Regulation of digestion
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REGULATION OF DIGESTION
By: Safana Sadiq
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The digestive system is controlled by both: Nerves, and
Hormones
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Autonomic Nervous System
SNS PNS
Neuronal control of digestion
Digestive system activity
Digestive system activity
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Sympathetic nerves that regulate digestion are:
The greater splanchnic nerves
The lumbar splanchnic nerves, and
The sacral splanchnic nerves
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The parasympathetic nerve that regulates
digestion are the vagus nerves.
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Hormones that control digestion are:
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Glucose insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
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Stimulates gastric juice secretion
Stimulates smooth muscle contraction
Relaxation of pyloric sphincter
Effects of gastrin
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Stimulates bicarbonate secretion
Stimulates bile production
Inhibits gastric juice secretions and gastric motility
Effects of secretin
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Stimulates bile release
Stimulates pancreatic juice secretion
Relaxation of the hepatopancreatic ampulla and opening of hepatopancreatic sphincter
Effects of cholecystokinin
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Stimulates the pancreas to begin release of
insulin
Effects of GIP
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Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase
The 3 phases of digestive regulation
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Neuronal response:
Stimuli that arouse digestion relayed to hypothalamus
Nerve impulse initiated in vagus nerve
Impulse innervates nerve network of GI tract
Contraction of sm ms & secretion of gastric juice promoted
Cephalic Phase
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The stimuli that initiates gastric phase includes:
Distension of the stomach
Low acidity
Presence of peptides
Gastric Phase
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Neural response: gastric juice secretion &
smooth muscle contraction promoted
Hormonal response: gastrin production promoted
General effect: stomach and small intestine prepare for digestion of chyme , and gastric emptying is promoted
Gastric Phase
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Neural response:
gastric secretion & gastric motility are inhibited Intestinal secretion, sm ms contraction, bile &
pancreatic juice production are promoted
Intestinal Phase
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Hormonal response: production of secretin,
CCK & GIP is promoted
General effects : gastric emptying is retarded to allow adequate time for digestion in the SI. And intestinal digestion and motility are promoted.
Intestinal Phase
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http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/
topicArticleId-277792,articleId-27770.html
http://www.aboutgastro.com/digestive-system/regulation-of-digestive-process
Reference