Regional Power for Clean Transport, Oslo 31 of … transport/Presentasjoner...Regional Power for...
Transcript of Regional Power for Clean Transport, Oslo 31 of … transport/Presentasjoner...Regional Power for...
Infrastructure development -
Clean energy, hydrogen, natural
gas and biofuels
Regional Power for Clean Transport,
Oslo 31st of October, 2013
Olof Källgren
Head of Clean Energy, Merchant LNG
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Content
4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia
2 Clean Energy in Linde
5 Hydrogen for automotive
3 LNG for Heavy Trucks
1 Company profile
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1. The Linde Group based on two pillars with extensive synergies
The Linde Group
Linde Gas Linde Engineering
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The Linde Group
No presence
#1
#1
#1
#1
South
America
South Africa
South and
East Asia
Greater
China
Eastern Europe &
Middle East
#2
1. The Linde Group
Global presence >100 countries, +60,000 people and revenues >EUR 15bn
(2012)
Linde market leader in 4 out of 5 “high growth” regions
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Content
4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia
2 Clean Energy in Linde
5 Hydrogen for automotive
3 LNG for Heavy Trucks
1 Company profile
6 6
2. Clean energy important growth markets for Linde
Targeted Business and Technology development areas
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), small
scale Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Carbon Capture & Storage / Usage H2 as fuel
— Oil vs. NG
spread
— CO2 reduction
— Regulations
— Funding
— Coal reserves
— Maturing
oil fields
— High oil prices
— Zero emissions
— Drive
performance
3 Technology portfolio
CO2 Networks Photovoltaic
— Increasing need
for CO2
recycling
— Integrated
solutions
— Environmental
impact
— Efficiency-
driven
August 2013
7 7
2. Existing project portfolio with broad geographic
reach
3 Technology portfolio
Hydrogen refuelling
stations: Germany,
USA, Japan, China
LNG plant, Statoil,
Hammerfest, Norway
LNG import terminal,
StatoilHydro,
Nynäshamn, Sweden
PCC flue gas wash,
RWE, Niederaußem,
Germany
Landfill gas LNG
plant,
Waste Management,
Altamont, USA
CO2 injection for EGR,
Gaz de France,
Maxdorf, Germany
N2 EOR plant, Pemex,
Cantarell, Mexico
CO2 network, OCAP,
Rotterdam/Amsterda
m, Netherlands
CO2 injection/storage,
GFZ Potsdam, Ketzin,
Germany
N2 EOR ASU plant,
ADNOC,
Mirfa, Abu Dhabi
Oxyfuel pilot plant,
Vattenfall, Schwarze
Pumpe, Germany
Biogas refuelling
station, LNG back-up,
Sweden
Network of LNG
plants for truck fleet
fuelling, Australia
August 2013
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Content
4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia
2 Clean Energy in Linde
5 Hydrogen for automotive
3 LNG for Heavy Trucks
1 Company profile
9 9
3. LNG: Lower cost primary driver but emission
regulations setting framework for viable
alternatives
Marine Sector Industry & Power Mobility
M/S Bergenfjord (2x 125 m³ tank) LNG truck fuelling station Stockholm Nynäshamn Terminal
Supply of nearby Refinery
Status
— Due to regulation and price
development huge interest by
shipping industry
— More than 20 ships equipped
with tanks from Cryo AB
— Viking Grace from 2013
fuelled by LNG
Status
— OEMs (Volvo, Westport,
MAN, …) developing
technology
— First LNG refuelling station in
Stockholm in operation, 2
more to come in 2012
Status
— In stranded areas without
connection to trans-European
grid, gas supply alternative
— Interest from various
industries to substitute other
fuels with natural gas
Price benchmark
— ECA: MGO or HFO +
scrubber
— Deep Sea: HFO
Price benchmark
— Diesel
Price benchmark
— LPG, Diesel, Naphta
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3. LNG: Opportunity for LNG in Marine market driven
by stricter emission
Sulphur storage at Syncrude Fort McMurray representing 50% of
sulphur released to air per year by the marine industry
Dimension: 270m by 350m by 30m = 3.9 million tonnes of sulphur
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3. LNG: Linde engaged in complete small scale value
chain
Gablingen,
Germany 21
tons per day
Kwinana,
Australia 175
tons per day
Tasmania,
Australia 50
tons per day
Bergen, Norway
120 tons per
day
Stavanger,
Norway 900
tons per day
Shan Shan, China
1,300 tons per day
Small to mid-scale liquefaction plants
Distribution & storage, refuelling equipment and components
Linde owned & operated small scale LNG operations
Altamont, CA, USA Scandinavia Australia
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3. LNG: Why use LNG in Heavy truck operation?
— Fuel costs up to 50% of a Hauliers overall costs
— Lower fuel costs with LNG on several markets
— Favourable price spread oil/diesel vs. gas
— Fuel taxation & other incentives varies
— Less noise
— Improved air quality and reduced carbon footprint (up to 20% Well to Wheel)
— Increased use of Biomethane / LBG anticipated in specifically Europe
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3. LNG: Key factors to establish LNG as alternative
fuel for road transport
Supply:
• Secured LNG supply from large scale, centralised
entry points (i.e. LNG import terminal) or local LNG
production direct or over small-scale LNG terminals
to customers
• No seasonality for freight haulage or marine as for
traditional gas markets
• Price formula and contracting according to needs for
heavy truck and marine operation
Infrastructure:
• Chicken-egg problem persist – funding to establish
multiple access points to LNG, e.g. public or
customer specific, land based or ship based
• Established and EU wide harmonized legislation
and standards required
• Technology need to fulfill user and environmental
requirements
Customer:
• Availability of OEM backed products/solutions
• Commercially viable business case for all parties
Producer/ LNG Supply
Customer
/ Fleet operator
“Integrator” /
Infrastructure
&
“last mile”
- Supply security & fuel cost
- Availability of infrastructure
- Attractive OEM products
All must come together to generate growth and
avoid disappointments during early market
introduction.
OEM /
Products
&
Technology
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3. LNG: Experience from LNG Heavy Truck
infrastructure development
Australia Europe, UK & Scandinavia North America
LNG truck fuelling station Stockholm
Status
— Small scale plant capacity
exist on both East and
West coast
— Appreciation of AUD
hampers development
— Lack of suitable vehicles
OEM backed vehicles
Status
— Huge spread between diesel
and natural gas
— Oil & Gas industry early
adaptor of LNG to displace
diesel
— Several players announced
significant investments in
infrastructure
Status
— Economic drive relative
low but strong interest for
biomethane
— Good cooperation within
industry
Latest LNG truck fuelling station
installed October 2012, Victoria BioLNG plant in Altamont
California
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3. Linde’s subsidiary BOC building and operating LNG
production and fuel station network in Australia
— Geographic focus on Eastern Australia and
Tasmania
— LNG produced from grid based small scale LNG
plants, 50 – 150 ton per day
— 2 plants in operation since 2010
— 1 plant under construction in Queensland, to be
commissioned 2014
— Intial focus on LNG to replace diesel for Heavy
Trucks
— Major challenge in lack of OEM backed vehicles
— Broadened scope from 2011 towards off-grid
power and industry
Take-out: LNG validated as attractive fuel for long-haul. Volume ramp-up requires well
designed and optimized cryogenic refuelling solutions. All parties need to work very
close to align interests.
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3. First new generation NO loss, low cost refuelling
station installed by BOC in Australia (UK, NL, US)
Key characteristics:
— No intentional venting of methane
— Able to handle low consumption
rates without performance
implications
— Manage different on-board tank
pressures, on-the-fly conditioning
— Small foot print
— Low total cost, i.e. initial investment
/ project execution / O&M
— Modular approach, i.e. handle
variation of functionality and
capacity
— Diesel like filling performance and
driver experience
— Global design Take-out: Existing station solutions did not meet Linde internal criteria. Improved fuel
station design critical both from economical and environmental view.
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Content
4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia
2 Clean Energy in Linde
5 Hydrogen for automotive
3 LNG for Heavy Trucks
1 Company profile
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— Very limited NG grid in Sweden and Norway
— AGA supplied compressed bio-methane, CBG, since
2003 as fuel for transportation
— Biomethane a real opportunity and provide political
”bridge to NG”
— Supported by favourable taxation as well as other
incentives , e.g. free parking, separate cuing lane for taxi
at airports, etc.
— AGA commissioned the Stockholm LNG terminal 2011
with initial intent to secure reliable supply,
complementing biomethane for road transport
— Early focus on public network in cooperation with
retailers, e.g. Statoil, Shell, Q8, etc.
— Current development strongest in public transportation
— Very good cooperation between stakeholders, e.g.
joint project set-up for initial stations and trucks as well as
for the Blue Corridor application
4. Biomethane for road transport developing to
significant size in Sweden and Norway
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Content
4 Biomethane in transport, Scandinavia
2 Clean Energy in Linde
5 Hydrogen for automotive
3 LNG for Heavy Trucks
1 Company profile
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5. H2: De-carbonisation of energy carriers in history
CO2 ratio
Early age of
industrialisation today
tomorrow
(renewable)
Coal
C/H ratio approx. 2
Crude oil
approx. 0.45
Natural gas
0.25
Hydrogen
0
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Range
in Km
CO2 emissions
gCO2 / km
800 600 400 200 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 0
ICE – gasoline
2050
ICE – diesel
2010
BEV
2050
Source: “The Role of Battery Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrids and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - A portfolio of power-trains for Europe: a fact-based analysis”
FCEV
2010
2050
2010
2010
2050
PHEV
Low emissions and high range
5. H2: Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV)
Only powertrain to combine near-zero CO2 with high range
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Description
— Transition to hydrogen-powered transport driven
by environmental legislation, crude oil indepen-
dency and zero-emission mobility
— Fuel cells more than twice as efficient as ICE
(from well to wheel)
— No exhaust pipe GHG emissions, minus 40 % in
buses compared to Diesel (AC Transit)
Scope
— Linde covers the entire hydrogen chain from
H2production to filling stations
— New standard for car refuelling established:
5 kg of H2 (range ~500 km) at 700 bar in 3 min
Reference projects
— Linde has built more than 200 hydrogen
production plants throughout the world
— More than 80 hydrogen fuelling stations
equipped
in 15 countries, including Linde Hydrogen Center
— The company participates in a number of
projects,
i.e. “H2Mobility” and Clean Energy Partnership
(CEP)
5. H2: Automotive fuel
A vision of zero-emission mobility becomes reality
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5. H2: Linde covers the entire hydrogen value chain
LH2 storage
Supply/Storage Compression/Transfer Dispenser
Onsite SMR
Onsite electrolysis
350 bar Ionic compressor
Cryo-pump
Production
Conventional H2
(e.g. SMR)
Green H2
(e.g. BTH) 700 bar
CGH2 storage
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5. H2: Linde hydrogen refuelling solutions
Reference projects prove technological maturity
Linde reference
projects
Key facts
— More than 80 hydrogen stations equipped in 15
countries
— More than 400,000 successful fuellings
— Leading supplier of hydrogen fuelling technologies
— Leading supplier of hydrogen
OMV, Stuttgart TOTAL/CEP, Berlin
Total/CEP II Berlin Linde Hydrogen Center Munich Zero Regio, Frankfurt
— Technological maturity
reached
— High level of
standardisation reached
— Standardised fuelling
protocol
— Standardised H2
quality
— User-friendly fuelling
process
— 3 min / fuelling
— Touch & feel like con-
ventional stations
— Integration into exist-
ing infrastructure
Ariake, Tokyo
AC Transit, SFO Bay
Key learnings
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5. Reference projects:
CEP/Shell, Sachsendamm, Berlin, Germany
MUC, 350bar, Dry Runner Tokyo Ariake, 350bar, Cryo Compressor
Accessibility: Public
Start of operation: Q2/2011
Dispensing lines: 1 x 700
bar (car)
1 x 350 bar (car)
1 x 350 bar (bus)
Technology: 2 x Cryopump (each
pump 120 kg/h)
H2 source: LH2 storage tank
Customer:
7 Hydrogen August 2013
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5. Reference projects:
Vattenfall, HafenCity, Hamburg, Germany
MUC, 350bar, Dry Runner
Barcelona, 350bar, Dry Runner
Tokyo Ariake, 350bar, Cryo Compressor
Accessibility: Public
Start of operation: Q1/2012
Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car)
1 x 350 bar (car)
1 x 350 bar (bus)
Technology: Ionic Compression
5-cylinder
H2 source: Electrolysis,
GH2 storage tank
Customer:
7 Hydrogen August 2013
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5. Reference projects:
Swindon, United Kingdom
MUC, 350bar, Dry Runner
Barcelona, 350bar, Dry Runner
Tokyo Ariake, 350bar, Cryo Compressor
Accessibility: Public
Start of operation: Q3/2011
Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car)
1 x 350 bar (car)
Technology: MF 90, dry runner
H2 source: GH2 bundle supply
(phase 2 electrolysis)
Customer:
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5. Reference projects:
Ariake Hydrogen Station, Tokyo, Japan
MUC, 350bar, Dry Runner
Mini Fueler Accessibility: Public
Start of operation: 2003
Dispensing lines: 1 x 350 bar
Technology: Cryo-compressor
H2 source: LH2 storage tank
Customer:
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5. Reference projects:
AC Transit, Emeryville, CA, USA
Accessibility: Public
Start of operation: Q4/2011
Dispensing lines: 1 x 700 bar (car)
1 x 350 bar (bus)
Technology: Ionic Compression,
Dry Running
Compressor
H2 source: Liquid storage +
Onsite Electrolysis
Customer:
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5. Reference projects:
Forklift truck stations @ BMW, Spartanburg, SC, USA
Mini Fueler Accessibility: Non-public
Start of operation: Q3/2010,
expanded Q2/2013
Dispensing lines: 14 x 200 bar (for
> 230 forklift trucks)
Technology: Ionic Compressor
H2 source: LH2 storage tank
Customer:
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5. H2: Linde-Daimler partnership contributes to
building 50 hydrogen fuelling stations in Germany
— Daimler and Linde first announced to build 20
additional public hydrogen stations in Germany in
2011 to bridge the gap between demonstration (Clean
Energy Partnership - CEP) and commercialization (“H2
Mobility”) — Initiative picked up and sup-
ported by Federal Ministry of
Transportation, extended to
50 stations to be built until
2015 together with further
partners
— Strengthens existing
clusters and establishes
links between them
— Will allow to drive through
Germany with hydrogen-
powered vehicles
— Project goes hand in hand
with planned serial
production of fuel-cell cars,
starting in 2015
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Green hydrogen end game as automotive fuel
Alternative feedstocks and processes
1 E.g. sewage gas, landfill gas, mine gas, etc. 2 With e.g. energy maize, liquid manure, etc. as feedstock for biogas production 3 Mainly solid biomass like woody biomass, straw, solid & lignocellulosic by-products 4 Either direct H2 production or alternatively NH3 generation as H2 carrier 5 Algae biomass can be used as feedstocks for gasification and fermentation theoretically
Renewable
Electricity
Excess
Electricity
Waste gas1
Biogas2
Steam Methane
Reformer
Lignocellulosic
biomass3
Gasification
Algae
Biological
metabolism4
Wind
power
Solar power
Excess electricity
in electrical grid
Biogenous Pathways
5
Process
Feedstock
Renewable
hydrogen
Electrolysis