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REFRIGERATOR ² GreatestInnovation of the 21st Century

103 Apurva dagli

106 Utkarsh Grover

109 Sharmila Iyer

110 Mohnish Jain

124 Vatsalam

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Introduction

� Is a cooling apparatus

�

Generic name ³fridge´

� Purpose is to decrease the reproduction rate of bacteria so that perishable itemscould be saved from spoilage.

� maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water.

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Relevance in Today·s World

� Essential household item

� T

ore down the barriers of climates and seasons

� Allows the modern family to keep food fresh for much longer than before

� Exotic foodstuffs from far-off countries that have been imported by means of refrigeration

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Antecedents

� Food PreservationTechniques:

Salting, smoking, canning, preserves, pickling, and dry storage in pots are just a few examples of the many ways people preserved food

� Cellars:

 Were lined with "natural insulation such as straw" and stored ice and snow. Cellars were mostly effective in that they usually preserved food year round.

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� Ice Houses :

 After harvesting ice from cold regions of the country, towns stored their ice in icehouses

� Ice Boxes :

Preserve foods in homes as opposed to outdoor refrigeration seen in ice houses andcellars, but problem was that boxes had to be replaced daily 

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Need For Transf ormation

� Widely accepted was because other food preservation techniques

significantly altered foods

� It did not change the taste or deplete vitamins and nutrients whilepreserving foods

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History

� Early 1800s, Michael Faraday discovered that liquefying ammonia causes cooling

� F

irst ex

periments in artificial refrigeration were conducted in 1748 by Dr. WilliamCullen

� In 1805, Oliver E vans, an American, designed the first refrigeration machine.

� 1834, Jacob Perkins, an American, invented the refrigerator in London

� Freon was invented in the 1930s.

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R EFR IGER  A TOR 

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IMPACT ON LIFESTYLE

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� Commonly known as µFridge¶

� Essential item for every Urban household

� Unlike a century ago when ice-box was the only way to store food for a day or two,refrigerator has made life easier as food items could now be stored for longer timeperiod and sometimes also for months

� Worldwide, there are about 2 billion domestic refrigerators and freezers

� R evolutionized human lifestyle and led to the rapid development of a worldwide foodtrade

� Ice cream, a popular commodity of the 20th century, could previously only beobtained by travelling long distances to where the product was made fresh, and hadto be eaten on the spot. Now it is a common food item

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� R efrigerator allows the modern family to keep food fresh for much longer

� Dairy products, meats, fish, poultry and vegetables can be kept refrigerated in the same space within the kitchen

� People can now eat more salads, fresh fruits and vegetables, without having to own a garden oran orchard

� Exotic foodstuffs from far-off countries can be imported and consumed

� Food in can be bought in bulk and eaten at leisure

� R efrigerator comes as a blessing where you store your cooked meal for days

� µHousehold refrigerator is one of the greatest unsung inventions¶

� Engineering technology perfected it, made it reliable, and inexpensive enough for widespreadownership

µThe household refrigerator changed the way people ate and socially affected the household ¶ 

BENEFITS 11

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IMPACT ON ECONOMY &CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

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� Enabled the breweries to make a uniform product all year roundand later in meat-packing industry 

� Installed in almost all American packing plants was the ammoniacompression system, which had a refrigeration capacity of 90,000

tons/day 

� Five big packers ² Armour, Swift, Morris, Wilson, and Cudahy ²owned the expensive equipment extensively, using it in refrigerationcars, branch houses, and other cold storage facilities

� TemperingCutlery 

� Iron production got a boost, as refrigeration removed moisture fromthe air delivered to blast furnaces.

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� Fur and woollen goods storage could beat the moths by usingrefrigerated warehouses

� Textile mills used refrigeration in mercerizing, bleaching, anddyeing

� Oil refineries found it essential as did the manufacturers of paper,drugs, soap, glue, shoe polish, perfume, celluloid, and photographicmaterial

� Hospitality businesses including hotels, restaurants, saloons, and

soda fountains, proved to be big markets for ice

� In WW-I, refrigeration in munitions factories provided the requiredstrict control of temperatures and humidity 

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Four key paradigm changes bought about by refrigerators are:

1. The displacement of traditional practices,

2. Centralization,

3. Standardization and

4. Increasing shifts towards extra-local organizing

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FUTURE

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� Companies like Whirlpool, LG, Samsung and the most renownedinnovators are in the process of changing the face of therefrigerators that we see today 

� Current refrigeration and cooling systems, such as air conditioners,

are designed to utilize the change in density of gases when set todifferent pressures

� The current day coolants are relatively safe for humans and theenvironment

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� Hot Fridge

� Non Electric Bio R obot R efrigerator

� Modulator R efrigerator

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Conclusion

� Transformed the way we have been looking at this mostly used homeappliance

� R efrigeration technology can be viewed as a range of social practices, not just a set of processes contained within a machine

� Currently reposition the fridge more strongly still as a core node,connecting more explicitly than ever to other dimensions in their lives busy 

 blurring the boundaries between people, practices and machines

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