Region 5 Enforcement Approach
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Transcript of Region 5 Enforcement Approach
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Region 5 Enforcement Approach
George CzerniakJune 13, 2007
NACAA Enforcement and
Compliance Workshop
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TARGETED INVESTIGATIONS
• Don’t Try for Broad Coverage• Don’t Affirm Compliance• High Likelihood of Violation Where
Correction Will Result in Significant Emission Reduction
• Focus on Company, Sector, Rule
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CASE DISTRIBUTION
Referrals to DOJ in FY 2000
SIP/FIP39%
AIR TOXICS (HAPS)
10%
PSD/NSR33%
NSPS10%
CFC6%
TITLE V2%
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CASE DISTRIBUTION
Referrals to DOJ in FY 2003
SIP/FIP6%AIR TOXICS
(HAPS)2%
PSD/NSR7%
CFC83%
TITLE V2%
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CASE DISTRIBUTION
Referrals to DOJ in FY 2006
SIP/FIP24%
AIR TOXICS (HAPS)
20%
PSD/NSR6%
NSPS7%
FESOP1%
CFC13%
TITLE V29%
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ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT FROM FY 2006 CAA SETTLEMENTS
• Primary Environmental Benefit– Emission Reductions (142,942,912 lbs/yr)
• 98,828,033 lbs/yr Sulfur Dioxide• 13,628,951 lbs/yr Nitrogen Oxides• 10,468,625 lbs/yr Volatile Organic Compounds• 9,574,790 lbs/yr Carbon Monoxide• 6,946,758 lbs/yr Carbon Dioxide• 2,326,870 lbs/yr PM10 /Particulate Matter• 1,158,218 lbs/yr Hazardous Air Pollutants• 8,588 lbs/yr Chlorofluorocarbons• 2,079 lbs/yr Lead
– Federal Penalties Assessed - $4,512,447
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PORTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT IN SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS
– SEP Emission Reductions (11,667,767 lbs/yr)• 6,946,758 lbs/yr Carbon Dioxide• 4,071,210 lbs/yr Carbon Monoxide• 240,033 lbs/yr Sulfur Dioxide• 233,398 lbs/yr Hazardous Air Pollutants• 130,748 lbs/yr PM10 /Particulate Matter• 26,951 lbs/yr Nitrogen Oxides• 15,425 lbs/yr Volatile Organic Compounds• 2,079 lbs/yr Lead• 1,165 lbs/yr Chlorofluorocarbons
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TARGETING APPROACH
Theory of Violation
Develop Expertise
Work Through Company, Sector, Rule
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TARGETING EXAMPLES
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ACID PRODUCTION
THEORY:NSR
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ACID PRODUCTION PLANT DIAGRAM
DryingTower
Sulfur Burner
Air Blower
Converter
AbsorbingTower
Replaced 1986
Replaced 1994Demister
Oleum Tower
Economizer
PumpTankReplaced 1992 Pump
Tank
StackReplaced 1992
WasteHeatBoiler
WasteHeatBoiler
Steam Turbine
Air
PumpTank
CEM
Replaced 1992
95%-99%H2SO4
Oleum
Sulfur
93% Acid
Replaced 1996
Replaced 1993
Replaced 1989
Replaced 1989
Control Room
Replaced 1992
Sulfur Controler
Replaced 1992
Waste WaterDischargeReplaced 1992
Water WellsReplaced 1989
AbsorbingTowerCooler
Replaced 1986
Replaced 1985Replaced 1989
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ACID PRODUCTION
• Remedy– Sulfuric Acid Plants
• Wet Gas Scrubber• Double Contact Double Absorption System
Capable of Meeting an Emissions Limit of 1.5 lbs/ton
• Mist Elimination System Capable of Meeting Sulfuric Acid Mist Emission Rates of 0.15 lbs/ton or less
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ACID PRODUCTION
• Remedy (cont.)– Nitric Acid Plants
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)• Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NSCR), and/or• Extended Absorption System• Capable of Meeting NOx Emission Limits in the
Range of 0.3 to 0.6 lbs/ton
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ACID PRODUCTION
• Potential Environmental Results– 120,000 TPY of SO2
– 30,000 TPY of NOx• Current Status
– Two (2) Settlements• 6 Sulfuric Acid Plants• 1 Nitric Acid Plant
– Reductions:• 19,000 TPY SO2
• 200 TPY NOx• Sulfuric Acid Mist Reductions
– Settlement discussions continue with others
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PETROLEUM COKE
THEORY:NSR
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PETROLEUM COKE
• Affected Sectors– Cement– Iron and Steel– Coal Fired Boilers– Calcining
• Remedy – SO2 (Scrubbers) – NOx (SCR and SNCR) Controls
• Potential National Environmental Results– 160,000 TPY SO2 and NOx Reductions
• Current Status– One Global Negotiation in Progress, One On-going
Case, Two Investigations
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FLARING
THEORY:LESS SCRUTINY
FOCUS ON OPACITY
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FLARING
• Proper Operation– Pilot flame must be present– Sufficiently low exit velocity– Smokeless operation
• Steam or air commensurate with organics– Heat Content > (300 BTU/scf)
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FLARING
• Regulations – MACT
• General provisions 63.11(b)• Polymers & Resins, HON, Pharmaceuticals,
Refineries, etc.– NSPS
• General Provisions 60.18(b)• SOCMI, Polymers, Refineries, etc.
– SIP• State VOC reduction requirements• State permit requirements (e.g. 300 BTU)
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FLARING
• Violations– Heat Content lower than 300 BTU/scf
(63.11(b), 60.18(b))– Failure to use good air pollution control
practices by steam addition in excess of design parameters (63.6(e), 60.11(d))
• Specified by API and Flare Manufacturer• Typically near 1 lb steam/1 lb gas
– Destruction Efficiency Specified in SIP (95%)
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FLARING
• Remedy– Heat Content (BTU/scf) Instrument– Steam Addition Control Valve– Natural Gas Addition Control Valve– PLC So Heat Content Dictates Steam and
Natural Gas Addition Rates• Potential Environmental Benefits
– Increase In Destruction Efficiency at the Flare– Less VOC and HAPs Emissions
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FLARING
• Current Status– Batch Chemical Plant in SW Ohio
• 300 BTU/scf and oversteaming violations• NOV issued• > 560 TPY excess emissions
– Batch Chemical Plant in NW Ohio• 300 BTU/scf and oversteaming violations• NOV issued • ~ 12 TPY excess emissions
– Batch Chemical Plant in SE Ohio• $675,000 instrument upgrade for two flares in response to an
information request • < 5 TPY excess emissions
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CEM
THEORY:WRONG PERCEPTIONS
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Region 5 Percent Non-Exempt Excess Emissions (%) 2004-2005, SO2
Utilities
63892%
81%
30%
10%
91%
275%
30%
20%
51%3
0%
No Exceedances
0.01 - 0.19%
0.2 - 0.39%
0.4 - 0.59%
0.6 - 0.79%
0.8 - 0.99%
1 - 1.99%
2 - 2.99%
3 - 4.99%
>= 5%
CEM
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Region 5 Percent Non-Exempt Excess Emissions (%) 2004-2005, Opacity
Utilities
45130%
56638%
15811%
1369%
332%
705%
272%
262%
121% 3
0% No Exceedances
0.01 - 0.19%
0.2 - 0.39%
0.4 - 0.59%
0.6 - 0.79%
0.8 - 0.99%
1 - 1.99%
2 - 2.99%
3 - 4.99%
>= 5%
CEM
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Region 5 Percent Non-Exempt Excess Emissions (%) 2004-2005, SO2
Non-Utilities
44589%
112%
61%
61%
61%
71%
20%
31%
133%
31%
No Exceedances
0.01 - 0.19%
0.2 - 0.39%
0.4 - 0.59%
0.6 - 0.79%
0.8 - 0.99%
1 - 1.99%
2 - 2.99%
3 - 4.99%
>= 5%
CEM
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Region 5 Percent Non-Exempt Excess Emissions (%) 2004-2005, Opacity
Non-Utilities
54130%
1347%
563%
221%
92451%
261%58
3%
271%
241% 30
2% No Exceedances
0.01 - 0.19%
0.2 - 0.39%
0.4 - 0.59%
0.6 - 0.79%
0.8 - 0.99%
1 - 1.99%
2 - 2.99%
3 - 4.99%
>= 5%
CEM
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CEM
• Remedy– Continuous compliance– Fixing causes of excess emissions/CEMS downtime so
they don't happen again– Injunctive relief (redesigned/new control technology to
replace old/underdesigned controls)– SEPS
• Current Status– Seven Notices/Findings of Violation– ~ 100 Facilities Being Reviewed
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QUESTIONS