Region 1 Air Resource & Wilderness
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Transcript of Region 1 Air Resource & Wilderness
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Region 1 Air Resource & WildernessRegion 1 Air Resource & Wilderness
Thomas Dzomba – Air Fire & Aviation
Mark Story – Gallatin NF
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ObjectivesObjectives
Overview of Region 1 Air Program
AQRV/WAQV Monitoring & Results
Emerging Air Quality Issues
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Air Quality ResponsibilitiesAir Quality Responsibilities
meet state and National AQ standards
identify, monitor, protect AQRV’s
coordinate air quality and smoke management with Montana & Idaho DEQ’s, local AQ agencies, and EPA
NEPA disclosure of air quality related effects
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Region 1 Key Air Quality IssuesRegion 1 Key Air Quality Issues
Urban & Industrial Emissions
Oil/Gas Development
Regional Haze/Visibility
Prescribed and Wildfire Smoke
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Urban and Industrial Emissions
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Oil and Gas Development
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Regional Haze/VisibilityRegional Haze/Visibility
Idaho SIP
Montana FIP
IMPROVE Monitoring
Webcams
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Smoke ManagementSmoke Management
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CoordinationCoordination
Liaison between FS and regulatory agencies (state/local DEQs/EPA)
Work with WO on Smoke and Air Quality Issues
MT/ID Airshed Group
GYACAP
Modeling and Monitoring
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AQRV/WAQV MonitoringAQRV/WAQV Monitoring
• Particulate Matter• Visibility• Lakes• Lichens• Snow• Precipitation
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Bob Marshall Wilderness
Selway Bitterroot Wilderness
Lee Metcalf Wilderness
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USFS R1 Wilderness Air Quality Monitoring PlanMark Story - Gallatin National Forest Thomas Dzomba - USFS R1/R4 Air Fire & AviationJill Grenon - Gallatin National Forest & Montana State UniversityFebruary 1, 2008
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USFS R1 Class 1 Wilderness Areas – AQRV’s
monitoring item
BMW SGW CMW SBW APW GMW MMW
Phase 3 Lakes Upper & Lower Libby Lakes
North Kootenai & Shasta Lakes
IMPROVE visibility
MONT1 & GLAC1* IMPROVE site
MONT1 IMPROVE site
CABI1 & GLAC1* IMPROVE site
SULA1 & SAWT1* IMPROVE site
SULA1 IMPROVE site
GAMO1 IMPROVE site
MONT1 & GLAC1* IMPROVE site
Lichens 12 reference sites – 2002 & 2003, 2010
3 reference sites – 1992, 2010
16 reference sites – 1992 - 1994, 2008
10 reference sites – 1992, 2008
3 reference sites – 2000 - 2001, 2008
4 reference sites – 2002, 2010
NADP Glacier NP MT05 NADP site*
Glacier NP MT05* and Clancy MT07* NADP sites
Glacier NP MT05* and Priest River ExpFst ID02* NADP sites
Lost Trail Pass MT97 NADP site
Lost Trail Pass MT97 NADP site
Clancy MT07* NADP site
Glacier NP MT05 NADP site
Snow Chemistry
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
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USFS R1 Class 2 Wilderness Areas – WAQV’s
monitoring item ABW LMW GBW RW WCW GHW
Lakes Twin Island & Stepping Stone Phase 3 lakes
3 lakes (2007) 8 lakes (2007) 5 lakes (2007) 3 lakes (2008)
IMPROVE visibility YELL2* & NOAB1* IMPROVE sites
YELL1* & NOAB1* IMPROVE sites
GLAC1* IMPROVE site
MONT1 & SULA1 IMPROVE sites
MONT1 & SULA1 IMPROVE sites
SULA1 HECA1* SAWT1* IMPROVE sites
Lichens 2 reference sites – 2008
NADP Yellowstone Pk WY08* NADP site
Lost Trail Pass MT97 and Yellowstone Pk WY08* NADP sites
Glacier NP MT95* NADP site
Lost Trail Pass MT97 NADP site
Lost Trail Pass MT97 NADP site
Lost Trail Pass MT97, Priest River Exp Fst ID02*, Palouse WA24* NADP sites
Snow Chemistry USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
USGS snow chemistry sites*
BMW – Bob Marshall Wilderness ABW – Absaroka Beartooth WildernessSGW – Scapegoat Wilderness LMW – Lee Metcalf WildernessCMW – Cabinet Mountains Wilderness GBW – Great Bear WildernessSBW – Selway Bitterroot Wilderness RW – Rattlesnake WildernessAPW – Anaconda Pintler Wilderness WCW – Welcome Creek WildernessGMW – Gates of the Mountains Wilderness GHW – Gospel Hump WildernessMMW – Mission Mountains Wilderness * operated by non-USFS agencies sites monitored by USFS R1
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Lichens
• Long range air quality monitoring
• Collected every 5-7 years by Dr. Larry St. Clair of BYU
• Will be collected FY 2007 - 2010
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Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain SnowpackSnowpackNetworkNetwork
•Complements network of NADP wetfall sites
•Collocated with SNOTEL Stations reporting SWE, Air temp max, mins
Lake Fork
Grizzly Ridge
MusicPass
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Dissolved AmmoniumDissolved Ammonium
•Highest levels of ammonium generally in Central Subregion—esp Targhee Pass Yellowstone, and the Tetons
Lionshead (11.0 ueq/L)West Yellowstone, offroad (12.1 ueq/L)
•Highest NH4 in region from snowpacked roadway atlocal-source site (over-snow veh., West Yellowstone, 15.6 ueq/L).
•Other Ag areas: North-central Colo. Mts, Sierra Madre, S. Colo. and northern New Mex.
Lions’West
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Dissolved NitrateDissolved Nitrate
•Highest levels of nitrate generally in Southern Subregion—esp North-central Mts, Sierra Madre, NW Colo., and northern New Mex.•Also in Uintas, Targhee Pass, and S. Pass at lower end of Wind River Mts
•Divide Peak (12.4 ueq/L)•Grizzly Ridge (12.1 ueq/L)
Divide Pk
Grizzly
7.6K
4.6K
105
45K
15K
49K
48K
48K
38K
49K
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Total MercuryTotal Mercury
Highest levels of mercury (dissolved + particulate) generally in Southern Subregion—esp near 4 Corners
Other distinct signals appear in Montana from Chief Joe Pass eastward past Helena to Kings Hill, and at Targhee Pass
Slumgullion Pass (31.3 ng/L)
Mt. Belmont (20.3 ng/L)
Mt. Belmont
Slumgullion
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Wilderness Area # Lakes Avg. ANC (µeq/l) Low ANC (µeq/l)
Absaroka-Beartooth 641 83 15
Anaconda-Pintler 100 429 46
Bob Marshall 119 811 154
Cabinet Mountains 88 169 5
Gospel Hump 86 82 24
Great Bear 36 1376 680
Hells Canyon 29 142 28
Lee Metcalf 111 232 68
Mission Mountains 151 449 73
Rattlesnake 52 214 100
River of No Return 21 93 48
Selway-Bitterroot 315 52 18
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Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness
Bob Marshall Wilderness
Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness
Great Bear Wilderness
Scapegoat Wilderness
Gospel-Hump Wilderness
Anaconda Pintler Wilderness
Cabinet Mountains Wilderness
Mission Mountains Wilderness
Rattlesnake Wilderness
Welcome Creek WildernessGates of the Mountains Wilderness
Lee Metcalf Wilderness
Cabinet Mountain WildernessLower LibbyUpper Libby
Selway-Bitterroot WildernessNorth KootenaiShasta
Absaroka-Beartooth WildernessStepping StoneTwin Island
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StatisticsStatistics
SAS Institute statistical software was used to run analyses following draft USFS Data Analysis Protocol (DAP) recommendations in coordination with Lori Porth, RMRS Statistician
Non-parametric test that can work with non-normal distributions and are not affected by errors, gross outliers, or missing data in the data set.
A trend is detectable and considered significant if it meets our designated alpha level of α = 0.1 also shown as 90% confidence level. Additional confidence levels used were 95 (α = 0.05), 99 (α = 0.01), and 99.9 (α = 0.001). (Salmi et.al 2002).
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National Atmospheric Deposition National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)Program (NADP)
Chemistry of rain and snow
Lost Trail Pass
MT97
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NADP sites in and around MTNADP sites in and around MT
Glacier
Lost Trail Pass
Clancy
Craters of the Moon
Tower Junction
Little Bighorn
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Annual NH4+ at NADP sitesAnnual NH4+ at NADP sites
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
mg
/L
Clancy
Glacier
Lost Trail
Craters
Tower
LittleBighorn
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YELL2
ULBE1
SULA1
SAWT1
NOCH1
MONT1
MELA1
JARB1
HECA1
GLAC1
GAMO1
FOPE1
FLAT1
CRMO1
CABI1
IMPROVE SITESIMPROVE SITES
GAMO1
SULA1
MONT1
GLAC1
CABI1
YELL2
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Bitterroot Valley (Stevi RD)
Gates of the Mountains (Helena RD)
Bob Marshall (Seeley Lake RD)
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Yell2 IMPROVE site on a clear Yell2 IMPROVE site on a clear day and on a hazy dayday and on a hazy day
Spectrum Series
dv=0 Bext=10 SVR=390
Spectrum Series
dv=17 Bext=52 SVR=75
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Annual Trends in SVR at IMPROVE sitesAnnual Trends in SVR at IMPROVE sites
Annual Trends in SVR at IMPROVE sites
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
km
GAMO1GLAC1MONT1SULA1YELL2
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YELL2 dv 20% best and worst days
02468
101214
dv
dv best 20% days withsummer
dv best 20% days without summer
dv worst 20% dayswith summer
dv worst 20% dayswith out summer
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ConclusionsConclusions Trend interpretation, particularly cause/effect, is difficult and
complex
Lake ANC decrease not statistically validated except at Stepping Stone Lake. The pH increasing trend and decrease in lake cation trends are not readily explainable
Consistent NH4 increase trend at all of the NADP sites. This may be partially due to increased agriculture emissions such as feedlots in E. Oregon and E. Washington
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ConclusionsConclusions NO3 trend increases in lakes and NADP not as consistent as
NH4 increase
Consistent decrease SO4 at NADP sites is consistent with US trends the last 2 decades with reduced industrial sulfate emissions
Consistent improvement in visibility at all of the IMPROVE sites as expressed in increased SVR, decreased deciviews, and reduced extinction
20% best and worst seasonal visibility day trends visually correlates well with wildfire emissions in USFS Region 1
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Emerging Air Quality IssuesEmerging Air Quality Issues
Regional Haze – visibility targets
Airborn contaminants
Climate change
PM2.5 standards
Ozone standards
Critical Loads
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Western Airborn Contaminants Project NPS - 2009
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Climate Projections for North America
Northern Rockies: Roughly 3-4° F average annual warming by 2050 and 6° F by 2100; no change to ~ 5% increase in annual precipitation; Drier summers and slightly wetter winters (DJF); Potential for more dramatic extremes.
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Emerging Air Quality IssuesEmerging Air Quality Issues
Regional Haze – visibility targets
Airborn contaminants
Climate change
PM2.5 standards
Ozone standards
Critical Loads
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www.fs.fed.us/r1/gallatin/resources/air/www.fs.fed.us/r1/gallatin/resources/air/index.shtmlindex.shtml