Regardless of their theoretical orientation, therapists agree that self-awareness is the key to...

Regardless of their theoretical orientation, therapists agree that self-awareness is

the key to overcoming psychological.

0%0%

1. True2. False

Most people who suffer psychological problems become worse without therapy.

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1. True2. False

The most effective treatment for alcohol dependence is to associate alcoholic

drinks with a nausea-producing drug.

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1. True2. False

Daily exposure to bright light successfully counteracts winter depression.

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1. True2. False

The various therapies are so different that it is impossible to find any

commonalities.

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1. True2. False

The training and experience of the therapist are crucial factors in determining

therapeutic success.

0%0%

1. True2. False

The use of drugs has liberated hundreds of thousands of people with severe

psychological disorders from hospital confinement.

0%0%

1. True2. False

Many people have found relief from bipolar mood swings with a daily dose of a

cheap salt.

0%0%

1. True2. False

Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used in the treatment of psychological

disorders.

0%0%

1. True2. False

Approaches to Psychology and Treatment

BehavioralPsychoanalytical

MedicalCognitive

HumanisticBiopsychological

Behavioral = Conditioning, + - reinforcement Psychoanalytical = unconscious mind, childhoodMedical = Physical illness, drugs, surgery, etc.Cognitive = Thinking, beliefs, memory, or languageHumanistic = Self-actualization and unique potentialBiopsychological – genes, brain abnormalities, and neurotransmitters

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Opening Activity: Imagine that a good friend of yours has approached you about a problem he or she has developed recently. This friend describes several symptoms, including increased feelings of depression, crying spells, loss of interest in usual activities, and changes in sleep and eating patterns. Let’s assume you have asked enough questions to allow you to conclude that this person is clinically depressed.

Your task is to assume the role of therapist and develop some possible interventions and therapies for your friend based on what you have learned this year. List your three ideas in your notebook.


Share your three ideas with your group.


Psychological TherapyWhy do people enter therapy?Patient versus client distinctionWhat are some common obstacle to entering

therapy?Economic obstaclesEthnic backgroundGenderMajor in college


Components of TherapyA relationship built on trustaccurate diagnosis of the problemdetermining the problem's causedetermining the likelihood of improvementcarrying out treatment


Who does therapy?Counseling psychologist = M.A.,M.S. or higherClinical psychologist = Ph.D or Psy.DPsychoanalyst = Ph.D Psychiatrist = M.D.Paraprofessionals = Some college + certificate

Types of Therapists

ParaprofessionalsClinical psychologist

PsychoanalystCounseling psychologist

Psychiatrist


Who does therapy?Counseling psychologist = M.A.,M.S. or higherClinical psychologist = Ph.D or Psy.DPsychoanalyst = Ph.D Psychiatrist = M.D.Paraprofessionals = Some college + certificate

Which type of therapist would most interest you as a career? Give two reasons to justify your answer.


Modern Approaches to TherapyPsychological therapies

Insight therapies Behavior therapies

Biomedical therapies


The History of Therapy

Checking for Understanding

List three things you learned today in your notebook.


• The New Asylums


Group Presentations:1. Freudian Psychoanalysis 2. Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Therapies3. Humanistic Therapies4. Cognitive Therapies5. Group Therapies6. Classical Conditioning Therapies7. Operant Conditioning Therapies8. Participant Modeling9. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy


Group Presentations:1. Freudian Psychoanalysis2. Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Therapies3. Humanistic Therapies4. Cognitive Therapies5. Group Therapies6. Classical Conditioning Therapies7. Operant Conditioning Therapies8. Participant Modeling9. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy


Freudian psychoanalysisUnresolved childhood traumas and inner conflicts Free association Transference


Humanistic therapiesSelf-esteemImportance of empathyActive listeningClients heal themselvesCarl Rogers

Positive self-regardClient-centered therapyUnconditional positive regard


Empathy Activity It’s really hard for you to get started talking. Decision making just seems impossible to you. You want marriage, but it doesn’t seem to you to

be much of a possibility. You feel yourself brimming over with feelings

reminiscent of your childhood. Being very nice to children has somehow had

meaning for you.


Cognitive therapies Challenge unrealistic, unjustified assumptions and beliefs Aaron Beck and depression Negative self-talk

Cognitive Therapies

________ focuses on communicating and verbalizing emotions and motives to understand one’s problems.

Behavioral th

e...

Cognitive

ther...

Insig

ht therap...

Rational-emoti...

Humanistic t

he...

9%

24%26%

21%21%

1. Behavioral therapy2. Cognitive therapy3. Insight therapy4. Rational-emotive therapy5. Humanistic therapy

A support group would be most likely to be useful in…

Managin

g cris

e...

Treati

ng addic...

Coping with

me...

Helping relati...

All of t

he abo...

0%

15%

82%

3%0%

1. Managing crises such as divorce or the death of a child

2. Treating addictions such as alchohol or gambling

3. Coping with mental and physical disorders

4. Helping relatives or friends of addicts cope with associated stresses.

5. All of the above are correct

The process of __________ refers to the situation in which a patient's feelings for their therapists reflect relationship with

their parents.

Catharsi

s

Tran

sference

Free asso

ciati...

Insig

ht therap...

Syste

matic Des..

.

6%

76%

3%9%6%

1. Catharsis2. Transference3. Free association4. Insight therapy5. Systematic Desensitization

___________ therapies are focused on the client's self-concept, values, and needs.

Socia

l

Syste

matic

Behavioral

Humanistic

Biomedical

3% 0%6%

88%

3%

1. Social2. Systematic3. Behavioral4. Humanistic5. Biomedical

Matt is seeking help from Dr. Blazer. Dr. Blazer’s therapy for Matt helps to bring unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness so

that Matt gains insight into his thoughts and behaviors. Dr. Blazer is practicing _________ therapy.

Biomedical

RET

Psych

oanalyti

c

Group

Cognitive

-Beha..

.

0%6% 3%0%

91%1. Biomedical2. RET3. Psychoanalytic4. Group5. Cognitive-Behavioral

An advantage of ____________ is that such therapy reassures people they are not alone in having a specific problem.

Psych

oanalys

is

Self-t

herapy EC

T

Token eco

nomie...

Group th

erapy

0%9%

82%

3%6%

1. Psychoanalysis2. Self-therapy3. ECT4. Token economies5. Group therapy

The _______ approach to therapy would be most useful in aiding a person to change her belief that her life will never get better.

Biomedical

Cognitive

Psych

oanalyti

c

Contingency ma...

Aversi

on

3%

82%

9%3%3%

1. Biomedical2. Cognitive3. Psychoanalytic4. Contingency management5. Aversion

According to humanistic therapy, who has the ability to heal clients?

Lovin

g frie

nds

A good therapi...

Drug th

erapy

Themse

lves

Clients’

close

...

6% 3% 3%

79%

9%

1. Loving friends2. A good therapist3. Drug therapy4. Themselves5. Clients’ close family members


Behavioral therapies Normal and abnormal behaviors are learned Changing the patients responses Often focus on treating bad habits, phobias, and

anxiety


Systematic desensitization therapy

Developed anxiety hierarchy


Systematic desensitization therapy

Developed anxiety hierarchy Practice Relaxation Associate relaxation

wht anxiety


Aversion therapy Bad habits (i.e. nail biting) Smoking and drinking


Operant conditioning therapiesContingency managementToken economy


Observation-learning therapy Participant modeling Symbolic modeling


Cognitive-behavioral therapy Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Albert Ellis Challenging the “shoulds” and “oughts”

“I should always succeed” “I should always receive approval” “I ought to be always treated fairly” “I ought to exercise every day”


Review Activity – Vocabulary Participant modeling Token economy Systematic desensitization Aversion therapy Contingency management


Hans Eysenck’s controversial proclamation 2/3 of people recover without psychotherapy


Effective therapies Behavior therapy for specific phobias, autism, and

alcoholism Cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain, eating

disorders, and depression Insight therapy for relationship problems


Drug therapy and psychopharmacology


Antipsychotic drugs “tranquilizers” Reduce the activity of dopamine

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Haloperidol (Haldol) Clozapine (Clozaril)

Negative side effects Tardive dyskinesia Bone marrow dysfunction

Video clip: The Brain (28)


Antidepressant drugs Tricyclic compounds SSRIs (selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

Fluoxetine or Prozac Prevent the reuptake of serotonin


ControversyOver prescriptionSuicidal thoughts


Mood stabilizers Treatment of bipolar disorder Lithium carbonate

Antianxiety drugs Barbiturates Benzodiazepines “minor tranquilizers”

Increase the neurotransmitter GABA Concerns with treatment


Psychosurgery Prefrontal lobotomy Split brain operation


Brain-stimulation therapies Electroconvulsive therapy

Video clip: The Mind

(34)


Brain-stimulation therapies Electroconvulsive therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation


Reflection: If a friend asked, how would you summarize the available biomedical therapies?

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