Radical Days of Revolution and The Reign of Terror

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Quick Review

• The Bastille is stormed. This works as a first sign of French resentment towards the monarchy.

• King Louis and Marie Antoinette try to escape Paris.

• Sans-culottes and Jacobins tie together. Gain the majority in the legislative body.

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Violent Times Arise

• The King’s Guards are killed by a mob of Parisian and later attacked a prison killing 1,200 prisoners.

• Radicals take control of the Assembly and create the National Assembly.

• Suffrage-The right to vote. This is extended to ALL male citizens.

• 1792 Convention dissolves Monarchy, it establishes a Republic.

Death of a King and Queen

• Louis XVI is put on trial for treason.

• He is executed in 1793.

• Maria Antoinette is executed, with dignity, later that year.

Yet, Another Group is Formed

• The Committee of Public Safety is created to protect the revolution and support French interests, such as their war.

• A mass tax is enacted to support war efforts.

• The new government needed to keep its power, but how?

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

• Establishes a firm hand of the Committee of Public Safety.

• Seen as a tyrant by some, he declared the use of terror and violence as the only way to keep justice in France.

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The Reign of Terror

• 1793 Law of Suspects- Law that allowed “watch committees” to search for people who may possibly speak against liberty, disagree with the new government, or align with tyranny.

• This was taken advantage of by neighbors, enemies….well just about anyone who wanted to!

The Reign of Terror

• September 1793-July 1794• Hasty trials convicted several

unsuspecting French women and men.• 300,000 people were arrested, and

17,000 were executed. • The introduction and recommendation

of the Guillotine by Dr. Joseph Guillotine.

The Guillotine

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The Guillotine

• This was seen to be “equal.” This way, no hands had to touch the blood of fellow citizens.

• No more torture, you go right to the Guillotine.

• Executions became public spectacles.

• Three terrible sounds…• Video

The End of the Reign of Terror

• People became paranoid of their safety, even the ones who created this.

• Members of the Convention turned on the Committee of Public Safety, killing the radical members and Robespierre himself. They did this using the Guillotine.

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The Third Stage

• A third constitution is written forming a moderate Directory and Two-House Legislature.

• Corrupt leaders didn’t help in pressing issues, angering sans-culottes.

• Constitutional Monarchy supporters are elected, but still disliked.

• Napoleon Bonaparte is turned to by politicians, but he is quick to realize their intentions.

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Revolutionary Change

• A middle-class society dominates the new culture. Short hair and practical clothes.

• Nationalism- A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.

• State schools were established, slavery was abolished, and they had a new national anthem; “La Marseillaise”