REGIONAL AFRICA · 2019-02-08 · farming in vast areas of sub-Saharan Africa, and it is a major...

RAF:GCP/RAF/502/ITA Terminal Report

FAO/GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME

IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BY SUPPORTING THE PROGRESSIVE

REDUCTION OF TSETSE-TRANSMITTED TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN THE FRAMEWORK

OF NEPAD (PHASE 2)

REGIONAL AFRICA: BURKINA FASO, ETHIOPIA, GHANA,

KENYA, MALI AND UGANDA

PROJECT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

ROME, 2019

RAF:GCP/RAF/502/ITA Terminal Report

FAO/GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME

IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA BY SUPPORTING THE PROGRESSIVE REDUCTION OF TSETSE-

TRANSMITTED TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF NEPAD (PHASE 2)

REGIONAL AFRICA: BURKINA FASO, ETHIOPIA, GHANA,

KENYA, MALI AND UGANDA

PROJECT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Report prepared for the participating governments

by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Rome, 2019

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

iii

The Food and Agriculture Organization is greatly indebted to all those who assisted in

the implementation of the project by providing information, advice and facilities.

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi A OVERVIEW 1 A.1 Project profile 1 A.2 Financial data in USD 2 A.3 Executive summary 2 B RELEVANCE 3 C ACHIEVEMENT OF RESULTS 6 D IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK PLAN AND BUDGET 12 E SUSTAINABILITY 14 F LESSONS LEARNED 17 G FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS 18 H GOVERNMENT ATTENTION 18 Appendix 1 LOGFRAME MATRIX - ACHIEVEMENT OF INDICATORS 19 Appendix 2 PROJECT STAFF 23 Appendix 3 TRAINING AND STUDY TOURS 24 Appendix 4 MAJOR ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT PROVIDED 30 Appendix 5 DOCUMENTS PRODUCED DURING THE PROJECT AND PRESENTATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS 31 Figure 1 Trypanosomosis-affected countries assisted by the project 6 Figure 2 LPF against tsetse flies and other biting and nuisance flies 8 Figure 3 Atlases of tsetse and African animal trypanosomosis 10 Figure 4 The Atlas of human African trypanosomosis (HAT, or sleeping sickness) 11

vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAT - African animal trypanosomosis AfDB - African Development Bank AU-IBAR - African Union/Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources AU-ISCTRC - African Union - International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control AU-PATTEC - African Union - Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement CIRDES - Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide CAADP - Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme DBMS - Database management system ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States g-HAT - Gambiense Human African Trypanosomosis GIS - Geographic Information System GPS - Global Positioning System HAT - Human African trypanosomosis IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency IBD-CETT - Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d'Eradication des mouches tsé-tsé et de la Trypanosomose (Burkina Faso) ISCTRC - International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control ITM - Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp LoA - Letter of Agreement LPF - Livestock Protective Fences LTO - Lead Technical Officer

vii

LTU - Lead Technical Unit KENTTEC - Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council NEPAD - New Partnership for Africa's Development NICETT - National Institute for the Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis (Ethiopia) NTDs - Neglected Tropical Diseases OIE - World Organisation for Animal Health PAAT - Programme Against African Trypanosomosis PCP - Progressive Control Pathway PLoS - Public Library of Science RAF - FAO Regional Office for Africa SFE - FAO Subregional Office for Eastern Africa SNNPR - Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (Ethiopia) T. b. - Trypanosoma brucei TCP - Technical Cooperation Programme TSS - Technical support services WHO - World Health Organization

A. OVERVIEW

A.1 PROJECT PROFILE

Country

Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali and Uganda

Project Symbol

GCP/RAF/502/ITA

Project Title

Improving food security in sub-Saharan Africa by supporting the progressive reduction of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in the framework of NEPAD (Phase 2)

Resource Partner

Government of Italy

Actual EOD

1 January 2016

Actual NTE

30 June 2018

Participating Organizations (e.g. Ministry of Agriculture, etc.)

Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (Ethiopia), Ministère de l'Elevage et de la Pêche (Mali), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (Kenya), Ministère des Ressources animales et halieutiques (Burkina Faso), Ministry of Agriculture, Animal industry and Fisheries (Uganda), Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Ghana), African Union - Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (AU-PATTEC), World Health Organization (WHO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Implementing Partners (List):

Name Type (NGO/Community Based Organization/Gov.)

Total Funds Transferred

National Institute for the Control and Eradication of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis (NICETT)

Governmental organization (Ethiopia): Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries

USD 35 664.62

Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC)

Governmental organization (Kenya): Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries

USD 47 775.18

Insectarium de Bobo-Dioulasso – Campagne d'Eradication des mouches tsé-tsé et de la Trypanosomose (IBD-CETT)

Governmental organization (Burkina Faso): Ministère des Ressources animales et halieutiques

USD 38 559.94

Contribution to FAO’s Strategic Framework Indicate the title of each higher level result to which the project contributes

Organizational Outcome(s)

201 - Producers and natural resource managers adopt practices that increase and improve agricultural sector production in a sustainable manner.

2

204 - Stakeholders make evidence-based decisions in the planning and management of the agricultural sectors and natural resources to support the transition to sustainable agricultural sector production systems through monitoring, statistics, assessment and analyses

Regional Priority Area/Initiative Regional Initiative 2 - Sustainable production intensification and commercialization through integrated management of agricultural landscapes

Country Programming Framework

Outcome(s)

Burkina Faso: The growth market agro-forest-pastoral, fishery and wildlife sectors are identified and supported (Priority Area 2 of CPF 2017-2020). Ethiopia: Livestock and fisheries production, productivity and commercialization improved (Priority 2, CPF 2016-2020). Kenya: i) Productivity of medium and small-scale agricultural producers increased, diversified and aligned to markets (CPF Outcome 2: 2014-2017); and ii) Improved management of land, water and other natural resources for enhanced food security and socio-economic development at national, county and community level (CPF Outcome 3: 2014-2017)

UNDAF Outcome(s) Not directly applicable, in that it is a regional project

A.2 FINANCIAL DATA in USD1 (as at: 10 January 2019)

Budget USD 1 000 000

A.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease affecting both humans and

animals. Because of its severe impact on livestock, it also hinders crop-livestock mixed

farming in vast areas of sub-Saharan Africa, and it is a major constraint to food security.

The project benefited smallholder livestock keepers and veterinary authorities in

28 African countries affected by the disease, with a focus on Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana,

Kenya, Mali and Uganda. Project activities comprised: i) the piloting of an innovative tool for

disease control in the field (i.e. Livestock Protective Fences [LPF]); and ii) disease risk

mapping and information management for improved, evidence-based decision-making.

Field activities were implemented in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Kenya.

Approximately 20 000 m2 of protective nets (i.e. LPF) were deployed in

1 Data source: FPMIS/ Data Warehouse

3

555 livestock-keeping households to protect animals against tsetse flies and other biting and

nuisance flies. The impact of the interventions included reduced fly infestation and disease

incidence, and increased meat and milk production. In addition, as a result of its capacity to

kill mosquitoes, the LPF had an impact on the occurrence of malaria. All field activities were

implemented by the national authorities in charge of trypanosomosis control, so they also

contributed to institutional capacity development.

Disease risk mapping and information management for evidence-based decision-making

were enhanced through a wide range of activities. National Atlases/Information Systems were

developed, focusing on the geographic distribution of tsetse and African animal

trypanosomosis (AAT). The Atlases were completed in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Mali

and Zimbabwe, and initiated in Ethiopia and Uganda. The FAO Continental Atlas of tsetse

and AAT was enhanced, with 18 AAT-affected countries mapped.

The project was strongly focused on capacity development, with an emphasis on disease

risk mapping and data management. Four national training courses were held, as well as

13 national training workshops. Seven regional training courses and workshops were also

organized in collaboration with key partners (i.e. African Union - Pan African Tsetse and

Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign [AU-PATTEC], International Atomic Energy Agency

[IAEA], World Health Organization [WHO], and other FAO offices and units). See

Appendix 3 for all details on capacity development activities.

Collaboration with, and support to key international stakeholders enabled the project to

extend its reach. The FAO Project Officer was based at the AU headquarters in Addis Ababa

(Ethiopia) to enhance synergies with PATTEC. The latter also received some project support

for its coordinating role at the African level. The longstanding collaboration with the WHO

was also strengthened, with a focus on the continuous improvement and regular updating of

the Atlas of human African trypanosomosis (HAT). During the project, the Atlas of HAT was

updated to the years 2015 and 2016. Support to the WHO was also provided by the project in

the fields of capacity building for HAT-affected countries (three regional/national training

courses), and epidemiological analysis for monitoring the HAT elimination process.

B. RELEVANCE

The problem

Livestock contributes to the livelihoods of approximately 70 percent of the world’s

poor, and there is an increasing demand for livestock products for the growing and more

affluent populations of many developing countries, particularly in Africa. In this context,

4

livestock diseases in general, and tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis in particular, pose major

constraints to increased, sustained animal productivity in vast and fertile areas of sub-Saharan

Africa. African trypanosomosis affects 39 countries, many of which are among the poorest in

the world. It is estimated that trypanosomosis causes losses that can be measured in billions of

dollars every year, including both direct losses in livestock production and productivity, and

indirect losses in the crop sector, owing to reduced animal traction.

The magnitude of the trypanosomosis problem is recognized by the New Partnership for

Africa’s Development (NEPAD) programme for agriculture, the Comprehensive Africa

Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), and it is also demonstrated by the

establishment of the AU-PATTEC.

The human form of the disease (i.e. HAT, or sleeping sickness) is a rare disease today,

but one that still holds the potential for devastating epidemics. Substantial efforts in the past

twenty years have drastically reduced the prevalence of HAT, and it is now targeted for

elimination as a public health problem by the WHO, as stated in its Neglected Tropical

Diseases (NTDs) road map for 2020.

Despite the high-level political commitment and sizable investment, and against the

backdrop of great progress towards HAT elimination, success in controlling AAT has been

limited over the past 15 years. In particular, in early 2000, the African Development Bank

(AfDB) provided funding to Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali and Uganda

(approximately USD 70 million) with the objective of creating sustainable tsetse and

trypanosomosis-free areas. Although progress was made in certain countries, the objective

was not achieved.

Key reasons for the lack of progress in AAT control include the following:

i) suboptimal capacities within the veterinary services; ii) the lack of epidemiological

information systems at the national level for sound, evidence-based decision-making; and

iii) the limited availability of quality, adapted and affordable control tools.

The response

In an effort to address the identified problems, FAO implemented the first phase of the

project between November 2012 and December 2015 (GTFS/RAF/474/ITA, “Improving food

security in sub-Saharan Africa by supporting the progressive reduction of tsetse-transmitted

trypanosomosis in the framework of the NEPAD”). This project (GCP/RAF/502/ITA,

January 2016 – June 2018) represented the second phase, and aimed to: i) strengthen the

capacity of beneficiary countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali and Uganda),

other trypanosomosis-affected countries, and FAO partners (AU-PATTEC, WHO and IAEA)

5

to enable them to better address the problems posed by, and reduce the burden of

tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis; ii) implement field interventions in selected areas of

Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Kenya to promote livestock production and productivity;

iii) enhance management, analysis and dissemination of tsetse, AAT and HAT data at the

continental and national level for improved decision-making; and iv) provide technical

assistance to AAT-affected countries for the development of analytical studies and plans for

field interventions. An additional, cross-sectional objective was implemented in order to

provide gender-balanced opportunities, both in field activities and in capacity development.

The strategy for capacity development (Output 1: In-country capacity for

trypanosomosis risk assessment and evidence-based planning, implementation, monitoring

and evaluation of field interventions against African trypanosomosis strengthened, with focus

on data management and analysis for decision-making) focused on a combination of training

courses, technical workshops and remote assistance (e-mail, skype, etc.). Field interventions

(Output 2: Field interventions to promote livestock production and productivity through

integrated animal production and health packages in Ethiopia, Kenya and Burkina Faso

implemented) focused on the piloting of the innovative LPF for the control of

trypanosomosis-transmitting tsetse flies and other nuisance flies. The field interventions were

implemented by the national governmental counterparts from the mandated ministries,

through Letters of Agreement (LoA). Data management and analysis for decision-making

(Output 3: Management, analysis and dissemination of tsetse, AAT and HAT data at the

continental and national level for improved decision-making strengthened) were enhanced

through the development of national and continental Atlases of tsetse and AAT, and the

continuous updating and upgrading of the Atlas of HAT (a WHO/FAO initiative). A new

PAAT website was also developed (www.fao.org/paat). A range of analytical studies were

developed through technical assistance missions and remote assistance (Output 4: Technical

assistance to trypanosomosis-affected countries and other stakeholders for the development of

analytical studies and plans/project proposals for field interventions provided); and a balanced

gender participation was promoted in all project activities (Output 5: Gender gap in response

to the burden caused by the tsetse-trypanosomosis problem to animal health and production is

narrowed through increased and balanced gender equality opportunity). All project activities

were implemented in close collaboration with the national governmental authorities and

international stakeholders, most notably WHO, IAEA and AU-PATTEC, as well international

research institutes (e.g. Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp [ITM], Centre de Coopération

Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement [French Agricultural

Research Centre for International Development - CIRAD]).

6

C. ACHIEVEMENT OF RESULTS

Results achieved

Outcome

In addition to the six project countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali,

and Uganda), 24 countries (Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic,

Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,

Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan,

United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe) were assisted through the

implementation of regional activities, such as regional training courses/workshops, the

continental Atlas of tsetse and AAT and the continental Atlas of HAT. Project countries and

other assisted countries are mapped in Figure 1 below.

In addition, three key international stakeholders were assisted (AU-PATTEC, WHO and

IAEA), as well as two international research institutes (CIRAD and ITM).

Figure 1: Trypanosomosis-affected countries assisted by the project

Output 1: In-country capacity for trypanosomosis risk assessment and evidence-based planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of field interventions against African trypanosomosis strengthened, with focus on data management and analysis for decision-making

Capacity development was fully delivered (see Appendix 3). Through eight national

training courses and national stakeholders’ workshops (Activity 1.1: One country-level

training course [or workshop] conducted in each of the six project countries), 237 people from

7

the six project countries were trained on various aspects of data management for

evidence-based decision-making in trypanosomosis control. Emphasis was placed on the

development of national Atlases of tsetse and AAT, Geographic Information Systems (GIS),

Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and database management systems (DBMS). The key role

these tools played in the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for AAT2 was also stressed.

Seven regional training courses or workshops organized by partners and stakeholders

were also supported (Activity 1.2: Support provided to training activities organized and/or led

by AU-PATTEC, WHO, IAEA or national authorities in affected countries). These enabled

the project to contribute to the training of an additional 137 members of staff from both the

six project countries and an additional 22 affected countries3. These regional events supported

by the project were organized by FAO partners (WHO, AU-PATTEC, IAEA), as well as by

other FAO offices and units involved in trypanosomosis control (the Rome-based FAO

Secretariat of PAAT and the FAO Subregional Office for Eastern Africa [SFE]). The training

activities organized in collaboration with the WHO focused on the use of the Atlas of HAT to

better plan disease elimination activities, while the workshops jointly organized by the FAO

Secretariat of PAAT, FAO-SFE, IAEA and AU-PATTEC focused on the PCP for AAT.

Capacity was further developed during technical assistance missions (described in detail

in Output 4), and through regular remote assistance (e-mail, skype, etc.).

Output 2: Field interventions to promote livestock production and productivity through integrated animal production and health packages in Ethiopia, Kenya and Burkina Faso implemented

Overall, Output 2 was delivered beyond expectations, with a higher-than-planned

number of livestock owners/households benefiting from the LPF (i.e. 555, instead of the

planned 270). The impacts of the interventions included a reduction in the number of biting

and nuisance flies (including tsetse), an increase in the meat and milk production of livestock,

and a reduction in malaria and its vectors.

In Ethiopia (Activity 2.1: Field interventions to promote livestock production and

productivity through integrated animal production and health packages in Ethiopia),

335 livestock owners/households benefited from the LPF technology in four districts (Zala,

Demba Gofa and Humbo) of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region

(SNNPR). To this end, 5 000 m2 of LPF were procured by FAO. Key activities included a

2 Diall, Cecchi et al. Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. Trends in parasitology, 2017, 33(7). p. 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.005. 3 Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

8

sensitization workshop for governmental officials, training of beneficiaries and animal health

professionals, the construction of fences and deployment of LPF, the collection of baseline

and monitoring data, and an assessment of LPF impact.

In Kenya (Activity 2.2: Field interventions to promote livestock production and

productivity through integrated animal production and health packages in Kenya),

140 livestock owners/households benefited from the LPF technology in six counties’ districts

(Kilifi, Kwale, Homabay, Siaya, Bungoma and Narok). A total of 10 000 m2 of LPF were

procured by KENTTEC with their own financial resources. Key activities included three

sensitization workshops, the training of 150 farmers, the construction of fences and

deployment of LPF, and the monitoring of their impact. The intervention was successful in

reducing the densities of biting flies and in increasing the weight of the animals and the

production of milk. A general reduction in mosquito-borne malaria was also observed.

In Burkina Faso (Activity 2.3: Field interventions to promote livestock production and

productivity through integrated animal production and health packages in Burkina Faso),

80 livestock owners/households benefited from the LPF technology in the area of Bama, in

the southwest of the country. To this end, 4 000 m2 of LPF were procured by FAO. Key

activities included the deployment of LPF and monitoring of their impact, including the

impact on mosquito populations. A clear reduction in the number of biting flies was observed

in the intervention sites, and livestock production in the LPF-protected units was significantly

higher than in the control (i.e. non-protected) units. Farmers indicated their appreciation for

the LPF technology, and requested that the LPF be made more readily available for possible

upscale.

Ethiopia Kenya Burkina Faso

Figure 2: LPF against tsetse flies and other biting and nuisance flies

9

Output 3: Management, analysis and dissemination of tsetse, AAT and HAT data at the continental and national level for improved decision-making strengthened

The continental Atlas of tsetse and AAT (Activity 3.1: The continental Atlas of tsetse

and AAT completed) was substantially advanced, but not fully completed. The Atlas was

based on epidemiological and entomological information from scientific publications from

1990 onwards4-5. During the project, tsetse and AAT were mapped for a total of 18 countries

(Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of

the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia,

Senegal and Togo), by using data from over 150 scientific publications.

The development of national Atlases of tsetse and AAT (Activity 3.2: Development of

national Atlases of tsetse and AAT assisted) was assisted in the six project countries through

training sessions, workshops, technical assistance missions and provision of equipment

(i.e. GPS as well as desktop and laptop computers, see Appendix 4). Remote assistance was

particularly relevant, with extensive e-mail and skype communications. Four of six project

countries completed the development of national Atlases (i.e. Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya

and Mali), while in both Ethiopia and Uganda activities are still in progress. Through the

collaboration with IAEA, Zimbabwe was also assisted, and the country is on its way to

completing its national Atlas. Nine publications were developed, in collaboration with

partners, to disseminate information on tsetse and AAT risk (see Appendix 5). Examples of

maps generated through the national Atlases of tsetse and AAT are shown in Figure on the

following page.

4 Cecchi et al., Assembling a geospatial database of tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomosis for Africa. Parasites & Vectors, 2014. 7: p. 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-39 5 Cecchi et al., Developing a continental atlas of the distribution and trypanosomal infection of tsetse flies (Glossina species). Parasites & Vectors, 2015. 8: p. 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0898-y

10

Mali

Kenya

Burkina Faso

Zimbabwe

Figure 3: Atlases of tsetse and African animal trypanosomosis

The regular updating and upgrading of the WHO-led Atlas of HAT was supported

(Activity 3.3: Regular update and upgrade of the WHO-led Atlas of HAT supported).

Epidemiological data for the years 2015 and 2016 were processed and included in the

database. Comprehensive HAT data were processed for the 19 endemic countries regularly

reporting on HAT (Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,

Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea,

Guinea-Bissau, Malawi, Nigeria, South Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia

and Zimbabwe). Support was provided to the WHO for data analysis and the development and

calculation of indicators of HAT elimination (i.e. HAT risk assessment, estimation of

coverage of HAT surveillance and treatment activities, modelling of HAT prevalence and

underreporting, exploration of animal reservoir of gambiense HAT [g-HAT]). Four scientific

publications were developed to disseminate the results of the analyses on HAT epidemiology

and elimination (see Appendix 5).

11

Figure 4: The Atlas of human African trypanosomosis (HAT, or sleeping sickness). Period 2012-2016.

Source: Franco et al., 2018.

In addition to publications, project results, achievements and lessons learned were

disseminated through presentations and participation in 15 international conferences and

meetings (Activity 3.4: Dissemination of information through publications, meetings and

conferences ensured [see the full list in Appendix 5]). It is noteworthy that in the vast majority

of cases the cost for FAO participation was covered by the conference organizers, thus

demonstrating the high priority attached to FAO participation and to the relevance of FAO

work and expertise. Finally, the new website of PAAT was also developed

(www.fao.org/paat).

Output 4: Technical assistance to trypanosomosis-affected countries and other stakeholders for the development of analytical studies and plans/project proposals for field interventions provided

A total of 12 technical assistance missions were carried out in project countries

(Activity 4.1: Technical assistance missions to trypanosomosis-affected countries to support

the development of analytical studies and plans/project proposals for field interventions

conducted); and four national and regional workshops were supported (Activity 4.2: Support

to national and/or regional workshops on the development of analytical studies and

plans/project proposals for field interventions provided), to improve various aspects of tsetse

12

and AAT control, from planning to execution and monitoring. Eight analytical studies related

to AAT were supported. The revision of two national strategies against tsetse and AAT (in

Kenya and Mali) was assisted, with a view towards streamlining the principles of the PCP for

AAT. The development of a full project document was supported for a FAO Technical

Cooperation Programme (TCP) project in Ethiopia (budget: USD 237 000), to promote the

PCP for AAT at the national level. The TCP was approved for FAO funding on 13 June 2018,

and will be implemented for a period of two years (until 30 June 2020).

Output 5: Gender gap in response to the burden caused by the tsetse-trypanosomosis problem to animal health and production is narrowed through increased and balanced gender equality opportunity

The project met the needs of both men and women. In field activities for increased

livestock production, attention was given to the selection and the needs of beneficiaries of

both genders, and in the capacity-building/technical assistance activities efforts were made to

promote a balanced participation.

The results of the project interventions benefited women and men equitably. In

particular, at the level of institutional decision-making, high-level training and technical

support was given in equal measure to both genders, while efforts were made to promote a

balanced participation at the basic levels of capacity building (despite a general gender

imbalance in the entomological and veterinary technical areas). Through the field activities

aimed at increasing livestock production, both men and women farmers benefited in

substantially equal measure.

D. IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK PLAN AND BUDGET

Work plan and budget

Regarding the work plan, all activities were implemented in a timely manner and within

the available budget of USD 1 000 000 provided by the resource partner, the Government of

Italy. In addition, the number and scope of project activities were increased, as a result of

extensive cost-sharing with beneficiaries and partner institutions. The additional external

contributions in cash and in kind were estimated at USD 150 000.

One six-month no-cost extension was implemented to make up for a short delay in the

full availability of financial resources at project inception, and a small budget revision was

carried out to reflect minor implementation adjustments. The no-cost extension and budget

13

revision were approved by the resource partner. Procurement (both of IT material and LPF for

field interventions) was carried out without challenges or delays.

Regarding the main project outcome (i.e. number of countries and stakeholders

assisted), 35 were reached (as compared with the 20 planned). Collaborative activities with

stakeholders at the regional level enabled this higher number of beneficiary countries and

stakeholders to be reached. Regarding the project outputs, the target for all indicators were

achieved or overachieved (for details see Appendix 1).

With regard to field activities against AAT, these were implemented by partners

through LoAs in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Ethiopia. In the first two countries, the LoAs were

completed by 31 December 2017, as planned. In Ethiopia, some delays were encountered;

thus the activities were completed during the six-month project extension period.

Direct support to AU-PATTEC was provided by contributing financially to the

participation of selected national coordinators to the PATTEC Coordinators’ meeting held in

2016 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and in 2017 in Livingstone, Zambia.

Technical support services (TSS) were provided by both the FAO Regional Office for

Africa (RAF)-based Lead Technical Officer ([LTO] Accra, Ghana) and by the

headquarters-based Lead Technical Unit (LTU) Officer (Rome, Italy). For the former, TSS

focused on a five-day mission on the occasion of the 34th General Conference of the AU

International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control (ISCTRC) and the

16th PATTEC coordinators meeting (10-15 September 2017, Livingstone, Zambia). For the

latter, TSS focused on a five-day mission to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (25 March-1 April 2018).

Risk management

Project risks were effectively managed (e.g. possible impact of a changing security

context and other external events on the timeliness of implementation, etc.), resulting in all

activities being implemented as planned. The expected environmental and social risks caused

by the project were minimal, and no unexpected risks occurred during the project

14

E. SUSTAINABILITY

a. Capacity development

Relevant policies and legal frameworks supporting the sustainability of the project outcome

In all project countries, as well as at the international United Nations (UN)/AU level,

policies are in place to promote sustainability in AAT control (and therefore, in project

achievements). In particular, the project-assisted development of the PCP for AAT has

recently provided a more robust framework to ensure sustainability. Some countries have

already started to embed the PCP principles in their national policies, but more proactive

actions will be needed to attain this goal.

Project embedding in organizational structures that are likely to survive beyond the project, and that are committed to sustainability of results

The project was embedded in a range of organizational structures that would survive

beyond the project, and that were committed to sustainability of results. First and foremost, all

project activities at the national level contributed to strengthening national authorities in

charge of trypanosomosis control, which are firmly embedded in national

structures/competent ministries.

In addition, the project was carried out in the framework of PAAT, an international

alliance that has collaborated with FAO, WHO, IAEA and African Union/Interafrican Bureau

for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) since 1997, and many other stakeholders in the fight

against tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis. The project also assisted the efforts of the

AU-PATTEC, which has brought together African states since 2000 to eliminate tsetse and

trypanosomosis from the continent. Concerning the project’s contribution to the elimination

of sleeping sickness, especially through the development, regular updating and dissemination

of the Atlas of HAT, the WHO and a broad network, it aimed to achieve the goal of

eliminating HAT as a public health problem by 2020, and to eliminate altogether the

transmission of g-HAT by 2030.

Partnerships and alliances created or strengthened that will contribute to the project’s sustainability

The project strengthened a number of partnerships and alliances, most of which have

been forged over many decades of FAO activities against AAT, and especially over the past

20 years in the framework of PAAT. In particular, the project strengthened the partnerships

with AU-PATTEC, WHO, IAEA, CIRAD, the Centre International de

15

Recherche-Développement sur l'Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES, Burkina Faso), ITM,

and the International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya.

Project exit strategy and follow-up actions

All project activities contributed to promoting various components of the PCP for AAT.

A broader and deeper inclusion of the PCP principles and practices in the national strategies

and activities against AAT is the main envisaged follow-up action. To this end, capacity was

built, and pilot activities were carried out. FAO will continue supporting project countries and

other AAT-affected countries in this endeavour, in the framework of its statutory activities

within PAAT and through new possible projects.

b. Gender equality

See Output 5 above.

c. Environmental sustainability

By supporting the progressive reduction of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis, the

project contributed to a more balanced utilization of natural resources. In particular, by

freeing access to fertile tsetse-infested areas, trypanosomosis control reduces the pressure

from overgrazing, which is common in many tsetse-free areas, and it promotes a more

sustainable livestock-crop agriculture. In addition, the project tool of choice for the reduction

of the AAT burden was the innovative and user and environmentally friendly LPF

technology.

d. Technological sustainability

Appropriate and flexible technologies used or introduced by the project

The project promoted the use of low-cost, high-impact technologies that greatly

contribute to sustainability. In the field of data management and GIS for decision-making,

strong emphasis was put on freeware, open source software (namely Quantum GIS -

http://www.qgis.org), as well as on public domain datasets. Through this strategy, GIS can be

installed on all computers and laptops as needed, without any cost for software or licences.

Regarding field interventions to improve livestock production and productivity, the low-cost,

innovative LPF technology met the needs of farmers, who also demonstrated their capability

to use it and requested that the tool be made more easily available for upscaling.

16

Project contribution to the development of local knowledge/capacity/resources/ good practices

The development of local capacity was the main project pillar, and it was extensively

pursued through a variety of approaches, including i) formal training courses, ii) on-the-job

training workshops; and iii) collaborative activities with a training component. Through

national and regional training courses, participants from over 20 African countries were

trained on data management and GIS for improved decision-making in field interventions

against trypanosomosis. On-the-job training was provided through technical workshops.

Collaborative activities with a training component involved several countries, which also

resulted in a number of peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which were led by

national counterparts. Support was also provided for advanced training courses (M.Sc. and

Ph.D. level) for selected beneficiaries.

Capacity of stakeholders and beneficiaries to pursue project activities without further technical assistance

Extensive training and capacity building greatly enhanced the capacities of beneficiaries

and stakeholders to pursue project activities without further technical assistance. However, it

is recommended that donor funding be actively sought to provide further assistance, to ensure

that the full potential of the project activities is reaped.

e. Economic sustainability

Additional financial resources allocated/mobilized to the sector or subsector programme, as a result of the project

The main indicator of economic sustainability was the direct contribution to project

activities by beneficiaries and stakeholders. The in-cash contribution was estimated at

approximately USD 150 000, and it included inputs for training courses, workshops and

meetings, as well as data management, analysis and dissemination. This contribution can be

considered as equally provided by WHO, IAEA and AU, and trypanosomosis-affected

African countries. The in-kind contribution also included the human resources from

beneficiaries and stakeholders involved in the implementation of the project.

In addition, farmers involved in the LPF trials directly invested in the piloting of the

technology, for example by building fences to support LPF, reportedly investing far in excess

the value of the donated netting material. Finally, farmers’ willingness to pay for the

technology was widely reported as an additional indicator of potential economic

sustainability.

17

F. LESSONS LEARNED

LESSONS LEARNED – elements of success

Three good practices contributed to the success of the project: i) partnerships;

ii) emphasis on innovative, affordable and user and environmentally friendly technologies;

and iii) capillary dissemination of project results.

1. Strong and strategic partnerships underpinned all project activities. At the

international level, the project closely coordinated and directly collaborated with the

AU-PATTEC, WHO, IAEA, and with a number of research institutes involved in

tsetse and trypanosomosis control and elimination. The partnerships were facilitated

by the PAAT framework, and they enabled cost-sharing, promoted technical

synergies and coherence and harmonization of efforts, ensured political backing, and

avoided redundancies.

2. Innovative, user-friendly and affordable technologies were readily taken up by

beneficiaries and partners, including freeware, open source GIS software for

decision-making and LPF technology for field interventions, aimed at poverty

reduction and increased food security.

3. The extensive dissemination of project results was ensured through open access

scientific publications, presentations in conferences, participation in technical

meetings, and the new PAAT website. This strategy ensured capillary dissemination

and unrestricted access to the innovative project achievements (multiplier effect).

Further information can be found in

Fact Sheet “Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for African Animal Trypanosomosis

(AAT)” FAO Resilience Good Practices - Food Chain Threats.

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7587e.pdf

The list of project publications and dissemination activities in Appendix 5.

New PAAT website (www.fao.org/paat).

LESSONS LEARNED – impediments/constraints

No major impediments or constraints to project implementation were encountered. As

mentioned above, it was necessary to extend the project from 24 to 30 months (through a

six-month no-cost extension) to complete all the project activities, partly because of the

delayed availability of financial resources, and partly because of minor delays in

implementation.

18

G. FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS

The project achieved important results, but the problem of tsetse-transmitted

trypanosomosis is far from being solved, both in the six project countries and in sub-Saharan

Africa at large. Therefore, there is still a strong need to improve food security and reduce

poverty by supporting affected countries in progressively reducing the burden of AAT, and in

reducing its impact on poor farmers. To achieve this goal, actions at various levels are needed,

from the field (i.e. poor livestock keepers) to the national and international level (i.e. capacity

and policy development).

In the field, interventions to reduce poverty and increase livestock production in

trypanosomosis-affected areas need to be supported by promoting farmers and

community-based approaches. In-country capacity for the progressive control of

trypanosomosis should be strengthened, from the central level (veterinary services) to the

peripheral level (smallholders, public and private veterinarians, etc.). An assessment of the

PCP status needs to be carried out for all AAT-affected countries, and PCP-smart road maps,

strategies and projects should be developed. It is also recommended that awareness of the

neglected problem of AAT be raised with decision-makers. In addition, it is advised that

synergies be exploited, and mutual support and collaboration strengthened, with a focus on

the key international stakeholders (WHO, IAEA, AU-PATTEC).

FAO developed the PCP for AAT (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.005) to

provide strategic guidance in these endeavours, and the main follow-up action at FAO level

will be the roll-out of the PCP. Efforts are being made to mobilize extrabudgetary resources to

this end, while regular FAO funding will enable core activities to be maintained in all events.

H. GOVERNMENT ATTENTION

Specific Findings and Recommendations for Government Attention

The governments of the six project countries, as well as those of a range of other

sub-Saharan countries, should maintain, and if possible increase their commitment to the

progressive control of trypanosomosis, including financial and human resources. It is

recommended that the PCP for AAT be promoted and rolled out in all countries, with a view

to providing strategic guidance to present and future efforts against AAT.

19

Appendix 1

LOGFRAME MATRIX - ACHIEVEMENT OF INDICATORS

Results chain

Indicators

If not achieved, explain why

If applicable/ follow-up

action to be taken

Indicators Baseline

End target (expected value at project

completion)

Achieved

Impact1 Contribution to FAO Strategic Objective 2 (i.e. Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner)

Project Outcome The capacity of beneficiary countries (Ethiopia, Mali, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Uganda and Ghana), other trypanosomosis-affected countries, and FAO partners (AU-PATTEC, WHO and IAEA) is strengthened, enabling them to better address the problems posed by, and reduce the burden of, tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis

Number of countries and stakeholders assisted

N/A 20 352

1 The impact level should always reflect the higher programmatic outcome to which the project contributes. For example, at the country level, this is expressed as the CPF outcome to which the project contributes and can also reflect other elements of impact that are defined at a higher programmatic level (UNDAF/national goal/FAO Strategic Framework). 2 Eight countries were assisted directly (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Uganda, Sudan, Zimbabwe), 22 were assisted indirectly through regional activities such as regional training courses/workshops, the continental Atlas of tsetse and AAT and the continental Atlas of HAT (Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo and Zambia). Three key international stakeholders were assisted (AU-PATTEC, WHO and IAEA), as well as two international research institutes (CIRAD and ITM).

20

Results chain

Indicators



action to be taken

Indicators Baseline


completion)

Achieved

Output (1) In-country capacity for trypanosomosis risk assessment and evidence-based planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of field interventions against African trypanosomosis strengthened, with focus on data management and analysis for decision-making

1.1 Number of national and/or regional training courses/workshops on geospatial analysis and GIS for decision-making organized and/or conducted

N/A 6 83

1.2 Number of national and/or regional training courses organized by partners and stakeholders supported

N/A 4 74

Output (2) Field interventions to promote livestock production and productivity through integrated animal production and health packages in Ethiopia, Kenya and Burkina Faso implemented

2.1 Number of livestock owning households benefiting from innovative animal production and health packages in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Kenya

N/A 270 5555

Output (3) Management, analysis and

3.1 Number and type of analytical studies developed

N/A 4 86

3 Burkina Faso (1), Ethiopia (1), Ghana (1), Kenya (2), Mali (2) and Uganda (2). See also Appendix 3: National Training Courses and National Stakeholders Workshops. 4 See Appendix 3: Regional training courses and workshops (in collaboration with partners). 5 Ethiopia (335), Kenya (140) and Burkina Faso (80). The difference in the number of beneficiaries is mainly related to the physical size of the livestock-keeping structure to be protected, and to the availability of LPF (10 000 m2 in Kenya, 5 000 in Ethiopia, and 4 000 in Burkina Faso) 6 See Appendix 5: Documents produced during the project – ‘Animal Trypanosomosis’.

21

Results chain

Indicators



action to be taken

Indicators Baseline


completion)

Achieved

dissemination of tsetse, AAT and HAT data at the continental and national level for improved decision-making strengthened

and disseminated in the context of the Atlas of tsetse and AAT 3.2 Number and type of analytical studies developed and disseminated in the context of the Atlas of HAT

N/A 4 47

Output (4) Technical assistance to trypanosomosis-affected countries and other stakeholders for the development of analytical studies and plans/project proposals for field interventions provided

4.1 Number of technical assistance missions carried out to support improved planning, execution, monitoring and evaluation of field interventions

N/A 3 138

4.2 Number of national and/or regional workshops on the development plans/project proposals for field interventions organized or supported

N/A 4 49

4.3 Number of analytical studies promoted and/or supported for improved

N/A 6 910

7 See Appendix 5: Documents produced during the project - ‘Human Trypanosomosis’. 8 Burkina Faso (2), Ghana (2), Kenya (2), Mali (3), Uganda (2), Zimbabwe (2). In Ethiopia no mission was required, as it was the duty station of the Project Officer, and several meetings for technical assistance were held. 9 Mali (1), Eastern Africa (2), Western Africa (1). See also Appendix 4: Regional training courses and workshops (in collaboration with partners) and National Stakeholders Workshops. These workshops also contributed to Indicators 1.1 and 1.2. 10 See Appendix 2: Documents produced during the project – ‘Animal Trypanosomosis’. These studies also contributed to Indicator 3.1.

22

Results chain

Indicators



action to be taken

Indicators Baseline


completion)

Achieved

planning, execution and monitoring of field interventions

Output (5) Gender gap in response to the burden caused by the tsetse-trypanosomosis problem to animal health and production is narrowed through increased and balanced gender equality opportunity

5.1 Number of men and women participating in capacity-building activities and in field application of the LPF technology

N/A N/A Capacity building (focal point for the Atlases of tsetse and AAT: 45% women. Training courses: 30% women. Field activities: Kenya 50% women (in Ethiopia and Burkina Faso disaggregation was not possible)

23

Appendix 2

PROJECT STAFF Name Function Dates of Service Starting Date Concluding Date

International staff Giuliano Cecchi Project Officer 1 Jan. 2016 30 June 2018 International Consultant Massimo Paone* Data management and analysis 2 May 2016 28 April 2017 1 March 2018 30 June 2018 National staff Yemesrach Kebede Programme Assistant 13 July 2016 30 June 2018 Personal Service Agreements Zakaria Bocoum Tsetse and trypanosomosis specialist 5 Sept. 2016 30 Sept. 2016 Enrico Masci Web-based document management 1 Feb. 2018 30 June 2018 Ginevra Virgili Web design 1 Feb. 2018 31 May 2018 *The cost and time of the International Consultant (Massimo Paone) were shared between the present project (GCP/RAF/502/ITA) and FAO Regular Budget for PAAT.

24

Appendix 3

TRAINING AND STUDY TOURS

National training courses Trainees Title Place Date

24 Data collection and management to support the development of an Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Uganda

Mukono, Uganda

27-30 March 2017

25 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT

Nairobi, Kenya

30 November – 1 December 2017

20 GPS Applications and GIS Data Management systems for Tsetse Control Programmes

Pong-Tamale, Ghana

18-20 April 2018

25 Tsetse and animal trypanosomosis data management and geospatial analysis

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

23-27 April 2018

Mukono, Uganda, 27-30 March 2017 Nairobi, Kenya, 30 November – 1 December 2017

Pong-Tamale, Ghana, 18 – 20 April 2018 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23-27 April 2018

25

National stakeholders’ workshops Participants Title Place Date 44 Validation workshop for the national strategy

and five-year work plan for the control of tsetse and AAT

Bamako, Mali 26-28 October 2016


Nairobi, Kenya 23 February 2017


Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

6-8 February 2018


Bamako, Mali 9 March 2018

Nairobi, Kenya, 23 February 2017 Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, 6-8 February 2018

Bamako, Mali, 9 March 2018

26

National training workshops Trainees Title Place Date 2 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT

in Zimbabwe Harare, Zimbabwe 11-15 April 2016

2 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Ghana

Accra, Ghana 12-16 September 2016

1 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Uganda

Kampala, Uganda 7-11 November 2016

2 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Kenya

Nairobi, Kenya 20-24 February 2017

3 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Mali

Bamako, Mali 20-24 February 2017

2 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Burkina Faso


17-21 April 2017

3 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Ghana

Accra, Ghana 17-21 July 2017

3 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Uganda

Kampala, Uganda 17-18 August 2017


Bamako, Mali 25-29 September 2017

2 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Zimbabwe

Harare, Zimbabwe 9-13 October 2017

1 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Burkina Faso


5 February 2018


Bamako, Mali 5-8 March 2018

1 Development of a national Atlas of tsetse and AAT in Kenya

Rome, Italy 18-22 June 2018

Accra, Ghana, 12-16 September 2016 Bamako, Mali, 20-24 February 2017

27

Bamako, Mali, 25-29 September 2017 Bamako, Mali, 25-29 September 2017

Bamako, Mali, 5-8 March 2018 Rome, Italy, 18-22 June 2018

Regional training courses and workshops (in collaboration with partners)

Participants Countries Title Place Collaboration/ Partner

Date

23 8 i Towards a common framework for a long-term effective action against AAT in Eastern Africa


FAO Subregional Officer for Eastern Africa/AU PATTEC

30 November - 2 December 2016

18 9 ii Utilization of the Atlas of HAT

Brazzaville, Congo

WHO 5-9 December 2016

20 9 iii Strengthening National Planning in the Formulation and Implementation of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Intervention Programmes in Member States of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)


AU-PATTEC/IAEA/IBD-CETT

24-28 April 2017

28

Participants Countries Title Place Collaboration/ Partner

Date

19 9 iv

HAT control Kampala, Uganda

WHO 7-25 August 2017

23 8 v Assessing Progress made in Eastern Africa on Animal African Trypanomosis in relation with the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) and Regional Roadmap approach


FAO Subregional Officer for Eastern Africa/AU-PATTEC

21-23 November 2017

24 6 vi Ad hoc Meeting on the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for African animal trypanosomosis (AAT)

Rome, Italy FAO-PAAT 11-13 December 2017

10 5 vii Utilization of the Atlas of HAT


WHO 11-14 June 2018

i. Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, Sudan, South Sudan, Mali ii. Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Guinea

iii. Burkina Faso, Benin, Côte D’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo iv. Angola, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Malawi, South Sudan, and Uganda v. Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, Sudan, South Sudan

vi. Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zambia, Zimbabwe vii. Uganda, South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30 November-2 December 2016

Brazzaville, Congo, 5-9 December 2016

29

Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, 24-28 April 2017 Kampala, Uganda, 7-25 August 2017

Rome, Italy, 11-13 December 2017

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-14 June 2018

30

Appendix 4

MAJOR ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT PROVIDED Quantity Unit Item Beneficiary countries Cost

(USD)

8 unit Desktop Computer Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia

13 600

41 unit GPS Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda

11 480

5 unit Laptop Computer Mali, Ghana, Ethiopia 7 750

5 000 m2 Livestock Protective Fences

Ethiopia 6 510

4 000 m2 Livestock Protective Fences

Burkina Faso 6 200

31

Appendix 5

DOCUMENTS PRODUCED DURING THE PROJECT AND PRESENTATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS

Documents produced Animal trypanosomosis (9) Peer-reviewed scientific journals 2018 Drug quality analysis of isometamidium chloride hydrochloride and diminazene diaceturate used for the treatment of African animal trypanosomosis in West Africa. Bengaly et al., BMC veterinary research, 2018, 14(1):361. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1633-7. 2018 Assessing the greenhouse gas mitigation effect of removing bovine trypanosomiasis in Eastern Africa. MacLeod et al. Sustainability, 2018, 10(5):1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051633. 2018 Resistance to trypanocidal drugs in cattle populations of Zambezia Province, Mozambique. Mulandane et al. Parasitology Research, 2018, 117(2):429–436 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-017-5718-1. 2018 Aberrant use and poor quality of trypanocides: a risk for drug resistance in Gurage zone, south western Ethiopia. Tekle et al., BMC Veterinary Research, 2018, 14:4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1327-6. 2017 Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. Diall, Cecchi et al. Trends in parasitology, 2017, 33(7):499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.005. 2017 Cattle breeding, trypanosomosis prevalence and drug resistance in Northern Togo. Tchamdja et al. Veterinary Parasitology, 2017, 236:86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.008. 2016 Spatial distribution and trypanosome infection of tsetse flies in the sleeping sickness focus of Zimbabwe in Hurungwe District. Shereni et al. Parasites & Vectors, 2016, 9:605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1879-5. 2016 An Atlas of tsetse and bovine trypanosomosis in Sudan. Ahmed et al. Parasites & Vectors, 2016, 9:194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1485-6. Technical publications 2017 Intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in eastern Africa: mapping the costs and benefits. Shaw et al. Programme Against African Trypanosomiasis Technical and Scientific Series 11. FAO, Rome, Italy. ISSN 1020-7163. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7342e.pdf.

32

Human trypanosomosis (4) Peer-reviewed scientific journals 2018 Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: update to 2016. Franco, Cecchi et al. Public Library of Science (PLoS) Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2018, s12(12):e0006890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006890. 2018 Do cryptic reservoirs threaten gambiense-sleeping sickness elimination? Informal expert group on gambiense HAT reservoirs. Trends in Parasitology, 2018, 34(3):197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.11.008. 2018 Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: update to 2014 Franco, Cecchi et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017, 11(5):e0005585. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005585. 2017 Human African trypanosomiasis. Büscher et al. The Lancet, 2017, 390(10110):2397 2409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31510-6. Presentations at international conferences and meetings 2018 3rd WHO stakeholders meeting on gambiense human African trypanosomiasis elimination. 18-20 April 2018, Geneva, Switzerland. 2018 1st meeting of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) ad hoc group on African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) to develop a Terrestrial Animal Health Code chapter on AAT, 6-8 March 2018, Paris, France. 2018 3rd VectorNet Annual General Meeting. 27 February-1 March 2018. Antwerp, Belgium. The Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. 2018 Symposium on African Livestock Trypanosomes. 10-11 February 2018, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. The Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. 2018 Livestock Trypanosomiasis Conference, 26-27 February 2018, Bristol, United Kingdom. The Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. 2017 2nd Meeting of the WHO Human African Trypanosomiasis Elimination Technical Advisory Group (HAT-e-TAG). 15-17 November 2017, Geneva, Switzerland. 2017 34th General Conference of the African Union (AU) International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research and Control (ISCTRC) and 16th PATTEC coordinators meeting, 10-15 September 2017, Livingstone, Zambia. The Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for African animal trypanosomosis (AAT). 2017 3rd FAO–IAEA International Conference on Area-wide Management of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques. 22-26 May 2017, Vienna, Austria. A Staged, Progressive Pathway for the Control and Elimination of Tsetse-transmitted African Animal Trypanosomosis.

33

2017 Technical Meeting on the Epidemiology and Modelling of Gambian Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) Control. 27-29 March 2017, Warwick University, United Kingdom. Challenges in geospatial modelling of gambiense-HAT under-detection. 2017 2nd Expert Meeting on Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) gambiense human trypanotolerance and animal reservoir. 8-10 February 2017, Antwerp, Belgium. 2016 Workshop on the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) and Regional Roadmap approach: Towards a common framework for a long-term effective action against Animal African Trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa. 30 November-2 December 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. 2016 15th Meeting of Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) National Coordinators. 28-29 November 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis. 2016 1st Meeting of the WHO Human African Trypanosomiasis Elimination Technical Advisory Group (HAT-e-TAG). 23-25 November 2016, Geneva, Switzerland. 2016 1st Expert Meeting on T. b. gambiense human trypanotolerance and animal reservoir. 29 September-1 October 2016, Ile des Embiez, France. The animal reservoir of gambiense HAT: the role of FAO and the Programme Against African Trypanosomosis (PAAT). 2016 2nd WHO stakeholders meeting on gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. 21-23 March 2016, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2017-06/9789241511520-eng.pdf.

1. The role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Programme Against African Trypanosomosis (PAAT) in tsetse and trypanosomosis control.

2. Modelling the spatial distribution of undetected HAT cases.

REGIONAL AFRICA · 2019-02-08 · farming in vast areas of sub-Saharan Africa, and it is a major...

Documents

Transcript of REGIONAL AFRICA · 2019-02-08 · farming in vast areas of sub-Saharan Africa, and it is a major...