Regeneration Mechanisms
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Transcript of Regeneration Mechanisms
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Regeneration Mechanisms
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Mechanisms of Regeneration
• Some species are capable of more than one
• Sexual
• Vegetative
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Seed• All species have to have this
capability• May be uncommon• Small seed• Large seed• When dissemination?• How disseminated?
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Stump Sprouts• Well established root system• Large store of carbohydrates• Young and vigorous stronger than old• Most angiosperms
– bigleaf maple– red alder
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Root Suckers
• Can use root system for short period• Stored carbohydrates• Often soil temperature dependent• Some angiosperms
– aspen
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Layering
• Pieces of stem form adventitious roots and shoots
• Some angiosperms and some conifers– vine maple– black and balsam popular– red cedar
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USDA Forest Service
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Underground stems
• Non-trees– Ferns
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hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula )
Steve Horsley, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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Buried Seed• Some seed stays alive in the duff for
many years (or decades)
– cherry– Rubus (salmonberry)
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Advance Regeneration• Some species can remain alive in the
understory for long periods• May periodically die back to the root
collar• Must be quite shade tolerant• Angiosperms and conifers
– true firs– hemlock?– red cedar?– salal
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1915
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1930
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Relationship With Disturbances
• Competitive ability is directly impacted by disturbance
• This information can be used in silvicultural planning
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Intensity
• Less intense favors sprouting and advance regeneration
• Mid intensity favors layering, underground stems and perhaps buried seed
• Most intense favors seeding
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Frequency
• Long intervals favor advance regeneration and sometimes seed
• Short intervals favor sprouting
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Scale
• Seed may not be able to travel full distance of large scale disturbances
– “generation and a half”
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Examples• Wind – advance regeneration, perhaps
seed on windthrow mounds• Cool fire – sprouting• Hot fire – root suckering, seed, buried
seed• Avalanches – advance regeneration,
sprouting
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Examples• Light cutting – advance regeneration
• Heavy cutting – sprouting, seed of all types
• Machinery has effect
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Site Prep
• Changes disturbance regime