Regional and Social Dimensions of Innovation Systems: Development Strategies for BRICS Mariano...
-
Upload
leo-crawford -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Regional and Social Dimensions of Innovation Systems: Development Strategies for BRICS Mariano...
Regional and Social Dimensions of Regional and Social Dimensions of Innovation Systems: Development Innovation Systems: Development
Strategies for BRICSStrategies for BRICS
Mariano LaplaneMariano LaplaneNEIT/IE - UNICAMPNEIT/IE - UNICAMP
BRICS Project WorkshopBRICS Project WorkshopRio de Janeiro Abril de 2007Rio de Janeiro Abril de 2007
2/41
Share in World Exports 1960-2003Share in World Exports 1960-2003
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
%
IndiaChinaBrazilKorea, Rep.PolandRussian Federation
3/41
Export Composition - 2004 (%)
Brazil China India
Primary Products 32.6 3.2 15.6
Resource Intensive 21.9 6.9 29.8
Low Tech Intensity 11.0 39.2 35.5
Medium Tech Intensity 24.9 19.0 12.8
High Tech Intensity 7.9 30.5 5.4
Others 1.7 1.1 0.9
Total 100 100 100
4/41
* 1993 and 2003 Source: UNIDO
1995 2005Var 1995-2005
(%)Brazil 2.4 2.2 -8.3Russian Fed. 1.4 1.8 28.6India 1.0 1.2 20.0China 4.2 8.0 90.5South Africa 0.5 0.5 0.0Rep. of Korea 2.2 3.4 54.5USA* 21.2 23.3 9.9J apan 21.1 19.0 -10.0Mexico 1.0 1.1 10.0
BRICS and selected countries % in World MVA BRICS and selected countries % in World MVA
1995 and 20051995 and 2005
5/41
BRICS: MVA BRICS: MVA per capitaper capita (95’ constant S$) (95’ constant S$)
1995 and 20051995 and 2005
Source: UNIDO
1995 2005Var 1995-2005
(%)Brazil 873 941 7.8Russian Fed. 555 989 78.2India 62 92 48.4China 203 479 136.0South Africa 715 834 16.6Developed 5,089 5,870 15.3Developing 268 455 69.8
6/41
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Anos
Nº
de A
rtig
os
BRASIL
CHINA
INDIA
Cientific DevelopmentCientific Development
7/41
Brazil 4.647 2003
Russian Federation 5.534 2003
India 3.743 2001
China 18.601 2003
South Africa 710 2002
BRICS R&D Expenditures ($ millions)
8/41
BRICS: R&D Expenditure(% of GDP)
2000 2003 %)
Brazil 1,0 1,0 -0,9
Russian Federation 1,0 1,3 21,8
India 0,8 na -
China 1,0 1,3 31,1
South Africa na 0,8 -
High income: OECD 2,5 2,4 -1,0
9/41
BRICS Researchers in R&D(per million people)
Brazil 2000 344
Russian Federation 2004 3.319
India 1999 119
China 2004 708
South Africa 2001 307
High income: OECD 2002 3.804
10/41
BRICS and selected countries: stock of BRICS and selected countries: stock of patent applications, residents, 2001patent applications, residents, 2001
Number %Brazil 6,706 0.7
Russia 25,046 2.7India 234 0.0China 30,324 3.2
South Africa 175 0.0
Korea, Rep. 74,001 7.9
USA 190,907 20.3Japan 388,390 41.4
Mexico 594 0.1
World 939,267 100.0
11/41
BRICS: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2000)
1990 2004 2005 %)
Brazil 6.497 7.531 7.808 20,2
Russian Fed. 10.152 9.098 9.747 -4,0
India 1.701 2.907 3.118 83,3
China 1.597 5.419 5.878 268,1
South Africa 10.048 10.472 11.044 9,9
High income: OECD 23.076 29.411 29.997 30,0
12/41
BRICS and selected countries: BRICS and selected countries: Gini index/ social unequalityGini index/ social unequality
Is the highly unevenly distributed income a serious development problem for Brazil and South Africa? Is China increasing social unequality a problem for the future?
Source: UNDP
Most recent dataBrazil 59.3Russia 31.0India 32.5China 44.7South Africa 57.8Mexico 54.6Korea, Rep. 31.6USA 40.8Japan 24.9
13/41
BRICS: Urban population (% of total)
1995 2005 %)
Brazil 74,8 84,2 12,6
Russian Federation 73,4 73,0 -0,5
India 25,5 28,7 12,5
China 27,4 40,4 47,4
South Africa 52,0 59,3 14,0
14/41
BRICS: Poverty headcount ratio at $2 a day (% of population)
Brazil 21,7 2003
Russian Federation 13,5 2002
India 81,3 2000
China 46,7 2001
South Africa 34,1 2000
15/41
BRICS portrait: population, area, density, BRICS portrait: population, area, density, total and per capita domestic producttotal and per capita domestic product
Brazil 183.913 8.547.403 22 593.091 3.225
South Africa 47.208 1.221.037 39 212.777 4.507
China* 1.285.342 9.560.961 134 1.895.000 1.474
India 1.087.124 3.287.263 331 680.682 626
Russian Federation 143.899 17.075.400 8 582.319 4.047
* revised.
Source: UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, 2005.
Density inhabitants
per km2
Population Nominal GDP 2004
total per capitatotal 2004 thousands
Area km2