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:+1+1 Dlhjalo~avohk+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:

:+1+: Fmg hd zas `on n`a kdm +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>

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MMPPMMNN]]VVOOUUMM ^]]GGGGAAZZ__

V m ehllht okd akaly~o~ o~ sazv h e a j zha f mzszhimnv he FD ZMDOH, t`on`, vhdmv`mztov` v`m Thzlf Jakb akf v`m Jmzvm l~gakkEh}kfavohk, `a~ ~mv }s v`m ZmdohkalE}v}zm Okovoavoum, a kmvthzb he mpsmzv~lhhbokd av v`m e}v}zm he zmdohkal vzmkf~+V m hj imn voum h e v`m km vthzb o~ vh a kaly~makf j}olf a nhk~mk~}~ hk v`m e}v}zmogsanv~ he v`m bmy n`allmkdm~ v`avzmdohk~ toll eanm ok v`m e}v}zm akf vhmlajhzavm akf fo~n}~~ sh~~ojlm zm~shk~m~+V m h}vs }v he v`m km vthzb ~ h}lf s zhuofm

a ja~o~ ehz shlony fo~n}~~ohk akf n`honm~ok v`m n hg okd ymaz~+

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Eoum sasmz~ hk man` n`allmkdm `aumjmmk fzaevmf akf fo~n}~~mf tov`

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fzoumz~ lanb ~vavo~vonal fava av zmdohkal

lmuml+

OKFOUOF]AL N@ALLMKDM^ AKF ZMDOHKAL

FO SAZOVOM

DLHJALO^AVOHK

Dlhjalo~avohk o~ oknzma~okdly okvmdzavokd hethzlf gazbmv~ f}m vh fogoko~`okdvzak~anvohk nh~v~ akf tmabmkmf jazzomz~vh v`m mpn`akdm he dhhf~, ~mzuonm~,nasoval, smhslm, ofma~, okehzgavohk akfbkhtlmfdm+ T`olm ov szhuofm~ a }koq}mhsshzv}kovy ehz fmumlhsgmkv, ov gaoklyjmkmeov~ v`m zmdohk~ tov` vzafokd

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ajolovy he man` azma vh daok mpvmzkaloknhg m f ms mkf~ hk ~mumzal hv`mz ean vhz~t`on` ogsanv lhnal azma~ ok foeemzmkvtay~2 v`m~m oknl}fm nlogavm, kav}zalzm~h}znm~, lhnavohk akf v`m savvmzk akf

~vzmkd v` h e mpo~vokd gazbmv lokbadm~+

V m g aok emav}zm~ he dlhjalo~avohk t`on`fmvmzgokm shvmkvoal jmkmeov~ akf nh~v~azm9 dlhjal eozg~ fzouokd okkhuavohk akf~smnoalo~avohk2 ezmm vzafm adzmmgmkv~2

uhlavolovy ok nhgghfovy szonm~ akfuhl}gm~ he okf}~vzoal dhhf~ akf ~mzuonm~2dzhtv` he nzh~~'jhzfmz shzvehlohokum~vgmkv akf nasoval gazbmv~2fmsmkfmknm hk ~smnoalo~mf `}gak

zm~h}znm~ akf ~boll~+

Emav}zm~ gay dmkmzavm jmkmeov~ akfnh~v~ ok okfouof}al nh}kvzom~ akf zmdohk~,ok ~hgm na~m~ smzsmv}avokd mnhkhgon,~hnoal akf mkuozhkgmkval fo~sazovom~ akf

ok hv`mz na~m~ zmf}nokd v`mg+ Ehz

ok~vaknm, v`m dzhtokd ogshzvaknm hedlhjal eozg~ szhuofm~ hsshzv}kovom~ ehz azasof dzhtv` he okf}~vzom~ akf ~mzuonm~ ok

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zmdohk~ v`av `aum v`m zm~h}znm~,

ok~vov}vohk~ akf nh~v lmuml~ v`av azmavvzanvoum vh v`mg2 av v`m ~agm vogm, ovlmaf~ vh lh~~ he ihj~ akf oknhgm okvzafovohkal okf}~vzom~, afumz~m ganzh'

mnhkhgon ogsanv oe mpshzv mazkokd~ azmkhv ~}eeonomkvly fykagon, mpsh~}zm vhdlhjal gazbmv fhtkv}zk~ akf zo~b~ hezmlhnavohk a~ j}~okm~~ akf gazbmvsa vvmzk~ n `akdm mvn+

V m fmvmzgokakv~ he zmdohkal u}lkmzajolovyvh dlhjalo~avohk azm9 v`m mpo~vokd savvmzkhe vzafm2 v`m ajolovy he a zmdohk vh vabmafuakvadm he dzhtokd mpshzv gazbmv~2v`m s hvm kvoal vh da ok ezhg n zh~~'jhzfm zokum~vgmkv~ akf zmgovvaknm~2 v`m ajolovy

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mnhkhgy2 v`m ajolovy he lajh}z gazbmvok~vov}vohk~ akf hv`m z ~hn oal a kf n hllmn voumok~vov}vohk~ vh govodavm szm~~}zm~ hkoknhgm fo~vzoj}vohk, vh mk~}zm zma~hkajlm~mn}zovy he mgslhygmkv, akf vh eokaknmtmleazm ~y~vmg~ akf v`m szhuo~ohk he

s}j lon d hhf ~+

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FMGHDZAS@ON N@AKDM

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a shs}lavohk jzh}d`v ajh}v jy n`akdm~ok emzvolovy, loem mpsmn vakn y akf g odzavohk+Fmghdzas`on n `akdm dmkmzavm~ jmkmeov~akf nh~v~, oknzma~okd hz zmf}nokdmnhkhgon, ~hnoal akf mkuozhkgmkval

fo~sazovom~+

V m g aok ema v}zm~ he fmg hdzas`on

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fmnlokm n`azanvmzo~m~ M}zhsmak akf

kmod`jh}zokd zmdohk~ tov` admokdshs}lavohk~ akf h}v'godzavohk heyh}kdmz smhslm, t`on` zm~}lv ok a

~`zokbokd lajh}z ehznm, `od` hlf'adm

fmsmkfmkny zavoh~, sh~~ojlm ~naznovy he~mzuonm~ akf tmab mnhkhgonsmzehzgaknm+ Ok'godzavohk mknh}zadmfjy oknhgm fo~sazovom~ akf fmgakf ehz

~mzuonm~ gay mk`akn m d zht okd n h}kvzom~,t`olm ok a nhkvmpv he a fmszm~~mfmnhkhgy akf zo~okd }kmgslhygmkv ovgay oknzma~m zo~b~ he ~hn oal nhkelon v~+Fmghdzas`on mpsak~ohk hnn}z~ ok alogovmf k}gjmz he azma~ (m+d+

Kmod`jh}zokd Gmfovmzzakmak nh}kvzom~/tov` a zo~b he `od` yh}v` }kmg slhygmkv+

V m fmvmzgokakv~ he zmdohkal u}lkmzajolovyt`on ` aeemn v v`m ~vzmkdv` akf f ozmn vohk hev`m ogs an v he fmg hdzas `on n `akdm azm

ok sazv okvmzkal vh v`m zmdohk akfszmfmvmzgokmf, av lma~v ok v`m smzohf vh:3:3 (savvmzk~ he emzvolovy akf loemmpsmnvakny/+ Hk v`m nhkvzazy, n`akdm~azo~okd ezhg g odza vohk a zm lm~~ s zmf onvajlm

akf fmsmkf hk zmlavohk~`os~ jmvtmmkshs}lavohk akf mnhkhgon dzhtv` okfoeemzmkv zmdohk~ tov`ok man` nh}kvzy akfjmvtmmk foeemzmkv M] gmgjmz ~vavm~ a~tmll a~ savvmzk~ akf vzmkf~ ok v`m zm~v hev`m thzlf+

NLOGAVM N@AKDM

Nlogavm n`akdm nhk~o~v~ he a ~mv healvmzavohk~ ok v`m aumzadm tmav`mzna}~mf jy dlhjal tazgokd f}m vh v`m

mgo~~ohk he akv`zhshdmkon dzmmk`h}~mda~m~+ Nlogavm n`akdm `a~ ogshzvakvnhk~mq}mknm~ hk v`m mnhkhgy, `malv`akf q}a lovy he loem he v`m sh s}lavohk+

V m gaok emav}zm~ he n loga vm n `akdmoknl}fm9 zo~okd ~ma lmuml~ aeemnvokd nha~valazma~2 v`m tazgokd he khzv`mzk zmdohk~2azofovy akf ~vhzg~ ok ~h}v`mzk zmdohk~+

Alv`h}d` v`m~m emav}zm~ azm lobmly vhfmumlhs hkly ~lhtly ok v`m smzohf lmafokd}s vh :3:3, v`my a zm }kn mzvaok akf `aumn }g}lav oum akf ozzmum z~ojlm m eemn v~+ V mogsanv toll khv jm emlv ~odkoeonakvly f}m vh

v`m jzmuovy he v`m vogm ~sak he v`m

akaly~o~, `htmumz, }zdmkv ak~tmz~ g}~vjm eh}kf alzmafy av v`m zmdohkal lmuml vh~lht fhtk akf, t`mzm sh~~ojlm,

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nh}kvmzanv v`m kmdavoum ogsanv~+

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~odkoeonakv okum~vgmkv ok fzaokadm akfnha~val szhvmnvohk2 e}zv`mzghzm, ov doum~zo~m vh zmlhn a vohk n h~v~ akf g ay lma f vh afmnlokm ok vh}zo~g akf adzon}lv}zm oka eemn vmf a zma ~+ V m tazg okd h e khzv`mzkzmd ohk~, hk v`m n hkv za zy, o~ lobmly vh j mkmeov

lhnal adzon}lv}zm akf vh}zo~g+ Azofovy akf~vhzg~ azm lobmly vh slad}m ~h}v`mzkzmd ohk~, okn zma ~okd `malv` zo~b~, fmszm~~okdlhn al ad zon }lv}zm m vn +

V m fm vmzgokakv~ he u}lkmzajolovy t`on`okel}mknm v`m ~vzmkdv` akf fozmnvohk hev`m ogsanv he nl ogavm n`akdm hknh}kvzom~ akf zmdohk~ oknl}fm9 v`mzmdohk~ nlogavm hkm a~ tmll a~vmg sm zav}zm akf s zmn osovavohk n`a kdm~2v`m ~`azm he shs}lavohk aeemnvmf jy zoumzelhhf~2 v`m ~`azm he shs}lavohk louokd oknha~val azma~2 v`m u}lkmzajolovy vhfzh}d`v2 v`m okvmk~ovy he v`m `mav o~lakfmeemnv ok novom~2 zmdohkal oknhgm2 v`m

mnhkhgon ogshzvaknm he adzon}lv}zm,eo~ m zom~ akf vh}zo~g+

MKMZD_ ZO B^

V m zo~b he jmokd }ka j lm vh d}a zakvm m a~mn}zm, ~}~vaokajlm akf nhgsmvovoummkmzdy ~}ssly akf }~m azm zmlavmf vh~`hzvnhgokd~ akf zodofovom~ ok ~}ssly, v`mdzhtv` akf savvmzk he fmgakf akf

uhla volovy he mkmzdy s zonm~+

V m g aok ema v}zm~ he v`m mkmzdy

n`allmkdm ok v`m smzohf }s vh :3:3oknl}fm9 }k~vajlm thzlf szonm~ ehz mkmzdy

szhf}nv~2 zo~b~ he okvmzz}svohk~ akflhnalo~mf ~ hzvad m~ he ~}ssly2 v`m km mf vhzmf}nm dzmmk`h}~m da~ mgo~~ohk~2lhnalo~mf mkuozhkg mkva l shll}vohk+V m kmmf vh zmf}n m d zmmk`h}~m d a~

mg o~~ohk~ thzlf tofm zmq }ozm~ zmf }n mf }~mhe nazjhk e}ml~ v`zh}d` ogszhumf mkmzdy

meeonomkny akf oknzma~mf }~m he khk'nazjhk mkmzdy ~h}znm~ a~ tmll a~fmumlhsgmkv he nazjhk nasv}zm

vmn `khlhd om~+ V m ogs an v h e v`m~m

fmumlhsgmkv~ hk mkmzdy szonm~ o~zmla voumly }knm zva ok+ V m ogsa n v h e mkmzdyzo~b~ hk f o~sazovom~ o~ f oeeon }lv vh a~~m~~+ Ehzmpagslm, v`m kmmf vh zmf}nm

dzmmk`h}~m d a~m~ g ay lmaf vh a fmn lokmok mkmzdy'okvmk~oum okf}~vzom~ j}v, av v`m~ag m vogm , mknh}zad m v`m fmumlhsgmkvhe kmt ~h}znm~ he ~}ssly akf mkmzdy'meeonomkv s zhf }n v~ akf ~mzuon m~+

V m fmvmzgokakv~ he zmdohkal u}lkmzajolovyt`on` okel}mknm v`m ~vzmkdv` akffozmnvohk he v`m ogsanv he n`akdm hknh}kvzom~ akf zmdohk~ oknl}fm9 mpo~vokdsavvmzk~ he mkmzdy szhf}nvohk akf }~m2fmsmkfmknm hk ogshzv~2 okeza~vz}nv}zm~

akf nhkkmnvohk vh v`m M}zhsmak dzof2hsshzv}kovom~ ehz fmumlhsokd kmt mkmzdy~h}znm~ akf vmn`khlhdom~ akf mkmzdy'meeonomkv s zhf }n v~ akf ~mzuon m~+

HNOAL ZO B^

hn oal zo~b~ n ak jm , jhv` , km t akf hlf + Kmt zo~b~ oknl}f m okn zma~mfmpsh~}zm he tofmz ~mnvohk~ he v`mshs}lavohk vh ihj ok~vajolovy, shumzvy akf

ea ol}zm~ he tmleazm ~y~vmg~+ }n ` zo~b~ gay`ov aky gmgjmz he a ~hnoal dzh}s av asazvon}laz s`a~m he `o~`mz loem nynlm akfaff vh hlfmz zo~b~ ~}n` a~}kmgslhygmkv, ollkm~~, fo~ajolovy akf hlf

adm shumzvy alvmzokd v`m ~vz}nv}zm akfszohzovom~ he tmleazm ~y~vmg~ akfnhgsmvokd ehz v`moz zm~h}znm~+Dlhjalo~a vohk f zoum~ ~odkoeon akv n `akdm~ okghfml~ he louokd, hzdako~avohk he`h}~m`hlf~ akf nasanovy he eagolom~ vh

szhuofm ok `h}~m n a zm ~mzuon m~+

Eaol}zm vh gaokvaok mnhkhgon dzhtv` hzeaol}zm vh ~szma f jmkm eov~ he d zht v` vh v`mt`hlm shs}lavohk toll okvmk~oey ~hnoal

shlazo~avohk+

Emav}zm~ he ~hnoal zo~b~ oknl}fm9 `h}~m`h lfezadgmkvavohk ogslyokd shvmkvoal shumzvyaghkd ~okdlm'sazmkv `h}~m`hlf~ akf`h}~m`hlf~ t`mzm hkm hz jhv` sazmkv~

azm khv ok thzb2 okmq}alovy he say akf

tmalv`2 `od` fmsmkfmkny zavoh~2 okajolovyvh s zhuofm *ok `h}~m* n a zm vh n `olfzmk akf

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uoo

mlfmzly2 j}fdmvazy szm~~}zm hk tmleazm

~y~vmg~+

V m n hg jokav ohk he v`m~m ean vhz~ g ayogsly9 szm~~}zm vh oknzma~m v`m k}gjmz heeagoly gmgjmz~ av thzb vhdmv`mz tov`

fmvmzohzavokd q}alovy he loem akfokaf mq }avm n azm ehz n `olfzmk, v`m h lf , v`m~onb akf fo~ajlmf eagoly gmgjmz~2}kmq}al annm~~ vh `h}~okd hz vhhsshzv}kovom~ ehz n`olfzmk akfhz hv`mz~mn vohk~ he ~hn omvy+

J}fdmvazy szm~~}zm hk tmleazm ~y~vmg~zmf}nm~ v`m ajolovy he lhnal akf kavohkala}v`hzovom~ vh allmuoavm `h}~m`hlf shumzvyakf vmkf~ vh zmokehznm }kmq}al

fmumlhsg mkv+ V o~ g ay lmaf vh ok~mn }zovy,nhgg}kovy vmk~ohk~ akf `h~volovy vhtazf~godzavohk+

V m fmvmzgokakv~ he zmdohkal u}lkmzajolovyt`on ` a eemnv ~vzmkdv` akf f ozmn vohk h e v`mogsanv he ~hnoal shlazo~avohk oknl}fm9

`h}~m`hlf ~vz}nv}zm (m+d+ v`m k}gjmz he~okdlm smz~hk `h}~m`hlf~/2 mgslhygmkvhsshzv}kovom~2 mf}navohkal avvaokgmkvt`on` okel}mknm~ mazkokd shvmkvoal2 v`majolovy he tmleazm akf ~hnoal szhvmnvohk

~y~vmg~ vh fmal tov` ~hn oal zo~b~+

ZMLAVOHK @OS JMVTMMK N@ALLMKDM

AKF NHGJOKMF OGSANV HK FO^SAZOVOM^

N`allmkdm~ gay aeemnv zmdohk~ ok a ghzm

hz lm~~ okfmsmkfmkv gakkmz, hzalvmzkavoumly szhf}n m g }v}ally zmokehzn okdogsanv~+

Ok v`m ehzgmz na~m, v`m hsshzv}kovom~ akf

zo~b~ (a~ s zmuoh}~ly fo~n }~~mf/ gay jmnhk~ofmzmf a~ mlmgmkv~ he a khzgal`o~vhzonal szhnm~~ t`on` ok gh~v na~m~n ak j m g aka dmf jy mpo~vokd n hgg }kovy,kavohkal akf zmdohkal ok~vov}vohk~+

Ok v`m lavvmz na~m, t`mk ogsanv~ azm

g}v}ally zmokehznokd, n`allmkdm~ anq}ozmdzmavmz ~odkoeonaknm akf gay ogslykmmf~ ehz kmt ok~vov}vohk~ akf shlonom~+V m f o~vzoj}v ohk he zo~b~ s zm~mkv~ ~mzoh}~

szhjlmg~ t`mk dhhf hz jaf meemnv~okvmzanv ok a g}lvoslonavoum zav`mz v`akaffovoum gakkmz+

V m okvm zs zmva voum g hf ml }~mf ok v`o~ ~v}f y

fo~vokd}o~`m~ jmvtmmk mphdmkh}~ akfmkfhdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~, akf ofmkvoeom~v`moz g aok h}vn hg m~+

Mphdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~ azm mov`mz doumk hz

~vzhkdly okel}mknm v`m ~}nnm~~ ok fmalokdtov` v`m zo~b~ akf v`zmav~ sh~mf jy hv`mzn `allmkd m~+ V m~m a zm9 n logavm n `akdm ,kav}zal fmghdzas`on n`akdm (m+d+emzvolovy akf adokd/ akf d lhja lo~a vohk+

Nlogavm n`akdm o~ doumk }s vh :3:32

alv`h}d ` ov toll aeemn v zmdohk~ ok a k}g jmzhe tay~ v`av gay ok ~hgm na~m~ zmq}ozmgaihz n`akdm~ ok okeza~vz}nv}zm akfloumlo`hhf2 v`mzm azm gaky }knmzvaokvom~

aj h}v v`m vogokd h e og sa n v~ akf v`m n h~vakf sa vvmzk he zm~shk~m~+

Kav}zal a~smnv~ he fmghdzas`on n`akdmazm al~h doumk }s vh :3:32 v`m admokd hempo~vokd shs}lavohk~ o~ zmlavoumly nmzvaokalv`h}d` godzavohk gay aeemnv v`m gaokemav}zm~ he v`m lajh}z gazbmv ok man`zmdohk, t`olm meemnv~ hk shs}lavohk~vz}nv}zm akf jozv` zavm~ azm logovmf akfgay jmnhgm muofmkv hkly ok v`m lhkdz}k+

Dlhjalo~avohk akf v`m bkhtlmfdmmnhkhgy ~mv v`m nhkvmpv ehz mnhkhgondzhtv` hz ~vadkavohk akf ~vz}nv}zaln `akdm~ ok ma n ` n h}kvzy hz zmd ohk+ V msavvmzk he zmdohkal oknhgm smz nasova,t`on` o~ nlh~mly lokbmf vh nhk~mq}mknm~

he dlhjalo~avohk, szhuofm~ a ja~mlokm ehz}kfmz~vakfokd v`m shvmkvoal ogsanv~ hen `allmkd m~ ok v`m smzohf }s vh :3:3+

Mkfhdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~ azm ~vzhkdlyfmsmkfmkv hk v`m hv`mz n`allmkdm~+

V m~m a zm9 mkmzdy zo~b~ akf kmt ~hn oalzo~b~+

Savvmzk~ he mkmzdy ~}ssly akf fmgakfazm ~vzhkdly aeemnvmf jy mnhkhgondzhtv`, akf ~vz}nv}zal n`akdm a~ tmll a~jy n log avm n `akd m akf godzavohk vzmkf ~+

Kmt ~hn oal zo~b~ a zm al~h ~}j ~va kvoallyaeemnvmf jy dzhtv`~vadkavohk akf~vz}nv}zal n `akdm a~ tm ll a~ jy g od za vohk,v`zh}d` ogsanv~ hk ihj hsshzv}kovom~ akf

eag oly oknhgm smz na sova+

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Mphdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~ e}knvohk a~ fzoumz~

v`av aeemnv mkfhdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~, a~mpslaokmf jm ehzm, akf fmvmzgokm a ~mzom~he h}vnhgm~+ H}vnhgm~ nak jmm~vogavmf jy }~okd uazoajlm~ t`on`

mpslaok v`m okvmzanvohk~ aghkdn`allmkdm~ hk zmdohkal fo~sazovom~ (m+d+mkmzdy szonm~, DFS dzhtv`, anvouovy zavm,godzavohk elht~/+ V my s mzsm v}a vmmnhkhgon akf ~hnoal okmq}alovom~jmvtmmk akf tov`ok zmdohk~ akf

shvmkvoally okvzhf}nm kmt ~h}znm~ hefoumzdmknm+

Okvmzzmlavohk~ jmvtmmk mphdmkh}~,mkfhdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~ akf h}vnhgm~azm nhgslmp akf szhf}nm meemnv~,

sh~ovoum akf kmdavoum, t`on` ok ~mumzalogshzvakv na~m~ gay foeemz khv hkly okgadkov}fm j}v al~h ok fozmnvohkfmsmkfokd hk v`m zmdohkal nhkvmpv+ Okv`o~ ezagmthzb DFS dzhtv` o~ v`m ~okdlm

gh~v ogshzvakv mlmgmkv lokbokd fzoumz~akf h}vnhgm~+ N`allmkdm~ azm ghzmma~oly vanblmf akf hsshzv}kovom~mpslhovmf ok zmdohk~ tov` a zmlavoumly `od`smz nasova oknhgm akf a ~}~vaokajlmdzht v` zavm + V o~ g abm~ oknhgm f o~sazovom~

a nz}noal v`zmav vh nh`m~ohk akf dhhfzmlavohk~ tov`ok v`m M] akf jmvtmmk v`mM] akf km od`jh}zokd n h}kvzom~+

Mphdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~ ~vzhkdly aeemnvmkfhdmkh}~ n`allmkdm~ akf h}vnhgm~+Meemnv~ azm hevmk jofozmnvohkal akffoeeon}lv vh a~~m~~+ Ehz ok~vaknm, oknzma~m~ok dlhjal vmgsmzav}zm zmf}nm `mavokdakf mkmzdy zmq}ozmgmkv~ ok Khzv`mzkzmdohk~, t`olm oknzma~okd nhhlokd

zmq}ozmgmkv~ ok ^h}v`mzk zmdohk~+Zmdohk~ tov` shvmkvoal vh szhuofm kmt~h}znm~ he mkmzdy v`av fh khv dmkmzavmNH: hz hv`mz `azge}l mgo~~ohk~ al~h ~vakfvh jmkmeov ezhg nlogavm n`akdm+ Mpvzmgmtma v`mz mumkv~ akf dlhjal ta zg okd g ayzmf}nm v`m avvzanvoumkm~~ he nmzvaokzmdohk~+ Av v`m ~agm vogm, ~hgm Khzv`mzkzmdohk~ gay jmnhgm ghzm avvzanvoum,lmaf okd vh a h}v`'Khzv` g odzavohk (ezhgtov`ok akf h}v~ofm v`m M]/

Kav}zal fmghdzas`on n`akdm (jozv` zavm~akf admokd/ gay zm~}lv ok sh~ovoum meemnv~hk DFS dzhtv` ok zmdohk~ t`mzm v`m

lajh}z ehznm oknzma~m~ akf a `od` zavm he

`h}~m`hlf ehzgavohk mknh}zadm~okum~vgmkv ok kmt `hg m~+ V mnhk~mq}mknm~ he admokd gay jm ghzmnhkvzhumz~oal+ Hk v`m hkm `akf, ak

admokd shs}lavohk nzmavm~ ~vzhkdfmgakf ehz a tofm zakdm he ~mzuonm~ ehzzmvozmf smhslm, j}v gaokvaokokdmnhkhgon dzhtv` gay szhum foeeon}lv oev`m thzbokd'adm shs}lavohk o~ eallokd+V mzm o~ a n hg gh k vmkf mkn y vh zmda zf

admokd a~ a kmdavoum eanvhz ehz DFSdzhtv` j}v v`o~ `a~ ymv vh jmfmghk~vzavmf ok `od`mz'oknhgm azma~t`mzm v`m mlfmzly gay `aum ~}eeonomkvann}g}lavmf tmalv` vh dmkmzavm

j}hyakv fmgakf+ Okfmmf azma~ v`avavvzanv oktazf godzavohk he mlfmzlysmhslm `aum jmmk aghkd v`m gh~vszh~smzh}~ ok `od` oknhgm nh}kvzom~ okzmn mkv fmn af m~+

V m meemnv h e fmg hdzas`on n `akdm h kanvouovy zavm~ o~ al~h vth'~ofmf+ Ok zmdohk~tov` lht jozv` zavm~, ~gallmz k}gjmz~ hekmt mkvzakv~ ihok v`m lajh}z ehznm akfihj hsshzv}kov om~ eh z yh}kd smhslm akfhlf smhslm t`h takv vh thzb toll jm

ogszhumf+ Hk v`m hv`mz `akf, zmdohk~tov` `od`mz jozv` zavm~ akf ak mpsakfokdshs}lavohk he yh}kd smhslm vysonallympsmzomknm szhjlmg~ he yh}v`}kmgslhygmkv+

Dlhjalo~avohk al~h `a~ fozmnv, sh~ovoummeemnv~ hk godzavohk a~ v`m oknzma~mfmpn`akdm he dhhf~ akf ~mzuonm~zmokehznm~ lokb~ jmvtmmk nhgg}kovom~ okf oeemzmkv zmd ohk~+

V m m eemn v~ hk v`m mkuozhkg mkv a kf~hnoal nh`m~ohk azm nhkvzhumz~oal akf

hevmk kmd a voum+ Ehz ok~va kn m, zo~b~ vh v`mmkuozhkgmkv azo~m ezhg v`m okvmk~oeonavohkhe nhgsmvovohk v`av gay okf}nmj}~okm~~m~ akf dhumzkgmkv~ vh zmlapmkuozhkg mkva l szhvmn vohk g ma ~}zm~+

V m g a ok zo~b vh ~hn oal n h`m~ohk o~ v`mvmkfmkny ehz dlhjalo~avohk vh dmkmzavm}kmq}al oknhgm fo~vzoj}vohk tov`ok man`zmdohk+

Mkfhdmkh}~ fzoumz~ akf h}vnhgm~ azmaeemnvmf jy mphdmkh}~ fzoumz~ j}v v`myal~h s zhf }n m og sh zvakv meemn v~+

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Ehz mpagslm, v`m oggmfoavm ogsanv he

n`akdokd mkmzdy szonm~ hk szhf}nmz~akf nhk~}gmz~ o~ ~}j~vakvoal jmna}~mmkmzdy o~ jy eaz v`m gh~v ogshzvakv zatgavmzoal }~mf jy ghfmzk mnhkhgon

~y~vmg~, aeemnvokd novomk~ ok gaky tay~,gh~v fozmnvly v`zh}d` v`moz ogsanv hknh~v~ he vzak~shzv, `mavokd akf nhhlokd,sht mz akf lod`v ok v`m `hg m+ V m j mkm eovhz nh~v he n`akdm~ ok mkmzdy szonm~fmsmkf~ hk v`m sh~ovohk he okfouof}al~

akf eozg ~ ok v`m n ozn}ov~ he s zhf }n vohk akf}~m+ Mkmzdy mpshzvokd nh}kvzom~ gayhjvaok oggmfoavm akf ~}j~vakvoalokn zma~m~ ok mpvmzkal oknhgm ezhg a zo~m okthzlf szonm~ akf uonm umz~a ogshzvokd

nh}kvzom~ nak ~}eemz oggmfoavm akf~}j ~va kvoa l okn zma~m~ ok mpvmzkal nh~v~+

Ok v`m lhkd z}k, mkmzdy szonm~ `aum agaihz ogsanv hk v`m uoajolovy healvmzkavoum ~h}znm~ akf fmumlhsgmkv he

kmt vmn `khlhdom~+

DFS dzhtv` o~ ak h }vnh gm he mphdm kh}~f zoumz~, m~smn oally d lhjalo~a vohk, a~ tm ll a~lhnal eanvhz~ oknl}fokd v`m q}alovy he v`mmkuozhkgmkv akf ~hnoal nh`m~ohk+ Av v`m

~agm vogm ov o~ a bmy fzoumz hemgslhygmkv hsshzv}kovom~ akf anvouovyzavm~, lhnal okeza~vz}nv}zm akf nh`m~ohk+Gh~v he v`m meemnv~ he DFS dzhtv` azmsh~ovoum alv`h}d`, ok v`m aj~mknm hemeemnvoum mkuozhkgmkval szhvmnvohk akfokeza~vz}nv}zm okum~vgmkv, ov gay zm~}lv oknhkdm~vohk akf fmvzogmkval n`akdm~ okv`m lhn al mkuozhkgm kv+

Anvouovy zavm~ fmsmkf gaokly hkfmghdzas`on eanvhz~ akf DFS dzhtv`+

Oknzma~mf anvouovy zavm~ mknh}zadmokta zf g odzavohk a kf ga y ogs zhum ~hn oalnh`m~ohk jy zmf}nokd }kmgslhygmkvakf okn hgm okmq}a lovy+ Lht an vouovy zavm~mknh}zadm h}vtazf godzavohk akf gayaddzauavm ~hnoal shlazo~avohk jydmkmzavokd shhl~ he lhkd'vmzg}kmgslhymf+

Sh~ovoum emmf ja n b jm vtmm k DFS dzhtv`,~hnoal nh`m~ohk akf ogszhumf lhnal

mkuozhkgm kv~ azm ak og sh zvakv a ~sm n v he$n}g}lavoum na}~avohk$ v`av allht~ `od`'oknhgm zmdohk~ vh gaokvaok afuakvadm~humz lhkd smzohf~ he vogm akf

nhk~mq}mkvly gabm~ ov foeeon}lv ehz lht'oknhg m zmd ohk~ vh n avn ` }s+

HUMZALL ^NMKAZOH^ HE ZMDOHKAL

FO SAZOVOM

n mka zoh~ zm~}lv ezhg n hg jokokd`yshv`m~m~ he n`allmkdm okvmk~ovy1 tov`

zmdohkal ~mk~ovouovy:+ V my okn l}fm akm~vogavohk he smz nasova DFS, ok M]Gmgjmz va vm~ akf km od`jh}zokdnh}kvzom~, szhf}nmf jy h}z ghfmlehllhtokd vth hssh~ovm `yshv`m~m~ he

dzaf}al akf zasof zmnhumzy ezhg v`mthzlf n zo~o~+

NMKAZOH A9 A M]ZHSM TOV@ A@ZOKBOKD NHZM

Ok v`m lht dzhtv` ~nmkazoh mnhkhgonmpsak~ohk o~ khv mpsmnvmf vh szhuofmg}n` `mls vh zmdohk~ eanokd v`mn`allmkdm~ zmuomtmf ok v`o~ sasmz+ A

gokhzovy he zmdohk~ ok `od`'oknhgmnh}kvzom~ gay jm ajlm vh fmal tov` v`mozu}lkmzajolovom~ hz `aum ~}eeonomkv nasajolovyvh vabm afuakvadm he hsshzv}kovom~a~~hnoavmf tov` v`m n`allmkdm~+ Ok lhtmz'

oknhgm nh}kvzom~ v`m nhgsazavoumly lhtlmuml h e DFS smz n as ova o~ lobmly vh okvmk~oeyu}lkmzaj olovy vh v`m n `allmkd m~+

V m okvmk~ovy he n`a llmkdm~ o~ a~~}g mf vh

zakdm ezhg ~mumzm (vzaf ovohka l ~hn oal zo~b~/vh ghfmzavm (nlogavm n`akdm, kav}zal

1 V m s hvmk voal ~na lm he ogsa n v ok v`m gh ~vu}lkmzajlm aeemnvmf zmdohk ok :3:32 okvmk~ovynak jm mzh h z sh~ovoum+: Ov ~}ggazom~ v`m u}lkmzajolovy he man`zmdohk }kfmz v`av n`allmkdm akf doum~ }~ asazag mvmz vh m~vogavm v`m lobmly ogs an v he v`mn`allmkdm hk ov~ mnhkhgon smzehzgaknm+mk~ovouovy gay jm sh~ovoum (jmkmeov~ ezhg `od`

okvmk~ovy/ hz kmdavoum (fo~afuakvadm~ ezhg`od` okvmk~ovy/2 ok fmvaol, man` n`allmkdm o~n`azanvmzo~mf jy emav}zm~ v`av azm ghzm hzlm~~ jmkmeonoal (sh~ovoum ~mk~ovouovy/, emav}zm~

v`av azm ghzm hz lm~~ `azge}l (kmdavoum~mk~ovouovy/ akf emav}zm~ v`av gay aeemnvzmdohk~ mov`mz tay+ (kmdavoum ehz ~hgm,

sh~ovoum eh z hv`mz~/+

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p

fmg hdzas`on n `akdm, d lhjalo~avohk akf

kmt ~hn oal zo~b~/, ~lod`v (mkmzdy zo~b~/ a kfkhkm (godzavohk/+

Tov` v`m mpnmsvohk he vzafovohkal ~hnoal

zo~b~ all n`a llmkd m~ a zm n la~~oeomf a~ ~lod`vvh g hf mzavm okvmk~ovy akf , sm zsm v}avmmpo~vokd foeemzmknm~ jmvtmmk zmdohk~ tov`f oeemzmkv ~mk~ovouovy vh v`m n `allmkd m~+

V m g a ok zm~}lv~ he v`o~ ~n mka zoh a zm

fmvmzgokmf jy v`m mpvmkv vh t`on`~}~vaokajlm oknhgm ok :3:3 toll aeemnvn}zzmkv ~mk~ovouovy savvmzk~+ Lht oknhgmdzhtv` toll `aum kmdavoum ogslonavohk~ ehzn h`m~ohk av v`m nh}kvzy lmuml akf av v`m

zmd ohka l lmuml+Ok v`m na~m he ~lht zmnhumzy ezhg v`mthzlf nzo~o~ akf `od` okvmk~ovy he nlogavmn`akdm, gh~v M}zhsmak zmdohk~ ~`h}lfjm nhk~ofmzmf u}lkmzajlm akf tollmpsmzomknm shvmkvoal lh~~m~ ezhg v`mnhgjokmf n`allmkdm~+

Ok v`o~ ~n mkazoh, v`mzm a zm humz 113 zmd ohk~tov` ghfmzavm vh ~mumzm u}lkmzajolovy vhv`m nhgjokmf n`allmkdm~, humz 63- hev`m M}zhsmak zmdohk~+ ?3 zmdohk~ ~`ht

~lod`v u}lkmzaj olovy akf i}~v humz 53 n ak jmnhk~ofmzmf jmkmeonoazom~2 u}lkmzajolovy o~tofm ~szma f ok vmzg~ he k}g jmz he zmd ohk~akf shs}lavohk, 4= - he v`m M}zhsmakshs}lavohk ok algh~v all dmhdzas`onal

azma~+ E}zv`mzghzm, u}lkmzajolovy aeelonv~zmd ohk~ v`a v t mzm s zmu oh}~ly ~}nn m~~e}lj}v t`h~m ~ov}avohk thz~mkmf a~ a zm~}lvhe v`m nhgjokmf n`allmkdm~ ogsanv ok alht d zht v` nhkvmpv+

V mzm o~ a n lmaz n }v f ouofm j mvt mmk v`mMa~vmzk akf h}v`mzk zmd ohk~ akf v`m zm~vhe M}zhsm+ Humzall jmkmeov~ ezhgn `allmkd m~, ok v`o~ ~n mkazoh, o~ n hke okmf vha zmlavoumly ~gall dzh}s he M}zhsmak

zmdohk~ (NmkvzalKhzv`mzk M}zhsm9h}v`mzkn mkvzal Dmzga ky, v`m

Kmv`mzlakf~ akf Jmld o}g, h}v`mzk Jzova okakf Ozmlakf, akf zmdohk~ ok A}~vzoa,Fmkg azb, h} v`mzk tm fmk a kf Tm~vm zk

Eoklakf/, :=- he v`m M}zhs ma k shs }lav ohk,

t`olm v`m shs}lavohk tov` ~mumzm akfghf mzavm u}lkmzaj olovy ag h}kv~ vh a lgh~v65-+

NMKAZOH J9 A M]ZHSM TOV@

KAZZHTOKD FO SAZOVOM

Ok v`m `od` dzhtv` ~nmkazoh u}lkmzajolovyvh n`allmkdm~ o~ av lma~v sazvoally hee~mv jy

zo~okd DFS smz nasova ok v`m gaihzovy hezmdohk~ akf mumk ok lhtmz'oknhgmn h}kvzom~ v`m kmd avoum meemn v he lht D FSsmz na s ova o~ n hg sazavoumly ~g all+

Ok v`o~ ~nmkazoh, okvmk~ovy he n`allmkdm~

zakdm~ ezhg ~mumzm (dlhjalo~avohk akfkmt ~hnoal zo~b~/ vh ghfmzavm (kav}zalfmghdzas`on n`akdm, vzafovohkal ~hnoalzo~b~/, akf gokhz (godzavohk, nlogavmn `akdm, mkmzdy zo~b~/+ M}zhsm t oll an `omum

a jmvvmz dzhtv` smzehzgaknm v`ak v`m] , zh}d `ly mq }al vh v`a v he Ias ak akfhv`mz nh}kvzom~ ok Ma~v A~oa tov` v`mmpnms vohk he N`oka+Ea~vmz dzhtv` he fmgakf ok v`m thzlfmnhkhgy v`zh}d` `od`mz s}jlon akfszouavm okum~vgmkv ok M}zhsm akfkmod`jh}zokd zmdohk~ toll zm~}lv ok zasofzmn hum zy+ y~vmg avon zmlhn a vohk headzon}lv}zal szhf}nvohk ok M}zhsm vhtazf~v`m h}v` akf Ma~v ezhg v`m Khzv` akf

Tm~v akf zasof fmumlhsgmkv he ~mzuonmmpshzv~ ok v`m h} v` a kf Ma~v a zm h v`mzog shzvakv ~n mka zoh a~~}gsvohk~+

Oknhgm dzhtv` ok zmlavoumly ea~v'dzhtokdnh}kvzom~ ok v`m ^h}v` akf Ma~v he M}zhsm

th}lf ~}j~vakvoally jhh~v okvmzkalga k}ean v}zokd a kf szheov~ hk n as oval+

V m ~n mka zoh `od`lod`v~ v`m ogs hzvakn m hedlhjal zmnhumzy ezhg v`m zmnm~~ohk akfv`m jmkmeov~ vh v`m M}zhsmak mnhkhgy

szhf}nmf jy `od`mz lmuml~ he okum~vgmkvakf vzafm+ Kmt savvmzk~ he vzafm okadzon}lv}zm akf ~mzuonm~ mk`aknmfmumlhsg mkv ok lht oknhgm n h}kvzom~+

Ok v`o~ ~nmkazoh, v`mzm azm lm~~ v`ak ?3zmdohk~ tov` ghfmzavm vh ~mumzmu}lkmzajolovy vh v`m nhgjokmf n`allmkdm~,v`m gaihzovy jmokd hkly ghfmzavmlyaeemnvmf ' humz >3- he v`m M}zhsmakzmdohk~+ 53 zmdohk~ ~`ht ~lod`vu}lkmzajolovy akf humz 113 nak jm

nhk~ofmzmf jmkmeonoazom~+ Hkly 1=- he v`mshs}lavohk th}lf ~voll ~}eemz ezhg ~mumzmu}lkmzajolovy t`olm ghzm v`ak 63- th}lf

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jmnhgm jmkmeonoazom~ ok algh~v all

dmhdzas`on azma~+ E}zv`mzghzm,n hg sa zokd v`m vth ~n mka zoh~, humz 66- hev`m shs}lavohk th}lf ghum ezhg ~mumzmu}lkmzajolovy vh lhtmz u}lkmzajolovy lmuml~+

Akalyokd v`m~m zm~}lv~ ok vmzg~ hedmhdzas`on azma~ tm nak ~mm v`av v`mdzh}s~ he zmdohk~ tov` v`m `od`m~vu}lkmzajolovy ok M]1: akf ok v`m ^h}v`th }lf jmkmeov vh v`m lazdm~v mpvmkv mumk oev`my ~voll hevmk zmgaok tov`ok v`m

u}lkmzajolovy zakdm azma+ Jmkmeonoazom~n hkn mkvzavm ok v`m n akf okauoaksmkok~}la , v`m ]B akf Ozmla kf + V m zm~}lv~ehz Ova ly akf sa ok, t`m zm lht akfghfmzavm u}lkmzajolovy nhmpo~v, azm ghzm

foumz~oeomf+ Ok Dzmmnm akf Shzv}dalnhkfovohk~ he ~mumzm u}lkmzajolovy szmuaolok algh~v a ll zmd ohk~+ V m s onv}zm t ov`ok v`mM]1: o~ al~h f oum z~oeomf a~ v`m lazdm }zja kzmd ohk~ akf v`m jhzfmz zmd ohk~ tov` M] 1=zm~}gm v`moz dzhtv` zavm~ he v`m sa~vfm n af m akf azm v`}~ ajlm vh zmf }nm v`mkmda voum ogs an v~ he h v`mz n`allmkdm~+

Zasof zmnhumzy akf lht okvmk~ovy henlogavm n`akdm, oknzma~m v`m dzh}s hezmdohk~ v`av jmkmeov ezhg v`m n`allmkdm~,

okn l}fokd Khzv`mzk akf Nmkvza l M}zhs m a ~tmll a~ ~mumzal Ezmkn ` zmd ohk~+ Ov o~okvmzm~vokd vh hj~mzum v`av v`m azma~ heu}lkmzajolovy foeemz9 gaky zmdohk~ (jhv` okh}v`mzk akf Ma~vm zk M}zhsm/ ~mm v`m oz

u}lkmzajolovy lmuml fogoko~`mf akf ~hgm vha ~odkoeon akv m pvmkv+

V@M SMZ SMNVOUM EHZ KMOD@JH]ZOKD

NH]KVZOM^

Kmod`jh}zokd nh}kvzom~ vh v`m Ma~v akfh}v` `a um ~}j~va kvoally lhtmz okn hg m

akf azm ghzm u}lkmzajlm vh v`mn `allmkd m~, m~smn oally ok a vogm he n zo~o~+

hg m km od`jh}z~ a zm M}zhsm ~ g h~vogshzvakv mkmzdy mpshzvmz~ (Z}~~oa akfKhzv` A ezon a / hz a zm ok a ~vzavmd on sh~ovohkvh aeemnv mkmzdy ~mn}zovy, v`mzmehzm v`mtay v`my azm aeemnvmf jy v`m mkmzdy a~

tm ll a~ jy v`m hv`m z n `allmkd m~ g ay `aumogshzvakv ogslonavohk~ ehz M}zhsmakzmdohk~+

Ma~vmzk kmod`jh}z~ `aum mpsmzomknmf a

nhk~}gsvohk jhhg akf v`mfmumlhsgmkv he v`m ~mzuonm ~mnvhz okzmnmkv ymaz~2 v`o~ `a~ szhf}nmf ghzmj}~okm~~ hsshzv}kovom~ ok M}zhsm akf `a~

al~h oknzma~mf mkuozhkgmkval ~soll'humz+F}m vh v`m ~mk~ovouovy he kmod`jh}z~ vh v`mthzlf nzo~o~, v`moz dzhtv` nagm vh akajz}sv `a lv g hzm zmn mkvly+ V m Ma~vmzkkmod`jh}z~ azm ak admokd ~hnomvyn `azan vmzo~mf jy ~vzhkd h}vgodzavohk2 v`m

nh~v~ ehz smk~ohk~ akf `malv` nazm o~ zo~okdq}onbly t`olm v`m fmgakf ehz szogazymf}navohk o~ dhokd fhtk lmafokd vh akmpnm~~ he nasanovy2 okvmk~m godzavohkelht~ ezhg v`m~m zmdohk~ azm lobmly vh

n hkv ok}m+ V m Ma~vm zk kmod`jh}z~ a zm a l~ha eemn vmf jy ~hn oal zo~b~ fms mkf okd hk v`mzmf}nvohk he eagoly ~om, }kmgslhygmkv,v`m ~om he v`m dzmy mnhkhgy, tmabtmleazm mvn+2 v`m~m emav}zm~ fmvmzgokmtofm~szmaf shumzvy, szhjlmg~ okmf}navohk, `malv`nazm mvn+2 a~ anhk~mq}mknm, tov` okvmk~m godzavohkelht~, M}zhsm gay eanm ~hnoalshlazoavohk akf szm~~}zm hk tadm~+

V m h}v`mzk Gmf ovmzzakma k kmod`j h}z~

azm n`azanvmzo~mf jy `od` mpsh~}zm vhmpvmzkal ~`hnb~, akf logovmf vzafmokvmdzavohk tov` v`m thzlf gazbmv~2 v`o~`a~ lmf vh lht mpvmzkal vzafmfoumz~oeonavohk, mpnm~~ ~auokd he hol zon`

nh}kvzom~2 v`mzm azm ~}j~vakvoal j}~okm~~hsshzv}kovom~ ehz M}zhsm, lokbmf vh v`mmpsa k~ohk he ov~ kmod`j h}z~ fmg akf~+

Foeemzmkvly ezhg v`m Ma~v, v`m ^h}v`mzkkmod`jh}z~ azm n`azanvmzo~mf jy

shs}lavohk dzhtv`2 v`mzm o~ a dzhtokd zo~bhe shlazo~avohk akf a ~`hzvadm hezm~h}znm~ ehz mf}navohk2 v`mnhk~mq}mknm~ ehz M}zhsm azm ghzmokvmk~m godzavohk a~ tmll a~ nh`m~ohk akf

mpn l}~ohk s zhj lmg~+

V m h}v`mzk kmod`j h}z~ a zmn`azanvmzo~mf jy lht sazvonosavohk akfok~}eeonomkv tmleazm nhumzadm lmafokd vh~vzhkd okmq}alovom~, szhjlmg~ he annm~~ vhmf}navohk, `malv` nazm, ~aem tavmz mvn+2

v`m gaok ogslonavohk~ ehz M}zhsm gay jm~hnoal shlazo~avohk akf szm~~}zm hktadm~+

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Nlogavm n`akdm toll al~h aeemnv

kmod`jh}zokd nh}kvzom~, ok sazvon}laz~h}v`mzk kmod`jh}z~ akf nha~val azma~+Kmdavoum nhk~mq}mknm~, mumk v`h}d`ghzm lobmly ok v`m lhkd z}k, gay jm

fmua~vavokd ehz v`moz mnhkhgy akf al~hehz M}zhsm, okvmk~oeyokd nhkelonv~ akf ga~~godzavohk he s mhs lm akf tolfloem+

NHKNL]FOKD ZMGAZB^

V m bmy n `allmkd m~ mpag okmf ok v`o~ ~v}f y`aum fo~voknv ofmkvovom~ akf `aum jmmkakalymf, jhv`, okfmsmkfmkvly he man`hv`mz akf ~og}lvakmh}~ly a~ sazv he ak

okvmzszmvavoum ghfml t`on` aogmf avmpslhzokd okvmzzmlavohk, ~ykmzdom~ akfn }g}lav oum meemn v~+ V m~m okvmzzmla vohk~azm ghzm foeeon}lv vh }kfmz~vakf akfehzm~mm j}v n mkvzal vh Nh`m~ohk Shlony+

Vabmk okf ouof}ally, v`m n `allmkdm~ n ak

dmkmzavm km}vzal, kmdavoum hz sh~ovoumogsanv~ hk zmdohkal h}vnhgm~,fmsmkfokd hk ~smnoeon akf ofmkvoeoajlmn `a zan vm zo~von~ he f oeemzmkv zmdohk~+

Mumk oe og san v~ a zm ~og olaz ok ka v}zm, v`m zmo~ a `od` fmdzmm he uazoaknm ok v`m ~nalmhe u}lkmzajolovy f}m vh foeemzmkv okovoalnhkfovohk~ a~ tmll a~ s`y~onal akfmnhkhgon emav}zm~+ Ogsanv~ azm al~h~odkoeonakvly okel}mknmf jy v`m zmdohk$~lhna vohk akf lokb~ tov` h v`mz zmd ohk~ jhv`,kmazjy akf ghzm fo~vakv+ Ogsanv~ tov`okzmdohk~ foeemz vhh a~ a zm~}lv he s`y~onal,dmhdzas`onal akf ~hnoh'mnhkhgon~smnoeonovom~+

V m ogs an v he n `allmkd m~ toll jm emlv hum zf oeemzmkv vog m ~n alm~+ hg m n `allmkdm~`aum a ghzm dzaf}al j}v shvmkvoallyshtmze}l lhkdmz'vmzg ogsanv, dzhtokd oka n}g}lavoum gakkmz (nlogavm n`akdmakf kav}zal fmghdzas`onfmum lhsg mkv~/, t`olm h v`mz~ aum a ghzmoggmfoavm hz gmfo}g'vmzg ogsanv+

Vabmk vhdmv`m z, n `a llmkd m~ n ak jmzmszm~mkvmf a~ a `omzazn`y+ Nlogavmn`akdm, kav}zal fmghdzas`on n`akdm

akf dlhjalo~avohk azm zmlavoumlyokfmsmkfmkv+ Mnhkhgon smzehzgaknm, oksazvon}laz DFS dzhtv`, mkvmz~ v`m ghfml

a~ ak okvmzgm f oavm mkfhd mkh}~ uazoaj lm+

Mkmzdy ~mn}zovy, godzavohk akf ~hnoalshlazo~avohk `aum jhv` mphdmkh}~ akfmkfhdmkh}~ mlmgmkv~+ Jy akf lazdm,dlhjaloavohk akf v`m n}zzmkv mnhkhgon

n zo~o~ mg mzdm a~ v`m g h~v zmlmuakv ean vh z~okel}mknokd dzhtv` he zmdohkal oknhgmakf nhk~mq}mkvly oknhgm fo~sazovom~ }svh :3:3+ @htmumz, v`m zm~}lv~ he v`makaly~o~ al~h shokv h}v v`av mnhkhgondzhtv` o~ a kmnm~~azy j}v khv a ~}eeonomkv

n hkf ovohk vh mk~}zm n h`m~ohk a kf zmf }nmzmdohkal fo~sazovom~ ok jhv` v`m M] akfkmod`j h}zokd n h}kvzom~+

Asazv ezhg szm~mkvokd vth mpvzmgmsonv}zm~ he v`m e}v}zm ogsanv he

n`allmkdm~, v`m humzall ~nmkazoh~fmumlhsmf ok v`o~ ~v}fy zao~m v`m q}m~vohkhe `ht v`m M] n ak ga bm ~}zm v`av ok :3:3ov toll eokf ov~mle ok v`m sh~ovoum ~n mka zoh akft`av shlonom~ ov `a~ vh ogslmgmkv vh

an `omum v`o~+ V o~ q}m~vohk h smk~ afmj avm hk sh lon y hsvohk~ t`on ` na k `mls~ asm v`m e}v}zm ok a sh~ovoum ta y+

Vh okvzhf }n m a g hzm nhgszm`mk~oumfo~n}~~ohk he shlonom~, `htmumz, a ghzm ok

fmsv` akaly~o~ he u}lkmzajolovom~ o~kmn m~~azy+ V o~ g }~v a l~h vabm okvhannh}kv v`m zmdohkal nasanovom~ vhgovodavm hz afasv vh n`allmkdm~ a~ tmlla~ v`m ajolovy vh ~`asm v`m shlovonal akfok~vov}vohkal nhkvmpv av okvmzkavohkal,

M}zhsmak akf kavohkal lmuml ok hzfmz vhm~vajlo~` a nhhsmzavoum g}lvolavmzalezag mt hzb kmn m~~azy vh ~momhsshzv}kovom~ akf nh}kvmzanv kmdavoumog san v~ a zo~okd ezhg v`m~m n `allmkd m~+

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

11++ OOkkvvzzhhff}}nn vvoohhkkV o~ sasmz> szhuofm~ a n hkn o~m a kaly~o~ he v`m shvmkvoal og san v~ he bmy n `allmkdm~ ~}n ` a~dlhjalo~avohk, fmghdzas`on n`akdm, nlogavm n`akdm, mkmzdy akf kmt ~hnoal zo~b~ hkzmd ohkal f o~sazovom~ ok M}zhsm ok v`m smzohf }s vh :3:3+

V m n `a llmkd m~ zmuomtm f `mzm a zm zmlmua kv eh z hv`mz sazv~ he v`m th zlf a~ tm ll a~ M}zhs makf toll zmq }ozm zm~shk~m~ a v g aky lmuml~ ' dlhjal, M}zhs ma k, kavohka l, zmd ohka l akf lhn al+V o~ sasm z o~ sazvon }lazly nhkn mzkmf tov` zmd ohka l og san v~ akf ghzm m~smn oally v`mshvmkvoal meemnv he kmt n`allmkdm~ hk nhkumzdmknm hz foumzdmknm he vzmkf~ ok zmdohkaloknhg m a kf tmll'jmokd tov`ok v`m M}zhs ma k Nhgg }kovy a kf kmod`j h}zokd azma~+

V m s zm~mkv s asmz o~ ja~mf }shk = v`mga von th zb~ hs ~ `mlf j mvt mmk Gazn ` akf I}km:33? ok Jz}~~ml~ akf v`m janbdzh}kf sasmz~ szmsazmf jy mpsmzv~ ok szmsazavohk he v`m

th zb~ hs ~+ V m s asmz o~ a l~h j a~mf }shk a kmt akaly~o~ s zhf }nmf jy v`m Zmd ohkal E}v}zmkmvthzb ov~mle, a~ tmll a~ szohz zm~mazn` jy okvmzkavohkal ok~vov}vohk~ akf ~n`hlaz~+

V m ~v}f y vma g `a ~ n azzomf h}v v`m aka ly~o~ }~okd a fmeokovohk he v`m n `a llmkdm~ n hk~of mzmfghzm ~}ovajlm ehz v`m a og he v`m ~v}f y hk zmdohkal f o~sazovom~2 fmeokovohk~ t`on` t h}lf allht

vh ofm kvoey akf g ma ~}zm m eemn v hk f o~sazovom~ ghzm fozmn vly tmzm a fhs vmf + E}zv`mzghzm, tmauhofmf a~ eaz a~ sh~~ojlm v`m humzlassokd jmvtmmk fmeokovohk~ he n`allmkdm~ akf v`mozgakoem~va vohk , t`on` tm n a ll ema v}zm~ he v`m n `allmkd m+ V o~ asszha n ` og slom~ v`a v ma n `ema v}zm `a ~ jmmk akalymf hkly tov`ok hkm n `allmkd m, mumk oe ov ta ~ zmlmua kv ehz hv`mz~ a~tm ll+ V m s}zsh~m ta ~ vh n lazoey akf ~ogsloey v`m n hkn ms v}a l ezag mt hzb he v`m akaly~o~ ok

t`on` v`m k}gjmz he lokb~ aghkd n`allmkdm~ o~ umzy `od` akf v`moz fozmnvohk akf ~odk o~foeeon}lv vh fmeokm+ Ok hv`mz thzf~, tm gafm ~}zm v`av man` okfouof}al emav}zm he v`mn`allmkdm~ ta~ akalymf hknm, ok nh`mzmknm tov` v`m n`allmkdm jh}kfazom~ ~mv jy ov~fmeokovohk+V o~ gmv`h f allht ~ }~ vh g abm n lmaz `ysh v`m~o~ hk v`m vth ~ofmf ka v}zm h e ma n `

s`mkhgmkhk akf he ov~ emav}zm~2 gaky emav}zm~ he v`m n`allmkdm~ ok eanv nak jmkmeov a~tmll a~ sm kalom zmdohk~ f ms mkf okd hk v`m mn hkhg on akf ~hn oal ~vz}n v}zm, v`m d mhdzas`yakf lhnavohk akf al~h v`m dmh'mnhkhgon sh~ovohk he man` zmdohk+ Gh~v he v`m~m eanvhz~azm ~vzhkd ly okel}mkn mf jy v`m Kavohka l n`a zan vmzo~von~ he v`m G mg jmz va vm vh t`on` v`myjmlhkd+

Vh n azzy h}v v`m akaly~o~ tm fmeokmf a ghf ml ja ~mf hk a fmeokovohk he ~mk~ovouovy vh v`mn`allmkdm t`on` ~}ggazom~ v`m u}lkmzajolovy he man` zmdohk }kfmz v`av n`allmkdm akfdoum~ }~ a sazagmvmz vh m~vogavm v`m lobmly ogsanv he v`m n`allmkdm hk ov~ mnhkhgonsmzehzgakn m+ V m ~mk~ovouovy sazagmvm z~ he man ` zmd ohk t mzm v`mk zmlavmf vh a ~mv h e`yshv`m~o~ he n`allmkdm okvmk~ovy (~nmkazoh~/, kagmly `ht ea~v akf `ht ~vzhkd v`mn `allmkd m ogs an v t h}lf a eemn v M] zmd ohk~ akf doum zo~m vh oknhg m f o~sazovom~+

> ykv`m~o~ zmshzv szms a zmf jy Mkzonh Thllmj , Ezakn o~ Nzoss ~, Akf zma Noeeh lollo, Zhga k Zgo~n`+ V m

a}v`hz~ jmkmeovmf ezhg v`m nhggmkv~ he Thledakd G}kn` (FD ZMDOH ' M}zhsmak Nhggo~~ohk/,v`m Thzlf Jakb, v`m Okvmzkavohkal Hzdako~avohk ehz Godzavohk (OHG/ akf FD ZMLMP (M}zhsmakNh gg o~~ohk/+ V m a}v`hz~ a l~h t o~ vh v`a kb Akf zma Ka lfoko, Do}~ms sm D m~akh, Ezakb @mok~,

D}dlomlgh Thllmj , Alm~~akf zh Fazaoh a kf Akfz~ Okhva o ehz v`moz oks}v vh v`m f o~n}~~ohk+

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

::++ HHuummzzuuoommtt hh ee bbmmyy nn `aa llllmmkkdd mm~~V o~ n `as vmz o~ g afm }s he vth ~mn vohk~+ V m eoz~v h km ~}gg azo~m~ v`m g a ok ema v}zm~ heman` n`allmkdm v`av gay jm mpsmnvmf vh `aum a ~odkoeonakv ogsanv hk M}zhsm ok v`msmzohf lmaf okd }s vh :3:3+ V m ~mn hkf ~mn vohk szhuofm~ a n hkn o~m zmuomt he v`m lovmzav}zmhk n `allmkdm~ mpagokmf ok v`m jan bdzh}kf sa sm z~+

:+1 Ema v}zm~, shvmkvoal fmumlhsgmkv~ akf ogsan v~ hk f o~sazovom~Man` n`allmkdm o~ n`azanvmzo~mf jy ~mumzal emav}zm~ t`on` azm v`m gaok ~ygsvhg~ hz

meemn v~ he v`m n `allmkdm ok v`m m n hkhg y+ Man ` ema v}zm `a ~ sh vmkvoal jmkmeov~ akf n h~v~ vhnh}kvzom~ akf zmdohk~+

Ok v`m ~}js azadzas `~ jmlht , a f meokovohk he m an ` n `allmkd m o~ h}vlokmf + V moz ema v}zm~, v`mokvmk~ovy ok v`m smzohf vh :3:3 akf v`m n hzzm~sh kf okd n h~v~ jmkm eov~ a zm lo~vmf + V m okvmk~ovyhe a ema v}zm h e a n `a llmkd m n ak j m mzh h z sh~ovoum+ V zmm g ma ~}zm~ he okvmk~ovy a zm }~mf okv`m va jlm~9 lht , g mf o}g hz `od`+Ghzmhumz, zmdohkal ~mk~ovouovy gay jm sh~ovoum (jmkmeov~ he `od` okvmk~ovy/ hz kmdavoum(f o~afua kva dm~ he `od` okvmk~ovy/+ V mzmeh zm t m kmmf vh f o~vokd}o~ ema v}zm~ v`a v azm g hzmhz lm~~ jmkmeonoal (sh~ovoum ~mk~ovouovy/, ezhg v`h~m v`av azm ghzm hz lm~~ `azge}l (kmdavoum

~mk~ovouovy/ akf v`h~m v`av gay aeemnv zmdohk~ mov`mz tay (kmdavoum ehz ~hgm, sh~ovoum ehzhv`mz~/+

:+1+1 Dlhjalo~avohkDlhjalo~avohk o~ v`m oknzma~okd okvmdzavohk he thzlf gazbmv~ f}m vh fogoko~`okd vzak~anvohknh~v~ akf lhtmz jazzomz~ vh v`m mpn`akdm he dhhf~, ~mzuonm~, nasoval, smhslm, ofma~,okehzg avohk akf bkht lmfd m+ Ok a dlhjalo~mf th zlf v`m szh~smzovy he m an ` zmd ohk, lazdm hz~g all, fms mkf ~ mau oly hk mpshzv~ vh hv`mz azma ~+ V m ` od`m~v zmtazf~ ehz sazvon osa vohk okdlhjal vzafm vysonally an n z}m vh mkvmzszo~m~ v`av d aok a fhg okakv g azbmv sh ~ovohk v`zh}d`jzakf okd, s zhf }n v okkhua vohk akf s zhn m~~ okkhua vohk+ V o~ `a~ n zma vmf a *bkht lmfdmmnhkhgy* t`mzm `od` mf}navohk akf mpvmk~oum okvmzkavohkal nhkkmnvohk~ nhkemz a~odkoeon akv nhg smvovoum a fuakvadm + V m g a ok emav}zm~ he v`m d lhj alo~a vohk n`a llmkd m a zm~}gg azo~mf jmlht9

Mp`ojov 1 Dlhja lo~avohk9 ema v}zm~, okvmk~ovy a kf sh vmkvoal jmkmeov~ nh~v~

Ema v}zm Okvmk~ovy ok smzohf

vh :3:3

Shvmkvoa l jmkmeov~ ( nh~v~

Dlhjal j}~okm~~ fzouokdokkhuavohk akf~smnoalo~avohk anzh~~ a tofmzakd m he dh hf ~ akf ~mzuonm~

Gmf o}g Jmkm eov~9 hs sh zv}kovom~ ehz zasof dzht v` heokf}~vzom~ akf ~mzuonm~ ok zmdohk~ v`av dmv v`mja laknm zod`v jmvtmmk ual}m aff mf a kf n h~v~+

Nh ~v~9 lh~~ he ihj~ akf oknh gm ok vzaf ovohka lokf}~vzom~, afumz~m ganzh'mnhkhgon ogsanv oe

mpshzv mazkokd~ azm khv ~}eeonomkvly fykagon+Mpsh~}zm vh dlhjal gazbmv fhtkv}zk~ akf zo~b~

he zmlhnavohk a~ j}~okm~~ akf gazbmv savvmzk~n`akdm+

Ezmm vzafm ad zmmg mkv~ Gmf o}g Jmkmeov~9 ogszhumf ~mn }zovy he ga zbmv annm~~

7/31/2019 Regional challenges in the perspective of 2020

15/77

^ykv`m~o~ >

O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

Ema v}zm Okvmk~ovy ok smzohf

vh :3:3

Shvmkvoa l jmkmeov~ ( nh~v~

okvmkfmf vh zmf}nm`okfzaknm~ vh nzh~~'jhzfmzvzafm akf okum~vgmkv

akf mk`aknmf hsshzv}kovom~ ehz ~smnoalo~avohkakf okvmdzavohk he ual}m n`aok~

Zo~b~9 lhnal okf}~vzom~ gay jm }kajlm vh vabm

afuakvadm he kmt hsshzv}kovom~ akf vhgaokvaok ihj~ akf oknhgm ok v`m eanm he kmtnhg sm vovohk ezhg mpvmzkal szhf}n mz~+

Uhlavolovy he thzlf vzafm akf

nhgghfovy gazbmv~

Gmf o}g Jmkmeov~9 hk aumzadm nh k~}gmz~ da ok akf , tov`

szhsmz zo~b gakadmgmkv vhhl~, al~h okfouof}al~}ss lomz~ daok+

Nh ~v~9 ga n zh'mn hkh gon ezadolovy (zmn m~~ohk~,

nzmfov ~q}mmm~, ezmq}mkv n`akdm~ ok shlonymgs`a~o~ akf fozmnvohk, j}~okm~~ akfmgslhygmkv zo~b~/

Zasof dzhtv` he shzvehlohokum~vgmkv azh}kf v`mthzlf a~ ~aumz~ ~mmb vhfoumz~oey zo~b akf vabmaf uakva dm he `od`mz zmv}zk~hz foeem zmkv zo~b s zheolm~

Gmf o}g Jmkmeov~9 mk`akn mf hs sh zv}kovom~ ehz tmalv`an n}g}lavohk akf zmf}n vohk he zo~b

Nh ~v~9 ok~vajolovy h e n }zzmkn om~ akf ~vhnb ga zbmv~ok foeemzmkv thzlf zmdohk~ akf eokaknoal nmkvzm~fzoumk jy uhlavolm mpsmnvavohk~ he dlhjalokum~vhz~, mknh}zadokd zm~vzonvoum eokaknoalsh lonom~ v`av ok`ojov mn hkh gon d zht v`

@}gak zm~h}znm~ akf ~boll~vh ~smnoalom ok fykagon~mnvhz~ akf afuaknmf~mzuonm~

@od` Jmkm eov~9 fykagon zmd ohka l mn hkhgy, ogszhum fvzafm nhgsmvovoumkm~~ akf zo~m ok v`m mpshzv~ azm he th zlf vzafm

Nh~v~9 Mnhkhgon fmnlokm a~ vzafovohkal

~smnoaloavohk lhh~m nhgsmvovoumkm~~, ~lhtdzhtv` akf oknzma~okd }kmgslhygmkv+

V m zmd ohka l og san v he dlhj alo~a vohk o~ g mf oa vmf jy M}zhs mak'tofm a kf ka vohka l vzafmlokbadm~, ogslyokd v`av zmdohk~ gay daok hz lh~m ezhg v`m ~}nnm~~ he hv`mz zmdohk~ hzn h}kvzom~ ok M}zhsma k akf thzlf g azbmv~+ }n` gmf oavohk o~ ov~mle q }ovm }kmum k a ~ ~hg mzmdohk~ `aum ~vzhkd sh~ovoum lokb~ vh hv`mz zmdohk~ hz nh}kvzom~ t`olm fmszm~~mf hz

janbtazf zmdohk~ hevmk `aum emt sh~ovoum lokbadm~ mpnmsv mlodojolovy ehz kavohkal akfNhg g}kovy a~~o~vakn m v`a v gay khv a ltay~ jm m eemn voum hz ~}~va okajlm ok v`m lhkd z}k+V m zmdohka l og san v he d lhjalo~a vohk fms mkf ~ hk g aky ean vhz~ okn l}f okd v`m a jolovy he eozg~ok v`m zmdohk vh vabm afuakvadm he dzhtokd mpshzv gazbmv~, afasvavohk vh nhgsmvovohkezhg hv`mz zmdohk~ tov`ok hz h}v~ofm M}zhsm, v`m zmdohk~ shvmkvoal vh daok ezhg nzh~~'

jhzfm z okum~vgm kv~ akf zmg ovvakn m~, akf v`m ajolovy he laj h}z ga zbmv ok~vov}vohk~ akf hv`m z~hnoal akf nhllmnvoum ok~vov}vohk~ ok v`m zmdohk vh govodavm szm~~}zm~ hk oknhgm fo~vzoj}vohk,~mn }zovy he mg slhygmkv, eokakn m h e tm leazm ~y~vmg ~ akf s zhuo~ohk h e s}jlon dhhf~+

:+1+: Fmghdzas`on n `akdmFmghdzas`on n`akdm nhk~o~v~ he ghfoeonavohk~ ok v`m shs}lavohk jzh}d`v ajh}v jyn `akdm ~ ok emzvolovy a kf loem mpsmn va kn y a~ tm ll a~ g odzav ohk+ V m g a ok ema v}zm~ he v`mfmghd zas `on n `allmkdm azm ~}gg azo~mf jm lht 9

7/31/2019 Regional challenges in the perspective of 2020

16/77

^ykv`m~o~ 6

O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

Mp`ojov : Fmghd zas`on n`akdm9 emav}zm~, okvmk~ovy akf sh vmkvoal jmkmeov~ nh~v~

Ema v}zm Okvmk~ovy ok smzohf vh

:3:3

Shvmkvoa l jmkmeov~ ( nh~v~

Kav}zal dzhtv` akf

ad mokd he sh s}lavohk

Gmf o}g Jmkm eov~9 oknzma ~mf ihj hs shzv}kovom~ ehz yh}kd

smhslm akf hlf smhslm t`h takv vh thzb,

sh~~ojlm hs shzv}kovom~ ehz jmkmeon oal godzavohkNh~v~9 humzj}zfmkokd he tmleazm ~y~vmg~ akf

eaol}zm vh szhuofm q}alovy he ~}sshzv vh hlfsm hslm akf hv`mz fo~af uakva dmf dzh}s~

Godzavohk tov`ok akfjm vtmmk n h}kvzom~

Gmfo}g Jmkmeov~9 ogszhumf ja laknm jm vtmmkshs}lavohk ~vz}nv}zm akf ihj hsshzv}kovom~ okM}zhs ma k zmdohk~ akf ~}zzh}kf okd a zma~

Shvmkvoal zo~b he fmshs}lavohk, mnhkhgonfmn lokm akf f ms zoua vohk ok ~hg m a zma ~

mum zal fo~voknv f mg hd zas`on sa vvmzk~ a zm a kvon osa vmf ok f oeemzmkv zmd ohk~ he M}zhs m a kf

kmod`j h}zokd azma~ oknl}fokd9 fmg hd zas `on fmn lokm ok a zma ~ tov` ad mokd sh s}lavohk~ akfmgodzavohk he yh}kdmz smhslm zm~}lvokd ok a ~`zokbokd lajh}z ehznm akf fmszm~~mfmnhkhgon szh~smnv~2 dzaf}al fmnlokm ok azma~ tov` admokd shs}lavohk akf logovmfoggodzavohk zm~}lvokd ok `od` hlf'adm fmsmkfmkny zavoh~, sh~~ojlm ~naznovy he ~mzuonm~ akf

tmab mnhkhgon smzehzgaknm2 azma~ t`mzm v`m fmghdzas`on ~vz}nv}zm o~ jalaknmfv`zh}d` oggodzavohk t`on` `aum dhhf szh~smnv~ ~h lhkd a~ mnhkhgon dzhtv` nhkvok}m~j}v gay z}k okvh ~hnoal nhkelonv~ oe v`m mnhkhgy o~ fmszm~~mf akf }kmgslhygmkv o~ `od`2azma~ he fmghdzas`on mpsak~ohk f}m vh `od` jozv` zavm~ ok n}zzmkv akf zmnmkv fmnafm~t`mzm v`m gaok zo~b o~ hkm he `od` yh}v` }kmgslhygmkv }klm~~ v`m mnhkhgy nak mpsakf

av a ea~v zavm +Ehz v`o~ n`allmkdm v`m kmod`jh}zokd nh}kvzom~ fmghdzas`y `a~ mgmzdmf a~ zmlmuakv ehz

v`m godzavohk elht~ t`on` v`my gay doum zo~m vh2 e}zv`mzghzm, v`m foeemzmknm jmvtmmkkmod`jh}zokd akf hv`mz mgmzdokd hz lm~~ fmumlhsmf nh}kvzom~ ok v`m hv`mz sazv~ he v`mth zlf gay jm ozzmlmuakv tov` zm~smn v vh v`m e}v}zm shs }lavohk elht ~ ok a dlhj alo~mf th zlf+

:+1+> Nlogavm n `akdmNlogavm n`akdm nhk~o~v~ he a ~mv he alvmzavohk~ ok v`m aumzadm tmav`mz na}~mf jy dlhjalta zg okd f}m vh v`m mg o~~ohk h e akv`zhs hd mkon dzmmk`h}~m d a~m~+ V m g a ok ema v}zm~ hen loga vm n `akd m a zm ~}gga zo~mf ok v`m vajlm jm lht9

Mp`ojov > Nlogavm n `akdm9 emav}zm~, okvmk~ovy akf sh vmkvoal jmkmeov~ nh~v~

Ema v}zm Okvmk~ovy ok smzohf vh

:3:3

Shvmkvoal jmkmeov~ ( nh~v~

Zo~m ok ~ma lmuml aeemnvokdnha ~val azma~

Lht Nh ~v~9 okum~vgmkv ok fzaokadm akf nha ~valszhvmnvohk, zmlhnavohk nh~v~, fmnlokm he vh}zo~gakf a dzon}lv}zm

Tazgokd he khzv`mzkzmdohk~

Lht Jmkm eov~ vh adzon}lv}zm akf vh}zo~g

Azofovy akf ~vhzg~ ok~h}v`mzk zmd ohk~

Lht Fag adm vh adzon}lv}zm, ma lv` zo~b~

V m vog okd h e n`akdm~ akf v`m sa vvm zk akf nh~v he zm~shk~m~ o~ zmla voumly }knm zva ok+

Zmdohkal ~mk~ovouovy vh nlogavm n`akdm o~ umzy uazomf+ T`olm a zo~m ok vmgsmzav}zm o~ a ~lht

7/31/2019 Regional challenges in the perspective of 2020

17/77

^ykv`m~o~ =

O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

s`mkhgmkhk tov` n}g}lavoum, lhkd vmzg meemnv~, mpvzmgm nlogavm mumkv~ azm lobmly vh

zms zm~mkv v`m gh ~v zmlmuakv kmda voum a ~sm n v he n loga vm n `akd m ezhg kht vh :3:3+

Nlogavm n`akdm o~ a n`allmkdm v`av shvmkvoally ok v`m gmfo}glhkd z}k nak `aum umzy~odkoeonakv ogsanv~ hk v`m zmdohk~ t`on` azm ghzm ~mk~ovoum vh ov2 av v`m ~agm vogm, ov o~ v`m

n`allmkdm t`on` `a~, ehz gh~v he ov~ emav}zm~ v`m `od`m~v fmdzmm he }knmzvaokvy a~ eaz a~v`m vogm'~sak he v`moz foeemzmkv ogsanv akf v`m okvmk~ovy he ~}n` ogsanv o~ nhknmzkmf+Nhk~mq }mkvly, alv`h}d ` v`m vogm ~sak he h}z aka ly~o~ o~ khv lhkd mkh}d` eh z v`m ogs an v vhjm ~odkoeonakv, tm kmmf vh nhknmoum }zdmkv ak~tmz~ av v`m zmdohkal lmuml vh ~lht fhtkakf s h~~ojly nh }kvmzan v v`m ua~v kmda voum ogs an v~ t`on` ov ga y doum zo~m vh+

:+1+6 Mkmzdy zo~b~Mkmzdy zo~b~ azm zmlavmf vh ~`hzvnhgokd~ akf zodofovom~ a~ zmdazf~ ~}ssly (m+d+ okvmzz}svohk~akf ~`hzvadm~, okeza~vz}nv}zal szhjlmg~/, fmgakf (m+d+ ~vz}nv}zal n`akdm~, ~tovn` vh

n lmak'mkmzdy, g hzm mkmzdy m eeon omkn y/ akf uhlavolovy he mkmzdy s zon m~+ V m g a ok ema v}zm~ hev`m mkm zdy n `allmkdm a zm ~}gg azo~mf jmlht9

Mp`oj ov 6 Mkmzdy zo~b~9 emav}zm~, okvmk~ovy akf shvmkvoal j mkm eov~ nh~v~

Ema v}zm Okvmk~ovy ok smzohf

vh :3:3

Shvmkvoa l jmkmeov~ ( nh~v~

]k~vajlm thzlf szonm~ akf

hnna~ohkal okvmzz}svohk~ vh~}ssly

Gmf o}g Nh ~v~9 el}n v}a vohk~ ok oknh gm ~ akf n h~v~,

fo~z}svohk h e s zhf }n vohk

Zo~okd nh~v he ~}ssly he eh~~ole}ml~

Gmf o}g Jmkm eov~9 lhkd'z}k hs shzv}kovom~ ehz okkhua vohk okmkm zdy ~}ss ly akf }~m

Nh~v~9 fmnlokm he mkmzdy'okvmk~oum okf}~vzom~ akfghf m~ he s zhf }n vohk

Kmmf vh zmf}nmdzmmk`h}~m da~m~ v`av gayannmlmzavm dlhjal nlogavm

n`akdm

Gmf o}g Jmkm eov~9 hs sh zv}kovom~ vh fmum lhs kmt ~h}znm~he ~}ssly v`av fh khv dmkmzavm dzmmk`h}~mda~m~

Nh~v~9 fmnlokm he $fozvy$ okf}~vzom~ akf ghfm~ hemkm zdy }~m

Lhnalo~mf shll}vohk he v`mmkuozhkgmkv

Lht Nh ~v~9 fa ga dm vh aeemn vmf azma~, nh~v~ hegovodavohk akf nlmak'}s

V m g humg mkv h e mkmzdy s zon m~ akf ~smmf h e n`akd m ok sa vvmzk~ he ~}ss ly akf }~m a zm

q}ovm n lh~mly lokbmf vh v`m d lhja l mnhkhg on n ynlm+ lht dzhtv` he thzlf oknhgm akf vzaf mvmkf~ vh ogsly eallokd mkmzdy szonm~ akf fmlaymf okvzhf}nvohk he kmt mkmzdy ~h}znm~ akfvmn`khlhdom~ akf mkmzdy'~auokd okum~vgmkv~+ Ghzm zasof dzhtv` he thzlf oknhgm akfvzafm zao~m~ ~}ssly szhjlmg~ akf szhghvm~ `od` szonm~ v`av mknh}zadm annmlmzavmfokum~vgm kv ok ~vz}n v}zal n `akdm +V m f ozmn v og san v he m kmzdy n`allmkdm~ hk zmdohk~ ua zom~ nhk~ofmzaj ly fms mkf okd hk v`m oz

mkmzdy zm~h}znm~, kmmf~ akf okeza~vz}nv}zm~+ Ehz ok~vaknm, jmokd nhkkmnvmf vh v`mM}zhsmak dzof o~ a zmlmuakv o~~}m akf ~hgm zmdohk~ azm khv (m+d+ Jalvon ~vavm~/ tov`og shzvakv n hk~mq }mkn m~ hk ~mn }zovy he ~}ssly+Dlhjal szm~~}zm ehz kmt savvmzk~ he mkmzdy ~}ssly akf }~m al~h szm~mkv~ hsshzv}kovom~ okzmdohk~ tov` v`m nasajolovy vh sohkmmz zmlmuakv okkhuavohk~ akf nasv}zm ~odkoeonakv ~`azm~

ok kmt szhf }n v, vmn `khlhd y a kf ~mzuon m g azbmv~+ Eoka lly, zmd ohk~ v`a v ~mll dhh f~ akf~mzuonm~ vh mkmzdy'mpshzvokd nh}kvzom~ gay jmkmeov ezhg zo~okd mkmzdy szonm~ v`av oknzma~mkmmf~ akf j}fdmv~ ok v`h~m nh}kvzom~, jhh~vokd mpshzv~ ezhg zmdohk~ v`av azm v`moz gaok

7/31/2019 Regional challenges in the perspective of 2020

18/77

^ykv`m~o~ 5

O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

~}sslomz~+ V m d mhdzas `on al n `azan vmzo~von~ akf lhna vohk h e a zmd ohk a zm zmlmuakv ehz

fmvmzgokokd ov~ ~mk~ovouovy vh v`m n `allmkd m+ V m~m a ~smn v~ okel}mkn m v`moz aj olovy vh fmumlhszmkmta jlm mkmzdom~, akf vh `a um ma ~omz an n m~~ vh n hkumkvohkal ~h}zn m~+Lokbad m~ jm vtmmk mkmzdy a kf khk'mkmzdy vzafm akf jm vtmmk m kmzdy szonm~, okum~vgmkvakf oknhgm~ he mkmzdy ~}sslomz~ akf nhk~}gmz~ gmak v`av ov o~ khv ma~y vh navmdhzo~m

daokmz~ akf lh~mz~+ Umzy hevmk ~hgm eozg~ akf `h}~m`hlf~ daok t`olm hv`mz~ ok v`m ~agmzmd ohk s ay `od`m z mkmzdy s zon m~ tov`h}v a ky ~odkoeon akv n hg smk~av ohk+

:+1+= Kmt ~hn oal zo~b~Kmt ~hnoal zo~b~ nhk~o~v he `od`mz mpsh~}zm he tofmz ~mnvohk~ he v`m shs}lavohk vh ihjok~vaj olovy, sh umzvy akf eaol}zm~ he tmlea zm+ V my n ak `ov aky ~hn oal d zh}s ok a sazvon }lazs`a~m he a loem nynlm zav`mz v`ak `ovvokd a ~smnoeon ~hnoal dzh}s+ Kmt ~hnoal zo~b emav}zm~kmmf vh jm affmf vh v`m hlf ~hnoal zo~b~2 v`my alvmz v`m ~vz}nv}zm akf v`m szohzovom~ he v`mtm leazm ~y~vmg akf n hg smvm eh z ov~ zm~h}znm~+ V m okn zma ~m h e dlhjal nhg smv ovoum s zm~~}zm

fmvmzgokm~ zmgazbajlm n`akdm~ ok ghfml~ he louokd, hzdako~avohk he `h}~m`hlf~ akfn asan ovy he ea g olom~ vh s zhuofm ok `h}~m na zm ~mzuon m~+ V m g a ok ema v}zm~ he v`m kmt~hn oal zo~b~ a zm ~}ggazo~mf jmlht9

Mp`oj ov = Kmt ~hn oal zo~b~9 emav}zm~, okvmk~ovy akf s hvmkvoal jmkmeov~ nh~v~

Ema v}zm Okvmk~ovy ok smzohf

vh :3:3

Shvmkvoa l jmkmeov~ ( nh~v~

@h}~m`h lf ezadg mkva vohk Gmf o}g Shumzvy he ~okdlm'sazmkv `h}~m`h lf~ akf`h}~m`hlf~ t`mzm hkm hz jhv` sazmkv~ azm}kmgslhymf, `od` gaokvmkaknm nh~v~,m~smn oa lly ok z}za l azma~

@od` fm smkfmkn y zavoh @od` Kmmf vh oknzma~m v`m k}gj mz he eag olygmgjmz~ av thzb vh d}azakvmm a `o~vhzonallyan nms vajlm ~vakfa zf he louokd+

Nh ~v~9 fmvmzohzavokd q }alovy he loem f }m vh a dzmav

szm~~}zm hk all `h}~m`hlf gmgjmz~ vh oknzma~mv`m `h}~m`hlf lajh}z ~}ssly

Nh kn oloavohk Gmf o}g Okn zma ~okd foeeon}lvy ehz `h}~m`h lf gm gj mz~ vh

nhkn oloavm v`m kmmf ehz ghzm sa of thzb akf v`mkmm f eh z ghzm ok `h}~m na zm ~mzuonm~+

Nh ~v~9 fm vmzohzavokd q}a lovy h e loem

Oknzma~mf okmq}alovy he say

akf ogshumzo~`gmkv he}k~bollmf thzbmz~

@od` Nh ~v~9 shumzvy he mgs lhymf th zbmz~ a~ tm ll a~

v`m }kmgslhymf akf ~v}fmkv~ akf mlfmzlysmhs lm t`h azm khv ok e}ll'vogm mg slhygmkv

J}fdmvazy szm~~}zm hk

tmleazm ~y~vmg~

@od` Nh ~v~9 fmvm zohza vokd aj olovy vh allmuoavm

`h}~m`hlf shumzvy akf ~}sshzv na~}alvom~ he}kmq}al fmumlhsgmkv lmafokd vh ok~mn}zovy,nhg g}kovy vmk~ohk~ akf `h~volovy vh godza vohk

Kmt ~hn oal zo~b~ g ay okvmk~oey ok n a~m he eaol}zm vh g a okva ok mn hkhg on d zht v` h z eaol}zm vh~szmaf jm kmeov~ he mn hkhg on dzhtv` vh v`m t`hlm sh s}lavohk+Ov o~ thzv` khvokd v`av ov o~ foeeon}lv vh doum ~hnoal zo~b~ a zmdohkal mpszm~~ohk+ Ok hv`mz thzf~,v`m zmdohkal fogmk~ohk o~ khv kmnm~~azoly afmq}avm t`mk fmalokd tov` v`o~ n`allmkdm+

hg m o~~}m a zm okfmmf }zjak t`olm hv`mz~ a eemn v a ll zmd ohk~+

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

:+: ykv`m~o~ he lovmzav}zm zmuomtV m lovm za zy zmu omt o~ mpvmk~oumly fma lv tov` ok v`m jan bdzh}kf s asmz~ fma lokd tov`

n`allmkdm~2 ok v`m szm~mkv zmshzv tm nhknmkvzavm hk v`h~m a~smnv~ t`on` ~}~vaok v`mhj imn voum h e a kaly~okd zmd ohka l f o~sazovom~ ghzm f ozmn vly+

:+:+1 Dlhjalo~avohkDmkmzal emav}zm~

V h}d ` f oeemzmkv a dm~ he v`m `}g ak `o~vhzy `aum tovkm~~mf okvmk~oum ehzg~ he mn hkhgonmpn`akdm6, vth g aok taum~ he d lhja l gazbmv okvmd zavohk n ak j m j a~on ally n hk~ofm zmf a~v`m g h~v n z}n oal (Ja lftok akf Gazvok, 1???/+ V m eoz~v hkm o~ hj uoh}~ly zmla vmf vh v`mokf}~vzoal zmuhl}vohk he v`m smzohf 10:3'1?16, t`olm v`m ~mnhkf hkm o~ v`m n}zzmkvs`mkhgmkhk, t`on` nak jm favmf vh v`m 53om~, akf t`on` `a~ jmmk mpsmzomknokd a~vzhkd an n mlmzav ohk ~okn m v`m ?3om~+ V m zmn mkv lovm za v}zm a jh}v dlhjaloa vohk `a ~ ~vzm~~mfv`m }koq}m ema v}zm~ he v`o~ n }zzmkv ta um v`a v f o~vokd}o~ ov ezhg v`m s zmuoh}~ hkm akf t`on`n ak jm j zomely ~}gg azomf a~ ehllht~9

' mumz oknzma~okd okvmznhkkmnvohk jmvtmmk zmdohk~ tov`ok v`m thzlf mnhkhgy2 akokafmq }a vm dhumzkakn m j y v`m okvm zka vohka l ok~vov}vohk~ (m+d + TVH, OGE/2 zo~okdfmgakf vh ok~vov}vohk~ akf vh dhumzkgmkv~ vh szhuofm tmleazm ~n`mgm~ akf ~hnoald}azakvmm~ adaok~v oknhgm akf ihj lh~~m~, f}m vh ~vzhkd nhgsmvovohk, ok a nhkvmpvhe lht vap za vm~+

' oknzma~okd gazbmv hsshzv}kovom~ ehz mgmzdokd `od` shs}lavohk mnhkhgom~ ~}n` a~N`oka , Okf oa a kf v`m n h}kvzom~ he v`m ehzgmz hu omv ]kohk (@ag olvhk, :330/2 v`o~ a~nzmavmf navn`okd }s hsshzv}kovom~ ehz v`m lm~~ fmumlhsmf zmdohk~ f}m vhvmn`khlhdy vzak~emz~+

' dzhtokd ogs hzva knm h e vzafm ok ofma ~ (TVH, :334/ n `azan vmzo~mf jy n hkvok}h}~

akf ea ~v okehzga vohk mpn`a kdm akf a fuakn m~ ok ONV, jy ak ogszm~~oum zmf}n vohk hen hg g}kon a vohk akf vzak~shzv n h~v~ (Thle, :336/, jy EFO n a zzomf h}v jy g}lvoka vohka lmkvmzszo~m~ ok ga k}ean v}zokd , ~mzuon m~ akf h}v~h}zn okd okf }~vzom~+

' zmfo~vzoj}voum kav}zm he dlhjaloavohk (Thle, :336/2 ihokokd v`m dlhjal mnhkhgy ehzfmumlhsokd nh}kvzom~ `a~ nhkvzoj}vmf vh v`m zmf}nvohk he shumzvy=, v`h}d` ov ~voll

zmgaok~ a gaihz szhjlmg+ Ghzmhumz, auaolajlm muofmknm `a~ ~`htk ak oknzma~m okv`m okmq}alovy tov`ok gh~v n h}kvzom~ ok v`m la~v vth fmn afm~ ok jh v` fmumlhs okd a kffmumlhsmf azma5+

A nlh~mz okum~vodavohk he v`m M}zhsmak ~ov}avohk av ak addzmdavm lmuml allht~ vh a~~m~~ ak

humzall sh~ovoum m eemn v h e dlhjalo~avohk ( as oz zmshzv :33>/+Okfmmf ov o~ sh~~ojlm vh eokf muofmknm he v`m kmv sh~ovoum meemnv~ he dlhjalo~avohk (v`av o~,vabokd okvh a n n h}kv v`m ~hn oal n h~v he a f i}~vgmkv~/9

6 Ezhg v`m Zhg ak vh v`m O~lagon Dh lfmk Adm , ezhg v`m olb Zha f f }zokd v`m Gh kdh l Mgs ozm vh v`mMa~v Okfoa Nhgsaky f}zokd v`m Jzovo~` Mgsozm akf ~h ehzv`+= N`oka ok s azvon}la z zmnh zfmf v`m la zdm~v f mn lokm ok shumzvy ok `o~vh zy fzhss okd ok :: ymaz~ ezhg 46-vh 1=- ok :336 2 akf ok Okf oa ezhg 5>- ok 1?01 vh 6:- ok :331

5 Vzaf m lojmzaloa vohk a kf mpshzv d zht v` a zm eh}kf vh jm a ~~hn oavm f tov` lhtmz oknhg m okmq}a lovy,t`olm oknzma~mf eokaknoal hsmkkm~~ o~ a~~hnoavmf tov` `od`mz okmq}alovy+ @htmumz v`moz nhgjokmfnhkvzoj}vohk vh zo~okd okmq}a lovy `a~ jm mk g}n ` lhtm z v`ak vmn `khlhdona l n`akd m, jhv` a v dlhjal

lmuml akf m~smn oally ok fmum lhsokd nh}k vzom~ (OGE, :330/

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

'dlhj alo~a vohk `a~ fh}jlmf v`m k}gjmz he th zbmz~ (Ezmm g ak, :335/,

'dlhjalo~avohk `a~ mpsakfmf mpshzv hsshzv}kovom~ akf gafm ogshzv~ n`masmz, `mknmjhh~vokd szhf}nvouovy2'ihj lh~~m~ aum vmkf mf vh jm zmsla n mf jy kmt `od`mz'sa of ihj ~ akf , a~ ~ ht k ok vhzzomakf Tazf (:334/ ehz v`m smzohf :33:':33=, hee~`hzm ~h}znokd akf fmlhnalo~avohk `aum `af

a q }ovm log ovmf og san v hk ihj ~ zmf }n vohk~+

Hk v`m hv`m z `akf , jh v` lovmzav}zm (Zam a kf hllom, :334/ akf q}akvova voum gma ~}zm~szhu of mf jy okvm zka vohka l hzdakoa vohk~ (Fzm`mz akf Apml, :3352 Fzm`m z, Apml, Da ~vhk akfGazvmk~, :330/ `aum ~vzm~~mf v`m foeemzmkv meemnv~ he dlhjaloavohk aghkd zmdohk~ okzmla vohk vh v`m q }alovy he v`m `}ga k na s ova l , a~ ok v`m Khzfon n h}kvzom~, t`m zma ~ gh~v he

nhkvokmkval M}zhsm ~}eemz~ ezhg a zmlavoum tmabkm~~ ok v`m mf}navohkal ~mnvhz a~ tmll a~ okafgoko~vzavoum szhnmf}zm~ ehz j}~okm~~ ~vazv'}s (@agolvhk, :330/2 v`m ~ov}avohk he ^h}v`mzkakf Ma~vmzk nh }kvzom~ o~ v`m g h~v n zovona l f }m vh a ~ hzvad m h e `}gak n asoval, lht q }alovyok~vov}vohk~ akf a lht ual}m af fmf ~sm n oaloavohk he v`m mnhkhgy+

Zmlmuaknm ehz zmdohka l fo~sazovom~T`mk ehn}~okd hk v`m k}gmzh}~ mnhkhgon, ~hnoal akf mkuozhkgmkval ogsanv~ hedlhjalo~avohk hk M}zhsmak zmdohk~ (Eo~`mz, :33>/ akf v`m a~yggmvzy he ~}n` ogsanv~anzh~~ nh}kvzom~, zmdohk~ akf ~hnoal dzh}s~, ov o~ kmnm~~azy vh vabm okvh annh}kv v`mmpvzmg m n hgslmpovy he v`m s`mkhgm khk t`on` `a ~ jm mk f m~n zojm f jy v`m lovmzav}zm+V m mkf hd mkh}~ dzhtv` v`m hzy `a~ ~vzm~~mf v`m zhlm h e vmn `khlhdy f oee}~ohk akf khkmpnl}~oum }~m he bkhtlmfdm a~ ~h}znm~ he lhkd'vmzg dzhtv` (Zhgmz, 1??32 Ad`ohk akf@htovv, 1?4/, j}v hv`mz akaly~o~ `aum `od`lod`vmf v`m zhlm he ~mumzal affovohkal vzak~go~~ohkgmn`ako~g~9

' `o~vhzy akf nhkvmpv gay jm ogshzvakv eanvhz~ ok fmvmzgokokd v`m nasanovy hen logj okd }s v`m vm n `khlhdy laf fmz ( n hvv a kf vhzsm z, :33>/2

' ~savoal hzdakoavohk gay aeemnv mnhkhgon okvmdzavohk (Thzlf Jakb, :33?/ tov` ov~v`zmm fogmk~ohk~9 fmk~ovy (zmlavmf vh addlhgmzavohk mnhkhgom~ akf }zjakoavohk

shlonom~/, fo~vaknm (zmlavmf vh godzavohk akf vh vmzzovhzoal fmumlhsgmkv akfokeza~vz}nv}za l sh lon om~/ akf f ouo~ohk (zmla vmf vh okvmd za vohk shlon om~/

' vmn`khlhdonal n`akdm nhkvok}h}~ly anv~ a~ a shtmze}l fzoumz he n`akdm he

~sm n oaloavohk a kf mgslhygmkv s avvm zk~' lhna vohk ~vza vmd om~ he g }lvokavohkal n hzsh za vohk~ mpmzv okel}mkn m h k v`m hzda koa vohk

he s zhf }n vohk a kf ov~ zmd ohka l sa vvmzk~ ( vhzsm z akf N`mk, :333/' oknzma~mf nhgsmvovohk, v`m zo~m he kmt gazbmv~ akf kmt vmn`khlhdonal

hs shzv}kovom~ g abm szhf}n vohk km vthzb~ ghzm f o~smz~mf , mpvmk~oum a kf n hkkmn vmf

an zh~~ n hkvokmkv~2 kmt okvmd za vohk sa vvm zk~ gay f o~z}s v mpo~vokd n hkn mkvzavohk a kf

dmkm za vm kmt n l}~vm z~ ok lhn a vohk~ heem zokd g hzm hz f oeemzmkv mpvmzkalovom~ ( n hv v akfvh zsm z, :33>/+

@mknm, ov o~ khv hkly v`m kavohkal smzehzgaknm v`av okel}mknm~ zmdohkal u}lkmzajolovy j}v

al~h v`m okf ouof}al zmd ohk ~ n asan ovom~ vh f ma l tov` v`m dlhjaloa vohk n `allmkd m+Ghzmhumz, nhzm'smzos`mzy akf n}g}lavoum na}~avohk v`mhzom~ ~}ddm~v v`av mpvmzkaln hg sm vovohk n ak mpan mzja vm okn hg m okmq}a lovom~ (Em~mz, :33>/+

Mpo~vokd nhkvzoj}vohk~ (Umkajlm~, 1??02 E}iova akf @}, :3312 Gmazfhk, :3312 Gak~hzo, :33>/,

jma zokd ok gokf v`m zmlmuakv ~}j'ka vohka l foeemzmkn m~, ofmkvoey v`m ehllht okd s a vvmzk~ t`on`azm v`m zm~}lv~ he v`m ajhum gmkvohkmf eanvhz~ fmvmzgokokd v`m zmdohkal nasanovom~ vh

n hs m tov` dlhja loavohk9' Khzv` Tm~vmzk zmdohk~ azm n`azanvmzo~mf jy `od` mgslhygmkv, mf}navohk akf

szhf}n vouovy akf azm v`}~ aj lm vh n hs m t ov` dlhja loavohk

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

' h} v` a kf Ma~vmzk zmd ohk~ a zm n`a zan vm zo~mf jy lht th zbehznm ~boll lmuml~ akf jy

~smnoaloavohk ok lht ual}m affmf anvouovom~, zm~}lvokd ok a `od` fmdzmm heu}lkmzajolovy

' All zmd ohk~ tov` ga ihz }zjak nmkvzm~ aum v`m n asan ovom~, ok vmzg~ he `}gak nas ova lakf af uakn mf an vouovom~, vh zma s v`m hs sh zv}kovom~ he d lhja loavohk

V m szh~smzovy h e v`m lad d okd zmd ohk~ toll fmsmkf ok a n z}n oal ta y hk s hlony meeh zv~ vh n lh~mv`m das ok vmzg~ he v`m ajhum gmkvohkmf eanvhz~ t`on` fmvmzgokm v`m nasanovom~ vhmpslhov dlhjaloavohk hsshzv}kovom~+

Akhv`mz zmlmuakv o~~}m ehz v`m M] o~ `ht akf av t`av sanm v`m gaok M}zhsmak

kmod`jh}zokd nh}kvzom~ toll fmumlhs akf toll okvmdzavm tov` v`m M] mnhkhgy9 okfmmf, v`mfmumlhsg mkv h e v`m ~va vm~ he v`m ehzg mz huomv ]kohk (dhhf mn hkhg on sm zehzg akn m~,og shzvakv hee~`hzm ~h}znokd lhn a vohk, zmlmua kv ka v}za l zm~h}zn m~ mkf htgmkv/, V}zbmy a kfv`m Jalbak~ (zmlavoumly `od` dzhtv` zavm~, ogshzvakv hee~`hzm ~h}znokd lhnavohk, ea~v dzhtokdZ%F okum~vgmkv~/, akf Gofflm Ma~v akf Khzv` Aezonak zmdohk~ (`od` dzhtv` zavm~,

ogshzvakv hee~`hzm ~h}znokd lhnavohk, mpnm~~ ~auokd~ okum~vmf ok eokaknoal gazbmv~/ (FDZMDOH, :33?2 n hv v, 1??0/ zms zm~mkv og shzvakv hsshzv}kovom~ ehz nhzshzavm M}zhsm a kf n akal~h `aum sh~ovoum ogsanv~ hk M}zhsmak ~hnoal nh`m~ohk tov` ~smnoal zmemzmknm vh lhtmz'okn hg m zmd ohk~ ok Ma~vmzk a kf h}v`mzk M}zhs m+

:+:+: Fmghd zas`on N`akdmDmkmzal emav}zm~

Shs}lavohk ~vz}nv}zm akf vzmkf~ azm bmy eanvhz~ ok zmdohkal mnhkhgon akf ~hnoalfmumlhsgmkv+ Savvmzk~ he louokd akf thzbokd nhkfovohk~ ok v`m M] akf ov~ zmdohk~ azm

~odkoeon akvly okel}mkn mf j y v`moz fmg hd zas`y+ Szm~mkv zmd ohka l fmum lhsg mkv sa vvmzk~ akfshvmkvoal azm fmvmzgokmf jy v`m mpvmkv vh t`on` v`m thzb ehznm nak ~}~vaok oknhgm

dzhtv` ok a q}a kvova voum a~ tmll a~ a q}a lovavoum ta y, akf allht~ v`m a n n m~~ vh v`m laj h}zgazbmv he yh}kd akf ~bollmf t hzbmz~+ A zmlmuakv k}g jmz he ~v}f om~ aum j mmk fmuh vmf vhogszhum v`m }kfmz~vakfokd he v`m zmdohkal fmghdzas`on ~vz}nv}zm~ akf lhkd vmzg vzmkf~,a~ tm ll a~ he v`moz og san v~+V m lovmza v}zm `a~ ofmkvoeomf v`zmm g a ok fmg hdzas`on vzak~ovohk s`a ~m~ t`on` `a um ~ asm f

v`m lhkd vmzg vzmkf~ ok sh s}lavohk n`akdm ok M}zhs m9' V m eoz~v fmg hd zas`on vzak~ovohk f m~n zojm~ v`m ~`oev ezhg ` od` j ozv` akf f ma v` za vm~

vh a kmt mq }olojzo}g n `azan vmzomf jy lht jozv` akf fma v` zavm ~+' V m ~mn hkf fmg hdzas`on vzak~ovohk lmaf~ vh zaf on al n `akdm ~ ok v`m louokd

azzakdmgmkv~ akf savvmzk~ he eagoly ehzgavohk t`on` ok gh~v na~m~ `a~ lmf vh lhtemzvolovy akf a ~`zokbokd shs}lavohk (uak fm Baa akf Lm~v`amd`m, 1?05/+

' A v`ozf fmghdzas`on vzak~ovohk s`a~m ofmkvoeomf jy Nhlmgak (:335/ akf F+ Gymz~mgs`a~o~m~ oggodzavohk9 lht emzvolovy nhgjokmf tov` `od` oggodzavohk lmaf vh azasof n`akdm ok v`m nhgsh~ovohk he v`m shs}lavohk, na}~mf fozmnvly akf okfozmnvlyjy oggodzavohk4+

4 T`mzma~ Nhlmgak mual}avm~ v`m nhk~mq}mknm~ he v`o~ vzak~ovohk kmdavoumly, Gymz~ mgs`a~om~v`m kmmf ehz v`m okvmdzavohk he oggodzakv~ akf v`m mpsak~ohk he mf}navohkal hsshzv}kovom~ ehzv`mg+ Ov o~ th zv` khvokd v`av godza vohk a kf n`a kdm~ ok v`m nhgs h~ovohk he v`m s hs}lavohk a zm ok sazv

ak okmuovajlm nhk~mq}mknm he dlhjaloavohk2 a~ ~vzm~~mf jy v`m OHG Thzlf Godzavohk Zmshzv :330,nhkvmgshzazy godzavohk, m~smnoally lajh}z godzavohk, o~ ~vzonvly zmlavmf vh dlhjaloavohk akf v`o~ `a~lmf vh ak }kszmnmfmkvmf nhkvmpv ok t`on` `}gak ghjolovy ~mmb~ vh eokf mpszm~~ohk hk a dlhjal

~nalm+

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

Ok zmnmkv ymaz~, akaly~o~ he M] fmghdzas`on ~vz}nv}zm~ akf vzmkf~ `a~ jmmk nazzomf h}v av

jh v` kavohkal a kf zmdohkal lmuml+Ok M}zhsm, v`m gh~v zmlmuakv emav}zm he v`m fmghdzas`on n`allmkdm o~ nhk~ofmzmf vh jmshs}lavohk admokd tov` ov~ ogsanv~ hk v`m lajh}z gazbmv, szhf}nvouovy akf mnhkhgondzhtv`, ~hn oa l ~mn }zovy a kf s}j lon eokakn m~ (Nhg go~~ohk Nhg g}kon a vohk NH G, :335/0+

V m s zhn m~~m~ jm`okf shs }lavohk admokd a kf ov~ og san v~ a zm f o~n }~~mf jy v`m Nhg go~~ohk(MN :334/9 n`akdm~ ok emzvolovy akf ghzvalovy a~ tmll a~ vzmkf~ ok godzavohk? azm akaly~mfvhdmv`mz tov` v`m oz }kf mzlyokd s zhn m~~m~+Ak KOFO (Kmv`mzlakf~ Okvmzfo~noslokazy Fmghdzas`on Ok~vov}vm/ zmshzv nhk~ofmz~ v`mfmghdzas`on vzmkf~ ok v`m smz~smnvoum he v`m loem nynlm ~vz}nv}zmf jy v`m jm`auoh}z heokfouof}al~, nh}slm~, eagolom~ hz `h}~m`hlf~, akf v`m ~hnoal nhkvmpv he v`o~ jm`auoh}z (uak

Kog tm dmk a kf Jmmv~ :335/+ V m zms hzv aka ly~m~ jhv` v`m th zbokd akf zmvozmg mkv s`a~m hea loem nynlm, v`m lavvmz ok zmlavohk vh ~hnoal szhvmnvohk, v`m smk~ohk ~y~vmg akf v`m `malv`nazm ~y~vmg+

Zmlmuakv akaly~m~ hk shs}lavohk ~nmkazoh~ ehz v`m :1~v nmkv}zy tmzm szm~mkvmf av v`m

M}zhs ma k Shs }lavohk Nh kemzmknm 1???9' Uak fm Baa (1???/ `od`lod`v~ v`m `o~vhzonal zhhv~ he fmghdzas`on vzmkf~ akf

`mvmzhdmkm ovy ag hkd M}zhs ma k kavohk~' Lmzofhk (1???/ ~vzm~~m~ v`m zmnmkv zmuhl}vohk ok M}zhsm zmdazfokd emzvolovy akf v`m

ua zoh}~ a~smn v~ (n`olflm~~km~~, fm ~ozm ehz n `olfzmk a kf ofmal k}g jm z he n `olfzmk/ h e ov~~vmms fm nlokm+

' Dm~akh (1???/ fo~n}~~m~ v`m vzmkf~ ok mnhkhgon anvouovy akf v`m zhlm he}kmgslhygmkv

' Hbl~bo (1???/ ehn }~m~ hk :1~v nmkv}zy e}v}zm godzavohk elht~ vhtazf~ M}zhsm jyaf hs vokd a za v`mz lojm zal ~n mka zoh+ Ok ean v akf a~ alzmaf y khvmf aj hum , godzavohkokelht~ zman`mf ak }kszmnmfmkvmf lmuml ok ~mumzal M}zhsmak nh}kvzom~ ok v`m eoz~v

yma z~ he v`m :1~v

nmkv}zy+

Zmlmuaknm ehz zmdohkal fo~sa zovom~

V m eoz~v fmg hd zas`on vzak~ovohk t a~ n `a zan vm zo~mf jy }koehzgovy ok ov~ zmdohka l ogsan v2 v`m~mnhkf akf, mumk ghzm, v`m v`ozf vzak~ovohk azm gazbmf jy zmdohkal ~smnoeonovom~9 v`m

s`mkhgmkhk he oggodzavohk `okdm~ hk zmdohkal mnhkhgon akf ~hnoal fmumlhsgmkvnzmavokd hsshzv}kovom~ ehz oggodzakv~ akf, a~ a nhk~mq}mknm, v`m ~mnhkf akf v`ozfvzak~ovohk azm ghzm `mauoly fmsmkfmkv hk v`m ~hnoh'mnhkhgon akf ~hnoh'n}lv}zal emav}zm~he v`m zmd ohk~, v`moz aj olovy vh a vvzan v a kf okvmd za vm g odzakv~+

Fmg hd zas`on f ykag on~ ua zom~ mkh zgh}~ly an zh~~ v`m dlhjm+ A~ ~vzm~~mf ok v`m Nhgg o~~ohk

va ee Thzbokd Fhn }g mkv Zmd ohk~ :3:3 (MN :330a/ M}zhs m t ovkm~~m~ v`m n la ~ jmvtmmkov~ gh~vly admf fmghdzas`on ~y~vmg~ t`on` azm kht av azh}kf mzh'dzhtv` akf azm`mafokd vhtazf e}v}zm shs}lavohk fmnlokm, akf v`m yh}kd, ~voll ea~v dzhtokd shs}lavohk~ hekmod`j h}zokd n h}kvzom~+ }n ` f oeemzmkv vzmkf~ a zm mpsmn vmf vh za o~m hs sh~ovm ~hn oh'

mn hkhg on szhj lmg~ hk v`m vt h ~of m~ he v`m Gmf ovmzzakma k ma +

0 Nh gg o~~ohk h e v`m M}zhs ma k Nh gg}kovom~ (:335/+ V m fmg hd zas`on e}v}zm h e M}zhs m ezhgn`a llmkd m vh hssh zv}kovy+ NHG(:335/ =41+? hg m fa va h k godzavohk j a~mf h k m~voga vm~ s zmsa zmf jy v`m ]K Shs }lavohk Fouo~ohk azm

zmshzvmf9 >?,=?> v`h}~akf khk'kavohkal~ azm louokd (:33=/ ok v`m nh}kvzom~ he v`m M}zhsmak ]kohk(M]:4/, t`on` zmszm~mkv~ 0+>- he v`m vhval shs}lavohk+ Ok v`m ehllhtokd nh}kvzom~ v`m khk'kavohkal~zmszm~mkvmf ghzm v`ak 13 - he v`m vhval shs}lavohk9 L}pmgjh}zd, Lavuoa, M~vhkoa, A}~vzoa, Ozmlakf,

Dmzgaky, tmf mk, sa ok, Ezakn m akf v`m Kmv`mzlakf~

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

V m f oumz~ovy he f mg hd zas `on ~vz}n v}zm~ akf vzmkf ~ an zh~~ M}zhs m o~ oll}~vzavmf ok v`m

fmg hdzas `on a vla~ he v`m M}zhs ma k zmd ohk~ (K]V : akf K]V >/ (M SHK :330, 5/ humz v`mla~v 13 ymaz~9

' Ma~v'Tm~v shlazo~avohk jmvtmmk zmdohk~ tov` shs}lavohk dzhtv` akf zmdohk~aeemnvmf jy sh s}lavohk fmn lokm+

' Gh~v he v`m zmdohk~ tov` dzhtokd shs}lavohk~ azm lhnavmf ok v`m Nmkvzal'Tm~vmzk

sazv he M}zhs m, ok v`m h}v`m zk sazv he v`m Khzf on n h}kvzom~ akf On mlakf +' hg m zmd ohk~ tm ll mkf ht mf tov` ag mkovom~ ok Dzmmnm a kf Nys z}~, a~ tm ll a~ v`m

oggmfoavm ~}zzh}kfokd~ he nasoval novy zmdohk~ ok Ma~vmzk M}zhsm zmumal a sh~ovoumshs }lavohk fmumlhsgm kv+

' h} v`mzk M}zhs ma k zmd ohk~ a zm n `azan vm zo~mf jy lht akf lhtm ~v'lht emzvolovy ok

n hkv za~v t ov` nh}kvzom~ hk v`m h}v`mzk akf Ma~vmzk zog~ he v`m Gm f ovmzzakma k mat`m zm f mg hd zas`on f ykag on ~ a zm ~voll od`+

Godzavhzy g humgmkv~ aum j mmk a g aok fmvmzg okakv he f mg hdzas`on n `akdm ok zmn mkvyma z~ ok v`m M}zhsma k zmd ohk~+ V m Ma~v'Tm~v shla zo~a vohk he f mg hd zas`on n `akdm

n`allmkdm~ v`m hjimnvoum he vmzzovhzoal nh`m~ohk9 v`m zmdohk~ mpsmzomknokd shs}lavohkfmnlokm azm nhknmkvzavmf ok Ma~vmzk akf Khzv`mzk M}zhsm 13 A kmdavoum godzavohkjalaknm o~ gaokly hj~mzumf ok gaky zmdohk~ ok Ma~vmzk M}zhsm, ok sazvon}laz ok M~vhkoa,La vuoa, Lov`}a koa, Zhg akoa a kf J}lda zoa + V o~ ~ov}a vohk o~ sazvon }la zly uo~ojlm ok ~hg m o~hla vmfz}zal zmd ohk~ akf ehzgm z okf }~vzoal a zma ~ ok Shlakf (~}n ` a ~ olm~oa/ a kf Zhg akoa+ Zmd ohk~tov` a sh~ovoum g odza vhzy jala kn m a zm v`m n as ova l zmd ohk~, hs `oa, Taz~at, Uolko}~, Zodaakf ok aff ovohk v`m zmd ohk he Ua zka + (M SHK :330/+

Ok affovohk, v`m meemnv~ he okvmzzmdohkal akf okvmzkavohkal kmv godzavohk nhgjokm vhdm kmzavm f o~sazovom~ ok v`m zmd ohka l godza vhzy ja lakn m~9

' V m Ma~vmzk akf Khzv`mzk M}zhsma k zmdohk~ tov` kmda voum km v g odza vohk a zm lh~okd

sh s}lavohk vh kavohkal mn hkhg on akf sh lovon al n mkvzm~ akf hv`mz M}zhs ma k zmdohk~' M}zhsmak zmdohk~ tov` a sh~ovoum godzavohk jalaknm fmsmkf hk okelht~ ezhg hv`mz

M}zhsma k zmd ohk~ akf g odzavohk elht~ ezhg Khk'M] n h}kvzom~+

Ok gh~v na~m~ ak akaly~o~ he v`m godzavohk elht~ akf he v`m ~mlmnvohk szhnm~~ jy t`on`

godzakv~ ~mlmn v v`m oz zmd ohka l fm~voka vohk o~ khv gaf m sh~~ojlm h k aua olaj lm fa va 11+

T`mzma~ zmnmkv fmghdzas`on n`akdm~ ok gh~v }zjak zmdohk~ o~ sh~ovoum (0=-/, v`m zmghvmz}zal zmd ohk~ f h kh v ~`ht a ~og olaz vzmkf (MS HK :330/+ @htmumz, ~hg m n ovom~ ok Ma~vDmzgaky akf ok Ma~vmzk M}zhsm azm aeemnvmf jy v`m hssh~ovm s`mkhgmkhk he ~`zokbokd

n ovom~ , f}m vh v`m lh~~ he v`m oz mn hkhg on ja~m+

A zmnmkv zmshzv ezhg v`m Jmzlok'Ok~vov}v (:330/ nla~~oeom~ v`m M}zhsmak zmdohk~ hk v`m ja~o~ hev`moz mn hkhg on akf fmghd zas `on s mzehzgakn m+ V m a~sm n v~ he f mghdzas `onsmzehzg akn m a zm s hs }lavohk dzht v` (M}zhs m t oll khv zmv}zk vh d zht v`/, emzvolovy lmuml~ (kmmf

shlonom~ vh ~}~vaok annhzfaknm jmvtmmk thzb akf eagoly loem/, mnhkhgy akf lajh}z(q}aloeonavohk~ akf ~boll~ a~ bmy uazoajlm~ ehz a eaoz mnhkhgon dzhtv`/, shs}lavohk admokdakf ~hnoal shlony (~hlofazovy jmvtmmk dmkmzavohk~/, godzavohk akf okvmdzavohk (oggodzavohkkmnm~~azy ehz zmdohkal mnhkhgon dzhtv` ok ak admokd ~hnomvy, okvmdzavohk v`zh}d` `}gakn as oval ehzg avohk/, mf }na vohk (v`m ehzg avohk he `}ga k n as oval a~ a dzhtv` shvmkvoal/+ V m

13 Ok v`o~ nhkvmpv v`m n}zzmkv vzmkf he M] godzavohk shlony vhtazf~ ~vzhkdmz sazvkmz~`os~ tov`

nh}kvzom~ he h zodok o~ th zv` gmkvohkokd+11 Ehz mpagslm, yh}kd akf tmll vzaokmf godzakv~ azm avvzanvmf jy v`m ghzm szh~smzh}~ akfmn hkh gona lly fyka gon zmdohk~, t`mzma~ zmvozmm~ akf hlfmz godzakv~ azm a vvzan vmf jy zmd ohk~ tov` a

zmlavoumly eauh}zaj lm n logavm akf tm ll mq}oss mf a gmkovom~+

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

zms hzv lhhb~ av gm vzhs hlovak a zma ~ a~ v`m f mghdzas `on akf mn hkhg on dzhtv` n mkvzm~ ok

M}zhsm2 t`olm sazafhponally fmghdzas`on shlonom~ (M] tofm akf kavohkal/ azm khv lokbmfvh lhn al, }zja k akf zmd ohkal shlon om~1:+

:+:+> Nlogavm n `akdmDmkmzal emav}zm~

Nlogavm n`akdm o~ a ~mzoh}~ o~~}m akf toll `aum ~mumzm akf av v`m ~agm vogm`mvmzhdmkmh}~ meemnv~ hk v`m nh}kvzom~ ok v`m thzlf+ A gaok shokv he nhknmzk ehz akynh}kvzy o~ v`av nlogavm n`akdm o~ a g}lvofogmk~ohkal s`mkhgmkhk, akf a~ ~}n` ov~kmdavoum meemnv~ nh}lf jm thz~m v`ak v`m meemnv~ he aky hv`mz n`allmkdm+ Ghzmhumz, vhfma l tov` v`m zo~b~ he n log a vm n `akdm ~}n n m~~e}lly, nh}kvzom~ kmmf vh n hh smzavm akf ehllhta nhgghk ~vzavmdy2 oe a ~okdlm nh}kvzy hz dzh}s he nh}kvzom~ vabm ~hlovazy anvohk vhgovodavm nlogavm szhjlmg~, v`o~ gay ~voll khv jm ~}eeonomkv vh auhof v`m kmdavoumn hk~mq }mkn m~ mumk t ov`ok ov~ htk jh }kfa zom~ f}m vh v`m og sh zvakn m h e dlhja l kmda voum

~soll'humz+A~ aky hv`mz sazv he v`m thzlf, M}zhsm toll jm aeemnvmf jy nlogavm n`akdm annhzfokd vhman` zmdohk~ nlogavon hkm+ @mknm, doumk v`m g}lvofogmk~ohkal n`azanvmzo~von~ he v`m

n`allmkdm, M}zhsm toll ~og}lvakmh}~ly `aum vh nhsm tov` khv hkly hkm j}v a lazdm k}gjmzhe n`allmkdm~ zmlavmf vh nloga vm n `akdm+V m t azgokd vzmkf v`zh}d`h}v M}zhs m o~ tmll m~va j lo~ mf (Aln agh m v a l+, :3342 MMA, :330/2hk a umzad m, }s vh :334 ok v`m M}zhs ma k lakf a zma v`m vmg smzav}zm okn zma ~mf jy 1+: Najhum szm'okf }~vzoal lmuml~+ Gh zmhumz, jmvtmmk 1??5 akf :334 0 yma z~ jmlhkd vh v`m 1:

ta zg m~v yma z~ zmn hzfm f ~okn m 10=3+

V m vmzk Zmu omt Zms hzv (:334/ `od`lod`v~ v`a v v`m n hg slmpovy he v`m n logavm n `akdm

emav}zm~ toll szhf}nm ~mumzal dlhjal n`allmkdm~ t`on` toll aeemnv all m~~mkvoal a~smnv~ heloem9

' Tavmz9 v`m ogsanv he nlogavm n`akdm o~ gh~v ~vzhkdly emlv v`zh}d` n`akdm~ ok v`mf o~vzoj}vohk h e ta vmz azh}kf v`m th zlf a kf ov~ ~ma ~hka l akf akk}a l uazoajolovy1>+

' Ehh f9 mumk ~g all ag h}kv~ he t a zgokd lmaf vh fmn lokm~ ok yomlf+' @ma lv`9 n logavm n `akdm okn zma ~m~ v`m k}g jmz he fma v`~ ezhg g alk}vzovohk, f o~ma ~m~

akf `ma v ~vzm~~ ok v`m th zlf

' Lakf9 zo~okd ~ma lmuml~ oknzma~m v`m agh}kv he lakf lh~v akf smhslm fo~slanmf f}mvh smzgakmkv ok}kfavohk

' Okeza~vz}nv}zm9 nh~v~ he okeza~vz}nv}zm fagadm oknzma~m2 v`atokd tmabmk~ ~holnhkfovohk~ akf na}~m~ ~}j~ofmknm he j}olfokd~ akf okeza~vz}nv}zm

' Mnh~y~vmg~ akf johfoumz~ovy9 dlhjal tazgokd fozmnvly aeemnv~ mnh~y~vmg~ (m+d+

~smn om~ aum j mmk ghuokd sh lm ta zf~, ~ma ~hka l mumkv~, ~}n ` a~ elhtm zokd h z md d 'layokd/

' Mpvzmg m tmav`mz mumkv~9 n logavm n `akdm o~ lobmly vh oknzma ~m v`m n h~v~ og sh~mf jymumkv~ ~}n` a~ `mav taum~, ~mumzm elhhf~, fzh}d`v~ akf ~vhzg~ t`on` hnn}z ghzmhevmk

1: @hljan`'Dzgod a kf Vzas s (:335/ mgs`a~o~m v`m ua zoaj olovy h e v`m f mgh dzas`on n`a kdm ~ avlhnal lmuml akf v`m ogshzvaknm he v`m ~savoal nhkvmpv+ Ok v`moz ~v}fy v`m nhk~mq}mknm~ he v`m

fmghdzas`on vzmkf zmemz vh ~smnoeon shlony eomlf~ lobm ~hnoal ~mzuonm~, ~savoal slakkokd, mgslhygmkvakf ~hn oal mpnl}~ohk1> Nloga vm n `akd m t oll alvmz sa vvmzk~ he t avmz auaolajolovy j y okvmk~oeyokd v`m ta vmz nyn lm+ Fzh}d `v~

akf elhhf ~ toll jmn hg m gh zm ~mumzm ok gaky azma~

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^ykv`m~o~ 1>

O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

@mknm, ok nhkvza~v vh gaky hv`mz n`allmkdm~, fzagavon n`akdm~ ok thzlf nlogavm fh khv

hkly aeemnv h km a zma he s mhs lm~ loem a v a vogm , za v`mz, v`moz kmd avoum meemn v~ g ay v}zk h}vvh j m g}n ` th z~m v`a k v`m m eemnv~ he a ky hv`mz n `allmkdm, a~ ehz mpag slm dlhj alo~avohk hzmkmzdy o~~}m~+

V m t ofm zakd okd ogs an v he n log avm n `akdm d oum~ zo~m vh }kn mzvaokvom~ lokbmf vh v`m vogm~sak ok t`on ` meemn v~ toll vabm s lan m a ~ tm ll a~ hk v`m f ozmn v a kf okf ozmn v lokb~ jmvt mmk ov~emav}zm~, v`m n `aok he s`y~on al s `mkhgmka t`on` toll jm d mkmzavm f , v`moz og sa n v hk v`m~hn oal akf mn hkhg on mkuozhkgm kv h e v`m zmd ohk~+ V m OSNN smn oal Zms hzv hk Mgo~~ohkn mka zoh~ ( ZM , :331/ (v`m ja~m ehz g aky n log avm n `akdm akaly~o~/ `od`lod`v~ v`a v v`m

n}zzmkv lovmzav}zm akaly~o~ ~}ddm~v~ v`m e}v}zm o~ ok`mzmkvly }kszmfonvajlm akf ~h uomt~ toll

foeemz a~ vh t`on` he v`m ~vhzylokm~ akf zmszm~mkvavoum ~nmkazoh~ nh}lf jm ghzm hz lm~~lobmly

Nlogavm n`akdm aeemnv~ v`m fmumlhsmf a~ tmll a~ v`m fmumlhsokd thzlf tov` foeemzmkvemav}zm~ akf okvmk~ovy, t`on` ok v`m lavvmz toll jm ghzm ~mumzm, m~smnoally ok v`m ~h}v` he v`m

dlhjm j mn a}~m h e ov~ dmh dzas`on mpsh~}zm, lht oknhg m~, akf dzmavm z zmloakn m h k n loga vm~mk~ovoum ~mn vhz~+ Vhd mv`m z v`m~m g ma k v`a v ogs an v~ a zm s zhs hzvohka lly d zmavmz akf v`majolovy vh a fas v ~g allmz+

Zmlmuaknm ehz zmdohkal fo~sazovom~

V m lovmzav}zm `od`lod`v~ `ht v`m ogs an v~ he n log avm n `akd m g ay okel}mkn m v`m m n hkhg on ,~hn oal akf m kuozhkg mkval f ogmk~ohk h e h}z loem, akf }kfmzlokm~ v`a v v`m~m og san v~ a zm}kmq}ally fo~vzoj}vmf aghkd v`m M}zhsmak zmdohk~, fmsmkfokd hk v`m nlogavm zmdohk vht`on` v`my jmlhkd akf v`moz okvmzkal s`y~on al n`a zan vmzo~von~+

Szhimnvohk~ ~}ddm~v v`av tazgokd o~ vh jm dzmavm~v humz Ma~vmzk M}zhsm ok tokvmz akf humz

tm~vmzk akf ~h}v`mzk M}zhsm ok ~}ggmz (Alnagh mv al+, :3342 MMA, :330/+ A umzy lazdmoknzma~m ok ~}ggmz vmgsmzav}zm~ o~ mpsmnvmf ok v`m ~h}v`'tm~vmzk sazv~ he M}zhsm,mpnmmf okd 5N ok sazv~ he Ezakn m akf v`m Ojm zoak Smkok~}la+ Gma k a kk}al s zmn os ova vohk o~mpsmnvmf vh oknzma~m ok Khzv`mzk M}zhsm akf vh fmnzma~m e}zv`mz ~h}v`+ Ok dmkmzal, v`mog san v t oll jm `od`m~v ok h}v`m zk zmd ohk~ akf dzaf }ally fm n lokm vhta zf~ v`m khzv`+

A f m~n zos vohk h e v`m g a ok og san v~ hk M}zhs ma k zmd ohk~ ehllht ~+ V my `a um j mmk f ouofmfokvh vth jzhaf navmdhzom~ vh oll}~vzavm v`m uazyokd a~smnv~ v`av kmmf vh jm vabmk okvhannh}kv9

1+ Mn hkhg on akf ~hn oal ogs an v~' adzon}lv}zm a kf eo~ mzom~9 ~ hzvmkmf dzht okd ~ma ~hk lhn ally av ~h}v`mzk la vov}fm~ akf

lhkdmz dzhtokd ~ma~hk he ~mumzal adzon}lv}zal nzhs~ av khzv`mzk lavov}fm~16

+ V mdzma vm~v zmf }n vohk~ he a ll n zhs ~ a zm mpsmn vmf ok v`m G mf ovmzzakma k, v`m ~h}v`'tm ~vJalbak~ akf ok v`m ~h}v` h e M}zhsma k Z}~~oa+ Vmg smzav}zm oknzma ~m `a~ a g a ihzmeemnv hk eo~`mzom~ szhf}nvohk ok v`m Khzv` Avlakvon, na}~okd n`akdm~ ok v`m

fo~vzoj}vohk he ~smnom~, oknzma~mf zmnz}ovgmkv akf szhf}nvohk ok khzv`mzk tavmz~akf a g azbmf fm n zma ~m av v`m ~h}v`mzk mfdm h e n}zzmkv zakd m~

' mkmzdy9 a ~vzhkd oknzma~m ok nhhlokd zmq}ozmgmkv~ o~ zmshzvmf ehz nmkvzal akf~h}v`mzk M}zhsm2 tokvmzvogm `mavokd fmgakf o~ mpsmnvmf vh fmnzma~m ok Khzv`mzkM}zhsm a~ tmll a~ ok Ma~vmzk M}zhsm

' vzak~shzv9 mpvzmgm tmav`mz mumkv~ azm lobmly vh na}~m uazyokd fagadm vh v`mvzak~shzv ~y~vmg ~, tov` s azvon}la z zmlmuakn m eh z Khzv`mzk M}zhsm

16 @htm umz, vmn`khlhd ona l fmumlhsg mkv (m+d+, kmt n zhs uazomvom~ akf jm vvmz nzhssokd s zan vonm~/

god`v eaz h}vtm od` v`m meemn v~ he n logavm n`a kdm+

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O GMZO M]ZHSA Khum gjmz :33?

' vh}zo~g akf zmnzmavohk9 nhkfovohk~ ehz vh}zo~g azm mpsmnvmf vh ogszhum ok khzv`mzk

akf t m~vmzk M}zhs m2 `od`mz ~}gg mz vmg smzav}zm~ g ay lmaf vh a d zaf}al fmn zma ~mok ~}ggmz vh}zo~g ok v`m Gmfovmzzakmak j}v ak oknzma~m ok ~szokd akf smz`as~a}v}gk2 Als okm vh}zo~g toll `aum vh n `akdm ezhg tokvmz vh ~}gg mz ~ma ~hk~

' `}gak `malv`9 nlogavm n`akdm o~ lobmly vh oknzma~m v`m zo~b he ghzvalovy akf oki}zy

ezhg tokf ~vh zg~, ela~` elhhf ~ akf n ha ~va l elhhf okd2 v`m s h~~oj lm ~s zma f he f o~ma ~m~fms mkf ~ hk mazly fm vmn vohk a kf szmumkvoum g ma ~}zm~ ok slan m1=+

:+ Mkuozhkg mkva l ogsan v~' Tavmz9 fogoko~`mf dzh}kftavmz zmn`azdm o~ lobmly ok nmkvzal akf ma~vmzk M}zhsm,

tov` a dzmavmz zmf}nvohk ok uallmy~ akf lhtlakf~ (m+d+, ok v`m @}kdazoak

~vmssm~/(Alnag h m v a l+, :334/2 okn zma~m ok tokvmz zoumz elht~ akf fmn zma ~m ok ~}gg mzelht~ ok v`m Z okm, lhuaboak zoumz~, v`m Uh lda akf n mkv zal akf ma ~vmzk M}zhsm

' Nha~val akf gazokm ~y~vmg~9 e}zv`mz oknzma~m ok tokf ~smmf~ akf ~vhzg okvmk~ovy okv`m khzv`'ma~vmzk Avlakvon tov` a ~`oev he ~vhzg nmkvzm gapoga nlh~mz vh M}zhsmaknha~v~2 fmnlokm ok ~vhzgokm~~ akf tokf okvmk~ovy ma~vtazf~ okvh v`m Gmfovmzzakmak,

j}v tov` lhnalo~mf oknzma~mf ~vhzgokm~~ ok sazv~ he v`m Afzoavon, Amdmak akf Jlanb^ma~15' Nzyh~s`mzm, gh}kvaok~ akf ~}j'Aznvon zmdohk~9 M}zhsmak dlanomz~ azm gmlvokd

zasofly (sazvon}lazly ok v`m Als~/2 jozf~, ok~mnv~, gaggal~ akf hv`mz akogal dzh}s~azm al~h ghuokd khzv`tazf~ akf }s`oll14+ A nhgjokavohk he v`m zavm he nlogavmn `akdm, `aj ovav ezad g mkvavohk a kf hv`mz hj~van lm~ toll og smf m v`m gh umgmkv hegaky akogal ~smnom~, sh~~ojly lmafokd vh a szhdzm~~oum fmnlokm ok M}zhsmakj ohf oumz~ovy+ Azn von ~ma on m gay mum k f o~assma z a v v`m `m od`v he v`m gmlvokd ~ma ~hkok v`m nhgokd fmnafm~, nzmavokd a emmfjanb v`av toll e}zv`mz oknzma~m nlogavmn`akdm jmna}~m fazb hsmk tavmz zmelmnv~ g}n` lm~~ ~}klod`v v`ak t`ovm ~kht'nhumzmf ~}zeanm~

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