Regional flood information system and Cryosphere...
Transcript of Regional flood information system and Cryosphere...
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Regional flood information system and Cryosphere Monitoring
in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Mandira Singh Shrestha
ICIMOD
South Asia Hydromet Forum, 18-21 September 2018
Geneva
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Outline of presentation
• The Hindu Kush Himalayas floods and the key issues
• Good practices in flood risk reduction in the HKH region
• Achievements of HKH HYCOS -supporting
modernization of hydromet networks and
establishment of regional flood information system
• Use of hydromet data
• Cryosphere monitoring in the HKH region
• Lessons learnt
• Opportunities for cooperation
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Himalayan glaciers are sources of freshwater reserves which provide headwaters for major river systems in Asia
8 countries of which 6-7
with substantial
cryosphere resources
240 million people in the
HKH
1.9 billion people living
in the mountains and
downstream
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Floods in the HKH region
• Extreme flood events in
the HKH region has
increased
• 2013 floods in
Uttarakhand, India killed
more than 5000 people
• 2010 floods in Pakistan
killed 2,000 people and
left 20 million homeless,
with a financial loss of
USD 10 billion (FFC,
2010);
• 2007 floods in India and
Bangladesh killed more
than 3,000 people and left
millions homeless.
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South Asia Floods 2017
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Key issues in the HKH region
• There is a diversity of technical, scientific, and institutional capacity
• There is limited exchange of real-time data especially across national boundaries – increase lead time
• The integration of risk information into EWS is still weak
• Investment in FEWS is low and of less priority
• Opportunities for sharing knowledge, experiences and know-how
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• Establishment of a Regional
Flood Information System in the
HKH-Region - Timely exchange
of flood data and information
through an accessible and user
friendly platform
The Hindu Kush Himalayan Hydrological Cycle Observing System (HKH – HYCOS)
Making information travel faster than flood waters
HYCOS is a vehicle for technology
transfer, training and capacity
building
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• Advancement in technology : real-time data through sensors
• Data transmission through CDMA, GPRS/GSM, and satellite iridium
• ICT for risk communication
• Space based technology using earth observations are increasing the lead time, filling data gaps in flood modeling
Innovation in technologies for end to end flood early warning system
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Modernization of observation network
• 38 hydrometeorological stations upgraded in four countries(Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan)
• Access to > 300 Global Telecommunication Stations of WMO
• Real time data acquisition
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The Hindu Kush Himalayan Hydrological Cycle Observing System (HKH – HYCOS)
Regional flood outlook and information system
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Enhancing user interface
• Assessment of the
communication of flood early
warning: formal and informal
mechanisms and gaps –
technical, institutional and
sociocultural
• Regional case studies on
best practices in
communicating flood early
warning
• Development of
communication products
• Capacity building and
training
Components of the early warning system (EWS)
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CRYOSPHERE in the HKH
Seasonal snowup to 10% of total area
50,000glaciers
Permafrost area exceeding glacier area
Largest reserves of snowand ice outside the polar
region
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Glacier extent in the HKH
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HABITATRELIGIOUS BELIEFS
WATER STORAGE
FRESH WATER
MOUNTAIN TOURISM
IMPORTANCE OF CRYOSPHERE
AGRICULTURE
CARBON STORAGE
HAZARDS
CRYOSPHERE SERVICES
ALBEDO FEEDBACK
CLIMATIC INDICATOR
ENERGY
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Policy influence
Cap
acit
y D
eve
lop
men
t
Kn
ow
led
ge M
an
age
me
nt
Imp
act
Cryosphere monitoring approach
by Global Terrestial Network for Glaciers GTN-G
Cryosphere Monitoring
In-situ measurements
ModellingRemote sensing
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Field based long term monitoring
empower women in the field of cryospheric sciences in the HKH
region
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Kathmandu
Yala Glacier
Lirung Glacier
Langtang Glacier
Rikha Samba Glacier
Mera Glacier
Pokalde Glacier
Changri Nup Glacier
NameCatchment /
locationType Since
Rikha SambaHidden
Valley/Dhaulagiri Clean/valley 2011
Yala Langtang Valley Clean/plateau 2011
Lirung Langtang Valley Debris/valley 2012
Langtang Langtang Valley Debris/valley 2012
MeraDudh
Koshi/EverestClean/valley 2007
Pokalde Khumbu/Everest Clean/valley 2009
Changri Nup Khumbu/Everest Clean / valley 2010
Glacier monitoring in Nepal
In collaboration with partners in Nepal (DHM, KU) and France
Understand the high mountain processes and address the data gaps
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Sherpa et al. 2017
Annual glacier mass balances in Khumbu, Nepal
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Bajracharya et al., 2015http://rds.icimod.org/
Remote sensing based
glacier mapping and monitoring
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Modelling
Shea et al., 2015
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Lessons Learnt
• Technology: flood information system at basin scale
• Limited networks in the region: high altitude – need further strengthening and sharing
• Utility of data and information for developing flood outlook demonstrated the value of real-time data: development of customized products
• Capacity building and training enhanced cooperation and partnerships: support to Glaciology program
• Flood forecasting and warning needs to be integrated with the disaster risk management activities for an effective end to end flood early warning system
• Efforts needed for risk communication, awareness, better preparedness and strengthen institutional mechanisms
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Lessons Learnt
• Concerted efforts required for mainstreaming gender into programmes: by end of 2019 9 female glaciologist would have graduated and 5 doing PhD
• Collaboration between projects and various funding agencies multiply the success: in terms of building on, continuity
• Regional cooperation is a long term effort and requires building trust
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Opportunities for regional collaboration
• Capacity building• Standardized methods
• Impact based flood forecasting and strengthening capacities
• Early warning and communication products
• Knowledge, Information and data
sharing• Cryosphere services• Transboundary issues
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THANK YOU