basis, without warranty of any kind. Aon Benfield disclaims any legal liability to any person or organization for loss or damage caused by or resulting from any reliance placed on that content. Aon Benfield reserves all rights to the content of this document. This document is not intended to serve as legal accounting or actuarial advice or guidance. © Aon Securities Inc. 2018 | All Rights Reserved Aon Securities Inc. is providing this document and all of its contents (collectively, the “Document”) for general informational and discussion purposes only, and this Document does not create any obligations on the part of Aon Securities Inc., Aon Securities Limited or their affiliated companies (collectively, “Aon”). This Document is intended only for the designated recipient to whom it was originally delivered and any other recipient to whose delivery Aon consents (each, a “Recipient”). This Document is not intended and should not be construed as advice, opinions or statements with respect to any specific facts, situations or circumstances, and Recipients should not take any actions or refrain from taking any actions, make any decisions (including any business or investment decisions), or place any reliance on this Document (including without limitation on any forward-looking statements). This Document is provided for the purpose of providing general information and is not intended, nor shall it be construed as (1) an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy reinsurance, (2) an offer, solicitation, confirmation or any other basis to engage or effect in any transaction or contract (in respect of reinsurance, a security, financial product or otherwise), or (3) a statement of fact, advice or opinion by Aon or its directors, officers, employees, and representatives (collectively, the “Representatives”). Any projections or forward-looking statements contained or referred to in this Document are subject to various assumptions, conditions, risks and uncertainties (which may be known or unknown and which are inherently unpredictable) and any change to such items may have a material impact on the information set forth in this Document. Actual results may differ substantially from those indicated or assumed in this Document. No representation, warranty or guarantee is made that any transaction can be effected at the values provided or assumed in this Document (or any values similar thereto) or that any transaction would result in the structures or outcomes provided or assumed in this Document (or any structures or outcomes similar thereto). Aon makes no representation or warranty, whether express or implied, that the products or services described in this Document are suitable or appropriate for any cedent, sponsor, issuer, investor, counterparty or participant, or in any location or jurisdiction. The information in this document is based on or compiled from sources that are believed to be reliable, but Aon has made no attempts to verify or investigate any such information or sources. Aon undertakes no obligation to review, update or revise this Document based on changes, new developments or otherwise, nor any obligation to correct any errors or inaccuracies in this Document. This Document is made available on an “as is” basis, and Aon makes no representation or warranty of any kind (whether express or implied), including without limitation in respect of the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or sufficiency of the Document. Aon does not provide and this Document does not constitute any form of legal, accounting, taxation, regulatory, or actuarial advice. Recipients should consult their own professional advisors to undertake an independent review of any legal, accounting, taxation, regulatory, or actuarial implications of acribed in or related to this Document. Aon and its Representatives may have independent business relationships with, and may have been or in the future will be compensated for services provided to, companies mentioned in this Document.