This strategy deals mainly with studentmotivation.

Students may not realize the relationshipbetween effort and achievement.

Marzano states, "Students who believe theamount of effort they put into a taskincreases their achievement actually dobetter."

Most students are not aware of the importance ofbelieving that their level of effort is related to theirachievement. (Seligman, 1990, 1994; Urdan,Migley, and Anderman, 1998).

Student’s achievement can increase when teachersshow the relationship between an increase in effortto an increase in success (Craske, 1985; VanOverwalle and De Metsenaere, 1990).

Students can learn to change their beliefs to anemphasis on effort.

Students also need opportunities totrack the relationship between effortand success.

Comparing scores on an effort rubricand a related achievement rubric canhelp create a visual representation ofthe positive effect of effort.

Feedback must be:

Responsive to specific aspects of studentwork.

Timely.

Feedback is a research-based strategy thatteachers, and students, can practice to improvetheir success.

Explicitly teach students that effort can improveachievement

Ask students to chart effort and achievement

Establish a rationale for recognition

Follow guidelines for effective and ineffective praise

Use recognition tokens

Use the pause, prompt, and praise technique

Recognize individual students for personalprogress.

Make clear the real goal of effort.

Teachers can provide concrete, nonlinguisticreinforcement and recognition for student’seffort and successes, such as stickers, happyface drawings, awards, and treats.

PAUSE, PROMPT AND PRAISE

The “pause” phase is usually initiated by theteacher, who asks the student to stopworking on the task for a moment when thestudent makes an error.

“Prompt” phase: The teacher provides thestudent with some specific suggestion forimproving his/her performance.

The “praise” element provides a furtheropportunity for feedback based on thestudent’s success.

1. Choose the five most populated cities in the world. (5 Points)

Tokyo, Japan 33,200,000

New York, USA 17,800,000

Sao Paulo, Brazil 17,700,000

Seoul, South Korea 17,500,000

Mexico, City. Mexico 17,400,000

2. Which country has the longest coastline in the world? (1 Point)

CANADA

3. Which of these US cities is the furthest north? (1 Point)

CHICAGO

4. Which is the largest country in the world (in area)? (1 Point)

RUSSIA 17,075,200 Km2

THANKS