Regents Biology 2009-2010 Protein Synthesis Making Proteins.
-
Upload
wilfred-mitchell -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
1
Transcript of Regents Biology 2009-2010 Protein Synthesis Making Proteins.
Regents Biology 2009-2010
Protein Synthesis Making Proteins
Regents Biology
Bodies are made up of cells All cells run on a set of instructions
spelled out in DNA
Bodies Cells DNA
Regents Biology
How does DNA code for cells & bodies? how are cells and bodies made from the
instructions in DNA
DNA Cells Bodies
Regents Biology
____________________________________ _____________
DNA Proteins Cells Bodies
proteinscells
bodiesDNA gets all the glory,Proteins do all the work
Regents Biology
How do proteins do all the work ____________________
proteins run living organisms __________________
control all chemical reactions in living organisms
__________________ all living organisms are built out of proteins
Regents Biologynucleus
Cell organization DNA
________________________ genes = instructions for making proteins
want to keep it there = protected “locked in the vault”
nucleus
Regents Biology
Cell organization Proteins
___________________________ ________________________________________ ___________________________
nucleus
cytoplasm
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
buildproteins
nucleus
Regents Biology
Passing on DNA information Need to get DNA gene information
from nucleus to cytoplasm ___________________________ ___________________________
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
buildproteins
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
nucleus
Regents Biology
mRNA
From nucleus to cytoplasm
DNA
______________
nucleus cytoplasm
________________
trait
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
protein
Regents Biology
DNA vs. RNA_______
deoxyribose sugar nitrogen bases
_____________ _____________ C : G
________________
_______ ribose sugar nitrogen bases
_____________ _____________ C : G
________________
Regents Biology
Transcription _____________________ DNA strand is the
template (pattern) match bases
U : A G : C
Enzyme RNA polymerase
Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA Double stranded DNA unzips
A G GGGGGT T A C A C T T T T TC C C CA A
Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA Double stranded DNA unzips
A G GGGGGT T A C A C T T T T TC C C CA A
Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA Match RNA bases to DNA
bases on one of the DNA strands
U
A G GGGGGT T A C A C T T T T TC C C CA A
U
UU
U
U
G
G
A
A
A C CRNA
polymerase
C
C
C
C
C
G
G
G
G
A
A
A
AA
Regents Biology
Matching bases of DNA & RNA U instead of T is matched to A
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU Uribosome
Regents Biology
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
protein
cytoplasm
nucleus
traitU C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
ribosome
Regents Biology
How does mRNA code for proteins mRNA leaves nucleus mRNA goes to ribosomes in cytoplasm ____________________________________
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
How?
mRNA
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
Regents Biology
How does mRNA code for proteins?
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
Met Arg Val Asn Ala Cys Alaprotein
?
How can you code for 20 amino acids withonly 4 DNA bases (A,U,G,C)?
ribosome
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
Regents Biology
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
mRNA codes for proteins in triplets
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
Met Arg Val Asn Ala Cys Alaprotein
?
codons
ribosome
________________________________
Regents Biology
For ALL life! strongest support
for a common origin for all life
Code has duplicates several codons for
each amino acid mutation insurance!
Start codon AUG methionine
Stop codons UGA, UAA, UAG
The mRNA code
Regents Biology ________________________________
How are the codons matched to amino acids?
TACGCACATTTACGTACGCGGDNA
AUGCGUGUAAAUGCAUGCGCCmRNA
aminoacid
anti-codon
codon
UAC
MetGCA
ArgCAU
Val
tRNA
Regents Biology
mRNA to protein = Translation __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________
mRNAU C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
aaaa
aa
tRNA
GGU
aa
tRNA
U A C
aa
tRNA
GA C
tRNA
aa
A GU
ribosome
Regents Biology
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
aa
aa
mRNA
From gene to protein
_______________
nucleus cytoplasm
protein
_______________
trait
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU Uribosome
tRNA
aa
DNA
Regents Biology
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
aa
transcriptiontranscription
transcription
transcription
cytoplasm
nucleus
Regents Biology
From gene to protein
transcriptiontranscription
translationtranslation
proteinprotein
Regents Biology 2009-2010
Whoops!See what happens when
your genes don’t work right!
Any Questions??