Regional Physical Framework Plan, 2004 2030 of SOCCSKSARGEN

Message

The effi cient management of develop-ment knowledge in the regions is an effective way to alleviate poverty and improve the lives of the people.

The Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) is an example of how development knowledge is packaged to help foster region-al growth. This document for one, seeks to contribute to the effi cient allocation and utiliza-tion of land and other physical resources for maximum social and economic benefi ts. It pro-vides policies and development strategies on settlements and infrastructure development, agricultural production, tourism, sustainable mining, and environmental protection. Rural investment interventions like farm-to-market roads, small-water impounding areas, and in-come-enhancing activities are contained in the RPFP.

Given the increasing demand for land, the RPFP offers policy guidelines to resolve land use confl icts among various competing uses.

Strengthening the land rights of the poor and easing barriers to land transactions can supply the region great amount of socioeco-nomic benefi ts. The RPFP upholds this ob-jective by promoting land disposal through an effi cient issuance of titles.

To realize a stable environment, the Plan highlights the need for the conservation, re-habilitation and sustained development of the region’s environment and natural resources through preservation and reforestation pro-grams.

Lastly, in response to the recent natural disasters in the country, the RPFP presents policies and strategies that will mitigate or pre-

vent damage from future onslaughts of disas-ters caused by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides.

It is my hope that the stakeholders ben-efi t from this Plan and; governmental, non-gov-ernmental and private organizations support the region’s growth and development within the context of a sound and sustained resource management.

ROMULO L. NERISecretary

Socioeconomic Planning

Nastional Economic and Development Authority

Message

AUGUSTO B. SANTOSNEDA Deputy Director-General and

NLUC Chairman

Nastional Economic and Development Authority

I commend the offi cers and members of the Regional Development Council and the NEDA Regional Offi ce for spearheading the up-dating of the Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) as well as the Regional Land Use Com-mittee.

The updated RPFP links the national and provincial framework plans and takes into ac-count various developments. These include changes in land uses; enactment of new laws, plans and policies; new data sets generated from the latest census; and adjustments in the LGU composition of various regions.

The Plan also upheld the policy recom-mendations provided in the National Framework for Physical Planning and at the same time con-sidered the desired development direction of LGUs as cited in the Provincial Physical Frame-work Plans (PPFPs) and Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs).

The updated RPFP benefi ted from inter-regional consultations which identifi ed comple-menting spatial development strategies among the regions sharing common boundaries and natural resources as well as among regions with established physical and economic link-ages. The Plan is thus expected to be more responsive to the demand for the proper use, allocation, management, and development of land and other natural resources at the regional and subregional levels.

The target users of the RPFP are gov-ernment agencies involved in the formulation of policies and plans for the development and management of the country’s land and other physical resources as well as planners and deci-sion-makers in the private sector whose invest-ment interests affect or are affected by these resources. Local government units will fi nd the document helpful in providing data, information,

and reference material on the region’s land and physical resources and in aligning their own plans, PPFPs, CLUPs and development plans, with the regional development objectives and strategies. Nongovernment organizations and academic institutions could also utilize the docu-ments when undertaking land use and physical planning-related activities.

It is expected that the use of the RPFP will result in specifi c policies, programs and strate-gic interventions to support economic growth within the context of sustainable development especially in these areas: (a) food security and agricultural development; (b) mining; (c) envi-ronmental protection and biodiversity conserva-tion; (d) urban development; (e) infrastructure development; and (f) disaster mitigation, among others.

The challenge now is for us to work to-gether so that the region succeeds in attaining its vision towards growth and development.

Foreword

Regional Development Council XII

Region XII is endowed with rich natu-ral resources. It is one of country’s top produc-ers of tuna, rice, corn, and some high value crops, such as, aspagarus, banana, oil palm and coffee. Its large deposits of gold and cop-per, known to be of world class quality, are po-tential sources of wealth for the region. It has ecotourism potentials as well with the pres-ence of Mt. Apo, LakeSebu, Liguasan Marsh and long stretch of beaches, among others.

However, the region is faced with so-cio-economic and environmental challenges which, if left unchecked or mitigated, would have negative impact on its growth and de-velopment in the coming generations. This concern has become more urgent with the ca-lamities experienced not only in Region XII but also elsewhere in the country and the world. Some blame this on the abuse in the use of the region’s resources. Hence, the effi cient alloca-tion and use of the region’s land and natural resources for optimal growth and development is of primary concern to policymakers, particu-larly of Regional Development Council (RDC) XII.

For this purpose, the Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) for Region XII has been formulated. It provides guidance on how the region’s resources shall be developed, utilized and maintained in the next twenty-six years. The proposed strategies are aimed at addressing the pressing concerns that greatly affect the welfare of the region’s constituents, such as, resource depletion and environmental degradation, low economic productivity, lack of infrastructure support, among others.

Since the RPFP is considered as the mother of all regional development plans, the formulation of other medium-term socio-economic, sectoral, city and municipal com-

prehensive land use, and provincial physical framework plans. Incidentally, the fi rst phase of RPFP, 2004-2030 also covers the same plan period of the current Medium-Term Regional Development (MTRDP), i.e., 2004-2010. Thus, the strategies contained in the MTRDP are es-sentiallyconsistent with the RPFP.

We all want to have a socially and envi-ronmentally livable region, with accessible qual-ity services and economic opportunities for our constituents. I, therefore, enjoin everyone, par-ticularly those from line agencies, local govern-ment units, non-government units, the private sector, academe, the youth and other sectors, to support and participate in the implementation of the RPFP. With our concerted efforts put to-gether, I believe that we shall become what we have envisioned Region XII to be by 2030.

DAISY P. AVANCE-FUENTESChairperson

Regional Development Council XII

Foreword

On September 5, 2002, the National Land Use Committee (NLUC) passed Resolu-tion No. 1,series of 2002 – “Adopting the Supplemental Guidelines for the Preparation/Updating of the RPFP, directing the Regional Land Use Com-mittees to commence plan preparation/updat-ing and enjoining NLUC Member-Agencies to actively participate therefor”. In response to this issuance, the Regional Land Use Com-mittee of the Regional Development Council (RDC) XII formulated the Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) of Region XII, 2004-2030 in order to provide and guide the stake-holders of the region on the optimal use and protection of its natural resources.

The RPFP presents the vision for the physical and socio-economic development of the region for the next twenty-six (26) years, as well as, the policy guidelines and directions for the major components of the plan, namely, Protection Land Use, Production Land Use, Settlements, and Infrastructure Support. The plan was subjected to a series of consultations with the different local development councils and stakeholder groups in the region which primarily aimed to generate comments/sug-gestions to enhance the document. During the 8th RDC XII Regular Meeting on 18 Novem-ber 2004, the Council approved and adopted the RPFP through Resolution No. 08, series of 2004.

The RPFP consists of four chapters: Chapter I (Introduction) contains the general assumptions and principles underlying the plan, the general objectives and limitations of the plan; Chapter II (The Planning Environ-ment) discusses the existing situation of the region particularly the physical and natural re-sources; Chapter III (The RPFP) contains the challenges, vision, objectives, as well as, the strategies to provide general directions on the

utilization of the regions natural resources; and Chapter IV (Plan Implementation) provides for the mechanism in the realization of the plan.

The RPFP is a very vital instrument in the formulation/revision/updating of the Compre-hensive Land Use Plans of the city and munici-palities of the region, as well as, the Provincial Physical Framework Plans of the provinces.

The Regional Land Use Committee of Re-gional Development Council XII acknowledges with deep appreciation, the support and assis-tance extended by the following member-agen-cies in the formulation of the Regional Physical Framework Plan, namely: DA, DAR, DENR, DILG, DPWH, DOST, DOTC, DTI, HUDCC, HLRB, DOT, and NEDA. The Committee also wishes to acknowledge other line agencies and local government units that have provided valu-able necessary inputs, suggestions and recom-mendations in the completion and enhancement of the Plan.

I would like to enjoin the support and par-ticipation of all sectors i.e. the line agencies, localgovernment units, non-government units, private sector, academe, etc in the implementa-tion of the RPFP.

Mabuhay!

HADJA SITTIE MARIAM (MA. LOURDES) D. LIMRegional Director, NEDA XII and

Chairperson, Regional Land Use Committe XII

Nastional Economic and Development Authority XII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ChapterNo. Title Page

No.

1 Introduction1.1 General Assumptions/Principles Underlying the Plan …………………….. 1-11.2 General Objectives ………………………………………………………….... 1-31.3 Organization of the Plan………………………………………………….…... 1-41.4 Limitations of the Plan ……………………………………………………….. 1-5

2 The Planning Environment2.1 Population and Management ………………………………………….......... 2-12.2 Economy ………………………………………………………………………. 2-302.3 Physical Characteristics …………………………………………………….... 2-442.4 Land Use …….………………………………………………………….…...... 2-100

3 The Regional Physical Framework Plan3.1 Regional Development Challenges ………………………………………… 3-13.2 Vision …………………...……………………………………………………… 3-13.3 Goals/Objectives ……………………………………………………………… 3-13.4 Regional Spatial Development Strategy …………………………………… 3-23.5 Development Strategies ……………………………………………………… 3-123.6 Development Scenarios …………………………………………………….... 3-133.7 Component Spatial Strategies ………………………………………………. 3-14

3.7.1. Settlement Plan ……………………………………………………….. 3-143.7.2. Production Land Use ………………………………………………..... 3-233.7.3. Protection Land Use ………………………………………………...... 3-383.7.4. Infrastructure Development ………………………………………….. 3-44

4 Plan Implementation4.1 Review, Approval, and Adoption Process ………………………………….. 4-14.2 Phasing of the Plan …………………………………………………………… 4-14.3 Integration of Plan and Planning Processes ……………………………….. 4-24.4 Financing of the Plan ……………………………………………………….... 4-64.5 Monitoring and Evaluation …………………………………………………… 4-64.6 Implementation Support ……………………………………………………… 4-12

AnnexesA Glossary of Terms …………………………………………………………….. 5-1B RDC Resolution No. 08, series of 2004 …………………………………….. 5-5C New Land Classifi cation System ……………………………………………. 5-6D Composition of the Regional Land Use Committee, Region XII ..……….. 5-7E Regional Land Use Committee XII – Technical Working Group ………… 5-8F Regional Development Council XII - Offi cials and Members …….………. 5-9G Regional Development Council XII - Secretariat …………………...……... 5-10

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

No.

2.1 Population Size and Average annual Growth Rate (AAGR) ……….............……… 2-3 2.2 Population Projection, 2005-2030 ………………………….............……….…. …… 2-42.3 Doubling Time of Population ……………………………...............…………….…… 2-62.4 Population Density …………………………………...............…………………..…… 2-72.5 Population Density Projection ……………………............……………………...…… 2-10 2.6 Urban-Rural Population …………………………............……………………….…… 2-11 2.7 Sex Ratio ………………………………………………...............………………..…… 2-122.8 Household Population by age Group ………………............…………………..…… 2-122.9 Age Dependency Ratio …………………………….............……………...……..…… 2-13

2.10 Projection of Sex-Specifi c Net Migration Rates …………............…………….…… 2-142.11 Highest Grade Completed of Household Population ……….............……………… 2-152.12 Simple and Functional Literacy …………………………………….............………… 2-152.13 Public Elementary and Education Enrolment ………………………............….…… 2-162.14 Public Elementary & Secondary Education Participation Rate ……...…............… 2-172.15 Public Elementary & Secondary Education Cohort-Survival Rate ….……............. 2-182.16 Distribution of Government Health Manpower Complement ………................…… 2-212.17 Hospital Beds & Bed Population Ratio …………………………….............………… 2-212.18 GRDP Growth Rate at 1985 Constant Prices …………………….............………… 2-312.19 Gross Regional Domestic Product at Constant Prices …………….............….…… 2-322.20 GRDP, 1995-2003, Region XII and Mindanao Regions ……………................…… 2-332.21 Contribution of Region XII to Mindanao and Philippine GDP ………...............…… 2-342.22 Rice and Corn Production of Mindanao Regions ……………….............……..…… 2-352.23 Present Land Use – Ricelands within Primelands-Ricelands ……............….……. 2-372.24 Growth of the Labor Force in Region XII …………………………………............…. 2-402.25 Employment Growth Rate by Major Industry Group/Sector …….............…….…… 2-422.26 Summary Table of Mix-Share Analysis ………………………….............……..……. 2-422.27 Location Quotient ……………………………………………….............……...……… 2-432.28 Region XII Industry Profi le, 2001…………………………….……............……..……. 2-432.29 Number of Establishment/Industries in Region XII ………….............……………… 2-442.30 Land Area by Province/City…………………………………………............…...….… 2-452.31 Elevation per Province/City ………………………………………............……..…… 2-492.32 Watersheds Areas, Region XII ……………………………...........…………….…… 2-532.33 Major Lakes in Region XII ………………………………..........……………….……. 2-542.34 List of Water Bodies Classifi ed …………………..……........….……………….…… 2-542.35 Land Area by Slope of Region XII ……………………............……………………… 2.552.36 List of Water Bodies, Location and Classifi cation …………...........………….……. 2-62 2.37 Areas Prone to Landslides ……………………………………............……………… 2-692.38 Active Volcanoes in Region XII ……………………………….............……………… 2-70

LIST OF TABLES

Table No.

Title Page No.

2.39 Areas Vulnerable to Volcanic Hazard ……………………………................………...... 2-702.40 Flood Prone Areas and Causes of Flooding ……………………………….................. 2-752.41 Existing Road Kilometerage by Classifi cation and Road Density .......…................... 2-772.42 Existing National Road Kilometerage by Type of Pavement ……….....................….. 2-772.43 List of National Roads in Region XII, by Type of Pavement ………...................…… 2-79 2.44 Existing No. and Length of National Bridges by Type .....……………..……….…....... 2-83 2.45 Existing Airports in Region XII ……………………………………………..….........…... 2-84 2.46 Flight Operation and Volume of Passengers & Cargoes ......………….….............…. 2-85 2.47 Number of Households Served by Water Facilities (Levels I, II, and III)..................... 2-86 2.48 Existing National Irrigation Systems ……………………………………………........… 2-90 2.49 Number and Service Area of Communal Irrigation Systems by Provinc/City ........... 2-90 2.50 Regionwide Percentage of Irrigation Development (NIS and CIS Combined) ........... 2-91 2.51 List of Existing NPC Power Generating Plants in Region XII …………….............…. 2-95 2.52 Coverage of Barangay Energization …......…………………………………..........…… 2-95 2.53 Number of Licensed Hospitals by Area, by Type and Classifi cation …….............….. 2-97 2.54 Inventory of Established Day Care Centers by province/City ….....…….…..........…. 2-100 2.55 Coverage Area, Land Classifi cation Map .....…………………………………........…… 2-101 2.56 Regional Land Use Accounting ………………….....………………………...........…… 2-107 2.57 Rice Production, Population and Regional Requirement for the Period 2000-2030.. 2-113 2.58 Corn Production, by Area ………………………………………………………………... 2-113 2.59 Rice Production, Province of Sultan Kudarat ………………………………….………. 2-114 2.60 Rice Production, Province of South Cotabato ........................................................... 2-114 2.61 Rice Production, Province of Sarangani Province ..................................................... 2-115 2.62 Rice Production, Province of Cotabato Province ....................................................... 2-115 2.63 Fishery Production …………………………………….………….....…………………..... 2-116 2.64 Production Forest Land Cover …………………………………………………………... 2-118 2.65 Mineral Reserves of Region XII, by Province ………….....……………………………. 2-120 2.66 Historical Tourist Attraction ……………………………………………………………..... 2-121 2.67 Natural Tourist Attraction …………………………………….………………….….......... 2-121 2.68 Man-made Tourist Attraction …………………………………………………….……….. 2-123 2.69 No. of Accredited Tourism Establishment in Region XII ..………………….………….. 2-124 2.70 Major Establishments in Region XII …………………………………………………….. 2-129 2.71 Protected Areas (Existing and Proposed …..…………………………………………… 2-132 2.72 Status of Coral Reefs …………………………………………………………………….. 2-134 2.73 Seagrass Beds ……………………………………………………………………………. 2-134 2.74 Mangrove Areas ………………………………………………………………….……….. 2-135 2.75 Profi le of Certifi cates of Ancestral Domain Claims (CADCs) ………….....………….. 2-138 2.76 Profi le of Certifi cates of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADTs) ……………..……………. 2-138

LIST OF TABLES

Table No.

Title Page No.

2.77 Land Use Opportunity ………………………………………………………………….... 2-1412.78 Consolidated Network of Protected Areas for Agri-Industrial Development ……….. 2-145 2.79 Decision Zones, Region XII …………………………………………………….…….. 2-146 3.1 Roles of Identifi ed Intermediate Urban Centers ……………………………….…….... 3-10 3.2 Potential Investment Areas in Region XII ……………………….……………………... 3-11 3.3 Goals and Targets ……………………………………………………………………… 3-12 3.4 Development Scenario …………………………………...………………………….… 3-13 3.5 Regional Proposed Land Use Accounting ……….....……………………………….. 3-26 3.6 Top Ten Other Crops Produced in Region XII, 2003 ………....…………………..….. 3-27 3.7 Key Programs and Projects by Phase, Croplands and Fishing Grounds ....…….. 3-31 3.8 Key Programs and Projects by Phase, Production Forest ………..……………….. 3-33 3.9 Key Programs and Projects by Phase and Corridor, Industrial Development Areas 3-36

3.10 Key Programs and Projects by Phase, Protection nd………………………………… 3-37 3.11 Major Programs/Key Projects and Proposals by Phase and Corridor ……………… 3-42 4.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Activities …………………………………………………… 4-10

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No.

Title Page No.

2.1 Average Annual Growth Rate of Population, by Province/City …………………… 2-1 2.2 Population Size by Province/City …………………………………………………..... 2-3 2.3 Language/Dialect Generally Spoken by Household, Region XII ……………….... 2-13 2.4 Crude Death Rate by Province/City …………………………………………………. 2-19 2.5 Infant Mortality Ratio By Province/City ……………………………………………… 2-19

2.6 Maternal Mortality Ratio By Province/City ……………………………………….…. 2-20 2.7 Urbanization Trend by Area …………………………………………………………. 2-24 2.8 Average annual Gross Regional Domestic Product at 1985 Constant Prices … 2-30 2.9 GRDP, 1995-2003, Region XII and Mindanao Regions, At 1985 Constant

Prices .................................................................................................................. 2-33 2.10 Comparison of GRDP/GDP Growth Rate of Philippines/Mindanao/ Region XII

at Constant 1985 Prices ……………………………………………………………… 2-34 2.11 GRDP, 1995-2003 at Constant 1985 Prices ……………………………………….. 2-35 2.12 Rice Production in Mindanao, by Region …………………………………………… 2-362.13 Region XII Contribution to Total Rice Production of Mindanao …………………... 2-362.14 Corn Production in Mindanao by Region, 1995-2000 …………………………….. 2-372.15 Region XII Contribution to Total Corn Production in Mindanao 1995-2000 …….. 2-382.16 Labor and Employment Status, Region XII ………………………………………… 2-392.17 Labor Force Distribution by Area …………………………………………………… 2-392.18 Employment Rate, Region XII …………………………………………………….…. 2-402.19 Employed Persons in region XII by Industry Group ……………………….……… 2-414.1 Horizontal Integration of Plans at the Regional Level …………………………….. 4-24.2 Vertical Integration of Plans at the Regional Level ………………………………… 4-44.3 Regional Organizational Structure for Physical and Land Use Planning ……….. 4-64.4 Monitoring Organizational Structure ………………………………………………… 4-8 4.5 Environmental Monitoring Structure ………………………………………………… 4-10

LIST OF MAPS

Map No.

Title Page No.

2.1 1990, 2000 Population Size Map ………………………………………………………… 2-22.2 2010, 2030 Projected Population Size Map ……………………………………….…… 2-52.3 1990, 2000 Population Density Map …………………………………………………… 2-82.4 2010, 2030 Projected Population Density Map ………………………………………… 2-92.5 Existing Settlements Map ………………………………………………………….…… 2-232.6 Map of Region XII …………………………………………………………………………. 2-462.7 Location Map of Region XII.………………………………………………………………. 2-472.8 Elevation Map ……………………………………………………………………………… 2-482.9 Climate Map ……………………………………………………………………………… 2-50

2.10 Watersheds Map ………………………………………………………………………… 2-512.11 Slope Map ………………………………………………………………………………… 2-562.12 Soil Map …………………………………………………………………………………… 2-572.13 Geologic Map ………………………………………………………………………………. 2-592.14 Ground Water Availability Map ……………………………………………………………. 2-602.15 Erosion Map ……………………………………………………………………….……… 2-722.16 Fault Lines Map ……………………………………………………………………………. 2-732.17 Land Use Constraints Map …………………………..…………………………………… 2-742.18 Map Showing Existing Major Roads, Seaport and Airports……………………………. 2-782.19 Map Showing Public Transport Routes ………………………………………………….. 2-822.20 Map Showing Areas Covered by Water Districts ……………………………………….. 2-872.21 Map Showing Existing National Irrigation Systems (NIS) Service Areas ……………. 2-882.22 Map Showing Existing Power Generation and Transmission Facilities Map ……….. 2-932.23 Map Showing Areas Served by a Telephone Exchange ………………………………. 2-942.24 Map Showing State Universities and Colleges and TESDA Administered Schools ... 2-982.25 Map Showing Tertiary Hospitals in Region XII ………………………………………….. 2-992.26 Land Classifi cation Map (Offi cial) ………………………………………….…………… 2-1022.27 Land Classifi cation Map (Unoffi cial) …………………………………...………………… 2-1032.28 Land Cover Map …………………………………………………………………………… 2-1052.29 Existing Land Use Map …………………………………………………………………… 2-1062.30 Historical Tourist Attractions Map ………………………………..………………………. 2-1252.31 Natural Tourist Attraction Map ……………………………………………………………. 2-1262.32 Manmade Tourist Attraction Map …………………………………………………………. 2-1272.33 NIPAS Map …………………………………………………………………………………. 2-1312.34 Land Use Opportunity Map ………………………………………………………………. 2-1422.35 Pedo-Ecological Zone Map ………………………………………………………………. 2-1432.36 Prime Lands Map ………………………………………………………………………… 2-1443.1 Sustainable Agri-Industrial Development Strategy (SAIDS) Map …………………….. 3-6

LIST OF MAPS

Map No.

Title Page No.

3.2 The Main Corridors……………………………………………………………………..… 3-7 3.3 The Potential Corridors…….………………………………………………………..…... 3-8 3.4 Settlements Plan Map …………………………………………………………………… 3-153.5 Proposed Land Use Map ……………………………………………………………….. 3-253.6 Long-Term Infrastructure Projects, Roads and Bridges ……………………………... 3-59 3.7 Long-Term Infrastructure Projects, Airports, Seaports and

Integrated Transport Terminals ……………………………………………………….... 3-60 3.8 Long-Term Infrastructure Projects, Upgrading /Expansion of

Water Supply Systems (Water Districts) ………......………………………………….. 3-613.9 Long-Term Infrastructure Projects, National Irrigation Systems (NIS) …………….. 3-62

3.10 Long-Term Infrastructure Projects, Flood Control, Shore Protection and Drainage Systems ……………………………………………… 3-63

3.11 Long-Term Infrastructure Projects, Power Generation and Transmission ………… 3-64

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

The Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) comprises policies and broadspatial strategy for the long term development

of the region. Region XII is comprised ofthe provinces of Cotabato (North), Sarangani and South Cotbato, and the cities ofCotabato, General Santos, Kidapawan, Koronadal and Tacurong. As a blueprint for thelong-term development of the region, it sets out the urban structure for its futuredevelopment with regard to achieving economic growth and efficiency and healthy environment for living. It also embodies policies for infrastructure and utilities development towards achieving physical and economic integration, as well as, policies for the distribution of population and for the location of employment and other criticaleconomic activities at the regional scaled.

The RPFP has four components namely; settlements, production, protection, and infrastructure.

The RPFP for Region XII covers the period, 2004-2030. Generally, the proposals of the Plan are drawn in a semi-diagrammatic way. The translation of the broadproposals into detailed local development plans are left to the local government unitswho have the responsibility of defining the growth of their respective areas.

The plan is flexible to meet unforeseen changes in the scale and nature of growth of the region. Hence, it must be periodically subjected to review to meet new conditions.

1.1 General Assumptions/Principles Underlying the Plan

The formulation of the plan is based on the following assumptions:

a. Population Growth

Population in major urban centers of the region will continue to grow rapidly and exert greater pressure in the suburbs and prime agricultural lands, if left unmanaged, given their respective current high population growth rates. However, moderate population increases may be achieved through the implementation of population management programs appropriate for the region.

b. Regional Economy

A shift in the economic structure of the region, from a predominantly agri-based economy to one that is agri-industrial, is assumed to take place through the establishment of development corridors along the major urban centers connecting the existing vast agricultural and industrial areas. To complement this, conservation and protection of the region’s coastal environment is addressed through coastal zone development along with eco-tourism in potential areas of the region. Efforts shall be made to provide the necessary infrastructure support upon which industrialization will depend.

2 Introduction

c. Regional Geographic Confi guration

It is assumed that the current geographic configuration of RegionXII will remain unchanged during the plan period as provided by Executive Order No. 36 issued by Her Excellency President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on September 19, 2001.

d. Peace and Order

The peace and order condition in the region is foreseen to improve and stabilize with the on-going peace and confidence building efforts of government with the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), National Democratic Front (NDF), and other groups (the tri-peoples - Christians, Muslims and Lumads/Indigenous Peoples) who have been at the center of armed conflicts in the region. This would make the region more attractive as an investment area, as well as, travel destination. This would further redound to boost its local economy with the creation of more jobs and employmentopportunities.

It is also assumed that these conflict-affected areas will turn into vibrant economic zones considering the current interventions of government such as the establishment of Peace Zones, Peace and Development Communities (PDCs) and KALAHI sites.

e. Socio-economic Development of Mindanao

Efforts are being pursued to accelerate the socio-economicdevelopment of Mindanao as a major island group of the Philippines. Region XII is expected to substantially contribute to Mindanao’s overall goal of agri-industrialization. Thus, the RPFPs of the Mindanao regions should be able to show areas of complementation towards achieving economic and physical integration in the island. It is also assumed that resources to support programs/projects proposed in the RPFPs shall be equitably distributed among the regions in Mindanao, for the regions to realize their

individual contributions to its growth.

f. Plan Implementation

It is assumed that the public and private sectors will adhere to thegeneral physical development directions and the proposals in the Plan as sustainable development in the region depends on these being done. While detailed feasibility studies are yet to be made on some of the proposed programs, it is assumed that the government will ensure thatthe policies set forth in the Plan are given due consideration and that the financial requirements to implement this Plan will be made available at every phase of its implementation.

Consistent with the National Framework for Physical Planning, 2001-2030, physical planning in Region XII shall proceed in the context of the following principles toward the attainment of the regional development vision:

a. Food security utilizing the principle of sustainable agricultural development and agrarian reform;

b. Environmental stability and ecological integrity through effective natural resource management and balancing demand of land using activities visà-vis preservation of ecosystems;

c. Economic and physical integration through balanced dispersion of agriindustrialand ecotourism development areas and appropriate infrastructure systems;

d. Rational urban development by harnessing the potentials of urbancenters to achieve complementary relationship not only in terms of economic growth, but also in socio-cultural and institutional aspects; while also at the same time developing the competitive advantage of the rural areas with respect to their respective natural endowments and presence of skilled manpower and farm work force;

e. Equitable access to physical resources and

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2004-2030 3

natural resources through just distribution of the region’s resources and by providing equal opportunities to all Filipinos in the region in the use and acquisition of land and other resources;

f. Private-public sector partnership by encouraging shared responsibility between the government and the private sector in the development and management of the region’s physical resources;

g. People empowerment by establishing pragmatic, appropriate, flexible and dynamic structures or mechanisms that involve the

The Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) provides a rational basis for the development of Region XII in the next

twenty-seven (27) years by defining the scope and limits for socio-economic development planning. It embodies a set of policies and a graphic translation of the desired spatial arrangement of landusing activities in the region. The RPFP seeks to achieve the following main objectives:

a. Effect a rational distribution of the regional population;

b. Facilitate access of the regional population to basic economic opportunities and social services;

c. Guide public and private investments to ensure sustainable use of the region’s natural resources; and

d. Enhance, safeguard and protect the quality of the environment.

The RPFP, therefore, is designed to show the desired direction and intensity of growth of the region as a whole, as well as, of its sub-regional

participation of key stakeholders;

h. Social unification and respect for cultural diversity by keeping the culturally diverse people of the region (Muslims, Christians and the indigenous cultural communities) united in the pursuit of lasting peace and prosperity in the region, as well as, ensuring the indigenous people’s rights to develop, control and use lands within their ancestral domain; and

i. Market orientation by adopting the interplay of market forces within the framework ecological and intergenerational factors

1.2 General Objectives

areas covering a long-term period, in this case from 2004 to 2030.

The direction and intensity of growth that the region seeks to promote represents a balance between the need for the region to fulfill its functional role with respect to the national economy, on one hand, and the need to ensure sustained utilization of the physical resources of the region, on the other. Hence,it takes into account and seeks to contribute to the attainment of national development goals and targets.

4 Introduction

The RPFP document is composed of four major chapters. The first chapter focuses on the general assumptions/principles

underlying the Plan, its general objectives, organization of the RPFP document, and the limitations of the Plan.

The second chapter covers the planning environment which is an analysis of the existing situation of the region’s population and settlements, economy and employment, physical characteristics and infrastructure facilities/services, land use and development opportunities.

The third chapter focuses on the framework for spatial development to include the vision, development challenges, regional goals and objectives and the broad spatial pattern proposed for the region. It also includes the translation of the regional spatial development strategy along the four (4) major components of the RPFP, namely:

Settlements Land uses and physical resources involving some degree ofurban or rural concentrations and their associated demand and supply requirements.

1.3 Organization of the PlanProduction Land uses and physical

resources focused on economic production, from the extractive to the modern service sectors.

Protection Land uses and physical resources that need to be protected, conserved or rehabilitated, including areas that require the prevention or mitigation of disasters.

Infrastructure Land uses and physical resources dealing with capital investments that support spatial integration, production efficiency and social service delivery.

Specific sectoral strategies and policies and proposals are likewise included in this chapter.

The fourth chapter of the Plan describes the implementation design specifically; the institutional arrangements, support activities and the regional land use plan monitoring and evaluation system.

The formulation of the RPFP is based on technical and sectoral studies supported with maps and other data/information.

However, Region XII has been recently reconfigured by virtue of the issuance of Executive Order (EO) No. 36 on September 19, 2001 that realigned the administrative regions in Mindanao. With this Order, Region XII embraced a new geographic configuration comprising the provinces of Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat; and the cities of Cotabato, General Santos, Kidapawan, Koronadal and Tacurong.

Given that Region XII is a newly reconfigured region, there are limitations identified in the formulation of the RPFP: unavailability of official Region XII base and thematic maps

1.4 Limitation of the Planand inadequate and/or inconsistent data and information on the new Region XII. In the case of unavailable official maps of Region XII, information from official maps of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Department of Agriculture (DA) – Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) were digitized to come up with working maps on the region. In relation to this, the land area that was adopted for planning purposes was also based on the digitized information which approximates that of the DENR-Land Management Services data. On the inadequate data, appropriate estimation procedures were undertaken to derive the desired indicator/data from the same sources to describe present and project future trends of said indicator.

CHAPTER 2

THE PLANNING

ENVIRONMENT

Regional Physical Framework Plan 2004-2030 2-1

CHAPTER 2

The Planning Environment

2.1 Population Management

2.1.1 Population

a. Population Size and Growth Rate

The population of Region XII in 1980 was about 1.7 million. It increased to 2.4 million in 1990 with an average annual growth rate of 3.37 percent between these periods. In year 2000, the region attained a population of 3.2 million with an annual growth rate of 2.99 percent from 1990 to 2000. As shown in the table, the growth rate between 1980-1990 is higher by 0.38 percentage point than the growth rate between 1990-2000.

General Santos City recorded the highest growth rate of 5.3 percent in 1990 and 5.10 percent in 2000. While, Tacurong City registered the lowest growth rate in 1990 at 2.5 percent, and

Koronadal City registering the lowest growth rate of 2.09 percent in 2000.

Going down to municipal level, 14 out of 45 municipalities registered a growth rate higher than the regional level of 2.99 percent in 1990-2000. These municipalities were the following: Tiboli and Lake Sebu in South Cotabato province; Alabel, Glan, Maasim, Maitum, Malapatan, and Malungon in Sarangani province; Bagumbayan, Kalamansig, Lebak, Lutayan, Pres. Quirino and Sen. Ninoy Aquino in Sultan Kudarat province; and none for Cotabato province.

Figure 2.1 Average Annual Growth Rate, by Province/City

Ave. Annual Growth Rate, by province/city

3.072.58

2.98

3.874.24

5.30

3.04

2.20

3.79

2.603.07

2.582.09

2.652.503.06 3.15

5.10

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Cota

bato pr

ov.

Saran

gani

Prov

So. C

otaba

to

Sulta

n Kud

arat

Cota

bato C

ity

Gen

eral S

antos

Kida

pawan

Koron

adal

Tac

urong

1980-1990

1990-2000

Map 2.1 Map Showing Population Size


2.093.04133,786108,73880,566Koronadal City

3.153.06101,20574,19054,864Kidapawan City

5.105.30411,822250,389149,396General Santos City

2.584.24163,849127,06583,871Cotabato City

3.073.87510,151377,120257,876Sultan Kudarat

2.602.98556,942430,720321,139So. Cotabato

3.792.58410,622283,141219,372Sarangani

2.203.07857,438689,805509,735Cotabato Province

2.993.373,222,1692,399,9531,722,727Region XII

2.402.7518,133,86414,298,16010,905,243Mindanao

2.342.3576,498,73560,703,20648,098,460Philippines

1990-20001980-1990200019901980

AAGR (%)PopulationProvince/City

2.093.04133,786108,73880,566Koronadal City

3.153.06101,20574,19054,864Kidapawan City

5.105.30411,822250,389149,396General Santos City

2.584.24163,849127,06583,871Cotabato City

3.073.87510,151377,120257,876Sultan Kudarat

2.602.98556,942430,720321,139So. Cotabato

3.792.58410,622283,141219,372Sarangani

2.203.07857,438689,805509,735Cotabato Province

2.993.373,222,1692,399,9531,722,727Region XII

2.402.7518,133,86414,298,16010,905,243Mindanao

2.342.3576,498,73560,703,20648,098,460Philippines

1990-20001980-1990200019901980

AAGR (%)PopulationProvince/City

Source: NSO XII

Table 2.1 Population Size and Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR), 1980, 1990 & 2000, By Area

Based on 2000 census, Region XII population is about 18 percent of the Mindanao’s population and 4.2 percent of the total population of the country.

Across provinces, Cotabato province registered the most number of inhabitants accounting for almost 27 percent of the region’s population in 2000, while Sarangani province had the least population count accounting for about 13 percent of the total population of the region. For cities, General Santos has the largest population while Tacurong City, recorded the least.

Looking at the population level of municipalities, the first five (5) municipalities with the greatest population count based on 1980 census include the following: Midsayap, Polomolok, Mlang, Pikit and Surallah. In 1990 census, the first five include Polomolok, Midsayap,

Mlang, Glan and Banga. In 2000 census, the top 5 municipalities included Polomolok, Midsayap, Malungon, Glan and Mlang. It was noted that Midsayap, Polomolok and Mlang, maintained their ranks in the top 5 for 3 census years. However, increase of population in Malungon and Glan was very noticeable from rank 15th and 7th, respectively, in 1980 to among the top 5 municipalities in 2000.

So. Cotabato 17%

Sarangani Prov 13%

Cotabato prov. 27%

Sultan Kudarat 16%

Cotabato City 5%

General Santos

13%

Tacurong 2%

Koronadal 4% Kidapawan

3%

Figure 2.2 Population by Province/City

2-4 The Planning Environment

b. Population Projection

Considering the average annual growth rate of 2.99 percent in 1990-2000, the region’s population will have about 7.7 million people in 2030. By then,the country is expected to reach a population count of 152.5 million with an average annual growth rate of 2.34 percent.

Across provinces, by year 2030, Cotabato province will be having a total population of 1.6 million at an average annual growth rate of 2.2 percent. Sultan Kudarat’s population is expected to increase at about 1.26 million at 3.27 percent annual growth rate. Sarangani’s population, however, is expected to reach 1.25 million, considering the 3.79 percent average annual growth rate. With the annual growth rate of 2.6 percent, South Cotabato is expected to reach 1.2 million in 30-year period.

Looking at the city level, General Santos is expected to reach a level of 1.1 million by year 2030 at an average annual growth rate of 5.1 percent, followed by Cotabato City at 272,445 at 2.58 percent growth rate. Koronadal City is expected to reach 202,521 persons after 30 years

at 2.1 percent growth rate; Kidapawan City will be having 188,328 persons at 3.1 percent growth rate and Tacurong City will have 151,888 persons at 3.5 percent growth rate.

The top five municipalities with the biggest population count by 2030 are the following: T’boli in South Cotabato (399,950); Malungon (387,597) and Glan (216,101) both in Sarangani province; Lake Sebu in South Cotabato (212,010); and Midsayap, in Cotabato (210,772).

The rapid growth of population in T’boli could be attributed to natural increase, migration and economic activities like mining and tourism. But, since T’boli is situated in mountainous part of South Cotabato, further pressures of settlement have to be managed with restraint in consideration of the physicallimitations and environmental constraints of the area. Malungon and Glan’s population in Sarangani could be due to the boom of production, commercial crop plantation, eco-tourism and small to medium scale industries in the area.

85,540,85796,028,614

107,802,224121,019,342135,856,946152,513,719

20,334,76422,894,90925,777,37629,022,74532,676,70636,790,701

3,715,2764,304,5104,987,6855,779,2886,696,5277,759,32

200520102015202020252030

PhilippinesMindanaoRegion XIIYear

85,540,85796,028,614

107,802,224121,019,342135,856,946152,513,719

20,334,76422,894,90925,777,37629,022,74532,676,70636,790,701

3,715,2764,304,5104,987,6855,779,2886,696,5277,759,32

200520102015202020252030

PhilippinesMindanaoRegion XIIYear

Table 2.2 Population Projection, 2005-2030

Source of data: NSO XII

Map 2.2 Map Showing Projected Population Size


c. Doubling of Population

Should the 1990-2000 average annual growth rate of 2.99 percent prevail until the succeeding years, the population of the region is expected to double in twenty three (23) years, or by 2023. By then, the region is expected to have 6.4 million people. The region is expected to double its popu-lation five years earlier than the Mindanao’s and six years earlier than the Philippines’ doubling time.

The area which will have the shortest time to double its population is General Santos City. At the rate of 5.10 percent, General Santos City will double in just 13 years and that will be by 2013. At a rate of 3.79 percent, Sarangani’s population will double in 2018 which is 18 years from the 2000 census. Cotabato’s population will take a longer

period to double its population at a rate of 2.2 per-cent, and that would be in 2031 or after 31 years.

The rate by which population will double has significant implication on settlement considering the land requirement and basic social amenities and services required to provide for basic human needs. General Santos City, theonly highly urbanized center in the region, record-ing the shortest time by which its population will double, would have to prepare for the expansion areas by developing suburbs for housing, and in-stitutions to cater to health and education needs of the emergent populace. Considering further, that at present, the city also posted the highest population density, the neighboring settlements shall prepare for the high probability of hosting the spill over of development and people in their localities.

d. Population Density

There were about 90 persons per sq. km in the region in 1980. This increased to 168 persons per sq. km in 2000 increase of about 87 percent for a period of 20 years.

Compared to the national figure of 255 persons per sq. km, the region was about 87

152,997,47036,267,728

6,444,3381,714,8761,113,8841,020,302

821,244327,698202,410267,572152,708823,644

202920282023203120262022201820272022203320262013

292823312622182722332613

2.342.402.992.202.603.073.792.583.152.092.655.10

PhilippinesMindanaoRegion XII

Cotabato ProvinceSouth Cotabato Sultan KudaratSaranganiCotabato CityKidapawan CityKoronadal CityTacurong CityGeneral Santos City

YearNo. of Years Expected PopulationDoubling Time1990-2000

AAGRArea

152,997,47036,267,728

6,444,3381,714,8761,113,8841,020,302

821,244327,698202,410267,572152,708823,644

202920282023203120262022201820272022203320262013

292823312622182722332613

2.342.402.992.202.603.073.792.583.152.092.655.10

PhilippinesMindanaoRegion XII

Cotabato ProvinceSouth Cotabato Sultan KudaratSaranganiCotabato CityKidapawan CityKoronadal CityTacurong CityGeneral Santos City

YearNo. of Years Expected PopulationDoubling Time1990-2000

AAGRArea

Table 2.3 Doubling the Population, By Area

persons per sq. km less dense and 10 persons per sq. km lesser than Mindanao’s man-land ratio of 178 persons per sq. km.

Based on three census years (1980, 1990 and 2000), Cotabato City and General Santos City consistently registered the most densely populated cities, the fact that they are also the two major urban centers in the region. These are followed by

Source of Basic Data NSO XII


216.64617.5501.9371.9Koronadal City

354.19285.7209.5154.9Kidapawan City

668.49616.0374.6223.5General Santos City

147.881,108.0859.2567.2Cotabato City

4,378.00115.985.758.6Sultan Kudarat Province

3,522.30157.8122.091.0So. Cotabato Province

3,696.60111.176.659.3Sarangani Province

6,019.80142.4114.684.7Cotabato Province

19,165.86167.9125.089.7Region XII

101,587.0178.5140.7107.3Mindanao

300,000.0255.0202.3160.3Philippines

200019901980Land Area(sq. km)

Population Density (persons/sq. km)Province/City

216.64617.5501.9371.9Koronadal City

354.19285.7209.5154.9Kidapawan City

668.49616.0374.6223.5General Santos City

147.881,108.0859.2567.2Cotabato City

4,378.00115.985.758.6Sultan Kudarat Province

3,522.30157.8122.091.0So. Cotabato Province

3,696.60111.176.659.3Sarangani Province

6,019.80142.4114.684.7Cotabato Province

19,165.86167.9125.089.7Region XII

101,587.0178.5140.7107.3Mindanao

300,000.0255.0202.3160.3Philippines

200019901980Land Area(sq. km)


Table 2.4 Population Density, 1980, 1990 & 2000, by Area

the newly created cities of Koronadal, Tacurong and Kidapawan with617.5, 471.4 and 285.7 population density (2000), respectively. Sarangani had the least dense population followed by Sultan Kudarat.

By municipality, the top 3 municipalities with high population density in 1980 were Norala at 324.3 persons/sq. km.; followed by Banga at 272.4 persons/sq. km. both in South Cotabato; and Midsayap in Cotabato province, at 244 persons/sq. km. While in 1990, the top 3 municipalities in terms of population density were Banga (322.5 persons/sq. km); Polomolok (317.4); and Midsayap (306.3); in 2000, Polomolok has the highest population density of 393.2 persons/sq. km; followed by Midsayap at 385.4 persons/sq. km.; and Banga with a population density of 373.2 persons/sq. km.

e. Projected Population Density

The region’s population density is expected to reach 406 persons/sq. kilometer by 2030, about

Source of Land Area: Land Management Bureau XII

238 persons/sq. km higher than the 168 persons/sq. km. recorded in 2000.

A higher growth in population density is expected in the cities as compared with the provinces of the region.

At the municipal level, the following municipalities are expected to be more densely populated in year 2030, as compared with other municipalities of the region, to wit: Pres. Quirino, Sultan Kudarat (847 persons/sq. km); Midsayap, Cotabato (768 persons/sq. km); Polomolok, South Cotabato (747 persons/sq. km); Malungon, Sarangani (686 persons/sq. km); and Pigcawayan, Cotabato and Sto. Niño, South Cotabato at 602 persons/sq. km.

Map 2.3 Population Density Map

Map 2.4 Projected Population Density Map


668.492,7411,6661,013General Santos City

147.882,3761,8421,429Cotabato City

4,378.00287212157Sultan Kudarat Province

3,522.30341264204So. Cotabato Province

3,696.60339234161Sarangani Province

6,019.80274220177Cotabato Province

19,165.86406303225Region XII

203020202010

Land Area(sq. km)


668.492,7411,6661,013General Santos City

147.882,3761,8421,429Cotabato City

4,378.00287212157Sultan Kudarat Province

3,522.30341264204So. Cotabato Province

3,696.60339234161Sarangani Province

6,019.80274220177Cotabato Province

19,165.86406303225Region XII

203020202010

Land Area(sq. km)


Table 2.5 Population Density Projection, 2010, 2020, & 2030, By Area

f. Population Distribution

Urban-Rural Population

The region’s total population in 1990 was 2,399,812. This grew to 3,222,169 in 2000, post-ing an increment of 34.27%. Urban population in 1990 was 896,727, or 37.37 % of the total popula-tion. In 2000, urban population rose to 1,271,765 or 39.47% of the total population in the same year, a difference of 2.1 percentage points. Be-tween 1990 and 2000, the urban growth rate was 3.56%.

Population in Region XII is predominantly rural, comprising 65.3 percent of the total popu-lation in 2000 census while the remaining 34.7 percent comprised the urban population. Basi-cally, most of the rural population engaged in agri-cultural activities. Those that were in urban areas, mostly, were in industryand services sectors. Across provinces and cities, Cotabato Prov-ince accounts for slightly more than one-fourth (26.61%) of the population of the region in 2000. South Cotabato comes next with 556,942 popula-tion or 17.85%; Sultan Kudarat province, 15.83%; Cotabato City, 12.78%; and Sarangani province, 12.74% of the region’s total population.

With respect to urban population, only

21.6% of the entire population of the province of Cotabato constitutes its urban population. It was overtaken by South Cotabato with 31.01% of its populace residing in urban areas, followed by Sultan Kudarat province with 26.08%. Compared with urban population in 1990, all four provinces exhibited a decreasing trend in 2000. The emigration of some rural population in the provinces to their component and adjacent cities partly explains this phenomenon. Apparently, majority of the cities, except General Santos, indicated positive growth in urban population. Kidapawan city’s urban population drastically rose from 26.85% to 47.07%, also for Tacurong City from 54.99% to 74.19%. These are relatively infant but continuously growing cities.

Sex Ratio

The ratio of males to females in a particular population is called its sex ratio. For Region XII, the sex ratio is 104.3 males for every 100 females as of 1990, and it decreased to 103.9 males for every female in 2000. Across provinces and cities, all areas were male dominated except for Cotabato City, where there were only 94.6 and 95.1 males for every 100 females in 1990 and 2000, respectively.

The predominance of males gradually decreases with age since females have greater life expectancies. In 1990, the life expectancy rate


59,34917,00576,354Tacurong City

80,12053,666133,786Koronadal City

53,57247,633101,205Kidapawan City

69,997341,825411,822General Santos City

-163,849163,849Cotabato City

401,001109,150510,151Sultan Kudarat

420,158136,784556,942South Cotabato

343,66066,962410,622Sarangani

675,039182,399857,438Cotabato Province

2,102,8961,119,2733,222,169Region XII

RuralUrbanTotal Population

2000Province/City

59,34917,00576,354Tacurong City

80,12053,666133,786Koronadal City

53,57247,633101,205Kidapawan City

69,997341,825411,822General Santos City

-163,849163,849Cotabato City

401,001109,150510,151Sultan Kudarat

420,158136,784556,942South Cotabato

343,66066,962410,622Sarangani

675,039182,399857,438Cotabato Province

2,102,8961,119,2733,222,169Region XII

RuralUrbanTotal Population

2000Province/City

Table 2.6 Urban-Rural Population, 2000, By Area

Source: NSO XII

(ER) for female in the Philippines was 67.5 and is expected to reach 73.8 by 2010 based on NSO projection. The highest ER for Cotabato province which included Kidapawan City was estimated at 66.7 for females and 61 for males, while the lowest

was in Cotabato City at 55.2 for females and 51 for males. The lowest ER Practices such as migration (as when large numbers of males move away from home in search of employment) also have an impact on sex ratios.

104.8105.0105.6105.795.1102.7101.8102.4101.6

105.0104.7106.3106.994.6

-101.6102.8102.4

Cotabato ProvinceSouth CotabatoSultan KudaratSaranganiCotabato CityKidapawan CityKoronadal CityTacurong CityGeneral Santos City

103.9104.3Region XII

20001990Area

104.8105.0105.6105.795.1102.7101.8102.4101.6

105.0104.7106.3106.994.6

-101.6102.8102.4

Cotabato ProvinceSouth CotabatoSultan KudaratSaranganiCotabato CityKidapawan CityKoronadal CityTacurong CityGeneral Santos City

103.9104.3Region XII

20001990Area

Table 2.7 Sex Ratio, 1990 & 2000, By Area, Region XII

Source: NSO XII


Age Structure

More than half (57.4 percent) of the region’s population belong to the economically productive group (ages 15-64 yrs. old). About 39.7 percent are ages 0-14 yrs. old and the remaining 2.9 percent are ages 65 and over.

Age Dependency Ratio

Age dependency ratio is the number of de-pendents (aged 0-14 and 65 and over) for every 100 persons in the productive age group (aged 15-64). In 2000, the region has about 74 dependents for every 100 persons in the productive age group. Of the 74 dependents, 69 belong to the young ages (under 15) while the remaining 5 consist of the elderly.

Ethnic Composition

In the 1990 census, it was revealed that the region has more than 70 dialects spoken by various ethnic groups. Majority comprised Hili-gaynon (Ilongo) with 37 percent of the total popu-lation. This was followed byCebuano at 24 percent; and Maguindanaon which constitutes around 17 percent of the region’s pop-ulation.

The provinces of Cotabato, South Cotabato (Sa-rangani included) and Sultan Kudarat aredominated by Ilongos. In Cotabato City, the dominant dialect is Maguindanaon; and in Gen-eral Santos City, Cebuano. Other major dialects spoken are Ilocano, Manobo, Tagalog, B’laan, Ma-ranao, T’boli and Waray.

91,899 56,894 65 & over

1,846,995 1,305,610 15-64

1,276,333 1,033,690 0-14REGION XII

9,415 4,568 65 & over

248,241 140,971 15-64

153,192 103,959 0-14Gen. Santos City

3,860 2,475 65 & over

100,039 74,975 15-64

57,618 49,186 0-14Cotabato City

16,097 9,912 65 & over

331,728 235,546 15-64(Including Tacurong)

237,943 189,996 0-14Sultan Kudarat

21,537 14,178 65 & over

399,295 292,616 15-64(Including Koronadal)

268,831 231,633 0-14South Cotabato

10,251 6,197 65 & over

226,825 150,848 15-64

173,061 125,985 0-14Sarangani

30,739 19,564 65 & over

540,867 410,654 15-64(Including Kidapawan)

385,688 332,931 0-14Cotabato Province

20001990

Household PopulationAge GroupArea

91,899 56,894 65 & over

1,846,995 1,305,610 15-64

1,276,333 1,033,690 0-14REGION XII

9,415 4,568 65 & over

248,241 140,971 15-64

153,192 103,959 0-14Gen. Santos City

3,860 2,475 65 & over

100,039 74,975 15-64

57,618 49,186 0-14Cotabato City

16,097 9,912 65 & over

331,728 235,546 15-64(Including Tacurong)

237,943 189,996 0-14Sultan Kudarat

21,537 14,178 65 & over

399,295 292,616 15-64(Including Koronadal)

268,831 231,633 0-14South Cotabato

10,251 6,197 65 & over

226,825 150,848 15-64

173,061 125,985 0-14Sarangani

30,739 19,564 65 & over

540,867 410,654 15-64(Including Kidapawan)

385,688 332,931 0-14Cotabato Province

20001990

Household PopulationAge GroupArea

Table 2.8 Household Population by Age Group, by Area, Region XII, 1990 & 2000

Source: NSO XII


76.872.676.480.760.165.3

85.984.084.987.668.977.0

Cotabato 1/

South Cotabato 2/

Sultan Kudarat 3/

SaranganiCotabato CityGeneral Santos City

73.183.2Region XII

20001990

Age Dependency Ratio by Province/CityArea

76.872.676.480.760.165.3

85.984.084.987.668.977.0

Cotabato 1/

South Cotabato 2/

Sultan Kudarat 3/

SaranganiCotabato CityGeneral Santos City

73.183.2Region XII

20001990

Age Dependency Ratio by Province/CityArea

Table 2.9 Age Dependency Ratio, 1990 & 2000, By Area

1/ Includes Kidapawan City2/ Includes Koronadal City3/ Includes Tacurong City

Source: NSO XII

Cebuano 25.0%

Waray 0.3%

T'boli 0.6%

Maranao 0.6%

Ilocano 9.5%

Manobo 2.3%

Tagalog 3.6%

Bilaan 1.2%

Maguindanao 18.2%

Ilongo 38.7%

Figure 2.3 Language/ Dialect Generally Spoken,. By household, Region XII, 1999

g. Movement of Population

Migration

Net migration rate is the ratio of the difference between the in-migrants and out-migrants in a population to the mid-year population during the same period. Cotabato province and Cotabato city were characterized by negative net migration

rate, which means there were more people going out or out-migrants, from 1990 until year 2020. On the other hand, in-migration was prevalent in the provinces of South Cotabato, Sarangani and Sultan Kudarat.


-0.012763-0.023696

-0.012763-0.023696

-0.012589-0.020648

-0.012417-0.017992

-0.012248-0.015677

-0.012081-0.013661

Cotabato CityMaleFemale

0.0018490.000641

0.0018490.000641

0.0025310.000918

0.0034650.001314

0.0047420.001881

0.0064910.002693

Sultan KudaratMaleFemale

0.0674890.091745

0.6748900.091745

0.5379500.066640

0.4287900.048405

0.0341780.035160

0.0272430.025539

SaranganiMaleFemale

0.0730900.100576

0.0730900.100576

0.0575860.072060

0.0453700.051629

0.0357460.036990

0.0281630.026502

South Cotabato

Male Female

-0.0045550.008313

-0.004555-0.008313

-0.003961-0.007229

-0.003601-0.006571

-0.003430-0.006259

-0.003430-0.006259

Cotabato Prov.MaleFemale

2015-2020

2010-20152005-2010

2000-2005

1995-2000

1990-1995

Area

-0.012763-0.023696

-0.012763-0.023696

-0.012589-0.020648

-0.012417-0.017992

-0.012248-0.015677

-0.012081-0.013661

Cotabato CityMaleFemale

0.0018490.000641

0.0018490.000641

0.0025310.000918

0.0034650.001314

0.0047420.001881

0.0064910.002693

Sultan KudaratMaleFemale

0.0674890.091745

0.6748900.091745

0.5379500.066640

0.4287900.048405

0.0341780.035160

0.0272430.025539

SaranganiMaleFemale

0.0730900.100576

0.0730900.100576

0.0575860.072060

0.0453700.051629

0.0357460.036990

0.0281630.026502

South Cotabato

Male Female

-0.0045550.008313

-0.004555-0.008313

-0.003961-0.007229

-0.003601-0.006571

-0.003430-0.006259

-0.003430-0.006259

Cotabato Prov.MaleFemale

2015-2020

2010-20152005-2010

2000-2005

1995-2000

1990-1995

Area

Table 2.10 Projection of Sex-Specifi c Net Migration Rates by Province/City, 1990-2020

Source: NSO XII

8,119 7,560 18,635 11,446 12,791 20,431 78,982 Not Stated

3,183 967 2,483 1,080 1,764 2,871 12,348 Post Baccalaureate

16,853 8,277 11,097 2,505 18,567 18,648 75,947 Academic Degree Holder

43,234 23,900 38,455 16,192 50,761 65,459 238,001 College Undergraduate

13,485 4,447 10,064 3,147 22,683 19,155 72,981 Post Secondary

115,599 35,633 135,299 68,544 175,295 221,973 752,343 High School

130,125 44,422 217,614 181,831 247,193 381,751 1,202,936 Elementary

10,558 2,351 12,774 7,536 18,065 19,848 71,132 Pre-School

15,929 14,247 61,426 59,276 54,873 82,316 288,067 No grade completed

Gen. Santos

CityCot. CitySultan

KudaratSaran-

ganiSouth

CotabatoCotabato ProvinceRegion XIIHighest Educational

Attainment

8,119 7,560 18,635 11,446 12,791 20,431 78,982 Not Stated

3,183 967 2,483 1,080 1,764 2,871 12,348 Post Baccalaureate

16,853 8,277 11,097 2,505 18,567 18,648 75,947 Academic Degree Holder

43,234 23,900 38,455 16,192 50,761 65,459 238,001 College Undergraduate

13,485 4,447 10,064 3,147 22,683 19,155 72,981 Post Secondary

115,599 35,633 135,299 68,544 175,295 221,973 752,343 High School

130,125 44,422 217,614 181,831 247,193 381,751 1,202,936 Elementary

10,558 2,351 12,774 7,536 18,065 19,848 71,132 Pre-School

15,929 14,247 61,426 59,276 54,873 82,316 288,067 No grade completed

Gen. Santos

CityCot. CitySultan

KudaratSaran-

ganiSouth

CotabatoCotabato ProvinceRegion XIIHighest Educational

Attainment

Table 2.11 Highest Grade Completed of Household Population, By Province/City, 2000

Source: NSO XII


h. Educational Status

Population by Educational Attainment

Based on NSO data, in 2000, about 43 pe cent of the household population 5 years old and over in the region, completed elementary educa-tion, and 27 percent reached high school level. While those holding college degrees constituted 2.7 percent of the population. Besides, around 10 percent of the total household population had no grade completed. Proportion of household population who had earned academic degree was higher in Cotabato and General Santos cities at 5.8 and 4.7 percent.

Literacy Rate

Simple Literacy

Simple literacy refers to the ability of a population aged 10-64 years old to read and write simple message in any language or dialect. In 1994, simple literacy among the population was highest in Cotabato City at about 97.66 percent. Also, male and female literacy rates in Cotabato City were recorded the highest at 98.11 percent and 97.27 percent, respectively. On the other hand, Cotabato Province recorded the lowest simple literacy rate at 89.36 percent with male literacy rates at 89.76 percent and female literacy rate at 88.91 percent.

Table 2.12 Simple and Functional Literacy by Province and City, Region XII, CY 1994

Source: NSO XII81.74 75.3588.75General Santos City

93.9492.7395.00Cotabato City

78.6376.7180.67Sultan Kudarat

73.6370.5376.76South Cotabato

72.7679.8176.07Cotabato Province

Functional Literacy

96.7297.2496.14General Santos City





Simple Literacy

Both SexesMaleFemaleProvince/City

81.74 75.3588.75General Santos City





Functional Literacy

96.7297.2496.14General Santos City





Simple Literacy

Both SexesMaleFemaleProvince/City

Functional Literacy

Functional literacy refers to the ability of the population aged 10-64 years old to perform basic numerical skills. In 1994, highest functional litera-cy was in Cotabato City where 93.94 percent were found to be functionally literate. This means that ten (10) out of 100 had deficiency in numeracy skills. Cotabato Province had the lowest function-al literacy rate at 72.76 percent.

Enrolment

Enrolment in the public elementary schools showed moderate increase by about 2.0 percent from 532,580 in SY 2001-2002 to 541,460 in SY 2002-2003. In the secondary level, enrolment posted 187,186 in SY 2000-2001 to 224,951, for SY 2002-2003 noting an increase of 9.10 percent.

The enrolment record in the region exhibits fluctuating trend as observed during each school


219,26661,32520,93035,65435,54513,905

200,94457,16519,20243,56632,48512,713

187,18659,89717,25236,83529,91111,815

b. SecondaryRegion XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan Kudarat

541,460157,63671,01989,76695,41827,52763,22716,98019,888

532,580151,40068,634

110,32995,25126,74263,54616,678

538,427165,42463,609

111,44293,58126,43361,40716,531

ENROLMENTa. Elementary

Region XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth CotabatoSultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

2002-20032001-20022000-2001INDICATORS BY PROVINCE

219,26661,32520,93035,65435,54513,905

200,94457,16519,20243,56632,48512,713

187,18659,89717,25236,83529,91111,815

b. SecondaryRegion XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan Kudarat

541,460157,63671,01989,76695,41827,52763,22716,98019,888

532,580151,40068,634

110,32995,25126,74263,54616,678

538,427165,42463,609

111,44293,58126,43361,40716,531

ENROLMENTa. Elementary

Region XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth CotabatoSultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

2002-20032001-20022000-2001INDICATORS BY PROVINCE

Table 2.13 Public Elementary and Secondary Education Enrolment, SY 2000-2001 to SY 2001-2003, Region XII

Source: NSO XII

year which could be as-cribed to unstable peace and order condition and rising cost of education. This condition somehow caused disturbance in the regular and continu-ous education of school-going children.

Participation Rate

E l e m e n t a r y participation rate (PR) measures the proportion of schoolgoing population who are actually in school. The PR in public schools showed a very slight increase between SY 2000-2001 and SY 2001-2002 from 92.37 Regional Physical Framework Plan, 2004-2030 2-17 percent to 92.91 percent, respectively. In SY 2002-2003, PR showed a decrease to 78.56 percent.

Across provinces and cities, the participation rate in public elementary was highest in Cotabato City in SY 2000-2001 at 99.90 percent and lowest in Sarangani at 67.61 percent. In the following year, SY 2001-2002, PR was highest in General Santos City at 104.75 percent and lowest in South Cotabato at 84.41 percent. For SY 2002-2003, PR was again highest in Cotabato City at 91.65 percent, and lowest in Sarangani Province at 73.03 percent.

In the secondary level, slight improvements in PR from 72.13 percent in SY 2000-2001 to 72.96 percent in SY 2001-2002 was noted. However, in SY 2002-2003 PR in all areas were very low based on the new formula used by DepEd in computing PR. Highest PR was in General Santos City while the lowest PR was noted in Sarangani. Low participation rate may be attributed to a number of children of indigenous peoples from the hinterlands that either do not have enough access to basic education or are forced to work to augment family income.

Cohort-Survival Rate

School-aged children who enter Grade I must be able to finish elementary for six consecutive years and those enrolled in first year high school must also complete the secondary education for four consecutive years to assure a 100 percent survival rate at both levels. Cohort-Survival Rate (CSR) in the elementary posted 66.05 percent in SY 2000-2001 to 53.29 percent in SY 2002-2003. Despite massive advocacy about children’s rights and parents’ responsibilities under the Child-Friendly Movement program of government with UNICEF, CSR is generally very low in the region. The lowest CSR in the elementary level was consistently noted in Sarangani for two school years, 2000-2001 to 2002-2002. In SY 2002-2003, CSR was lowest in Kidapawan City.

In the secondary level, regional data on CSR was recorded at 68.06 percent in SY 2000-2001 and 71.52 percent in SY 2001-2002. However, in SY 2002-2003, CSR showed a decrease of 61.86 percent.


43.2943.2031.6741.0737.2559.8254.3554.2758.42

72.9676.4141.3660.9768.6592.4871.1999.66n.d.a

72.1373.9838.6556.8472.0398.8664.6999.83n.d.a

b. SecondaryRegion XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

78.5683.4073.0375.6175.0591.6580.3173.4376.37

92.9197.2499.8184.4195.7688.26

104.7591.32n.d.a

92.3798.9467.6181.3598.3799.9091.2591.49n.d.a

PARTICIPATION RATEa. Elementary

Region XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato Sultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

2002-20032001-20022000-2001INDICATORS BY PROVINCE/CITY

43.2943.2031.6741.0737.2559.8254.3554.2758.42

72.9676.4141.3660.9768.6592.4871.1999.66n.d.a

72.1373.9838.6556.8472.0398.8664.6999.83n.d.a

b. SecondaryRegion XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

78.5683.4073.0375.6175.0591.6580.3173.4376.37

92.9197.2499.8184.4195.7688.26

104.7591.32n.d.a

92.3798.9467.6181.3598.3799.9091.2591.49n.d.a

PARTICIPATION RATEa. Elementary

Region XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato Sultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

2002-20032001-20022000-2001INDICATORS BY PROVINCE/CITY

Table 2.14 Public Elementary & Secondary Education Participation Rate, SY 2000-2001 to SY 2001-2003, Region XII

n.d.a. - No Data AvailableSource: NSO XII

61.8656.2950.3264.6758.1863.5658.0459.2949.63

71.5268.0059.1766.8161.5688.7281.8874.50

68.6664.2361.5866.2161.3873.6979.8373.73

Region XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

53.2948.2051.4559.9449.1652.5667.0647.0459.20

63.7756.4551.8464.9761.6964.3581.8665.24

66.0554.0045.7871.3663.2367.4376.7283.81

COHORT-SURVIVAL RATERegion XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

2002-20032001-20022000-2001INDICATOR BY PROVINCE/CITY

61.8656.2950.3264.6758.1863.5658.0459.2949.63

71.5268.0059.1766.8161.5688.7281.8874.50

68.6664.2361.5866.2161.3873.6979.8373.73

Region XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

53.2948.2051.4559.9449.1652.5667.0647.0459.20

63.7756.4551.8464.9761.6964.3581.8665.24

66.0554.0045.7871.3663.2367.4376.7283.81

COHORT-SURVIVAL RATERegion XIICotabato ProvinceSaranganiSouth Cotabato CitySultan KudaratCotabato CityGeneral Santos CityKidapawan CityKoronadal City

2002-20032001-20022000-2001INDICATOR BY PROVINCE/CITY

Table 2.14 Public Elementary & Secondary Education Cohort-Survival Rate, SY 2000-2001 to SY 2001-2003, Region XII

Source: NSO XII


i. Health Status

Crude Birth Rate

In 2001, the crude birth rate (CBR) for the region was placed at 18 births per 1,000 popula-tion, which slightly increased to 20 births per 1,000 population in 2003. Looking at the downtrend in CBR for the last three years somehow implies gains from the region’s population management program.

Across provinces, Sultan Kuda-rat registered the highest CBR at 21.4 while General Santos City also post-ed the highest at 27.0 among the cit-ies. Apparently, General Santos City also registered the fastest doubling time of population.

Crude Death Rate

The crude death rate (CDR) or the total deaths from all ages in the region indicated fluctuating trend from 2001 to 2003. For provinces and cities, Cotabato City registered the most number of deaths since 2001 while Sarangani posted the least number of deaths for the past three years. It could be observed that those areas with lower CBR have relatively higher

CDR. Conversely, those LGUs with higher CBR also registered lower CDR. This suggests that the growth of population is directly influenced by the trend in CBR and CDR.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The infant mortality rate expresses the prob-ability of death in the first year of life, usually stat-ed as a number per 1,000 livebirths.

The incidence of infant mortality exhibited a downtrend from 2001 to 2003. Between 2001 and 2003, the figure decreased from 11 infant deaths

for every 1,000 livebirths to 5.3 per 1,000 livebirths. Among the provinces, South Cotabato has the highest incidence of infant deaths since 2001, followed by Sultan Kudarat Province. Across cities, General Santos registered consistently the most number of infant deaths in the past three years. Compared with the national figure however, the re-gions IMR is still lower than the national target of 32 by 2004.

Crude Death Rate By Province/CityRegion XII, CYs 2001-2003

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2001 2002 2003

Per 1

,000

Pop

ulat

ion

��

��

��

��

Source: DOH XII, P/CHOs

Crude Death Rate By Province/CityRegion XII, CYs 2001-2003

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2001 2002 2003

Per 1

,000

Pop

ulat

ion

��

��

��

��


Figure 2.4 Crude Death Rate by Province/City, Region XII, CYs 2001-2003

Infant Mortality Ratio By Province/CityRegion XII, CYs 2001-2003

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

2001 2002 2003

Per 1

,000

live

birth

s

��

��

��

��

��

��

��


Infant Mortality Ratio By Province/CityRegion XII, CYs 2001-2003

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

2001 2002 2003

Per 1

,000

live

birth

s

��

��

��

��

��

��

��


Figure 2.5 Infant Mortality Rate by Province/City, Region XII, CYs 2001-2003


Maternal Mortality Ratio By Province/CityRegion XII, CYs 2001-2003

0

1

2

3

4

5

��

��

��

��

��

��

Provinces/Cities

Per 1

,000

live

birh

ts

2001 2002 2003Source: DOH XII, P/CHOs

Maternal Mortality Ratio By Province/CityRegion XII, CYs 2001-2003

0

1

2

3

4

5

��

��

��

��

��

��

Provinces/Cities

Per 1

,000

live

birh

ts

2001 2002 2003Source: DOH XII, P/CHOs

Leading causes of infant deaths are the common infectious but preventable diseases like pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome and diarrhea. They remained to be the leading infant killer-disease in the region. Health andnutrition condition of infants directly affect their chances to survive. Other indirect causes of infant deaths are inadequate quality prenatal care and malnutrition among pregnant women which most often than not, result to infants mborn with congenital disorders and defects.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

In terms of maternal mortality or the number of mothers who died due to pregnancy or as

a result of childbirth, the incidence is also on a declining trend, from 1.3 in 2001 to 0.7 per 1,000 livebirths in 2003. Just like infant mortality, the leading causes of maternal deaths were the common preventable diseases such as post-partum hemorrhage or bleeding after childbirth, septicemia, hypertension and its complications and obstructed labor. Maternal deaths also occurred because of failure to detect high-risk pregnancies earlier due to irregular or no pre-natal check ups at all.

Figure 2.6 Maternal Mortality Rate by Province/City, Region XII, CYs 2001-2003

Health Manpower Complement

On health manpower, as of 2003, the total number of government physicians in Region XII was 163; nurses, 245; dentists, 57; nutritionists, 17; medical technologists, 70; midwives, 810; sanitary inspectors, 80; and Ba-rangay Health Workers (BHWs), 6,613. Most of the health professionals are stationed in Rural Health Units and/or government hospi-tals, leaving the rural folks with limited choice but to seek health services of midwives who, most of the times, are covering more than just one barangay.

Based on the current ratio of health manpower to population, particularly doctors, midwives and sanitary inspectors, the region is in need of additional doctors and sanitary inspectors due to backlog. In 2003, on the average, one doc-tor (MHO) served around 21,823 persons over the standard of 1:20,000; while a sanitary inspec-tor served about 44,465 persons, more than double the standard ratio of 1:20,000. For nurses and midwives, the ratios are within the standard level. Among the LGUs, Cotabato Province need an addi-tional of about 31 doctors and 30

sanitary inspectors, while General Santos City need anadditional of about 30 doctors, 67 midwives and 10 sanitary inspectors to be ableto cater adequately to the health care needs of the current population.


Hospital Bed Population Ratio and Hospital Bed Backlog

As of 2003, the region has a total of 3,237 hospital beds both in public and private hospitals. Of this number, 1,140 are found in the government hospitals while 2,097 beds are in private hospitals. Considering both public and private hospital

beds, the hospital bed to population ratio is 1:1,099, which is still within the standard ratio of 1: 2,000.

Table 2.17 Hospital Beds & Bed Population Ratio (Government & Private) By Province/City, Region XII, CY 2003

* - Data for Koronadal City and Tacurong City are integrated with South Cotabato & Sultan Kudarat data, respectivelySource: FHSIS, DOH-CHD XII

9191 : 3,2051 : 1,0993,2372,097301,110Region XII

420 : 108,2291 : 474179179Tacurong City

--1 : 4381 : 642224124100Koronadal City

540 : 108,2291 : 467232232Kidapawan City

1361 : 4,7201 : 800590490100General Santos City

--1 : 8701 : 470370170200Cotabato City

1651 : 5,0091 : 1,570351241110Sultan Kudarat

2541 : 11,2371 : 1,76635029555South Cotabato

1661 : 6,7341 : 6,20276670Sarangani

2421 : 3,6621 : 1,51861536030225Cotabato

NON-DOH

DOH

PRIVATE

GOVERNMENTHOSPITAL

BED BACKLOG

GOVT HOSPITAL

BED-POPULA-

TION RATIO

Total BED-

POPULA-TION

RATIO

TOTAL BEDS

(Govt & Private)

NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED BEDS

PROVINCE/CITY

9191 : 3,2051 : 1,0993,2372,097301,110Region XII

420 : 108,2291 : 474179179Tacurong City

--1 : 4381 : 642224124100Koronadal City

540 : 108,2291 : 467232232Kidapawan City

1361 : 4,7201 : 800590490100General Santos City

--1 : 8701 : 470370170200Cotabato City

1651 : 5,0091 : 1,570351241110Sultan Kudarat

2541 : 11,2371 : 1,76635029555South Cotabato

1661 : 6,7341 : 6,20276670Sarangani

2421 : 3,6621 : 1,51861536030225Cotabato

NON-DOH

DOH

PRIVATE

GOVERNMENTHOSPITAL

BED BACKLOG

GOVT HOSPITAL

BED-POPULA-

TION RATIO

Total BED-

POPULA-TION

RATIO

TOTAL BEDS

(Govt & Private)

NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED BEDS

PROVINCE/CITY

Table 2.16 Distribution of Government Health Manpower Complement by Province/City, Region XII, CY 2003

98-1580810577017245163Region XII

Tacurong City *

Koronadal City *

2-335021152Kidapawan City

106715142752279General Santos City

--595522084Cotabato City

No data--No data166132056542Sultan Kudarat

14--24208163258971South Cotabato

11-513949723519Sarangani

30-311721010623616Cotabato

SANITARY INSPTRS

MID-WIVES

DOC-TORS

SANITARY INSPTRS

MID-WIVES

DEN-TISTS

MED. TECHNO

NUTRI-TIONISTS

NUR-SES

DOC-TORS

Health Manpower BacklogNumber of Government Health Personnel/WorkersProvince/

City

98-1580810577017245163Region XII

Tacurong City *

Koronadal City *

2-335021152Kidapawan City

106715142752279General Santos City

--595522084Cotabato City

No data--No data166132056542Sultan Kudarat

14--24208163258971South Cotabato

11-513949723519Sarangani

30-311721010623616Cotabato

SANITARY INSPTRS

MID-WIVES

DOC-TORS

SANITARY INSPTRS

MID-WIVES

DEN-TISTS

MED. TECHNO

NUTRI-TIONISTS

NUR-SES

DOC-TORS

Health Manpower BacklogNumber of Government Health Personnel/WorkersProvince/

City


2.1.2 Settlements

Settlements are defined as areas where concentrations of population are engaged in economic, political, cultural and social activities. In Region XII, these settlements vary from small agriculture- based rural towns to primary urban areas with population ranging to hundreds of thousand. Rural settlements are basically agriculture-based settlements while urban centers are those where certain functions and higher level of services can be found related to commercial, trade and industry, service and administrative services.

a. Urbanization and Settlement Pattern

Urban- Rural Population Growth

Region XII is characterized as predominantly rural having registered a very minimal change in its urban population between 1990 and 2000. Majority of the region’s population still reside in rural areas that constitute about sixty-five (65) percent of the total populace. The settlements in the southern part of the region are also predominantly agriculture-based. This pattern is mirrored by the positive increment of the agriculture’s share in the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) while the industrial sector’s contribution indicated a decreasing trend.

The urban growth rate for the whole of Region XII from 1990-2000 was posted at 3.56. Across provinces and cities, Kidapawan City posted the highest growth in urban population at 9.11; Tacurong City, 5.77; Cotabato Province, 4.62; closely followed by General Santos City with 4.23. Sultan Kudarat, SouthCotabato, Koronadal City and Cotabato City showed almost the same pace of urban growth, growing at over 2 percent rate, while the lowest was Sarangani Province with 1.98.

Tempo of Urbanization

Across provinces, the province of South Cotabato posted the fastest urbanization as urban population increased from 21 percent in 1980 to 31 percent in 1990. Among the fast urbanizing towns in the regions are those situated in the said province, such as Polomolok and Tupi. For the cities, Cotabato and General Santos are considered highly urbanized while the relatively new cities of Kidapawan, Tacurong, and Koronadal still have population in rural areas.

Notably, two of the fastest growing areas are the newly established cities of Kidapawan and Tacurong. The infusion of infrastructure support and improvement of existing ones, and the growing commercial and small-medium enterprises may have invited rural migration to these newly urbanizing cities in search for employment and better economic opportunities, typical of rural-urban migration processes. Other than economic factors, social, cultural, and enhanced inter-linkages between and among adjacent places from the province of Sultan Kudarat, and nearby towns of Maguindanao provinces contributed to theburgeoning growth or urban populace in these cities.

However, the ratio based on government ho pital beds only, was higher at 1: 3,205 pa-tients, way below the standard. The absence of government hospitals in Kidapawan City and Tacurong City could have aggravated this situation. Thus, the region still needs around 919 hospital beds to meet the standard requir ment.

Map 2.5 Existing Settlements Map


A few of the region’s rural towns exhib-ited relatively fast urban growth trends like Ba-nisilan and Libungan in Cotabato Province. These two towns are among the agriculture production areas of the province of Cotabato. Libungan is situated along the major route from Cotabato City to Davao City. It is proxi-mate to Midsayap, one of the fast urbanizing

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

CotabatoCity

GeneralSantos City

TacurongCity

KoronadalCity

KidapawanCity

CotabatoProvince

SultanKudaratProvince

SaranganiProvince

SouthCotabato

Provinces/Cities

Popu

latio

n

1990 Urban Population 2000 Urban Population

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

CotabatoCity

GeneralSantos City

TacurongCity

KoronadalCity

KidapawanCity

CotabatoProvince

SultanKudaratProvince

SaranganiProvince

SouthCotabato

Provinces/Cities

Popu

latio

n

1990 Urban Population 2000 Urban Population

towns of the province that serve as both cen-ters of education, commerce and trade. It may be possible to attribute such fast growth to the moderate development taking place in the area coupled with the fact that it being adjacent to Midsayap could have served as immediate ex-pansion area for the spill of population of said municipality.

Figure 2.7 Urbanization Trend By Area, Region XII, 1990-2000

Source: National Statistics Offi ce

Population Concentration Tendencies

The population of the new region exhib-its unequal distribution. However, it showed moderate improvement as gleaned from popu-lation of each census year. In 1990, the popu-lation that has to be redistributed to attain a rational, efficient and desirable spatial organi-zation of population was posted at 18.50percent.

The swift growth of the regions in the post-war era up to the sixties was primarily due to vast availability of prime lands for ag-riculture, an economic opportunity available to them at that time along with the alternative settlement opportunity offered by the govern-

ment during the same period.

Population growth in the 70’s somehow slackened and this could be partly ascribed to more attractive opportunities available in other regions in the island in terms of employ-ment, education and stable peace and order condition.

Only minor portions of differential growth rates among the areas in the region can be accounted for by fertility differences and even less by mortality variations. Thus, internal migration may be viewed as the major factor underlying observed population differ-entials.


b. The Region’s Existing Functional Net work of Settlements

Settlements are usually formed where social and economic opportunities abound, where better quality of life is perceived possible. The concentration of people in one specific geographic area results to the formation of settlements.

Settlements evolve depending on the scale and level of activities brought about by economic, social and political functions of a locality. Modernization in the field of transportation, communication, public health and safety, and industries also shaped the kind of settlements. In the region, the settlement pattern could be explained by a variety of factors, economic activities, presence of social facilities or amenities, political stability, peace, order and security, and other institutions and structures that provide higher standards of living.

The reconfigured Region XII is characterized by uneven spatialdistribution of its population but is more contiguous and homogeneous, geographically. Also, the present settlement trend of the region follows a linear pattern where settlements tend to concentrate along the major transportation axis interconnecting the provinces, cities and municipalities throughout the region. Patches of settlements, however, are located in the rural areas, particularly in hinterlands and coastal areas.

The component cities in the region, Kidapawan, Koronadal, and Tacurong all grew from inland towns with their population concentrating in the urban while the rural areas are sparsely populated. The region has a three—tiered settlement structure with General Santos City and Cotabato city serving as the primary urban centers; the cities of

Kidapawan, Koronadal and Tacurong, and the towns of Isulan, Alabel, Kabacan, and Midsayap as the intermediate urban centers. All the rest of the municipalities would either be considered as medium town or small town serving as primary production areas.

The region is comprised of four (4) provinces representing 5 percent of the nation’s total provinces. There are forty-five (45) municipalities, accounting for just 2.7 percent of the total municipalities nationwide. There are also five (5) cities, of which one, General Santos City, is classified as a highly urbanized city and Cotabato city as independent chartered city. The three others, Kidapawan, Tacurong and Koronadal are component cities. The region’s provinces and cities exhibit varied degree of development characterized by its prime socio-economic roles and functions and geographical location.

The nine (9) provinces and cities comprising the region play specialized but reinforcing and complementary roles that sustain its economy and people.

General Santos, the region’s only highly urbanized city, is the center of international trade and commerce owing to the thriving industries in the area. The presence of principal infrastructures boosts the primacy of the city in terms of higher level of services. Among its major physical facilities are the international airport and the marine ports. Industries located in the place range from small to medium industries related to food processing, fruit processing and cold storage facilities for its fishery products.

Cotabato City, also one of the primary urban centers of the region, served as regional center of administrative Region XII, until the recent issuance of Executive Order No. 304. It also provides basic tertiary level


services through key institutions providing higher level education, modern health and medical, commercial, industrial, modern communication, as well as, financial, marketsupport and recreation services. The Cotabato Regional and Medical Center is situated in the city, serving both the region’s public health clients and that of the neighboring ARMM provinces. As the former administrative seat of Region XII, the city plays significant political and economic influences over its outlying areas. It also serves as a transshipment point because of the Cotabato Airport, even if itis located in Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao of the ARMM, its proximity to the city make possible the role of the city as port of entry and exit for both people and products. The Polloc Port in Parang, Maguindanao also provides interconnection and mobility of people and goods from within the region to other points of destinations.

Other major urban growth centers are those that serve as provincial capital towns. They host offices of both the provincial and national governments for effective governance and service delivery. These areas manifest fasturbanization as evidenced by rapid urban growth, growing trade and commerce, financial and social institutions, minor processing and manufacturing enterprises, among others.

Kidapawan City is located about 106 kilometers north of Cotabato City, and 120 kilometers from Davao City. The Provincial Capitol of Cotabato, its seat of government, is situated in Barangay Amas of Kidapawan City, about 14 kilometers to the city proper. Kidapawan, known as fruit city, is essentially an agro-ecotourism center. Part of Mt. Apo, which is a popular tourist destination, is situated in the city. It also has a geothermal plant, the Philippine National Oil Corporation, located in Barangay Ilumavis, of the city. It is also fast developing into a trade, commerce and

financial center as manifested by the increasing number of banks and commercial complex in the area. As such, it plays a crucial role of filling the gap for tertiary level social services, institutions, commercial, market and banking needs of the outlying rural neighbors.

Tacurong City, a component city of Sultan Kudarat, became a city almost at the same time Kidapawan and Koronadal were created. It is also adjacent to Isulan, the capital town of the province. It serves as the trading and commerce center and transport hub for the areas surrounding it, including the towns of Buluan and Datu Paglas of Maguindanao province of the ARMM region.

Koronadal City is the seat of government of the Province of South Cotabato and recently declared through Executive Order No. 304 as the regional center of Region XII. Koronadal is bounded on the north by Tacurong and on the southern part by General Santos City Located strategically at the heart of the region, Koronadal City is emerging as commerce and trading center. The city is endowed with abundant source of water that feed its irrigation systems, and about 1.7 percent of its land with a slope ranging from 0 to 8 per cent, the city is also best suited for general agriculture and industrial development activities.

Alabel is the capital town of Sarangani province, hosting the seat of its Provincial Government. It is an intermediate urban center providing secondary level services, trade and commerce, and other administrative services.

Isulan serves as the capital town of Sultan Kudarat province. It also provides specialized services like markets, trade and commerce; with educational institutions and a provincial hospital catering to the outlying rural areas in the province.


The existing functional network of settlements in the region also show patterns of growth of intermediate urban areas along the major routes from Cotabato City to Kidapawan City, and between Tacurong City to General Santos City. These are Midsayap and Kabacan in Cotabato, and Polomolok and Tupi in South Cotabato. Presently, these municipalities serve as expansion areas of urban centers in the provinces providing facilities and services to their influence area, the towns bordering them.

The rest of the region is basically agricultural and supports the food production or agricultural economy of the region. Settlements in these areas are engaged in agriculture and/or agro-forestry activities.

Housing and Informal Settlements

Housing is a permanent shelter for human habitation. Because shelter is necessary to everyone, the problem of providing adequate housing has long been a concern, not only of individuals but of governments as well. Thus, housing is inseparable from the social, economic, and political development of aplace.

At present, the demand for decent housing in this region remains unmet despite past efforts to address the problem. The supply of houses has not been increasing and the cost of available housing are unaffordable, especially to lowincome families who have no access to financing or credit. This matter is exacerbated by a land market that limits reallocation of rights to the most valued use of land. As a result, informal settlements continue to persist. Expanding cities in the region such as Cotabato City and General Santos City already experience the pressures of rapid growth, and processes, such as rural-

urban drift, which lead to the growth of unofficial settlements round the edge of the cities. Mostly, the bottom 40 percent of urban households do not have access to socialized housing, forcing them to resort to informal settlements characterized by congestion, poor housing and poor living conditions and other urban social problems.

Region XII is not spared from problems on informal settlements in danger zones, road right-of-way, waterways/riverbanks/creeks and government lots due for utilization, including privately-owned lands, all characterized by absence or inadequate basic amenities and facilities to meet basic human needs. Considered displaced and informal, these settlers pose problems, a social malaise that the region must address. The influx of settlers from rural to urban centers in search of better livelihood inevitably resulted to informal settlements and squatting problem. In 2003, two informal settlements that faced violent eviction and demolitions were found in General Santos City and Tacurong City. Six (6) more informal settlements in the region need immediate attention, mostly in cities, one in Sarangani province.

The presence of squatters and other occupants in potential sites for land development especially in the urban areas is one pressing challenge confronting the Local Government Units (LGUs) at present. Nonetheless, with the help of the key housing agencies, most LGUs had established resettlement /relocation projects, provided Community Mortgage Program (CMP) Assistance and other socialized housing program of the government to increase access of people to low-cost housing.

Generally, the housing sector is still faced with formidable challenge of meeting the increasing requirements and demand for


housing units among low and middle-income earners due to rapid urban population growth.

There is the problem of limited supply and increasing difficulty in the availing of housing units and related services.

Housing Needs and Backlog

From 1987 to present, the region’s performance in providing mass housing remains modest. The housing sub-sector provided shelter security units for the poor by promoting security of tenure in housing. The housing demand and supply gap remains as critical as ever in view of rapid urbanization due to city migration, rapid population growth and formation of new households, economic fluctuations and peace and order problems. Given the demands, the supply still remained short because limited private developers are interested to invest or engage in the housing industry due to high cost of development andland rentals, high loan interest, and stringent policies of both LGU and shelter agencies.

Based on Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) estimates of housing backlog from 2001 to 2004, the region’s housing need would total to 104,439 units, representing roughly 3 percent of the nation’s total housing need. Of the region’s total, 10,444 are needed due to housing backlog; 3,133, due to population growth; while 2,089 are needed due to replacement. This brings the total annual requirement to 6,265, of which the government assistance could only provide for 30 percent or 1,879. Analyzed further this means that 70 percent of the annual need for socialized housing shall be left to other sectors mostly private developers. By province and city, Cotabato province would need the most number of housing (27,793); followed by South Cotabato (18,052) and Sultan Kudarat, (16,535). Kidapawan City registered the least requirement, with 3,280. Despite this, Kidapawan City has already initiated the preparation of its Local Shelter Plan to redress

squatting problem in the area as of 2003.

Contributing also to the growth of the region are the number of inmigrants who opted to establish permanent residence in the area on the account of better livelihood opportunities in the cities, and transient visitors who conduct regular business transactions with commercial establishments.

Infrastructure and Basic Services

Social infrastructures and basic social services are critical factors to consider in planning for the desired settlement pattern and hierarchy that would complement the overall physical and spatial development of the region. These basic amenities are still considered inadequate as gleaned from figures shown under the health, education, social welfare, and infrastructure sectors.

For the region, access to safe water supply is available to only 87 percent of the population in 2002. On communication services, the region has established over two hundred thousand telephone lines, of which only around 46,000 lines were availed by the public. The total number of schools needing additional instructional rooms in the elementary level totaled to 311 for school year 2003-2004; while 164 schools needs additional instructional rooms in the secondary level for same year. Hospital-bed backlog for government hospitals had reach 919 for the whole region, based on the standard hospital bed to population ratio of 1:2,000 as of 2003. In terms of road density, the region posted 0.74 km/sq.km. Only 70 percent of total number of barangays were energized in 2001 or 48.4 percent of total households served with electricity. Across provinces and cities, the problems vary. There are other services that need substantial improvement including security, fire protection, and emergency and disaster control or mitigating structures.

Impact of Settlements on the Physical Environment


Based on the review and analysis of geologic indicators and map overlay, some settlements in Region XII are located in environmentally critical areas which require appropriate planning and management to mitigate hazards to human life and/loss or damage to properties. There are also settlements that have encroached protected areas of the region, specifically in Alamada, Cotabato Province and Lake Sebu in South Cotabato Province. Likewise, changes in the rural landscape were brought about by developments such as the construction of new roads and other industrial development, paving the way to formation of new settlements.

The built-up areas in Region XII consist of settlements and civil reservations and large infrastructures, occupying a total land area of 420.86 square kilometers. On settlements in particular, Cotabato province posted the largest, 35.38 sq. kms. Among cities, Cotabato, General Santos and Tacurong have settlements extending to more than 5 sq. kms. while Koronadal has the lowest at 2.34 sq. kms. South Cotabato Province has the largest built-up area of 196.36 square kilometers, all classified as civil reservations, but large portions of which now turned settlements. This is followed closely by Sultan Kudarat with 165.32 square kilometers, of which 16.18 sq. kilometers are settlements, the rest are civil reservation areas.

The uptrend growth in population and formation of settlements in constrained and protection areas will bring about negative effects on the environment, if not carefully managed, and would endanger the region’s life support system.

Impact of Urbanization on Prime Agricultural Lands

Food security is the chief consideration for self-sufficiency. To ensure this, the government policy regulating the conversion of prime agricultural lands to non-agriculture use is rigidly enforced. However, the growing urbanization somehow put pressure for the conversion of agricultural lands into nonagriculture use. Unless agricultural

productivity would outpace food requirements, the land conversion problem would be detrimental to food security. The difficult and rigorous process for land conversion also fuels increase in urban land prices and contributes to the higher costs of urban housing, and consequently, the formation of informal settlements.


2.2.1 Regional Economic Output Growth

From 1995-2003, Region XII had an average annual Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of P36.48 billion. Its economy is agriculture-based as figures would show that in the average more than 43 percent or P15.89 billion of the GRDP

2.1 Economy

Service27.89% - P10,174,581

Industry -28.56% - P10,417,478

Agriculture, Fishery & Forestry

43.55% - P15,889,331

Annual Average GRDP - P36,481,391

Service27.89% - P10,174,581

Industry -28.56% - P10,417,478

Agriculture, Fishery & Forestry

43.55% - P15,889,331

Annual Average GRDP - P36,481,391

For the period under review, the region posted an annual average growth rate of 1.62 percent. Though the average was registered at positive value, Region XII’s GRDP posted a declining trend from 1995-1999. In 1997, growth rate was at its lowest in the 6-year when GRDP went down to -1.7 percent. The slump was attributed to the slowdown in agricultural production that resulted from the havoc of the El Niño phenomenon and the rapid spread of rodents and black bug infestation. Also, due to the effects of the drought that started in 1997 and onset of La Niña phenomenon in 1998, palay and corn production went down to record level lows.

Total cereals production dropped by 15.5 percent from 1,441,990 metric tons in 1997 to 1,218,515 metric tons in 1998. Palay production

decreased by 17.2 percent while corn shrank by 13.6 percent. Of the top major crops, only coffee registered the highest growth of 51.2 while banana, coconut and mango posted negative growth. The decline in crop production was due to the inability of these crops to fully recover from the effects of El Niño. The depressing sight in the agriculture sector ended in the second semester of 1999 as banana and mango registered positive growth.

are contributions from agriculture fishery and forestry sector. The industry sector had an average annual share of 28.56 percent or P10.42 billion while service sector had an average annual share of 27.89 percent or P10.17 billion of GRDP for the period.

Figure 2.8 Average Annual Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Region XII, 1995-2003, At 1985 Constant Prices (P’000) Share by Sector


2.33.8-2.22.33.90.8-1.72.23.9GRDP

3.84.5-11.93.65.13.410.22.55.2Services

3.43.66.70.81.2-4.01.83.27.1Industry

0.73.6-1.022.54.92.4-10.71.41.4Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

AAGR(%)

2002-2003

2001-2002

2000-2001

1999-2000

1998-1999

1997-1998

1996-1997

1995-1996SECTOR

2.33.8-2.22.33.90.8-1.72.23.9GRDP

3.84.5-11.93.65.13.410.22.55.2Services

3.43.66.70.81.2-4.01.83.27.1Industry

0.73.6-1.022.54.92.4-10.71.41.4Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry

AAGR(%)

2002-2003

2001-2002

2000-2001

1999-2000

1998-1999

1997-1998

1996-1997

1995-1996SECTOR

Table 2.14 GRDP Growth Rate, Region XII (in percent), At 1985 Constant Prices, 1995-2003

Source: NSCB XII

the region’s economic output.Relatedly, the share of the industry sector for the period was stable, recording between 27 and 29 percent of GRDP.

In 2002, the output of the agriculture sector decreased due to the occurrence of the dry spell and area harvested with palay decreased by 10 percent

While the other sectors endured slowdown in the late 1990’s, the service sector was the least affected. It remained steady and posted positive figures for the GRDP. For same period under review (1995-2001), the sector registered an average growth rate of 5 percent. In 1997-1998, when the agriculture, fishery and forestry (AFF) sector’s growth rate was –10.7 percent, the service sector reached a high of 10.2 percent growth from only at 2.5 percent in 1996-1997.

The service sector also began to slowly increase its contribution in the region’s economic output. In 1995, AFF’s share in the GRDP was 47 percent while the services sector’s portion was only 25.4 percent. However in 2001, the services sector share in the GRDP increased to 30.4 percent while that of AFF’s was reduced to 42.5 percent. This would mean that the rural folks, majority of which derive their livelihood from farming and fishing a tivities, have opted to shift their source of income from working on the land to providing services which are mostly found in the urban areas. Even with this trend, however, the agriculture sector shall remain to be the banner of

The industry sector also experienced a sharp decline from 1997 to 1999. From a high of 7.1 percent growth in 1995-1996, the sector’s accomplishment plummeted to –4.0 percent in 1999. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 triggered this major downturn of the region’s industry sector performance. In the year 2000 however, the sector partially recovered and posted 1.2 percent growth.

from 247,140 hectares in 2001 to 220,266 hectares in 2002. Total palay production for the year was 13 percent lower from 838,322 MT in 2001 to only 728,277 MT in 2002. A positive development in the AFF sector for 2002 was that almost all of the high value commercial crops recorded positive growth, as well as, the increased harvest by 2.3 percent in the fishery sector. Starting 2003, the region manifested a modest performance which can be attributed to the peace and order situation and fair weather condition. There was an increase in agricultural and fishery production, as well as, remarkable growth in investments.


GVA % GVA % GVA % GVA % GVA %

AFF 16,004,417 47.0 16,221,372 45.8 16,451,067 45.5 14,698,041 41.3 15,050,721 42.0

INDUSTRY 9,401,729 27.6 10,073,441 28.5 10,395,057 28.7 10,578,295 29.8 10,159,622 28.3

SERVICES 8,649,415 25.4 9,097,807 25.7 9,326,456 25.8 10,277,786 28.9 10,626,741 29.7

GRDP 34,055,562 100 35,392,620 100 36,172,580 100 35,554,122 100 35,837,083 100

GVA % GVA % GVA % GVA % GVA %

AFF 15,787,273 42.4 16,179,726 42.5 16,014,005 42.97 16,597,359 42.89 15,889,331 43.60

INDUSTRY 10,282,634 27.6 10,361,217 27.2 11,054,887 29.67 11,450,423 29.59 10,417,478 28.55

SERVICES 11,173,738 30.0 11,573,508 30.4 10,195,882 27.36 10,649,899 27.52 10,174,581 27.86

GRDP 37,243,645 100 38,114,451 100 37,264,774 100 38,114,451 100 36,416,588 100

Source: NSCB XIINotes:1. Composition of Region XII is in accordance with Executive Order 362. From 1995-2001, proxy indicators were used to determine percentage contribution of SOCSKSARGEN to Region XII and Lanao del Norte, Iligan City , Marawi City to Region XII to estimate GRDP for the reconfigured Region XII.3. The GRDP estimates for 2002 and 2003 were released by NSCB XII in July 2004.

2001 2002

1996 1997Sector 1995

Sector 2000

1998 1999

2003 AVERAGE

Region XII in comparison with Mindanao Regions/ Mindanao / Philippines

From 1995-2003, the average annual share of Region XII to Mindanao’s overall economic performance was 21.66 percent. Cotabato Region accounted for P36.48 billion of the average annual GDP of Mindanao totaling to P168.44 billion. However, figures show that from 1995, Region XII’s share in the GRDP was 23.09 percent and every year thereafter it had a declining trend and contributing a 21.54 percent of Mindanao’s GRDP in 2001.

Before the issuance of Executive Order No. 36 on 19 September 2001, Region XII ranked fourth among the six regions in Mindanao in terms of GRDP output. Region XI or

Southern Mindanao was the leader in economic performance in Mindanao. Ranking second and third are Northern Mindanao (Region X) and Western Mindanao (Region IX) areas, respectively. However, with the addition of SOCSARGEN to Region XII from Region XI, the formers economic output improved to third over-all in Mindanao. With the transfer of the Lanao sub-region to Region X, Northern Mindanao has overtaken the Davao Region as the leading region in Mindanao in terms of GRDP.

Table 2.19 Gross Regional Domestic Product, Region XII, At Constant Prices, 1995-2003 (P’000)


REGION 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Region IX 21,813,000 24,702,000 24,909,000 25,493,000 25,640,000 26,496,000 26,651,000 27,323,367 28,563,567 Region X 49,460,750 52,235,087 Region XI 46,845,298 48,825,613 Region XII 34,055,562 35,392,620 36,172,580 35,554,122 35,837,083 37,243,645 38,114,451 37,264,774 38,697,681 CARAGA 13,731,000 12,825,000 12,823,000 13,984,000 14,190,000 14,488,327 14,613,645 ARMM 8,116,000 8,386,000 8,582,000 8,775,000 9,183,000 9,071,000 9,294,000 9,689,848 9,939,020 Source of Data: NSCB XIINotes:1. Region XII composition is in accordance with EO 362. From 1995-2001, Region IX includes the Province of Basilan and Isabela City3. From 1995-2001, ARMM excludes the Province of Basilan and Islamic City of Marawi4. From 1995-2001, no GRDP estimates for Regions X and XI in accordance with EO 365. Complete GRDP estimates for all Mindanao in 2002-2003 and in accordance with EO 36 were released by NSCB in July 2004.

Table 2.20 GRDP, 1995-2003, Region XII and Mindanao Regions, At Constant 1985 Prices (P’000)

-

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Region IX Region X Region XI Region XII CARAGA ARMM

Figure 2.9 GRDP, 1995-2003, Region XII and Mindanao Regions, At Constant 2985 Prices (P’000)

Region XII had an average annual share of 3.90 percent of the country’s GDP by contributing an average annual output of P36.48 billion of the Philippines’ average annual of P934.76 billion

from 1995-2003. But the contrasting reality is its dwindling contribution to the country’s total output from 4.25 percent in 1995 to 3.58 percent in 2003.


The weakening of Region XII’s contribution to Mindanao, as well as, Philippines’ economic performance could be attached to the much high-

er level of growth rate the country and the island has experienced as compared to the region.

AREA / GROWTH / SHARE 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999PHILIPPINES 802,224,000 849,121,000 893,151,000 888,001,000 918,161,000 Phil. Growth Rate 5.85 5.19 -0.58 3.40 MINDANAO 147,470,027 155,260,027 159,634,027 160,082,026 165,904,026 Mindanao Growth Rate 5.28 2.82 0.28 3.64 REGION XII 34,055,562 35,392,620 36,172,580 35,554,122 35,837,083 RXII Growth Rate 3.90 2.20 -1.70 0.80RXII Share in Phil. GDP 4.25 4.17 4.05 4.00 3.90RXII Share in Mindanao GDP 23.09 22.80 22.66 22.21 21.60

AREA / GROWTH / SHARE 2000 2001 2002 2003 AVERAGEPHILIPPINES 958,411,000 989,259,000 1,032,969,925 1,081,498,510 934,755,159 Phil. Growth Rate 4.38 3.22 4.42 4.70 3.82 MINDANAO 172,730,025 176,972,025 185,072,364 192,874,613 168,444,351 Mindanao Growth Rate 4.11 2.46 4.58 4.22 3.42 REGION XII 37,243,645 38,114,451 37,264,774 38,697,681 36,481,391 RXII Growth Rate 3.90 2.30 -2.23 3.80 1.62RXII Share in Phil. GDP 3.89 3.85 3.61 3.58RXII Share in Mindanao GDP 21.56 21.54 20.14 20.06Source of Data: NSCB XII

Table 2.21 Contribution of Region XII to Mindanao and Philippines GDP, 1995-2003 (GDP fi gures in P’000; Growth Rate & Share in percent)

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

YEAR

PERC

ENT

Philippines

Mindanao

Region XII

Figure 2.10 Comparison of GRDP/GDP Growth Rate of Philippines / Mindanao / Region XII At Constant 1985 Prices, 1996-2003


From 1996-2003, the annual average growth rate of the country’s and Mindanao’s GDP was

3.82 and 3.42 percent, respectively, while that of Region XII was only 1.62 percent

Figure 13

GRDP, 1995-2003, at Constant 1985 Prices (P'000)

-

200,000,000

400,000,000

600,000,000

800,000,000

1,000,000,000

1,200,000,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Philippines Mindanao Region XII

Figure 2.11 GRDP, 1995-2003, at Constant 1985 Prices (P’000)

Even if Region XII’s economy grows by less than half as compared to Mindanao’s gross output, still the region remains as the principal

contributor in terms of agriculture production, particularly rice and corn, in the island.

RICERegion 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

MINDANAO 2,794,759 2,888,040 2,619,868 2,206,457 2,757,691 3,031,795 Region IX 342,836 377,329 355,316 261,285 322,164 443,598 Region X 510,704 452,820 411,999 427,161 479,557 499,605 Region XI 381,470 388,765 367,161 339,333 386,312 388,183 Region XII 827,550 987,546 897,877 712,982 940,964 1,044,794 ARMM 329,840 331,883 306,545 225,747 348,485 347,549 CARAGA 402,359 349,697 280,970 239,949 280,209 308,066

CORNMINDANAO 2,829,514 2,948,503 2,893,070 2,485,598 2,796,445 2,811,238 Region IX 195,621 191,861 182,922 196,722 122,306 123,233 Region X 814,867 816,424 875,027 840,997 776,819 777,828 Region XI 160,109 150,413 144,737 131,940 145,814 151,307 Region XII 1,039,054 1,117,688 969,380 777,470 1,028,086 990,300 ARMM 564,492 626,666 659,429 466,894 685,986 697,611 CARAGA 55,371 45,433 71,575 71,575 37,434 70,959 Source of data: BAS CO

Table 2.22 Rice and Corn Production of Mindanao Regions 1995-2000 (in Metric Tons)


-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Y E A R

CARAGAARMMRegion XIIRegion XIRegion XRegion IX

Figure 2.12 Rice Production in Mindanao, by Region, 1995-2000 (in Metric Tons)

From 1995-2000, Region XII contributed an average of 33 percent or 901,952 metric tons of the

total rice output of Mindanao, which in a 6-year average was recorded at 2,716,435 metric tons.

29.61

70.39

34.19

65.81

34.27

65.73

32.31

67.69

34.12

65.88

34.46

65.54

1995 1996 1997

1998 1999 2000

Region XII

Other regions

Figure 2.13 Region XII Contribution to Total Rice Production of Mindanao, 1995-2000 (in percent)

This major input was achieved even if the region has not fully utilized all its ricelands. Out of the total 3,279.36 square kilometers of primelands,

only 1,415.84 square kilometers or 43.17 percent are planted for palay production.

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