Prepared By: Banugan, Casey L.

REHABILITATION OF INJURED ATHLETE

Rehabilitation is the act of restoring something to its original state.

The noun rehabilitation comes from the Latin prefix re-,meaning “again” and habitare, meaning “make fit.”

Rehabilitation of an athlete is his restoration to the level of his fitness after an injury.

Principles governing the rehabilitation of the injured athlete are:

1. Preserve the general fitness of the body and prevent deconditioning.

2. Functional recovery can precede anatomical healing.

3. It is important to diagnose and treat accurately.

4. Rehabilitation requires teamwork between the sports doctor, paramedical staff such as: physiotherapist and sports therapist, and the athlete. 5. The athlete must have confidence in himself and his athletic ability so that the pattern of the training and competition is restored.

Controlling swellingR-restI- iceC- compressionE- elevationReducing PainRestoring full range of motionRestoring muscle strength, endurance, powerReestablishing neuromuscular controlRegaining balanceMaintaining cardiorespiratory fitness Incorporating functional progressions

COMPONENTS OF REHABILITATION PROGRAM

Various Methods of Treatment1. Medicines

Systematic medication includes analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. (e.g aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, morphine, etc)Topical medications like ointments and salves have analgesic effect.Use of steroids with or without anesthetics should be sparingly and be only with the hands of experts.

2. Rest of a particular injured tissue.Rest should be used as little as possible.3. SurgeryFor lesions which do not spontaneously heal and which are associated with mechanical derangement, surgery is required. (eg. Medial meniscus and Achilles tendon.) 4. Physical TreatmentCold and heat compression as first-aid treatment of sports injuries.

Various forms of heat are used to stimulate local circulation and relieve pain and cause relaxation by a sensory effect.

FORMS OF HEAT STIMULATION (MACHINES)

Infrared Lamp

Ultrasound combined with low volt muscle stimulating machine

Electrical stimulation: Faradism

Diathermy Machine Whirl Pool Bath

Massage Its sensory effects may stimulate or relax the athlete prior to a competition.

Joint Manipulation and acupressure by experienced experts may be helpful.

Like conditioning exercises these include exercises for muscular strength, flexibility, muscular endurance, coordination, and speed of movement.

Lifting weights to strengthen abductor and extensor muscle:

5. Therapeutic Exercises

Heel Slides This is a knee mobility exercise to increase

the range of knee flexion at the joint.

Isometric Quads Isometric quad exercises aim to strengthen

the quads by contracting the muscle, with no, or very little movement of the knee joint.

Prolonged Knee Flexion Sitting This exercise is used to increase knee

flexion. Sometimes after a knee or thigh injury or after surgery on this area it is not possible to fully bend the knee.

KNEE, THIGH & HAMSTRING EXERCISES (EARLY STAGE)

Prolonged Knee Extension Sitting This exercise is used to help regain full

knee extension. Often after a severe knee injury or after surgery it is not possible to fully straighten the knee

Sit to Stand Exercises This is a simple exercise that works the

quadriceps in the early stages of rehabilitation after a knee injury. It is also helpful for the elderly to maintain quad strength.

Assisted Knee Flexion This exercise helps to increase the range of

knee flexion available at the joint. It is designed for the early stages of rehabilitation after a knee injury or surgery.

Isometric Quad ProneThis exercise strengthens the

quads at the front of the thigh. It is for the very early stages of a knee injury or quad strain.

Static hamstring exercisesStatic or isometric hamstring

exercises can be used in the early stages of rehabilitation for a knee injury or a hamstring strain to help prevent muscle wasting.

Isometric Shoulder Exercises Isometric shoulder exercises involve

contracting the muscle without moving the arm. They are used most often in the very early stages of rehabi l i tation where exercises involving movement may cause pain.

Scapular Squeeze Shoulder Exercise In a sitt ing posit ion with the elbows by the

side the athlete squeezes the shoulder blades together, holding for 5-10 seconds. This strengthens the rhomboids and middle trapezius.

Diagonal Plane Exercises The athlete holds one end of a resistance

band starting with the arm raised out to the side above shoulder height. The arm is pul led down across the body so that hand reaches the other hip. It is important the athlete maintains joint stabil ity.

SHOULDER EXERCISES(STRENGTHENING)

Lat Pull Down Shoulder Exercise The band is anchored at a high point with

the ends held in each hand. The athlete then pulls down.

Standing Chest Press Shoulder Exercise

Athlete anchors the elastic band at chest level and holds one end in each hand. Athlete pushes straight forwards until the elbows are straight.

Push Up against a Wall The Push-up performed against a wall

strengthens the chest muscles as well as the scapula muscles. It is an easier version of the normal press up. It can also be performed explosively later in the rehabil itation program.

Chest Pass The athlete stands one meter from a

rebound net or partner and forcefully throws a medicine ball from chest height with both hands then repeat.

Extension in prone with dumbbell Shoulder extension in a prone lying position

(on the front) to strengthen the posterior shoulder muscles and the back. Keeping the scapula depressed the athlete moves the arm and weight out backwards and upwards.

Front Raise Shoulder Exercise This front raise requires a resistance band

and strengthens the front of the shoulder. The athlete places one end of the elastic band under one foot and l ifts the arm forwards and upwards.

Upper Extremity Ball Stabilization The athlete lies on a massage table

and balances with one hand on a large swiss / gym ball. Increase difficulty by moving the arm in a circular motion.

Hand Walking on Treadmill / Stool The athlete walks on their hands

either supporting their weight on the stool or walking on their hands on a treadmill in the gym.

Wobble Board for Shoulders Wobble board exercises for shoulder

stability. Various exercises can be done by placing the weight through the arms on a wobble balance board.

Lateral Raise Shoulder ExerciseThe arm is kept straight and raised

out the side, then lowered. Band can be anchored under the foot.

Wood Chops shoulder exerciseThe wood chop shoulder exercise

improves the upper body strength and explosive strength.

Reverse Fly Shoulder ExerciseAthlete holds the resistance band

or pulley slightly below shoulder level and pulls towards chest by pulling arms backwards.

Rehab exercises for the wrist and hand should always be done pain free. The number of repetitions wil l depend on your injury or strengthening aims and stage of rehabil itation.

Assisted Supinator Stretch This stretch requires the help of a partner

or therapist to stretch the muscles which supinate the wrist (turn the hand over).

Finger Exercises with Rubber Band Rubber band exercises are a great way

for strengthening the finger extensors and is commonly used in treating tennis elbow injuries as the same muscles causing pain at the elbow, also control finger extension.

WRIST & HAND EXERCISES

Prolonged Wrist Stretches This exercise aims to increase the range of motion

into pronation and supination. Pronation is the movement of turning the hand so the palm faces downwards.

Putty Exercises (Various) Putty can be used to strengthen the smal l muscles

of the wrist and hand. This is useful after injuries such as fracture to any of the smal l bones in the hand or a wrist, thumb or finger sprain.

Wrist Extension i t is a great exercise for rehabil i tation of injuries

such as tennis elbow and sprains/fractures of the wrist.

Wrist Flexion This wrist flexion exercise can be performed with a

dumbbell as shown, or with a resistance band. I t is great for strengthening the wrist flexor muscles of the forearm after wrist and elbow injuries.

I. Stage 1A. FlexionB. ExtensionC. InversionD. EversionII. Stage 2E. Foot CirclesF. AlphabetIII. Stage 3G. Towel ExerciseH. Pick-Up ExerciseI. Toe Rise

ANKLE REHABILITATION EXERCISE PROGRAM

IV. Stage 4 A. Repeat range of motion exercisesB. Hopping exercisesC. If able to do A and B, you may now do the following:1. Active jogging and walking with

the uncle strapped.2. Sprint at full speed and run

circles.3. Run zigzag course.4. Test on the right angle quick

cuts, both to right and left.

Before the athlete can return to regular athletic competition, several goals must be met.First , the athlete must be completely free of pain and weakness and must regain full range of motion of the neck.

Second , the diagnostic tests such as the EMG and/or MRI should not reveal any active nerve damage or severe nerve compression.

Third , the athlete must be reconditioned for the sport especially if he has not competed for a while.

Fourth , improvement in the athlete's playing technique (such as blocking and tackling) and equipment modifications should be made to protect the athlete from further injury.

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The End! Thank You

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