Videogames as Cultural Ecology: Flower and Shadow of the ...
Regional Ecology As Cultural Future
-
Upload
luke-waltz -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Regional Ecology As Cultural Future
-
1Regional Ecology As Cultural FutureLucas Waltz
-
2WALTZ
-
3Lucas O. Waltz
Regional Ecology As Cultural Future
May 2015
LA 404 Comprehensive Studio Project
Ball State UniversityCollege of Architecture and Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture
-
4WALTZ
-
5Lucas WaltzBLA Bal l State Univers i ty, 2015
Cultural and ecological issues are dynamic, and influence one other on many levels. As a student contributing to the profession of landscape architecture, I believe interpreting the intersection of these relationships can reveal unique evidence to plan for effective solutions and an increasingly sustainable future.
Think big.
-
6WALTZ
-
7Acknowledgments
Executive Summary
13
9
Methodology/ Process
Solutions/ Recommendations
4.0 Appendix
Introduction/ Background
27
37
95
10
Project Statement Problem and Sub-ProblemsProject RequirementsGoals & ObjectivesProject ScopeClient Group
Regional Framework Case Study Ecological Analysis Cultural Analysis Regional Framework Plan Matrix Design Strategies
Site Design Analysis Design Concepts Master Plan Plan Enlargements Sections Perspectives
Detailed Design Conceptual Grading Plan Stormwater Calculations model/ diorama
Outcome & Future
A Question For The FutureHistory & TimelineLiterature ReviewProject Significance
CONTENTS
-
8WALTZ
-
9I would like to recognize the following individuals for their support throughout this project.
Miran Day: faculty advisor
Martha Hunt: studio instructorJohn Motloch: studio instructorMary Kramer: Art Spaces, Inc.Kevin Runion: WRDB, Inc. Terre Haute Planning Office
My wonderful wife Jordyn
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
-
10WALTZ
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For nearly a century the Wabash River was used as an artery for industry and commerce. Known as the Crossroads of America for its crisscrossed rail lines, roads, and highways, the citys global identity grew from a post-World War II era economy. The rise and fall of industrialized lands along the Wabash River has resulted in significant ecologic destruction, hydrologic degradation, and economic depression. Not knowing how to reinvest in the river beyond industry, cities turned their back on the most significant river in Indiana.
The objective of this project was to organize urban form based on theories that use landscape as infrastructure. Landscape Urbanism recently emerged as a theory and has since identified new parameters in which cities question and, in turn, redefine themselves. For this reason, this research was based on examining regional scale case studies of postindustrial cities across the United States and abroad, specifically analyzing similarities between mid-size cities in the Midwest. Terre Haute, Indiana was selected as one such city developed along a watercourse. Landscape Urbanism theories and principles were referenced to create a set of regional framework and design guidelines that inform the ecological and cultural sustainability of Terre Hautes future identity.
-
11
Oh, the moonlights fair tonight along the Wabash, from the fields there comes the breath of new mown hay. Through the sycamores the candlelights are gleaming, on the banks of the Wabash, far away.
-Paul Dresser, On The Banks of the Wabash, Far Away
View across Wabash River North of Terre Haute.
-
12WALTZView of Terre Hautes Indiana Theater
-
13
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
-
14WALTZ
Cultural and ecological issues impact each other on many scales defined by time, water, land, and people. Of these, each informs and shapes the other. Land and water form natural ecologies. Time describes the particular moment this happens. People invent culture within these constraints. Over the course of history people create cultures along water bodies for strategic reasons from agriculture, to warfare, to recreation, to industry.
The history of human existence along the Wabash River in Indiana is no different. Its character fluctuates based on the function of the river at that moment in time. Empires have fought over its ability to transport goods and materials. The rivers natural infrastructure for centuries drove the economy of cities in peak industrial times. Is it possible to predict behaviors of future cultures by capturing the essence of natural systems, so to inspire macro-scale change?
A QUESTION FOR THE FUTURE
-
15
Is it possible to predict behaviors of future
cultures by capturing the essence of natural systems, so to inspire macro-level change?
-
16WALTZ
The Wea Indian tribe inhabited this region until the mid 1700s when French trappers settled on the high lands (terre haute) of the Wabash River. In 1812, the Battle of Fort Harrison took place, forcing the Indian tribes out. Americans plated the town of Terre Haute in 1816 as a port for steamboats and water trade. The city soon embraced industrial development with the construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal, the National Road, and the Terre Haute and Richmond Railroad.
The Crossroads of America continues to influence a diverse community of industry, education, and agriculture, and as a regional center for health care and entertainment.
HISTORY & TIMELINE
-
17
Terre HauteWest Terre Haute
New Goshen
SullivanHutsonville
Fairbanks
Prairie Creek
Vincennes
Merom
Sandcut
Historic Wabash-Erie Canal
1700
1800
1900
Typical Wea Tribe camp along Wabash River
Fort Harrison overlookingthe Wabash River
Industrial zoning map
Flood of 1913
Riverboat rides
Downtown 1920
Flood of 2008
City overview
Wabash RiverView North
Wabash RiverView South
Early 1900s industrial boom
Turn to the River Iniative
Credit: Kramer
Credit: Kramer
Credit: Kramer
Credit: Kramer
Credit: Kramer
Credit: Kramer
2000
Timeline cataloging modern life along the Wabash Rive and in Terre Haute.
-
18WALTZ
urbanism as a title. Barnett does see a trend
in the use of the word. Most urbanisms are
actually about preserving the environment,
traditional city design, urban systems,
community participation, or the politics of urban
change. (Barnett,21) Charles Waldheim coined
the term landscape urbanism in the early 2000s
as a critique of traditional urban design and an
alternative to New Urbanism. Some view
landscape urbanism as a powerful new analytical
approach that, as Michael Van Valkenburgh,
FASLA, said, is central to the emancipation
of landscape architects. Others may view the
theoretical debate as irrelevant, or, worse, a
confusing distraction from the budding public
understanding of landscape architects as leaders
in sustainable urban design, but these theories
can be expected to have some influence. Perhaps
its important to explore and understand whats
being debated. (Green) The theory of Landscape
Urbanism fundamentally draws attention to
context. It promotes an understanding of places
based on an ecology that includes people within
the view and response of the natural world.
Landscape Urbanism describes a disciplinary
realignment currently underway in which
landscape replaces architecture as the basic
building block of contemporary urbanism. For
many, across a range of disciplines, landscape
The manufacturing industry in the Midwest is a shadow of its former booming self. Cities across the great lakes and eastern regions that once proudly built the identity of working class America are now largely centers of decaying infrastructure, depressed economics, and destructive environmental conditions. This is occurring because, in most cases, city planning and locations were primarily based on access to transportation and/or proximity to an energy source including waterways, rail lines, highways, and fossil fuels. Little effort was put forth in understanding environmental systems for strategic development. As a result, many post-industrial communities lack significant cultural identity, with gentrified development framing their future existence. This literature review synthesizes post-industrial design theories and works of landscape urbanism, ecological urbanism, and recently projective ecologies that targets issues rust-belt cities face as they look to define reflexive, post-industrial identities.
Landscape Urbanism Methods and Principles
Urbanism. In recent years this term has
stirred much controversy because its broad
definition is applicable to most anything, and
according to Jonathan Barnett, a professor of
urban design at the University of Pennsylvania,
there are over 60 different modifiers that tag
LITERATURE REVIEW
-
19
has become both the lens through which the
contemporary city is represented and medium
through which it is constructed (Waldheim, 11)
This shift challenges an organizational system
of city planning that has been in place since
the Greco-Roman World. When making a quick
comparison of city form, Roman city planning
was derived from a mathematical grid, while city
planning predating Roman influence was much
more compounded and organic.
These realignments have formed from
practicing concepts of habitat fragmentation
and conservation; corridors, and connectivity;
quantitative methodology; heterogeneity,
boundaries, and restoration initially pioneered
by Richard T. Forman (Dramstad, 13). The
once cutting edge regional landscape ecology
methods of Ian McHarg now provide the
analytical foundation of drawing methodic
conclusions in context of an urban site or
ecologic region.
James Corner argues that the
bureaucratic and uninspired failings of the
planning profession has led to a harsh landscape
design typology of decorative scenography
and profit-optimized environments. But I would
argue that landscape as a shaping influence of
cities in the form of parks, public spaces and
gardens is only one aspect of the panoply of
potentials inherent to landscape urbanism.
His practice, James Corner Field Operations,
tests and pioneers Landscape Urbanism theory
in the built environment, and has been very
successful at it.
Corner has created a striking balance
between his professional work and his
contributions as an academic; just t0 the point of
furthering theories of Landscape Urbanism while
managing to retain key design methods and
principles needed to lead a successful business.
Corner goes on to say that landscape urbanism
is at root an undefinable and unlimitable idea.
He says it has value in that regard; landscape
urbanism provides a hopeful and optimistic
framework for new forms of experimentation,
research and practice. It is in essence an
emergent idea, and indeterminate promise.
(Corner, 26-27) As a practice, landscape
urbanism is crossdisciplinary. It seeks to include
a broad range of complex situations that can
be solved when not only architects, planners,
and engineers are involved, but also ecologic,
geographic, anthropologic, cartographic
and philosophic influences are included in
conversations of multi-scalar issues.
Landscape architectural theory at the
University of Pennsylvania has an amazing
history of regional study. To some extent, Corner
opposes the McHargian design model with the
belief that humans do not exist outside the
autonomous nature and that thinking so is
completely irrelevant in current design practice.
-
20WALTZ
When McHarg retired from Penn his planning
vision floundered, faculty redundancies and
defining his vision as regional planning rather
than ecological planning lead to divisions
within the department. This left the landscape
architecture world to reinvent the idea as
landscape urbanism. (Weller, 96) Landscape
urbanism benefits from the long-standing
lineage of regional environmental planning
from Patrick Geddes through Lewis Mumford
to Ian McHarg-yet remains distinct from
that tradition. (Waldheim, 12) Landscape
urbanism appears, at heart, to gravitate toward
infrastructure and a desire to incorporate this
infrastructure into design without resorting to
superficially shrub it up.
Historically, Rust Belt infrastructure
shaped the industrialization of the North
American landscape, but as that industrial
infrastructure decays a new infrastructure
begins to emerge. the overgrown banks of
the Flint River are a testament to the imminent
rebound of its biodiversity from neglect and
abandonment. Decline seems to have become
the progenitor of ecological regeneration. As a
catalytic infrastructure, landscape is rendered
visible at the precise moment at which the city
fails.(Belanger,84) Comparatively, Roman
built cities continue to thrive as exemplar city
planning precedents while others are now ruins
and no longer inhabitable places. While still some
Chinese cities, like Langzhong in the province
of Sichuan has existed as a sustainable urban
form for 2,300 years, designed in harmony with
its natural landscape. This relationship can be
implied to postindustrial American cities, but to
a lesser extreme. Some Rust-Belt cities, though
crippled by industrial outsourcing, continue
to shape sustainable futures, while others
must look to the very core of their existence to
define a future worth sustaining. In many cases
their existence originated solely for industrial
purposes.
As mentioned earlier, proximity to
rail infrastructure, engineered waterways
for fast transport, and inexpensive land
drove this development. Kongjian Yu frames
landscape urbanism in five ways: Feng-shui and
geomancy- the pre-scientific model of landscape
urbanism thinking, Greenways- landscape
as infrastructure of recreation and aesthetic
experience, Greenbelt- landscape as urban
form maker, Ecological network- landscape
as infrastructure for biological conservation,
Ecological infrastructure and ecosystems
services- landscape as integrated infrastructure
for sustainable city and land.
In a market that was once dominated
by civil engineers and architects, infrastructure
is now of extreme relevance to landscape
architects and planners through the changing
context of decentralized structures and regional
economies. Engineering basic elements through
expressive, flexible methods of diagramming
-
21
and phasing Put simply, the urban-regional
landscape should be conceived as infrastructure.
(Belanger, 91)
Ecological Systems and Typologies
Ecologic design at a regional scale
was once an emerging idea, one that is now
recognized as an integral process in analysis
and contextual understanding. The science of
ecology before the 20th century was mainly
focused on plant community taxonomies. It
has since emerged not only as a cultural lens of
shaping aesthetics in landscape design, but as
a medium of construction. Social, physical, and
environmental forces, as defined by ecology,
characterize spatial relationships. Ian McHargs
Design with Nature was a groundbreaking work
that illustrated these concepts. His work led the
way to regional synthesis of ecological design
influences. Ecology is generally defined as the
study of the interactions among organisms
and their environment, and a landscape is a
kilometers-wide mosaic over which particular
local ecosystems and land uses recur. These
concepts have proven to be both simple and
operationally useful. Thus landscape ecology is
simply the ecology of landscapes, and regional
ecology of the ecology of regions. (Dramstad,
12) There are many ecological systems including
land morphology, soils, stream
patterns, vegetation, and habitat all comprise a
mosaic of landscapes, which layered together,
inform regional concepts for management and
conservation.
In Richard T.T. Formans Land Mosaics, he
describes land typologies of patches, corridors,
edges, and flows that impact ecological systems
on large spatial scales. These scales though,
are flexible and transformative. Formans
spatial processes of perforation, dissection,
fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition all form
network systems for ecologic processes. Thus, it
is important to examine fragmentation together
with other spatial processes in the broader
framework of land conservation. (Forman, 407)
By examining and layering these systems one
can draw conclusions that inform future findings
and processes.
The completeness and diagrammatic
simplicity of Formans typologies can be applied
to multiple layers of a project. Chris Reed
and Stoss Landscape Urbanism developed a
planting plan for Riverside Park in New Bedford,
Massachusetts focusing mainly on reforestation
and succession processes. By identifying
dissections and fragmentations of the park, Reed
and Stoss were able to establish a framework
for a dynamic performance ground of growth,
succession, and modification. It is clearly not
about making approximations of pristine natural
environments, but rather making functioning
ecologically based systems that
-
22WALTZ
deal with human activity and natural processes
in the urban environment. (Mossop, 170)
Regenerative landscapes and ecologies must be
informed through environmental systems and
infrastructure if their cultural and natural values
are to remain.
The applications of these typologies
are extensive and can be implemented on a
variety of scales and contexts. The Highline in
New York City focuses on infrastructure as the
basis to apply ecological systems. In a way,
it functions as an edge condition within the
contrasting patches of new mixed-use high-rise
towers and cultural heritage of industry. These
conditions define a type of urban ecology unique
to its location and time, perhaps forming a new
ecologic patch of its own.
The difference between Riverside Park
and The Highline are minimal although the
typology takes on different forms in each.
Both reclaim infrastructural utilities as ecologic
systems for a type of succession; weather it be
vegetated or developable an edge condition will
emerge and socially expand with the sites natural
ecosystem.
Social and Civic Dynamics of Landscape
Government policy shapes and informs
cities and regions equally if not more so than
the impact of traditional landscape ecologies.
Environmental policy generally refers to
natural systems issues in relationship to human
activities. These policies work to prevent and
reduce negative outcomes based on human
intervention and manipulation of the landscape.
Planning strategies for the future of
cities must include some form of Stefano
Boeri suggests five large-scale policies that
present an innovative model of urban economic
development: Sustainability and Democracy,
Agriculture and Ground Consumption,
Nature and Control, Compact and Discard,
Desertification and Subsidiarity. The value
of political ecology for producing green cities
therefore lies in its cautious insistence that
alternative and sustainable forms of urbanism
may well exist, but they necessarily require the
ongoing investigation of how new urban forms
present both opportunities and problems rooted
in the tangled and sometimes divisive social
and political contradictions already inherent in
cities. (Robbins, 415)
Power and progress are two forces that
will always drive and influence human decisions
regardless of natural or urban environments.
But ecology is not simply a project of the natural
sciencesFelix Guattari, writing in The Three
Ecologies, for instance, argued that ecology is as
much bound up in issues of social and economic
-
23
power, demographics, and political struggles
and engagement as it is operating in relationship
to environmental forces. (Reed, 15) But when
combining geographies, climates, economies,
and cultures, the network becomes a series
or system of codependent ecologies.
The difficulty is existing political struggles
within policy. Planners at one point had a
chance at to influence politicians decisions
beyond their current order. In this context it
seems paradoxical that innovation is more likely
to be provided by the successful, big service
providers. The present state of teaching and
research, brought on by its own fault supplies
an explanation: the profession cannot cope
with its depoliticisation. When you think about
it, no firms innovation is allowed seriously to
challenge the clients economic interests. All
innovations thus remain trapped in the prevailing
logic of commercialization. (Bunge, 88) The
current economic system of supply and demand
generates a logic of power and prosperity that
then disregards awareness of planning and
ecologic values and is driven by success.
Ties to rural and urban, the old and new
landscapes are both effected by regional civic
dynamics. Without city and county policy lands
can potentially become redefined spatially with
each new leader. Political ecology combines the
concerns of ecology and the political economy,
typically a field rooted in agrarian politics.
In recent years, many postindustrial cities
have seen a moderate economic resurgence and
once again start to grown as regional urban hubs.
The topics discussed in this literature review
intend to frame theories and works of landscape
urbanism, ecological urbanism, and informed
policy decisions that targets issues rust-belt cities
face as they look to redefine future identities for
their cities and regions.
-
24WALTZ
Terre Haute, Indiana has a beautiful, but until recently, largely overlooked story of life along the Wabash River. For nearly a century the river was an artery among a network of canals for industry and commerce. Known as the Crossroads of America for its crisscrossed rail lines, roads, and highways, the citys global identity grew from a World War II era industrial economy.
The rise and fall of industrialized lands along the Wabash River has resulted in significant ecologic destruction and hydrologic degradation. Not knowing how to reinvest in the river beyond industry, the city turned its back on the most significant river in the state.
In recent years, in contrast to comparable rust belt city cases, Terre Haute has seen a moderate resurgence in its economy and once again grown as a regional urban hub. This plan intends to visualize a Terre Haute restructured to embrace a future, building from the rich histories and evolving identities of the Wabash River, the ecological, economic, social lifeblood of the city.
SIGNIFICANCE
-
25
Total Land: 262,400 acres
Current Wetlands: 18,369 acres
open
wat
er
fore
sted
Terre Haute +
Vigo County
Current Wetlands: 813,000 acres
open
wat
er
fore
sted
Total Land: 22,924,685 acres
Middle Wabash River - Busseron Watershed
Estimated wetlands in 1780: 5,600,000 acres Surface area in wetlands in 1780s: 24.1% Existing wetlands: 813,000 acres Surface area in wetlands today: 3.5 % Wetlands lost: 85%
-
26WALTZ
View of the Vigo County Courthouse from Wabash Avenue.
-
27
METHODOLOGY/PROCESS
-
28WALTZ
This project searches to define the spirit of a city.
For Terre Haute, Indiana, this spirit is found in the
ecological and cultural balance of the Wabash
River. Ecological balance originates with water.
As the city engages in CSO removal plans, this
timely analysis identifies further sustainable
storm water management practices. Catchment
infrastructure and land allocation will insure a
context sensitive future framed by the watershed.
Cultural balance begins by making connections.
Terre Hautes regional influence is identified
by opportunities to expand networks, redefine
character, and increases awareness. A series of
strategies were generated to introduce a network
of ecological and cultural opportunities that
reveals the citys future identity. These strategies
were then applied to a pilot location for site scale
programming. River South was a balanced
selection suitable for capturing the spirit of the
Wabash Valley region.
PROJECT STATEMENT
-
2929
Points of ecologic orcultural significance
Map and data inventory of the three subwatersheds in which Terre Haute exists.
-
30WALTZ
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
EngageThis project aims to address real issues in ways that have long term benefits and selective short term implementation potential.
Seek out a local organization to function as hypothetical client
Incorporate issues brought up by client organization and stakeholder groups
Present findings to client and stakeholders and donate research for future public awareness campaigns
IdentifyThis project aims to shape Terre Hautes identity by forming a series of guidlines that direct future economic growth and development.
Celebrate relationship between cultural and historic traditions
Engage diverse age and ethnic groups in ways to be civically and socially active
Brand locations within the city as districts specific to local microculture
SustainThis project aims to balance solutions sensitive to stormwater at a watershed scale.
Identify opportunities to decentralize stormwater retention
Respond to ecological analysis resultsApply green infrastructure technologies
to pilot site for testing.
ActivateThis project aims to identify programmatic opportunities to activate places for public use.
Improve currently underutilized amenities Repurpose post-industrial landscapes Create opportunities for healthy lifestyles Invite waterfront recreation
ConnectThis project aims to mitigate habitat fragmentation by connecting ecological and cultural land.
Establish connections to interest points within the region Respond to cultural analysis results Improve network of trails, public transportation, and walkable streets Engage with water throughout the city
EducateThis project aims to educate users by facilitating opportunities for natural discovery Create outdoor learning experiences Represent historic events in iconic ways Capitalize on retrofitted structures to serve as institutions of environmental education
-
31
CURRENTREGIONAL
CHALLENGES
UNDER APPRICIATED PUBLIC ARTSPRAWLING INFRASTRUCTURERIVERS INDUSTRIAL HISTORYDEMOGRAPHICSRESIDENTIAL VACANCIESHEALTH + WELLNESSCOMMUNITY ESSENCE
NON-EXISTENT CONNECTIVITYBARRIER/ LACK OF ACCESSDIRTY RIVERLACK OF PROGRAMFLOOD PREPERATIONRECREATION AWARENESSRIVER AWARENESS
WETLAND REVITALIZATIONFLOODWAY USAGEINDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELDSINVASIVE SPECIESWATER QUALITY + COLORHABITAT FRAGMENTATIONCITY CSO MANAGEMENT
-
32WALTZ
PROJECT SCOPE
The scope of this project focuses on creating a
holistic regional framework based on the context
analysis. First, the design must address key issues
at a macro-level based on cultural and ecological
lens. Second, apply the analysis to a location
at a site scale. This translation is key to the
regional plans success. After defining program
opportunities and design elements, the site scale
plan will reflect the goals established by the
regional framework plan.
-
33
-
34WALTZ
CLIENT GROUP
Seeking out and working with a client group was necessary for this academic project. Wabash Valley Art Spaces surfaced as a local group with a passion for improving quality of life in the region and civic awareness through city wide sculptural installations. Art Spaces values creative partnerships with business, government, foundations, universities and others positively contribute to economic revitalization and provide amenities for residents and visitors.
Partnering with the client and reaching out to other agencies including the City of Terre Hautes planning department, Indiana State University, and Wabash River Development & Beautification, Inc. was also necessary to successfully understand the vast scale and complexity of this project. Realistically, this project would have many other organizations involved at county and state levels, including but not limited to Vigo County Parks Department and Indiana Department of Environmental Management.
-
35
ClientDesignTeam
Agencies /Stakeholders
Project Partners
Primary Contact: Mary Kramer
Primary Contact:Luke Waltz
Primary Contacts: Kevin Runion
Pat Martin
-
36WALTZ
View of Wabash River from boat ramp in Fairbanks Park .
-
37
SOLUTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
-
38WALTZ
This site is informed by the context of
surrounding neighborhoods. The process is
repeated throughout the city forming a new
network of social, economic, and ecologic
growth.
The scalar nature of Detroit Future City
allows growth to be flexible. The design intent is
communicated at multiple scales. As touched on
earlier, it begins with micro-scale residential land
vacancies that grow into a neighborhood scale, a
community scale, and then is realized at a macro
city scale.
143 square miles, of those 28 square
miles of vacant areas perforate the cities vast
landscape. As a shrinking city, managing lands
of this scale and varied terrain is extensive
and costly. Letting the terrain inform design
decisions is key to understanding which natural
systems can be capitalized on as new urban
infrastructure. Hydrology and pedology form the
roadmap for Detroits future land-use.
Ecological landscapes are one of five
design programs driving the concept of Detroit
Future City. These opportunity landscapes are
identified within residual industrial land and
vacancies to specifically target habitat
Design thinking is a series of
processes. It is the ability to articulate
complex systems and solutions through a
series of visual representations in a concise
and simply understood format. This practice
drives discovery and is typically subject to
interpretation. Context and process are the
foundation upon which a design emerges.
Recently Stoss Landscape Urbanism completed
a project in Detroit identifying a strategic
framework plan to improve the socioeconomic
future of the city, Detroit Future City.
Context In a broad sense the site is the entire city
of Detroit. But the purpose of a framework plan
is to identify site-specific design strategies that
are informed by the context. Stoss identifies
fragmented land vacancies as a site typology. A
larger site then emerges within a neighborhood.
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
Case StudyDetroit: Future City - Stoss
Stoss LU
-
39
Stoss LUStoss LU
creation relating to urban forests and meadows.
Rapid succession and reforestation will form a
complete ecologic framework within the city.
Social and productive landscapes allow
residences to reclaim the landscape as their own.
Facilitating urban agriculture and programming
recreational centers reinstates identity and
pride within a community setting. By identifying
strategic locations for implementation, the
impact of these design programs will act as a
ripple that permeates all layers of culture in the
city.
ProcessAt a project of this scale, enormous
amounts of data must be collected and
synthesized into objectives. Mapping this data
creates a visual inventory from which analytic
conclusions are drawn. The analysis surfaces
from related studies of current land uses,
ecologic systems, cultural regions, connective
corridors, etc.
This is the moment in the analytical
process when discovery happens. Through the
process new relationships form to identify design
issues and solutions. Specifically designing
hybrid infrastructure networks, ecologic
networks, open space networks, and food
networks in Detroit has the potential to frame
future identity.
From the beginning Stoss identified
what resources were available within the city to
successfully create this conceptual framework
plan. The typologies/ prototypical landscapes
were very helpful in seeing the application of
these tools. Each define unique elements of the
site and project, combined they work as a system
of infrastructures and solutions to the issue of
Detroits growing vacancies.
Input/output and process diagrams are
extremely helpful in terms of communicating
and defending the design intent. They give
direction to the project and serve as guidelines as
it develops.
From a representation standpoint the
communication of ideas and design intent is
clear. The types of drawings are simple and
diagrammatic. For a large-scale project like this I
believe representation has to be conceptual and
graphic, rather than photoreal. The quality of
work and the output level was high.
Through the process of design thinking,
complex solutions can be graphically represented
in understandable formats. Stoss Landscape
Urbanism is very successful at this process and
Detroit Future City exemplifies this practice.
-
40WALTZ
Currently 10 active combined sewer overflows
(CSOs) are discharging, on average, 284 million
gallons of combined sewage each year into the
Wabash River. Pressing health and environmental
concerns provide an opportunity to define
alternative stormwater management solutions.
Ecologic Enhancementsubwatershed management
challenges
30% higher E.Coli levels than water quality standards
37 combined sewer overflow events/ year 174 hours of bacteria and nutrient loadings during typical CSO event
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
41
CSO locations
existing stormwater
10 current
infrastructure
n o t t o s c a l e n o r t h
Existing stormwater infrastructure
-
42WALTZ
By analyzing the landform that surrounds and
creates the high ground of Terre Haute watershed
subdivisions can be made to identify smaller sub-
drainage basins to naturally direct surface runoff
toward the Wabash River. Data computations
informed by precise areas of each basin uncover
the total volume of stormwater that falls within
each during any given design storm.
Ecologic Enhancement
responsessubwatershed management
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
43
3
3
3
4
5
4
45
5
7
7
7
8
8
8
9
99
10
10
11
11
12
12
15
15
16
1718
1920
14
14
13
13
6
66
2
2
2
1
1
1
Izaak Walton Lake Drainage Basin 8total area: 22,433,400 ft2
1 year: 5,047,515 ft3
50 year: 10,655,865 ft3
100 year: 11,590,590ft3
Honey Creek Drainage Basin 8total area: 114,214,320 ft2
1 year: 256,98,222 ft3
50 year: 54,251,802 ft3
100 year: 59,010,732 ft3
Lost Creek Drainage Basin 4total area: 75,925,080 ft2
1 year: 17,083,143 ft3
50 year: 36,064,413 ft3
100 year: 39,227,958 ft3
n o t t o s c a l e n o r t h
Stormwater drainage basins
-
44WALTZ
A future network of decentralized lands dedicated
to stormwater retention, detention and storage.
This system will function concurrently with
the citys combined sewer overflow long-term
control plan (LTCP), and as a result allow further
opportunities for stromwater to recharge the
groundwater supply closer to the source where
each rain drop hits the earth.
Ecologic Enhancement
outcomessubwatershed management
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
45
7
89
stormwatermain removal within 100 of ROWs
potential lands for stormwater capture based on drainage basins
n o t t o s c a l e n o r t h
Identified stormwater management land within the subwatersheds
-
46WALTZ
An analysis of current riverfront and citywide
barriers reveal an underutilized system of great
parks, open spaces, art and musical venues, nature
preserves, eaterys, and other cultural amenities.
Cultural Connectionsthe Wabash Valley identity
challenges
Riverfront Barriers
Lack of Safety
Lack of Program
Lack of
Access47%
32%
21%
City Barriers
Poor Public
Image
Lack of Program
Lack of `Access43%
28%
29%
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
47n o t t o s c a l e n o r t h
Existing culturally significant places
-
48WALTZ
By inferring cultural relationships based on
location and importance, a hierarchy of networks
emerges. This system can now be used to
conceptually inform the cultural landuses and
predict opportunities for future growth.
Cultural Connectionsthe Wabash Valley identity
responses
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
49n o t t o s c a l e n o r t h
Implied connections between culturally significant places
-
50WALTZ
2015 20401990
Recreation TrailsPublic Street CarGreen Streets
to Rileyvia abandoned rail line
Over the next 25 years, this phasing strategy will
simultaneously increase public infrastructure and
link access to 4,763 acres of culturally significant
land. And in turn, help to define the regions
identity and improve awareness of the river.
outcomes
Cultural Connectionsthe Wabash Valley identity
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
51
to Parke Countyvia Covered Bridge Gateway Trail
to Clay Countyvia Heritage Trail
to Rileyvia abandoned rail line
to
Terre Haute
to Prairieton via shared use trail
to Saint Mary of the Woods Collegevia land acquisition
to Paris, IL
n o t t o s c a l e
West
via HW 40 Boulevard
n o r t h
Identified cultural land connections within the subwatersheds
-
52WALTZ
3,401 Acres 6,028 Acres 7,176 Acres 12,439 Acres
Water Treatment Pilot Land
Phase 1Infrastructure Land
Phase 2Restoration Land
current and planned trails/ networks
water treatment infrastructure/ circulation corridors
identified land to remain undeveloped
post-industrial land reclaimed as land-scape infrustructure
drainage basin stormwater filtration
Phase 3Management Land
24,650 Acres
Phase 4Preservation Land Total Land
53,694 Acres
46%
6%
14%
11%
23%
This plan unifies the outcomes of both ecological
and cultural analyses into a framework for Terre
Haute. The plan targets 53,894 acres of land
capable of balancing the citys growth to insure a
future of sustainable development.
Regional Framework Plana balanced growth strategy
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
530 2 , 0 0 0
n o r t h4 , 0 0 0 8 , 0 0 0
figure 16
Regional Framework Plan
-
54WALTZ
7 design strategies were formed based on
community input, previously conducted surveys,
and specific overall goals. Each contains 5
prototypical design elements, or opportunities
that inform the programmatic conditions of
a potential site. Together these 35 design
opportunities serve as guidelines for growth in
the region.
Matrix Formuladesign process variables
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
55
Matrix formula
-
56WALTZ
35 design opportunities represent significant
elements that make up the 7 major design
strategies. These subcategories inform which
types of programmatic elements will be
successfully implemented at any given site.
Design Opportunitiesprogram element prototypes
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
57
design opportunities and program elements.
-
58WALTZ
54321
The 35 design opportunities were applied to a
feasibility study which determines one or more
locations best suited to become a pilot sites for
ecological and cultural revitalization The study
was looking specifically for a place that was
completely balanced in terms of the opportunities
it could support.
The site that came out of this analysis actually
ended up being a place that has become popular
in recent months for economic reasons beyond
the purpose of this study.
River South includes 360 acres of waterfront
industrial land between Fairbanks Park and
Interstate 70.
Feasibility Analysissite suitability testing
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
-
59figure 19
Site feasibility analysis and site suitability testing to find balanced site
-
60WALTZ
35
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
SITE DESIGN
Analysis: River Southa balanced pilot site
The challenges this 360 acre site currently faces
are results of decades of industrial usage and
disconnection to its surrounding context. By
applying the 5 design strategies, this site will serve
as a testament and landmark for Terre Hautes
future identity as a riverfront city.
Thumbnail studies of design program application
-
6161figure 21
Site analysis identifying opportunities for new connections based on design strategies.
-
62WALTZ
1 entry2 boat launch3 parking4 riverview restaurant5 first stage retention basin6 low rise residential7 outdoor education space 8 pedestrian trail9 boardwalk10 overlook11 pedestrian bridge12 floodplain wetlands13 forested wetland14 upland forest15 Wabash Heritage Center
16 Hulman Street gateway17 pedestrian promenade 18 Industrial Heritage Center19 second stage retention basin20 lift station facility21 Voorhees Street gateway22 event lawn 23 lagoon entry24 third stage retention basin25 Voorhees trolly stop26 Hulman trolly stop27 wetland boardwalk28 wetland overlook29 main lift station facility30 grassland pasture
map key
Master PlanRiver South pilot site
SITE DESIGN
-
6363
16
2124
2825
26
22
29
27
23
13
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
19
20
11
10
12
13
14
30
15
15
2
17
11
Wabash River
Wabashiki Fish and Wildlife Area
Interstate 70
Voorhees Street
Prairieton RoadMargaret Avenue
Hulman Stre
WashingtonAvenue
First Street
0 3 0 0 6 0 0n o r t h
Voorhees Park
figure 22
1 2 0 0
Illustrative site master plan
-
64WALTZ
map key
Cultural land use
Function DiagramRiver South pilot site
SITE DESIGN
-
6565
0 3 0 0 6 0 0n o r t h
figure 23
1 2 0 0
Site function diagram depicting new circulation and landuse design systems.
-
66WALTZ
1 residential mixed use2 pedestrian bridge 3 first stage stormwater retention4 river access ramp5 riverview restaurant and overlook6 parking7 commercial mixed use8 multi-use event lawn9 local artisan studios 10 commercial mixed use11 lift station facility12 forested wetlands13 floodplain wetland14 upland forest15 riverfront trail
map key
Plan EnlargementsRiver South pilot site
SITE DESIGN
-
67
0 1 5 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 n o r t h
1
2
3
76
4
5
8
9
1011
12
13
1415
6
6
Plan enlargement of residential mixed use infill and northern gateway to downtown Terre Haute.
-
68WALTZ
map key1 residential mixed use2 riverfront trail 3 second stage stormwater retention4 commercial mixed use5 neighborhood restaurant6 parking7 local artisan studios 8 street car station9 wellness gardens10 entry sculpture11 Hulman Street Gateway12 forested wetlands13 floodplain wetland14 upland forest15 riverfront access trail
SITE DESIGN
-
69
0 1 5 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 n o r t h
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
7
6
4
4
4
5
9
10 11
12
13
14
15
68
Plan enlargement of the River South District a riverfront lifestyle community.
-
70WALTZ
map key1 wetland overlook2 Wabash River Nature Center3 interpretive promenade4 pedestrian/ bike trails5 public facilities6 parking7 overflow parking8 street car station9 athletic event lawn10 social event lawn11 drop-off/ landing12 forested wetlands13 floodplain wetland14 upland forest15 riverfront trail
SITE DESIGN
-
71
0 1 5 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 n o r t h
1
2
3
7
6
4
59
10
11
1213
14
15
8
Plan enlargement of Wabash River Nature Center and multi-purpose fields adjacent to existing Voorhees Park.
-
72WALTZ
map key
SITE DESIGN
1 wetland overlook2 Industrial History Center3 interpretative promenade4 pedestrian/ bike trails5 second stage stormwater retention6 parking7 overflow parking8 street car station9 lift station facility10 social event lawn11 drop-off/ landing12 forested wetlands13 upland forest14 Margaret Avenue Gateway15 entry sculpture
-
73
0 1 5 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 n o r t h
1
2
3
7
6
4
5
8
9
10
11
11
12
13
14
15
6
Plan enlargement of industrial cultural center and Southern gateway.
-
74WALTZ
map key1 pedestrian bridge2 separation structures3 second stage stormwater retention4 third stage stormwater retention5 transitional lagoon wetland system6 parking7 public facilities8 lagoon wetland overlook9 lagoon wetland trail 10 access drive11 lift station facility12 forested wetlands13 floodplain wetland14 upland forest15 riverfront trail
SITE DESIGN
-
75
0 1 5 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 n o r t h
1
23
3
7
4
55
8
9
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
6
Plan enlargement of lagoon and wetland areas.
-
76WALTZ
SITE DESIGN
Sections depicting the landform change to accommodate stormwater capture
-
77
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0
-
78WALTZ
SITE DESIGN
-
79
Lagoon and reconstructed wetland functioning with passive and active recreation
-
80WALTZ
SITE DESIGN
-
81
Approach to the Wabash River Nature Center.
-
82WALTZ
SITE DESIGN
-
83
Section perspective of First Street promenade and trolley line.
-
84WALTZ
SITE DESIGN
pedestrian bridge elevation
The purpose of these bridges are to extend a
physical connection from the city to nature.
Wabashiki Fish and Wildlife Area serves as an
amazing recreational asset that is currently
under utilized. These conceptual bridge proposals
interpret the crossing and intersecting of cultural
and ecological experiences into structural form.
Pedestrian Bridge conceptual development
-
85
South pedestrian bridge approach from riverfront trail and wetland lagoons
North pedestrian bridge overlooking Wabashiki Fish and Wildlife Area
-
86WALTZ
The stormwater strategies serve as examples of
green infrastructure management practices. By
implementing these methods, there is potential
to elievate approximatley half of all rainwater
draining from the two basins on site. In terms of
cost effectivness and environmental sensivity,
less water will be combined and treated at the
waste water treatment facility down stream.
Stormwater Strategiesprototype application
DETAILED DESIGN
-
87
Overview plan of stormwater treatment system.
Stormwater treatmentsystem prototypes.
Drainage basin design calculations for onsite water management potential.
-
88WALTZ
1yr24hr 2yr24hr 10yr24hr 50yr24hr 100yr24hrInches 2.7 3.1 4.4 5.7 6.2
Name acre Feet 0.225 0.258333333 0.366666667 0.475 0.516666667Izaak_06 1848 80498880 18112248 20795544 29516256 38236968 41591088Izaak_01 1151 50137560 11280951 12952203 18383772 23815341 25904406Izaak_07 1012 44082720 9918612 11388036 16163664 20939292 22776072Izaak_04 929 40467240 9105129 10454037 14837988 19221939 20908074Izaak_09 823 35849880 8066223 9261219 13144956 17028693 18522438Izaak_08 515 22433400 5047515 5795295 8225580 10655865 11590590Izaak_02 425 18513000 4165425 4782525 6788100 8793675 9565050Izaak_03 323 14069880 3165723 3634719 5158956 6683193 7269438Izaak_05 249 10846440 2440449 2801997 3977028 5152059 5603994
0 cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet0 cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet
LostCreek_00 328 14287680 3214728 3690984 5238816 6786648 7381968Lost_Creek_01 135 5880600 1323135 1519155 2156220 2793285 3038310Lost_Creek_02 60 2613600 588060 675180 958320 1241460 1350360Lost_Creek_03 265 11543400 2597265 2982045 4232580 5483115 5964090Lost_Creek_04 1743 75925080 17083143 19613979 27839196 36064413 39227958Lost_Creek_05 293 12763080 2871693 3297129 4679796 6062463 6594258Lost_Creek_06 104 4530240 1019304 1170312 1661088 2151864 2340624Lost_Creek_07 2175 94743000 21317175 24475275 34739100 45002925 48950550Lost_Creek_08 735 32016600 7203735 8270955 11739420 15207885 16541910Lost_Creek_09 1316 57324960 12898116 14808948 21019152 27229356 29617896Lost_Creek_10 221 9626760 2166021 2486913 3529812 4572711 4973826Lost_Creek_11 162 7056720 1587762 1822986 2587464 3351942 3645972Lost_Creek_12 493 21475080 4831893 5547729 7874196 10200663 11095458Lost_Creek_13 678 29533680 6645078 7629534 10829016 14028498 15259068Lost_Creek_14 895 38986200 8771895 10071435 14294940 18518445 20142870Lost_Creek_15 3290 143312400 32245290 37022370 52547880 68073390 74044740LostCreek_16 294 12806640 2881494 3308382 4695768 6083154 6616764LostCreek_17 226 9844560 2215026 2543178 3609672 4676166 5086356LostCreek_18 111 4835160 1087911 1249083 1772892 2296701 2498166LostCreek_19 205 8929800 2009205 2306865 3274260 4241655 4613730
0 cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet0 cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet cubicfeet
HoneyCreek_08 2622 114214320 25698222 29505366 41878584 54251802 59010732HoneyCreek_06 925 40293000 9065925 10409025 14774100 19139175 20818050HoneyCreek_10 691 30099960 6772491 7775823 11036652 14297481 15551646HoneyCreek_11 605 26353800 5929605 6808065 9663060 12518055 13616130HoneyCreek_02 576 25090560 5645376 6481728 9199872 11918016 12963456HoneyCreek_01 517 22520520 5067117 5817801 8257524 10697247 11635602HoneyCreek_04 459 19994040 4498659 5165127 7331148 9497169 10330254HoneyCreek_9 445 19384200 4361445 5007585 7107540 9207495 10015170HoneyCreek_07 443 19297080 4341843 4985079 7075596 9166113 9970158HoneyCreek_12 365 15899400 3577365 4107345 5829780 7552215 8214690HoneyCreek_13 352 15333120 3449952 3961056 5622144 7283232 7922112HoneyCreek_16 266 11586960 2607066 2993298 4248552 5503806 5986596HoneyCreek_17 263 11456280 2577663 2959539 4200636 5441733 5919078HoneyCreek_03 129 5619240 1264329 1451637 2060388 2669139 2903274HoneyCreek_14 122 5314320 1195722 1372866 1948584 2524302 2745732HoneyCreek_15 113 4922280 1107513 1271589 1804836 2338083 2543178HoneyCreek_05 84 3659040 823284 945252 1341648 1738044 1890504
DETAILED DESIGN
-
89
0 3 0 0 6 0 0n o r t h
Site grading plan at 5 foot contour intervals.
-
90WALTZ
This exercise studies two particular programmatic site elements - habitat and stormwater. It attempts to look at the progression of water and soil over time.
Naturally occurring wetlands form complex hydrologic relationships between water and soil. Through the lens of time, we can begin to understand the change in soil composition and structure as a result of constant saturation. Hydric soils form gradually, so it is difficult as humans to watch the progression of this phenomenon.
This diorama speeds up the process and incorporate human scale elements to bring a user closer to the natural cleansing and filtering system of constructed wetlands. A progression through the hydrologic landscape brings the viewer from a point of complete immersion, interacting and harmonizing within the ecosystem.
DETAILED DESIGN
-
91
Detailed study model of lagoon boardwalk and changing wetland conditions.
-
92WALTZ
Regional Ecology As Culture Future began as a question to challenge traditional planning practices in the region. Over the course of the project it grew to become more than simply an idea for change. It has potential to be a foundational element in a movement where, by embracing the natural heritage, residents and are empowered to rewriting the citys future.
After participating in a collaborative design charrette focusing on the One Wabash site downtown, (another location identified by the feasibility study) it is evident that this is a city dedicated to defining an identity beyond its current reputation.
Now inspired by a vision and equipped with a set of recommendations the Wabash Valley region has the ability to predict and effectively direct growth on a macro-level.
OUTCOME & FUTURE
Collaboration during One Wabash Design Charrette.
-
93
Overview of room during One Wabash Design Charrette.
Conceptual model of the future One Wabash District.
-
94WALTZ
View of rail line access into abandoned International Paper property.
-
95
APPENDIX
-
96WALTZ
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)- sewers designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater in the same pipe.
Complete Streets- designed and operated to enable safe access for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities
Culture- the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time
Ecology- the study of interactions among organisms and their environment
Framework Plan- a large-scale systematic plan or arrangement for attaining some particular object or putting a particular idea into effect.
Green infrastructure- an approach to management that protects, restores, or mimics the natural cycles
Habitat fragmentation- alteration of habitat resulting in spatial separation of habitat units from a previous state of greater continuity.
Infrastructure- the basic system of facilities, services, and installations that enable community functions
Landscape ecology- furthering the theory of landscape urbanism to a holistic approach including all aspects of ecologic understanding
DEFINITION OF TERMS
-
97
Landscape urbanism- the theory of city organization based on landscape form as opposed to the developing of city based on building form
Matrix- an array of quantities or expressions in rows and columns that is treated as a single entity and manipulated according to particular rules
Microculture- the specialised subgroups, marked with their own languages, ethos and rule expectations, that permeate differentiated industrial societies
Network- a group or system of interconnected people or things Pilot- done as an experiment or test before introducing something more widely
Prototype- preliminary development model able to be refined, reproduced, and implemented
Rust-belt- term used to describe the shrinking postindustrial United States region of Northeastern and East North central states
Sub-watershed- a topographic perimeter of the catchment area of a stream or tributary
Typology- classification according to general type, characteristic, or relatable trait
Watershed- an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.
-
98WALTZ
December MayBreak Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Week 16 Week 17 Week 18
Inventory and AnalysisSite study/inventory/photographsConduct interviews with professionals Meet with advisors [tbd]Update proposal goals and objectivesinventory and analyze local GIS dataFinalize analysis diagrams and studiesRegional Framework PlanBegin preliminary design phaseBegin typology developmentFinalize conecptual framework planFinalize typology paramaters for 3 edge scenarios Finalize Illustrative framework planFramework Application ModelingBegin site base model design in Rhinodevelope framework algorithms based on typologic paramatersoverlay parametric outcomes from Grasshopper on base model in Rhinotest site study model iterations based on parameters fabricate final model of site based on new framework parametersSchematic Designapply typology to identified site locationdevelop phasing planCharacter DrawingsOutline necessary drawings to communicate research and developmentparametric modeling diagrams/ final output resultsecological and development succession diagrams and sectionsPerspective character renderingsProductionbegin presentation outlines Finalize all drawingsfinaliz finalize all textCreate presentation boardsInvite stakeholders to final presentation sessionFinal Presentation
v
January February March April
Comprehensive Project Semester Timeline
PROJECT TIMELINE
-
99
December MayBreak Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Week 16 Week 17 Week 18
Inventory and AnalysisSite study/inventory/photographsConduct interviews with professionals Meet with advisors [tbd]Update proposal goals and objectivesinventory and analyze local GIS dataFinalize analysis diagrams and studiesRegional Framework PlanBegin preliminary design phaseBegin typology developmentFinalize conecptual framework planFinalize typology paramaters for 3 edge scenarios Finalize Illustrative framework planFramework Application ModelingBegin site base model design in Rhinodevelope framework algorithms based on typologic paramatersoverlay parametric outcomes from Grasshopper on base model in Rhinotest site study model iterations based on parameters fabricate final model of site based on new framework parametersSchematic Designapply typology to identified site locationdevelop phasing planCharacter DrawingsOutline necessary drawings to communicate research and developmentparametric modeling diagrams/ final output resultsecological and development succession diagrams and sectionsPerspective character renderingsProductionbegin presentation outlines Finalize all drawingsfinaliz finalize all textCreate presentation boardsInvite stakeholders to final presentation sessionFinal Presentation
v
January February March April
Comprehensive Project Semester Timeline
-
100WALTZ
SITE PHOTOS
-
101
-
102WALTZ
-
103
-
104WALTZ
-
105
-
106WALTZ
PREVIOUS REPORTS
2014: Turn To The River: J3 Concepts
2011: RHIC District Plan: Ratio Architects
2011: Trail and Greenway Plan: Burgess& Niple
2011: CSO Long-Term Control Plan: HWC Engineering
2011: RiverSCAPE Master Plan: TSWDG/ HNTB
2009: ISU Campus Master Plan: Ratio Architects
-
107
-
108WALTZ
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Corner, James. Landscape Urbanism In The Field. Topos: Landscape Urbanism 71 (2010): 25-29. Print. 15 Oct. 2014.
Cote, R. Industrial Ecosystems. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1: 911. doi: (1997), 10.1162/jiec.1997.1.3.9
Dramstad, Wenche E., James D. Olson, and Richard T. T. Forman. Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-use Planning. Cambridge? Mass.: Harvard U Graduate School of Design, 1996. Print.
Forman, Richard T. T. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995. Print.
Green, Jared. New Web Site Tries to Answer the Question: What Is Landscape Urbanism? The Dirt. ASLA, 14 Sept. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.
Guattari, Flix. The three ecologies, tr. by Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton. Athlone Press, 2000.
Herrington, Susan. The nature of Ian McHargs science. Landscape Journal 29.1: (2010) 110. Print
Hofland, Adam and Arjen Meeuwsen. Landscape Architects Needed More Than Ever. Topos: Making Space 77 (2011): 14-21. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
Art Spaces... Current Projects: Art Spaces, Inc., Wabash Valley Outdoor Sculpture Collection. Web. 15 Oct. 2014. .
Arvidson, Adam. On the Right Path. Landscape Architecture Magazine Sep. 2013: 48-58. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
Beiro, Jose, Nuno Montenegro, and Pedro Arrobas. City Information Modelling: Parametric Urban Models Including Design Support Data. www.academia.edu.Web. .
Belanger, Pierre. Landscape As Infrastructure. Landscape Journal 28.1 (2009): 79-95. Print.
Cook, Robert E. Projective Ecologies: Do Landscapes Learn? Ecologys New Paradigm and Design in Landscape Architecture. NY: Actar, 2014. Print.
Corbin, C. I. Vacancy and the Landscape: Cultural Context and Design Response. Landscape Journal 22.1 (2003): 12-24. Print.
Corner, James. Landscape Urbanism In The Field. Topos: Landscape Urbanism 71 (2010): 25-29. Print. 15 Oct. 2014.
Corbin, C. I. Vacancy and the Landscape: Cultural Context and Design Response. Landscape Journal 22.1 (2003): 12-24. Print.
-
109
Holbrook, Tom, and Paula Kirk. Energy Masterplanning and Urbanism. Topos: Sydney, New York, London 75 (2011): 91-94. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
Hunter, Mary Carol. Using Ecological Theory to Guide Urban Planting Design: An Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change. Landscape Journal 30.2 (2011): 173-93. Print.
Indiana Department of Natural Resources. DNR: Wabashiki Fish & Wildlife Area. Web. 15 Oct. 2014. .
Logan, Katharine. Go! Fish! Landscape Architecture Magazine July 2014: 48-58. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
Loures, Luis, Jon Burley, and Thomas Panagopoulos. Postindustrial Landscape Redevelopment: Addressing the Past, Envisioning the Future. International Journal of Energy and Environment.Print. 15 Oct. 2014.
McHarg, Ian L. Design with Nature. New York: J. Wiley, 1992. Print.
Mossop, Elizabeth, Waldheim, Charles. The Landscape Urbanism Reader: Landscapes of Infrastructure. 163-177. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006. Print.
Mostafavi, Mohsen, and Ciro Najle. Landscape Urbanism: A Manual for the Machinic Landscape. London: Architectural Association, 2003. Print.
Mostafavi, Mohsen, and Gareth Doherty. Ecological Urbanism. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Mller, 2010. Print.
Reed, Chris. Detroit Future City: Productive Landscape and New Urban Ecologies. Topos: Urban Strategies 84 (2013): 24-25. Print. 15 Oct. 2014.
Reed, Chris, and Nina-Marie E. Lister. Projective Ecologies. NY: Actar, 2014. Print.
Robbins, Paul. Mostafavi, Mohsen, and Ciro Najle. Landscape Urbanism: The Political Ecology of Ecological Urbanism. London: Architectural Association, 2003. Print.
Schneider, Christian, Anastasia Koltsova, and Gerhard Schmitt. Components for Parametric Urban Design in Grasshopper. Proceedings For the 2011 Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design (SimAUD). 2011 Spring Simulation Multi-conference, Boston, MA. Vol. 8. Print.
Shane, Grahame, Waldheim, Charles. The Landscape Urbanism Reader: The Emergence of Landscape Urbanism. 55-67. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006. Print.
-
110WALTZ
The Riverscape Vision. Wabash Valley Riverscape. Web. 15 Oct. 2014. .
Turn To The River. J3 Concepts. Web. 15 Oct. 2014. .
Urban Lab. FWD: Free Water District. Praxis 2011: 62-65. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
Waldheim, Charles. Landscape Urbanism A Genealogy. Praxis: 10-17. Print. 15 Oct. 2014.
Waldheim, Charles. The Landscape Urbanism Reader. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006. Print.
Weller, R. Landscape (Sub)Urbanism in Theory and Practice. Landscape Journal 27.2 (2008): 247-67. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
Yo, Kongjian. Five Traditions for Landscape Urbanism Thinking. Topos: Landscape Urbanism 71 (2010): 58-63. Print. 15 Oct. 2014.
Zell, Jennifer. A River To Live By. Landscape Architecture Magazine Apr. 2014: 128-41. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
-
111
-
112WALTZ