Emission standards to control Emission standards to control Criteria Pollutants for NRMDCriteria Pollutants for NRMD

Vivek Shettyshvi1987@gmail.com

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What is NRMDWhat is NRMDNon-Road Mobile Diesel (NRMD) Includes: Tractors Construction Equipment (Bulldozers) Industrial Equipment (Diesel Generators)

Why Emission Standards for Why Emission Standards for Non-road Mobile Diesel (NRMD) Non-road Mobile Diesel (NRMD) ??

1991 – EPA Estimated that the NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) Emitted by Non-Road Mobile Diesel (NRMD) Engines would be Responsible for ◦ 10% of the Nations NOx Levels◦ Higher in some U.S. Cities with Poorer Air Quality

State of California Projected that NRMD would Contribute ◦ 25% of the Total NOx Emissions for the Los Angeles Area by

2010

As Diesel Engines are a Major Contributor of Particulate Matter, the EPA Projected by 2010, Non-Road Diesel Engines would Emit as much as ◦ 75% of all Particulate Matter without Implementation of

Significant Changes and Standards

Approach for Regulating Approach for Regulating NRMDNRMD

In 1994 - EPA Adopted Tiered Approach to Regulating NRMD.

Each Tier (1-4) did set Limits on Four Pollutant Categories: ◦ Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) ◦ Hydrocarbons (HC) ◦ Carbon Monoxide (CO) ◦ Particulate Matter (PM)

Quantities Permitted are Based on Number of Grams per kilowatt-hour in Exhaust.

How would the target state How would the target state be met?be met?

NOx is a By-Product of Combustion that Combines in the Atmosphere to Create Smog. NOx is Controlled by Reducing the Combustion Temperature Inside the Cylinder.

HC and CO are Minor Constituents of Diesel Exhaust and are Controlled by Improving Combustion Efficiency

PM is made up of Soot Particles in Diesel Exhaust from Unburned Carbon and is Controlled by Optimizing the Combustion Temperature and Improving Combustion Efficiency

EPA’s tiered approach to EPA’s tiered approach to regulate NRMDregulate NRMD1994 – Tier 1 First Set of Emission Standards for ALL New NRMD (<37kW/59 hp) EXCEPT: Marine Applications Locomotives Phased in 1996 – 2000

1996 Statement of Principles (SOP) signed between EPA, California ARB and engine makers (including Caterpillar, Cummins, Deere, Detroit Diesel, Deutz, Isuzu, Komatsu, Kubota, Mitsubishi, Navistar, New Holland, Wis-Con, and Yanmar).

1998 – Tier 1 Final Rule Based on SOP and Established Standards for NRMD Engines < 37kw/50hp .

EPA approach to regulate EPA approach to regulate NRMDNRMD1998 – Tier 2 Standards Cover ALL NRMD.

Covered All Engine Size Categories.

Tier 2 Phase-In 2001 – 2005.

Tier 2 Covers: ◦ NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen) ◦ Unburned Hydrocarbons and ◦ Particulates.

EPA approach to regulate EPA approach to regulate NRMDNRMD2006 – Tier 3 Implemented Phase-in 2006 – 2008.

◦ Tier 3 Further Restricted Emissions for 50hp<Engines<750hp.

2007 – EPA Implements New Source Performance Standards.

◦ Stationary Engines must meet the Same Standards as NRMD.

Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Standards are Intended to be met through Advanced Engine Design only. Cannot be Achieved with Exhaust Gas After treatment.

EPA approach to regulate EPA approach to regulate NRMDNRMD2004 – Tier 4 Emission Standards Signed.

◦ Phase-in 2008-2015. ◦ 90% Reduction in Particulate Matter (PM) and

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). ◦ Applies to both Stationary and NRMD. ◦ CAN be Achieved with Control Technologies

(e.g. Exhaust Gas After treatment). ◦ Similar to On-Highway Standards.

Tier 4i (Interim) Implements 2011-2012. ◦ Gradual Phase-In for Manufacturers According to

Engine Power Category. Tier 4f (Final) Implements 2013-2015.

Thank You!Thank You!

Sources: http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/requirements.html

http://narsa.org/