Regional Tree and Shade SummitGrowing connections: Roots to Branches

City of Glendale - Park and Ride

Glendale ArizonaSports & Entertainment District

Tom Kaczmarowski, PECity of Glendale Sr. Civil Land Development Engineer24 years in materials / materials testing

Soils / concrete / roller compacted concrete / HMA / asphalt binder / geotechnical investigations and design /mix design and NOW pervious concrete

Site design - project planning - construction

Introduction

Project site12 Acres - NE corner of 99th Avenue and GlendaleArid previous farm land serviced by two arterials

Cost = $11.2 million ($3 million contributed Federal funds)388 spaces (Phase 1) + 254 (Phase 2) = 642 at build-out

Retention

Design concepts ORIGINAL concept for parking

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) on aggregate base course (ABC) with standard metal shaded canopies for parking stalls

Heat generation / tree survivability – past experiences

RE-EVALUATED (Revisited concept) Council input – sought multiple alternatives

Jacobs Engineering - ASU’s “National Center of Excellence SMART innovations for Urban Climate + Energy”City council recognized opportunities for GREEN and emerging technologies AND construct a state of the art facility AND effectively manage stormwater

Directive to EXPLORE ALTERNATIVESLID, LEED credit for stormwater management / site disturbance

Alternative design’s for Stormwater Urban Design Systems

Design charrette to look for alternative surfacing Gravel Pave – ruled out for high use area / appearance etc.Concrete Pavers – ruled out for missed green opportunity / installationPervious concrete – council intrigued after initial presentation

Academia consultation with Dr. Kamil E. Kaloush, PhD, P.E. @ ASU’s National Center for Excellence….Jacobs presentation to Council workshop on potential use of Pervious Pavement (parking areas only – PCCP in drive aisles).

Positive feedback from City Council - favorable to “GREEN” concepts with positive attributes.

Jacobs Engineering cost analysis

Installation costs for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) = $693,570 Installation for pervious concrete = $916,460

Difference of $223,070

20 year present cost evaluation (maintenance etc.)

HMA = $844,692 , Pervious concrete = $844,070

What is it ?Portland cement / aggregate / water / admixtures (15% - 25% air voids)

Benefits of pervious pavement for stormwater

Land consumption - Rule of thumb - 7% of developable siteSite basin sizing (C = 0.3 for 100 yr event) / structural storage / dry retention basin

Prevents standing water AND improves health of treesEliminates pollution (biological processes

recharges aquifer thru storage bed / basins

Oil and grease hydrocarbons removal

Heat island effectPervious concrete absorbs and stores less heat - Albedo = solar radiation reflected vs. solar radiation reaching (solar reflectance)

Perfect absorber = 0 (HMA new = 0.075, July day=160F, night=105F)

Perfect reflectors = 1 (Pervious new = 0.75, July day=110F, night 87F)

Pervious also has voids to dissipate energy

COG departmental challengesNo relevant history in southwest United States extreme hot, dry & dusty desert climate

Sparse rainfall - pore (voids) clogging (350in/hr.?)Stormwater cleaning using alternative storage / conveyanceExtreme temperatures impact / affect placement

Compressive strength samples / requirementsPotential increased maintenance costs / cleaning surfaceProduct availability for patching / maintenance

Project specificationsFor acceptance / placement staff

NRMCA – Pervious Certification (8hr. course)Voids-15% min. /20% max. Unit Weight +/- 5pcf of design Placement monitoring sequence CRITICAL to data integrity - strength – thickness – temperature (<95F)etc.Acceptance - 1600psi minimum -insufficient areas re-cored / averaged – removed & replaced

Quality Assurance placement

Future use considerations

Include – Owners, Designers, Architects, Inspectors, Contractor (personnel), suppliers, testing personnel.

Assure acceptance / rejection criteria is delineated and enforcement / penalty criteria is clear.

?? Opportunities with data ??Strengths = 1325 psi to 2900 psi = 2174 psi average Unit weight = 103.7pcf to 124.5pcf = 115.1 pcf average Temperature – 1 load >95F – possibly nighttime placementVoids= 21.3% to 34.6% Average = 27.3% Thickness 6.0” with 5.75” average – need to monitor depth of pavement overDeficient thickness in multiple cores (thickness <5.5”) –differing opinions on thickness testing measurementNEED TO MONITOR PLACEMENT – and utilize core for acceptance

Project performance

SpallingCrack propagationDifferential settlement

Future unknownsLife cycle maintenance costsBuild out of additional lot / emerging technology?Long term durability of pervious pavement surface Long term stormwater drainage flow characteristicsAvailability of replacement materials and in-house staff training for maintenance 20 year life cycle accurate ???

Community interestContacted by various development teams for potential use in commercial developmentsContacted by area utility for potential use in local facilities (storage / site etc.)Contacted by various area municipalities to discuss potential use in their communities LEED – stormwater

systems with NPDES

Project RecognitionValley Forward Association – 28th Annual Award of Merit – “Site Development and Landscape”SW Contractor – Best of 08 Awards – “Concrete”2008 PCA – Sustainable Development2009 ACI Sustainable Concrete Construction Award2009 – ASLA – General DesignACEC - Engineering Excellence Grand Award for TransportationPublications –

Roads & Bridges Rocky Mountain News

Pervious concrete references

Dr. Kamil Kaloush, PhD., P.E. – ASU Smart Technology CenterStew Waller (Previously with Arizona Cement Association)Ken Ricker of RAMM Engineering – Specs. & Testing Mark Wavering / Pam Iacovo – Jacobs Mike Riggs (Owner) Progressive Concrete Works Inc. –Placement Contractor Pervious Concrete You tube videoASU National Center of Excellence “Pervious Concrete: Questions Answered” January 17, 2007National Redi-Mix Concrete Association (NRMCA)-Pervious Certification Course

Thanks…