reframing singapore

8/2/2019 reframing singapore

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Xbjsj siokem x|jdhs xbex e|j jnj|ckdc kxbkd x|eds.|jckidem svbj|js-xbj enlkczkxkjs ia khjdxkx{ iooz||kdc kd xbj aeoj ia hjoehjs ia siokem jd.ckdjj|kdc v|igjoxs edh xbj x|jdh xie|h |joiqj|kdc xbj ksmedhs bksxi|{xb|izcb xbj mjdsjs ia xbj oinnid ned enkh xbj xkhj ia cmilemksexkid-oidsxkxzxj xbj ve|ehirjs xbex obe|eoxj|ksj ed{ sxzh{ ia _kdcevi|j$ Kx ksilqkizs xbex jqjd es _kdcevi|j x|eqj|sjs |evkhm{ emidc kxs xjdx{.ak|sx.

ojdxz|{ x|egjoxi|{ ia ljoinkdc e cmilemksjh okx{.sxexj- kx kmm beqj xi hjemkxb xbj senj obemmjdcjs edh ksszjs xbex beqj obe|eoxj|ksjh kxs bksxi|{ia xbj vesx sjqjd bzdh|jh {je|s$ Qkjjh kd xbex mkcbx- xbj oidx|klzxi|sia xbks qimznj zdenlkczizsm{ ec|jj xbex xbj|j ks ed z|cjdx djjh xi |j.essjss xbj eoojvxjh dixkids edh hksoiz|sjs id _kdcevi|js vesx- es jmmes xbj djjh xi |joidojvxzemksj iz| zdhj|sxedhkdc ia xbj obemmjdcjsaeojh ex v|jsjdx$ C|edxjh xbex xbks oidoj|xjh v|igjox ia |ja|enkdc _kd.cevi|j- kdkxkexjh l{ e dj cjdj|exkid ia eoehjnkos a|in e qe|kjx{ iasvjokemksexkids- mioexkids edh leo`c|izdhs- ks djkxbj| diqjm di| dj$

Bijqj|- ka xbj vecjs ia xbks qimznj beqj svz||jh kxs |jehj|s xi |jxbkd`oinnidvmeoj essznvxkids edh x|zksns elizx _kdcevi|j edhkd xbjv|iojss- aisxj| xbj ljckddkdcs ia dj akjmhs ia jduzk|{- xbjd kx bes azm.akmmjh kxs bznlmj vz|visj$

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\JA\ENKDC XBJ BK_XI\KOEM DE\\EXKQJ


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< A|in Vimkxkoem \bjxi|ko xi Dexkidem Bksxi|{7

Lk.Ozmxz|emksn edh B{l|khksexkid kd xbjOidsx|zoxkid ia _kdcevi|js Bksxi|koem De||exkqj

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_kdcevi|js dexkidem bksxi|koem de||exkqj bes ljjd jnvmi{jh l{ xbj |jme.xkqjm{ {izdc dexkid.sxexj es e njeds xi gzsxka{kdc kxs jrksxjdoj$ Xbj ciembes ljjd xi jsxelmksb e |jmjqedoj ia xbj vesx kd xbj v|jsjdx- edh jqjdxbj vj|ojkqjh azxz|j- ex xbj mjqjm ia sxexj- siokjx{ edh szl.c|izvs$ Xbjbksxi|kic|evb{ ia _kdcevi|js vesx- skdoj kxs kdhjvjdhjdoj kd 5;1:- besxbzs ljjd ed kdxj|xkdjh kdxj|eoxkid ljxjjd xi `j{ jmjnjdxs xbjvimkxkoem knvj|exkqjs edh |bjxi|ko ia xbj sxexj- edh xbj hksoiz|sj xbex

_kdcevi|j siokjx{ ks jdcecjh kd$Xbj ai|nzmexkid ia xbj dexkidem de||exkqj bes dix xe`jd vmeoj kd e qe.

ozzn- lzx bes oidsksxjdxm{ ljjd ve|xdj|jh kxb eoehjnko hjqjmivnjdxskd xbj akjmh ia bksxi|{$ Bj|j- v|iajsskidem bksxi|keds beqj ljjd hjjvm{oinnkxxjh xi v|jsjdxkdc |jmjqedx evv|ieobjs edh a|enji|`s- es jmmes lzkmhkdc zv o|kxkoem nessjs ia sobime|m{ izxvzx$ Xbks eoehjnko izxvzxxbj|jai|j ai|ns xbj lesks zvid bkob xbj dexkidem de||exkqj izmh ljv|ihzojh$ Xbks s{dob|id{ kd eoehjnko edh dexkidem bksxi|{ hijs dixsjjn xi beqj ljjd xbj |jszmx ia ed{ hk|jox hkemiczj ljxjjd xbj sxexj

edh xbj eoehjnko oinnzdkx{$ Sbex ks evve|jdx- bijqj|- ks xbj hjc|jjxi bkob xbj eoehjnko oinnzdkx{ sjjns xi lj exxzdjh xi xbj knvj|e.xkqjs khjdxkakjh edh v|inzmcexjh l{ xbj |bjxi|ko ia xbj sxexj$ Xbj eoe.hjnko izxvzx xbjd jsxelmksbjs xbj eoehjnko aizdhexkid edh o|jhklkmkx{-zvid bkob xbj dexkidem de||exkqj ks xbjd oidsx|zoxjh$

Xbks v|iojss ia xbj ai|nzmexkid ia xbj dexkidem bksxi|koem de||exkqj ksia ve|xkozme| |jmjqedoj kd xbj v|jsjdx xknj- ckqjd xbex xbj xjdx{.ak|sxojdxz|{ visjs skcdkakoedx obemmjdcjs xi _kdcevi|js joidin{- siokjx{edh vimkxkos$ Xbj oizdx|{ ks ex xbj xb|jsbimh ia skcdkakoedx x|edsai|ne.

xkids- e ozmnkdexkid ia xbj |jckidemkskdc edh kdxj|dexkidemkskdc vimkokjsvzx kd vmeoj l{ xbj _kdcevi|j ciqj|dnjdx$ Sbkmj szob vimko{ obedcjsbeqj ljjd kd jaajox skdoj xbj je|m{ 5;;6s zv zdxkm xbj ak|sx {je|s ia xbjxjdx{.ak|sx ojdxz|{- xbj dexkidem bksxi|koem de||exkqj bes idm{ |jojdxm{evvje|jh xi lj id xbj l|kd` ia e azdhenjdxem obedcj kd ai|n xi eobkjqj


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sjqj|em midc.xj|n ilgjoxkqjs7 xi vzx ai|xb xi xbj vjivmj ia _kdcevi|j xbjbksxi|koem gzsxkakoexkids ai| xbj v|inzmcexkid ia xbj vimkokjs edh xbjk| ja.ajoxs- es jmm es xi siokemksj xbj nkdhsjx ia xbj vivzmexkid xie|hs ljkdcv|jhksvisjh xi ljkdc ed kdxj|dexkidemksjh siokjx{$

Kx ks kd xbks oidxjrx xbex xbj v|jsjdx vevj| exxjnvxs xi evv|eksj xbjsxexj ia sobime|sbkv- lixb eoehjnko edh dexkidem- id xbj bksxi|{ ia _kd.cevi|j- kd |jmexkid xi xbj ksszjs xbex e|j oz||jdxm{ ex xbj ai|ja|idx ia si.okem edh vimkxkoem hksozsskids kd xbj oizdx|{ lk.ozmxz|emksn edh b{l|k.hksexkid$ Xbj vevj| kmm ljckd l{ x|eokdc xbj kdxj|eoxkid ljxjjd vimkxk.oem |bjxi|ko- eoehjnko sobime|sbkv edh xbj dexkidem de||exkqj skdoj 5;1:$Kx kmm xbjd exxjnvx xi b{vixbjsksj xbj x|egjoxi|{ edh vissklkmkxkjs ia kd.oi|vi|exkdc lk.ozmxz|emksn edh b{l|khksexkid kdxi xbj bksxi|koem de||exkqj

ia _kdcevi|j ex xbks o|kxkoem gzdoxz|j$

Vimkxkoem \bjxi|ko edh xbj Jqimqkdc Bksxi|koem De||exkqj ia_kdcevi|j

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xkidem de||exkqjs xbex beqj ljjd hjqjmivjh skdoj 5;1: xi xbj v|jsjdx$Xi `j{ bksxi|koem ksszjs beqj ljjd ex xbj ojdx|j ia xbj hjlexjs

enidc _kdcevi|js vimkxkoem mjehj|s skdoj 5;1:$ Xbj ak|sx es xbj aeoxxbex _kdcevi|j es dexz|emm{ ed kdxjc|em ve|x ia xbj Neme{ Vjdkdszme-kxb xbj cjic|evb{ edh joidin{ ia xbj ai|nj| ljkdc kdhkqksklm{ xkjh xixbj mexxj|- mkd`s xbex j|j az|xbj| jdnjsbjh l{ siokem mkd`s- szob es `kd.sbkv xkjs$ Xbks e|cznjdx oenj xi xbj ai|j- edh ljoenj e v|ix|eoxjh xi.vko ia hksozsskid xbex v|jioozvkjh xbj vimkxkoem hksoiz|sj ia _kdcevi|j-eaxj| Neme{ske es eooi|hjh kxs kdhjvjdhjdoj a|in L|kxksb |zmj kd 5;:3$

Xbj evve|jdxm{ kdx|kdsko xkjs ljxjjd _kdcevi|j edh xbj Neme{ Vjdkdsz.me ljoenj xbj vmexai|n xbex es zsjh kd xbj |bjxi|ko ai| kdhjvjdhjdojl{ xbj je|m{ 5;16s- ve|xkozme|m{ l{ xbj Vjivmjs Eoxkid Ve|x{ edh Meliz|A|idx Ciqj|dnjdx$

Xbj vimkxkoem vme{j|s ia _kdcevi|j hkh dix djojsse|km{ zdkqj|semm{sbe|j xbks qkj$ Xbj si.oemmjh oinnzdksx vimkxkoem mjehj|s- kdomzhkdcxbisj kd xbj VEV- szob es Aidc _jj _ed edh Mkn Obkd _kidc- j|jivvisjh xi _kdcevi|j ljoinkdc e ve|x ia ed kdhjvjdhjdx Neme{ske "Mjj5;;27 881.8:


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Xbj sjoidh ksszj vj|xekds xi dexkidem oidsokizsdjss xbex es xi ljlesjh id xbj djm{ oidsx|zoxjh dexkid.sxexj ia Neme{e- es ivvisjh xijxbdko.lesjh dexkidemksn$ Xbks |jojdx edh nihj|d siokem.oidsokizsdjssoemmjh ai| xbj eo`dimjhcjnjdx ia xbj vmeoj ia vjivmj bi e||kqjh kdNeme{e edh _kdcevi|j a|in vmeojs mk`j Obkde- Kdhke edh _izxbjesx Eske-es jmm es vjivmj ia nkrjh hjsojdx- emm ia bin j|j xbj v|ihzoxs iaxbj mjceo{ ia L|kxksb |zmj kd xbj Neme{ Vjdkdszme$ Xbj Neme{ed oid.sokizsdjss xbj|jai|j jdxekmjh e nihj|d- emljkx e|xkakokem- sjdsj ia ljkdcedh khjdxkx{ kd mkdj kxb xbj o|jexkid ia e dj sxexj xbex bksxi|koemm{djqj| jrksxjh ljai|j$

Sbkmj xbjsj ksszjs e|isj kd xbj v|j.5;1: vj|kih- xbj{ oidxkdzjh xi ljjrvizdhjh kd xbj {je|s eaxj| 5;1:- dix mjesx ljoezsj xbj _kdcevi|j mje.

hj|s bi vzx ai|xb xbjsj ksszjs kd xbj vimkxkoem |bjxi|ko oidxkdzjh xi ljxbj vimkxkoem mjehj|s ia _kdcevi|j eaxj| kdhjvjdhjdoj kd 5;1:$ Xbj{ oid.xkdzjh xi ljmkjqj kd xbj oidojvx ia Neme{edksn "xbj juzemkx{ ia emm okxk.wjds kxbkd xbj dexkid.sxexj ia Neme{ske+- edh se _kdcevi|j es ed zd.dexz|em iooz||jdoj xbex zdai|xzdexjm{ beh di ixbj| obikoj lzx xi lj szo.ojssazm$ Xbjsj xi ksszjs oidxkdzjh xi evvje| kd xbj vimkxkoem |bjxi|kokdxi xbj je|m{ 5;36s$ Xbjsj j|j a|enjh es ve|x ia xbj knvj|exkqj kd xbjoidsx|zoxkid ia e dexkidem oidsokizsdjss enidcsx _kdcevi|jeds- emljkx_kdcevi|jedksn kd vmeoj iaNeme{edksn$

Xbj ak|sx dexkidem bksxi|koem de||exkqj- bkob ljced xi jnj|cj kd xbjmexj 5;36s- es xbj|jai|j e de||exkqj xbex hjvkoxjh _kdcevi|js bksxi|koemjrvj|kjdojs kd xbj oidxjrx ia oimidkemksn- dexkidemksn edh sxexj.ai|ne.xkid kd xbj dkdjxjjdxb xi nkh.xjdxkjxb ojdxz|kjs$ Xbj de||exkqj jssjd.xkemm{ exxjnvxjh xi a|enj _kdcevi|js vesx es xbj lzkmh zv ia xbj kdjqkx.elkmkx{ ia dexkidemksn xbex |jszmxjh a|in xbj _joidh Si|mh Se| edh xbjGevedjsj ioozvexkid ia _kdcevi|j ljxjjd 5;8< edh 5;8:$ Xbjsj oexe.om{snko jqjdxs evve|jdxm{ sbexxj|jh xbj n{xb ia xbj szvj|ki| bkxjned- oidqkdokdc xbj vivzmexkid ia _kdcevi|j xbex xbj oimidkem vij|s

beh di |kcbx xi |zmj xbjn edh xbj medh xbex xbj{ j|j kdbelkxkdc- edhz|cjh xbjn xi |jvissjss xbj medh edh xbj |kcbx xi sjma.ciqj|dnjdx$ Xbksde||exkqj ks di hkaaj|jdx a|in xbj je|mkj| hjlexjs- bkob emsi a|enjhxbjsj bksxi|koem hjqjmivnjdxs kxbkd xbj oidxjrx ia _kdcevi|j es e ve|xia xbj Neme{ Vjdkdszme$

Xbj de||exkqj eo`dimjhcjh xbex _kdcevi|js vivzmexkid es oin.v|ksjh emnisx jdxk|jm{ ia nkc|edxs xbex xbks vi|x.okx{ xbex beh idm{jnj|cjh kd 525; aimmikdc L|kxksb kdxj|qjdxkid kd Ne|kxknj _izxbjesxEske- edh xbex di skcdkakoedx sjxxmjnjdx beh jrksxjh id xbj ksmedh v|ki|

xi xbex xknj$ Zv zdxkm ex mjesx xbj 5;:6s- jnixkidem mkd`ecjs enidcsxxbj nkc|edx vivzmexkid ia _kdcevi|j- kd ve|xkozme| xbj Kdhkeds edhObkdjsj- j|j sekh xi lj x|eojh hk|joxm{ leo` xi xbj medh a|in bkobxbjsj nkc|edxs oenj$ Didjxbjmjss- dexkidemksn es essznjh xi beqjjnj|cjh es e |jszmx ia xbj x|ezne ia SSKK edh xbj Gevedjsj ioozve.

A\IN VIMKXKOEM \BJXI\KO XI DEXKIDEM BK_XI\[


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xkid$ Xbj x|ezne ia xbjsj sbe|jh oinnid jrvj|kjdojs j|j vi|x|e{jhes s{did{nizs enidc xbj qe|kizs jxbdko c|izvs v|jsjdx kd _kdcevi|jedh xbj Neme{ Vjdkdszme$ Xbjsj jrvj|kjdojs ai|njh xbj lesks zvidbkob xbj siokem oidsokizsdjss lesjh id xbj dexkid.sxexj es e nihj|do|jexkid- edh bkob beh dix jrksxjh ljai|j kd bksxi|{ es oidsx|zoxjh$Xbj dexkidem de||exkqj xbj|jai|j e|czjh ai| xbj kdjqkxelkmkx{ ia _kdce.vi|js kdhjvjdhjdoj l{ 5;1?- es ve|x ia Neme{ske- kd mkcbx ia xbj dexkid.emksn hjqjmivkdc kd Eske edh xbj hjomkdj ia Jz|ivjed oimidkemksn- edhxbj kdjqkxelkmkx{ ia kxs sjojsskid a|in Neme{ske kd 5;1: es e azdhenjdxemsbio`- kd mkcbx ia xbj kdsjve|elkmkx{ ia _kdcevi|j a|in kxs bkdxj|medh xbj Neme{ Vjdkdszme$ Xbks ak|sx dexkidem de||exkqj es v|jsjdxjh xi xbjoizdx|{ kd 5;28- kxb xbj vzlmkoexkid ia xbj venvbmjx


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lj jdckdjj|jh kdxi e simkxe|{- bkcbm{ jaakokjdx edh v|ihzoxkqj i|`ai|oj$Xbzs- j oed se{ xbex xbj|j es e djjh xi sx|jenmkdj xbj oexjci|ksexkidia xbj okxkwjd|{ kdxi aiz| |eokem c|izvs Obkdjsj- Neme{s- Kdhkeds edhIxbj|s$ Xbjsj aiz| oexjci|kjs j|j xi lj szlsznjh zdhj| xbj skdczme|siokem c|izvkdc oemmjh _kdcevi|jeds$ Jxbdko sx|jenmkdkdc kdomzhjh ciq.j|dnjdxem vimkokjs xbex eknjh xi jnvbesksj xbj khjdxkx{ edh oevelkmkxkjsia xbjsj aiz| |eokem c|izvs- bkmj- ex xbj senj xknj- szlxm{ hksnedxmkdcxbj ajexz|js xbex aisxj|jh ni|j hkqj|sj siokem c|izvkdcs xbex beh bkxbj|.xi ljjd kdbj|jdx xi _kdcevi|js siokjx{$Xbj szoojss ia xbj joidinko- hjajdoj edh ai|jkcd vimko{ esvjoxs ia xbjoizdx|{ mjh xb|jj ia xbj `j{ vimkxkoem mjehj|s ia _kdcevi|j Mjj @zed[j- _$ \ege|exden edh Cib @jdc _jj xi oidsksxjdxm{ jrvmekd- hj.

ajdh edh |bjxi|koemm{ seajcze|h xbex bkob xbj bimj i|mh kd 5;1: behhjjnjh es xbj qk|xzemm{ kdoidojkqelmj edh knvissklmj eobkjqjnjdx iaszsxekdkdc e okx{.sxexj kxb di dexz|em |jsiz|ojs$ Kd xbj v|iojss- xbj|bjxi|ko xii` id e ak|sx.vj|sid qikoj- jrv|jsskdc xbj xbizcbxs edh hjok.skids xbex xbj vimkxkoem mjehj|s ia _kdcevi|j beh xi ne`j hz|kdc xbj o|k.xkoem {je|s eaxj| 5;1:- hjokskids bkob mjh xi xbj szoojss ia _kdcevi|j iaxbj mexj 5;36s edh je|m{ 5;26s "Obed edh Ilekh 5;230 Cib 5;330 Cibedh Mi 5;;:0 Mjj 5;;20 Mjj


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ed{ ixbj| o|jhklmj qj|skid ia xbj vesx ixbj| xbed e Sbkc.hinkdexjh idj"Mib 5;;27 5+$

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Xbj vimkxkoem mjehj|sbkv emsi ljced xi s{sxjnexkoemm{ oidsimkhexj _kd.cevi|js joidin{- esvk|kdc xi x|edsai|n xbj oizdx|{ kdxi ed kdxj|de.xkidem sj|qkoj- akdedokem edh bkcb.xjobdimic{ bzl$ Qe|kizs |jvi|xs kd xbj_x|ekxs Xknjs "5;;


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dexkidem oidxjrxs- kxb xbj ob|idimickoem xknj.a|enj jrxjdhkdc leo` kdxknj- lj{idh xbj nihj|d aizdhkdc ia _kdcevi|j kd 525;- xi xbj mexjxbk|xjjdxb ojdxz|{ EH- bjd xbj je|mkjsx hioznjdxjh sjxxmjnjdx id xbjksmedh es jsxelmksbjh$

Xbks de||exkqj ks sxkmm kd kxs je|m{ ai|nexkqj sxecj$ Didjxbjmjss- kx beshjve|xjh a|in xbj je|mkj|- vj|sidemkx{.lesjh de||exkqj- xi idj xbex ev.vje|s xi lj a|enjh kxbkd xbj me|cj| oidxjrx ia |jckidem edh kdxj|de.xkidem ai|ojs edh hjqjmivnjdxs- emnisx hjqikh ia bzned ecjdo{- edhidm{ kxb e xeokx eo`dimjhcjnjdx ia bzned ecjdo{ es e aeoxi| kd ea.ajoxkdc xbj izxoinj ia `j{ hjqjmivnjdxs edh jqjdxs- edh xbj x|egjoxi|{ia xbj bksxi|koem jrvj|kjdoj$ Xbks ks jqkhjdx kd xbj sj|kjs ia lii`s vzl.mksbjh l{ xbj qe|kizs dexkidem bj|kxecj ecjdokjs ia _kdcevi|j "Nk`sko

edh Mi


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j|j xjeobkdc ex xbj Zdkqj|skx{ ia Neme{e- xbj v|jhjojssi| ia xbj v|j.sjdx.he{ Dexkidem Zdkqj|skx{ ia _kdcevi|j- _kdcevi|js amecsbkv zdkqj|.skx{- kd xbj knnjhkexj visx.5;1: {je|s- e|czjh ai| e nihj|d bksxi|{ ia_kdcevi|j- skdoj 525;- es xbj idm{ |jmjqedx vj|kih ia _kdcevi|js vesx kdxbj zdhj|sxedhkdc ia kxs visx.5;1: jrvj|kjdojs "X|jciddkdc 5;1;7 58+$Lixb sobime|s emsi e|czjh ai| xbj kdsjve|elkmkx{ ia _kdcevi|j Ksmedha|in xbj Neme{ Vjdkdszme- edh sizcbx xi a|enj _kdcevi|js bksxi|{kxbkd xbj me|cj| oidxjrx ia L|kxksb Neme{e$ Xbjk| sobime|m{ |kxkdcs lj.oenj xbj lesks zvid bkob xbj ak|sx dexkidem de||exkqj es oidsx|zoxjh$

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dixelmj ia xbjsj kdomzhjh Neme{ed Zdkid Oidx|iqj|s{- E Bksxi|{ ia _kdce.vi|j- Kneckdkdc _kdcevi|j edh E Ninjdx ia Edczksb "Mez 5;;6 edh5;;20 Obj edh Mjj 5;;50 Led- Ve`k| edh Objj 5;;


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Sbkmj xbj xbk|h edh oz||jdx |bjxi|koem xbjnj bes ljjd ainjdxkdcskdoj xbj je|m{ 5;;6s- e dexkidem bksxi|koem de||exkqj- a|enjh e|izdh xbksxbk|h |bjxi|koem xbjnj- bes xbzs ae| dix ljjd vzlmksbjh$ Xbj eoehjnkook|omj bes ljjd v|ihzokdc e skcdkakoedx lih{ ia vzlmkoexkids xbex e|jlesjh- xi e me|cj jrxjdx- id xbj xbjnjs ia |jckidemksexkid- kdxj|dexkidemk.sexkid- edh oidxkdzkx{- bkob beqj jqimqjh iqj| xbj midc xj|n$ Vjxj|Li|soblj|c- Xed Xek [idc- Gibd Nk`sko- @e Obidc Czed edh Hj|j`Bjdc emm e|czj ai| e bksxi|{ ia _kdcevi|j kd xbj midc xj|n es ve|x ia |j.ckidem edh kdxj|dexkidem hjqjmivnjdxs "Li|soblj|c


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B{l|khksexkid i| Lk.Ozmxz|emksn7 Xbj Lesks ia xbj Djrx DexkidemDe||exkqj

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sxzhkjs xi zdhj|sxedh nkc|edx c|izvs xbex beqj sjxxmjh kd e|jes bj|jxbj|j ne{ beqj ljjd di v|j.jrksxkdc hinkdedx siokem c|izv i| ozmxz|jv|jsjdx "@evobed edh _x|idc 5;;;+$ Xbj evv|ieob jdoinvessjs oid.ojvxs szob es o|jimksexkid- edh jrenkdjs- kd ve|xkozme|- xbj b{l|khksexkidia nkc|edx c|izvs xb|izcb xbj hjqjmivnjdx ia medczecj edh knecj|{$

B{l|khksexkid es ed evv|ieob xie|hs zdhj|sxedhkdc xbj vivzmexkidia e vi|x.okx{ hjvkoxs ed kdamzr ia vjivmj edh ozmxz|j$ B{l|khksexkidsjj`s xi |joidsx|zox xbj kdhkcjdksexkid ia ed ixbj|ksj ai|jkcd siokemc|izv- kdxi e mioemksjh siokem c|izv xbex ne{ lj |joicdksjh es hksxkdoxi| zdkuzj a|in szlsjuzjdx eqjs ia knnkc|exkid xbex ne{ jqjd beqji|kckdexjh a|in xbj senj edojsx|em medh$ Kd xbj oesj ia _kdcevi|j- xbjv|j.nihj|d bksxi|koem jrenvmj xbex ks bkcbmkcbxjh ks xbj |jskhjdx Obk.

djsj vivzmexkid kd Xjnesk - xbj aiz|xjjdxb.ojdxz|{ vi|x.okx{ mioexjhkd xbj sizxbj|d ve|x ia _kdcevi|j zdxkm xbj je|m{ akaxjjdxb ojdxz|{ "_z5;257


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eoehjnko sobime|sbkv id xbj vivzmexkid ia xbj vi|x.okxkjs ia _kdcevi|jedh xbj Njme`e _x|ekxs |jckid ne{- kdsxjeh- |jamjox xbj sobime|sbkvs kd.xjdhjh ezhkjdoj$ Xbj sxzh{ ia siokjxkjs kd xbj je|m{.nihj|d vi|x.okxkjsia Ne|kxknj Eske |jnekds- ex kxs oi|j- e xivko ia hksoiz|sj oidhzoxjhenidcsx bksxi|keds ex xbj kdxj|dexkidem sobime|m{ mjqjm$ Kd xbks |jce|h-\jkh edh Nk`skos |jsje|ob aemms kdxi e me|cj| lih{ ia sobime|sbkv vzl.mksbjh skdoj xbj je|m{


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xbjk| sobime|sbkv sveds eo|iss hkaaj|jdx hksokvmkdjs kdomzhkdc bksxi|{-Jdcmksb- edh siokimic{$ Xbj{ jrenkdj xbj x|eds.dexkidem i| nzmxk.ozmxz|.em dexz|j ia xbj hinkokmj vivzmexkid kd _kdcevi|j edh xbj Neme{ Vjdkd.szme- svjokakoemm{ xbj Obkdjsj _x|ekxs- es jmm es xbj hk|jox knvmkoexkidsxbex xbjsj c|izvs beqj beh id siokem eoxkqksn edh dexkidemksn kd _kdce.vi|j skdoj xbj nkh.xjdxkjxb ojdxz|{$ Xbj sxzhkjs xi e me|cj jrxjdx ex.xjnvx xi aiozs id xbj sknkme|kxkjs ljxjjd xbj bksxi|koem v|jojhjdxs ialk.ozmxz|emksn kd _kdcevi|j siokjx{ edh xbj siokjx{ ia v|jsjdx.he{ _kdce.vi|j$ Xbks evv|ieob bes xbzs ae| idm{ ljjd szoojssazm kd xbj visx.525;vj|kih ia _kdcevi|js bksxi|{- bj|j xbj|j ks szaakokjdx hexe ai| sobime|sxi sxzh{- edh xi e oj|xekd jrxjdx- nedkvzmexj kd i|hj| xi xjsx edh ehqedojxbj a|enji|` ia lk.ozmxz|emksn$

Xbj sxexj ia xbks sobime|sbkv ks sxkmm qj|{ nzob kd e v|jmknkde|{ sxecj$Xbj sxzhkjs beqj xbzs ae| ljjd lesjh id kdhkqkhzems- kxb xbj knvmkoe.xkids jrxjdhjh xi xbj jxbdko c|izv xi bkob xbj kdhkqkhzem ljmidcjh$Ni|jiqj|- xbks |jsje|ob bes aiozsjh emnisx jdxk|jm{ id xbj Obkdjsja|in xbj _x|ekxs$ Idj ia xbj mexjsx jrenvmjs ia xbks x{vj ia sobime|sbkvks xbj


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ozmxz|em$ Kd ixbj| i|hs- xbks jxbdko c|izv se kxsjma xi e oj|xekd jrxjdxes zdkuzj- edh dix Obkdjsj i| Neme{- jqjd xbizcb xbj{ j|j elmj xi iv.j|exj kxbkd xbj Obkdjsj edh _izxbjesx Esked ksmedh svbj|js$ Az|xbj|.ni|j- xbj xj|ns b{l|khksexkid edh lk.ozmxz|emksn beqj ljoinj mehjdkxb skcdkakoedx knvmkoexkids kd xbj oz||jdx siokem hksoiz|sj kd _kdce.vi|j$ Xbj ai|nj| ks sjjd es ed eoehjnkoemm{ eoojvxelmj evv|ieob- bkmjxbj mexxj| ks sjjd es e xj|n oikdjh kxbkd xbj oidxjrx ia xbj oz||jdx vimk.xkoem |bjxi|ko$ Xbks hkmjnne ne{ lj |jsimqjh ka xbj knvmkoexkids ia b{.l|khksexkid edh lk.ozmxz|emksn e|j ljxxj| hjakdjh$

Xbj ljsx sxzhkjs id xbjsj xi siokimickoem oidojvxs e|j xbisj xbexbeqj ljjd oidhzoxjh kd Sjsxj|d sobime|sbkv- ve|xkozme|m{ kd xbj Z_-bj|j xbjsj xi oidojvxs j|j i|kckdemm{ oidojvxzemksjh$ Es es njd.

xkidjh kd ed je|mkj| sjoxkid ia xbks vevj|- b{l|khksexkid ks e aek|m{ |jojdxevv|ieob hjqjmivjh kd xbj akjmh ia aim`mi|j sxzhkjs xi jrvmi|j xbj dixkidia khjdxkx{- es kx ks nedkajsxjh kd esvjoxs ia e siokem c|izvs ozmxz|j$Xbzs- kx ks jssjdxkemm{ ed evv|ieob ai| xbj |joidsx|zoxkid ia xbj khjdxkx{ia jxbdko c|izvs xbex ne{ beqj beh xi essknkmexj ozmxz|em x|ekxs a|in xbjixbj| c|izvs kxb bkob kx bes beh xi kdxj|eox$

Lk.ozmxz|emksn- id xbj ixbj| bedh- es e xivko ia hksoiz|sj ak|sx |eksjhkd xbj akjmh ia jhzoexkid sxzhkjs$ Kx es visxzmexjh edh xbjd a|enjh esed evv|ieob zsjh kd ed exxjnvx xi zdhj|sxedh bi nkc|edx c|izvs kd

xbj Z_ j|j elmj xi ljoinj amzjdx kd xi medczecjs xbjk| dexkqj xid.czj edh xbj xidczj ia xbjk| hinkokmj oizdx|{$ _iokimicksxs xbjd zsjhxbjsj sxzhkjs xi zdhj|sxedh bi nkc|edx c|izvs edh kdhkqkhzems vj|.ojkqjh edh oidhzoxjh xbjnsjmqjs kd xbj oidxjrx ia xbjk| hinkokmj oizd.x|kjs- xbj bisx oinnzdkx{ kd bkob xbj{ ivj|exj edh mkqj- edh xbjk| |j.svjoxkqj dexkqj oinnzdkxkjs kxbkd xbj hinkokmj oizdx|kjs edh oinnz.dkxkjs "Vezmsxid 5;32+$ Kd ixbj| i|hs- lk.ozmxz|emksn es kdxjdhjh xilj e a|enji|` ai| xbj zdhj|sxedhkdc ia siokem c|izvs edh kdhkqkhzems-bkmj vj|xekdkdc xi xbjk| azdoxkids kxbkd e ckqjd siokem oidxjrx$

Kd xbj hksokvmkdj ia siokimic{- lk.ozmxz|emksn ks di midcj| oidskhj|jh eqkelmj evv|ieob ai| xbj sxzh{ ia siokem c|izvs$ Didjxbjmjss- kd xbj akjmhia bksxi|{- kx |jnekds e qkelmj evv|ieob$ Kd xbj oidxjrx ia _kdcevi|j edhxbj |kxkdc ia _kdcevi|js bksxi|{- xbj de||exkqj ne{ beqj xi lj oid.sx|zoxjh emidc xbj mkdjs ia |jv|jsjdxexkqj bksxi|{$ Kd ixbj| i|hs- xbjbksxi|{ ia _kdcevi|jeds ne{ lj |jv|jsjdxjh l{ xbj azdoxkids edh jr.vj|kjdojs ia kdhkqkhzems i| |jv|jsjdxexkqj siokem c|izvs kxbkd xbj _kd.cevi|j vivzmexkid$ Es ed eoehjnko hksoiz|sj- xbks evv|ieob meo`s o|jh.klkmkx{$ Bijqj|- es e dexkidem hksoiz|sj- kx ks vissklmj ai| xbj vivzmexkid

xi kneckdj szob e vesx- edh xi v|igjox kxs |jmjqedoj idxi xbjk| v|jsjdx.he{ ok|oznsxedojs$ Eoehjnko bksxi|keds ne{ lj elmj xi v|iqkhj xbjsobime|sbkv o|jhklkmkx{ qke xbjk| |jsje|ob edh |kxkdc id bksxi|ko vj|sid.emkxkjs ia _kdcevi|j$

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Xbks de||exkqj ne{ vissklm{ jnj|cj- szvvi|xjh l{ e v|jmknkde|{vbesj ia eoehjnko sobime|sbkv kd _kdcevi|j$ Xbj Dexkidem Lkic|evb{V|igjox- ks ed id.cikdc v|igjox zdhj| xbj ezsvkojs ia xbj Kdsxkxzxj ia_izxbjesx Esked _xzhkjs- bkob sjj`s xi oimmexj kdai|nexkid id `j{ vj|.sidemkxkjs a|in _kdcevi|js vesx


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xkwjd|{ kxs dexkidem bksxi|koem de||exkqj kmm beqj xi lj |joesx xi o|jexje hk|jox |jmjqedoj edh lje|kdc ia xbj vesx id xbj v|jsjdx.he{ oidxjrx$

Oz||jdx eoehjnko sobime|sbkv oidoj|dkdc xbj bksxi|{ ia _kdcevi|jbes- l{ edh me|cj- szoojssazmm{ |ja|enjh _kdcevi|js joidinko edh vimk.xkoem bksxi|{ xi ehh|jss xbj ak|sx ia xbjsj oidoj|ds$ Xbj ob|idimic{ besjqjd ljjd jrxjdhjh xi kdomzhj xbj v|j.525; vj|kih- leo` xi xbj aiz|.xjjdxb ojdxz|{- xi kmmzsx|exj xbj oidxkdzkx{ edh midcjqkx{ ia xbj kdxj|de.xkidem dexz|j ia _kdcevi|js neo|i.mjqjm joidinko edh vimkxkoem bks.xi|kjs$

Xbj obemmjdcj ai| eoehjnko sobime|sbkv- ex xbks vikdx ks xi ehivx e si.oki.sokjdxkako evv|ieob xi xbj sxzh{ ia xbj bksxi|{ ia _kdcevi|jeds xbexizmh zmxknexjm{ lj qkelmj ai| ehivxkid l{ xbj sxexj es xbj evv|iv|kexj

e{ xi |joidsx|zox xbj dj bksxi|koem de||exkqj$ Xbks kmm beqj ed knveoxid xbj me|cj| oimmjoxkqj njni|{ ia _kdcevi|jeds- bkob ne{ zmxknexjm{hjxj|nkdj ka xbj eoehjnko sobime|sbkv svje`s xi e me|cj|- ni|j cjdj|embinj ezhkjdoj- es ivvisjh xi e ni|j sobime|m{ hksoiz|sj id xbj bksxi|{ia _kdcevi|j$

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Xbj 5;xb.ojdxz|{ bksxi|{ ia _kdcevi|j bes iaxjd ljjd skxzexjh kxbkd xbjxj||kxi|kem oidxiz|s ia xbj v|jsjdx.he{ dexkid.sxexj- i| xbex ia xbj L|kxksbJnvk|j kd _izxbjesx Eske$ Xbjsj bksxi|koem de||exkqjs aiozsjh id _kdce.vi|js oinnj|okem szoojss edh oisnivimkxedksn es xbj lesks ai| kxs kn.vi|xedoj kxbkd xbj L|kxksb knvj|kem s{sxjn edh xbj nizmhkdc ia xbj az.xz|j dexkid.sxexj$ Es Sidcs "


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edh bkdxj|medh)mkxxi|em oidakcz|exkids "edh xbj hkqj|skx{ ia bksxi|koemedh cjic|evbkoem oidxjrxs es jmm es ni|vbimic{ edh jdqk|idnjdxs+- esjmm es hkaaj|jdx oidojvxzemkwexkids ia xbj bkdxj|medh.ai|jmedh nex|kr-bkmj hjmqkdc kdxi xbj uzjsxkid ia Sjsxj|d kdamzjdoj edh obedcj hz|kdcxbj oimidkem vj|kih$

Xbj L|kxksb vi|x ia _kdcevi|j es sknkme| kd ned{ e{s xi xbj Eskedvi|x okxkjs sxzhkjh kd xbjsj qimznjs- lixb v|ki| xi edh hz|kdc xbj Vi|xz.czjsj edh Hzxob vj|kihs ia jrvedskid kd xbj e|obkvjmeci a|in xbj skr.xjjdxb xi xbj jkcbxjjdxb ojdxz|kjs$ Kx azdoxkidjh es e cexje{ dix idm{kd xj|ns ia oinnihkx{ edh vjivmj amis- lzx emsi ai| jrxj|dem khjes-ozmxz|em x|jdhs edh xjobdimickoem kdamzjdojs "\jkh 5;;3+$ [jx- kx esemsi hkaaj|jdx$ Kd ned{ v|j.oimidkem vi|x.vimkxkjs- vimkxkos edh x|ehj j|j

kdjrx|koelm{ mkd`jh- kd es nzob es joidinko jrobedcj es kdxknexjm{ |j.mexjh xi ozmxz|em edh vimkxkoem jrobedcj "@exbk|kxbenl{.Sjmms ! Qkmmkj|s5;;6+$< Xbks es xbj oesj jqjd ai| xbj vi|x ia Njme`e zdhj| Vi|xzczjsjedh Hzxob |jcknjs- edh qe|kizs Jz|ivjed.oidx|immjh vi|x xids a|inxbj skrxjjdxb xi xbj dkdjxjjdxb ojdxz|kjs$? L|kxksb _kdcevi|j es sinj.bex ed edinem{ kd xbj Neme{ i|mh kd xbks |jsvjox- kd xbex xbj ehnkdks.x|exkid ia xbj vi|x.xid es dix hk|joxm{ kdxj|jsxjh kd oidhzoxkdc xbjx|ehj kd xbj nidivsidksxko8 i| nidivimksxko neddj| ia je|mkj| Jz|.ivjed vij|s:- i| jqjd kd xerkdc szob x|ehj$1

Xbj aizdhkdc ia _kdcevi|j- xbj hkqkskid ia Edcmi.Hzxob svbj|js iakdamzjdoj- edh bex es azdhenjdxemm{ e hkqkskid ia vimkxkos edh x|ehjkd xbj dj vi|x edh kxs exxkxzhj xie|hs kxs jdqk|ids- jsvjokemm{ eaxj| xbjojssexkid ia xbj Oinved{ nidivim{ kd xbj Obkde x|ehj kd 52?? "Xz|d.lzmm 5;337 ?:+- |eksjs kdxj|jsxkdc uzjsxkids elizx kxs |jmexkids xi xbj bkd.xj|medh- lixb id xbj vjdkdszme edh id xbj Hzxob skhj ia xbj li|hj|$ Xbjeliqjnjdxkidjh sxzhkjs emm jnvbeskwj xbj knvi|xedoj ia vmeokdc _kdce.vi|js bksxi|{ kxbkd l|iehj| |jckidem edh cmilem oidxjrxs- dix idm{ joi.dinkoemm{- lzx emsi vimkxkoemm{ edh ozmxz|emm{$3 Ka _kdcevi|js viskxkid es

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ai|nkdc edixbj| x|egjoxi|{ xb|izcb xbjk| o|jexkid ia e dj sxexj xi xbjdi|xb ia _kdcevi|j- bkob xii` id xbj denj ia xbj imh `kdchin- Gibi|$Djqj|xbjmjss- kx es xbj szoojss ia L|kxksb _kdcevi|j edh vjdkdszme|Gibi| zdhj| xbj Xjnjdccidc xbex exx|eoxjh ni|j exxjdxkid xbed xbj mex.xj|s |jmexkqjs kd xbj Hzxob \jskhjdo{ ia \kez Mkdcce$; Xbks obevxj| ex.xjnvxs xi mkd` xbj bksxi|{ ia _kdcevi|j xi xbj bksxi|{ ia jmkxj aenkmkjs iaxbj ai|nj| `kdchin ia Gibi|$ Xbj oinve|ksid ia xbjsj aenkmkjs sx|exj.ckjs bes ljjd jrenkdjh kd edixbj| jsse{$ Bj|j- K sbemm aiozs id xbj |imjvme{jh l{ _kdcevi|j kd xbj sx|exjckjs ia sz|qkqem ia xb|jj jmkxj aenkmkjsa|in xbj `kdchin ia Gibi| kd xbj aeoj ia Edcmi.Hzxob knvj|kem jrved.skid edh |jcknj obedcj kxbkd xbj dkdjxjjdxb edh je|m{ xjdxkjxb ojd.xz|{ Neme{ i|mh$ Xbj sx|exjckjs ia jeob aenkm{ dix idm{ |jamjoxjh xbjk|

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Xbj _zmxed kd Mkdcce- Xjdc`z Bzssjkd "mexj| xbj _zmxed ia _kdce.vi|j+- xbj [en Xzed Nzhe "bjdojai|xb [XN+ edh xbj Xjnjdccidcj|j xbj nekd akcz|js ia ezxbi|kx{ kd xbj `kdchin ia Gibi| bisj ai|.

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zdxkm xbj Oinved{ iaakokemm{ misx kxs nidivim{ kd 52??$ Kxs knvj|kem |imjes hjajdskqj- kd jdsz|kdc xbex xbj Hzxob i| xbjk| emmkjs hkh dix jrojjhxbjk| |joicdkwjh lizdhs$ Kx es oj|xekdm{ dix xj||kxi|kem$ Oiddjoxkidsedh x|eaako nexxj|jh ni|j$ Xbj Hzxob- id xbj ixbj| bedh- jdqkskidjh exj||kxi|kem e|obkvjmecko sxexj sknkme| xi bex xbj L|kxksb beh eobkjqjh kdKdhke "Xe|mkdc 5;:2+$

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izxskhj ia xbj x|ehkxkidem `j|egeed s{sxjn kd xbj vjdkdszme edh e|obkvj.meci edh- ai| xbj [XN "\kez+ edh _zmxed "Mkdcce+ aenkmkjs- izxskhj xbjHzxob |jcknj- edh ckqjd kxs did.kdxj|qjdxkidksx sxedoj v|ki| xi 5238-_kdcevi|j ljoenj ed knvi|xedx |joiz|sj ai| xbjsj jmkxj aenkmkjs kd xbjk|lkhs ai| ezxidin{- edh xbjk| oidoinkxedx exxjnvxs xi exx|eox oevkxem- me.liz|- edh khjes ai| xbjk| qe|kizs jdxj|v|ksjs$

Xbj sx|exjckjs edh ai|xzdjs ia xbj Xjnjdccidc- [XN- edh _zmxed"Mkdcce+ aenkmkjs bkcbmkcbxjh xbks Gedzs.aeojh |imj ia _kdcevi|j es jd.x|jvix edh knvj|kem vedivxkoid "xi li||i e vb|esj ia Ljdxbens edhAizoezmxs+56 kd xbj v|iojssjs ia |jcknj obedcj kxbkd xbj dkdjxjjdxbojdxz|{ e|obkvjmeci$ Skxb kxs |ksj es ed jdx|jvix kd xbj ak|sx bema ia xbjdkdjxjjdxb ojdxz|{- xe`kdc iqj| xbj |imj v|jqkizsm{ ioozvkjh l{ vi|xs

mk`j \kez edh Njme`e- _kdcevi|j v|iqkhjh eoojss xi oevkxem- meliz|- oin.nihkxkjs- djxi|`s- kdai|nexkid- edh khjes ojdx|em xi xbjk| exxjnvxs xio|jexj ed ezxidinizs joidinko- ozmxz|em i| vimkxkoem lesj ia vij| edhezxbi|kx{$ Xbj oidqj|cjdoj ia sbkvvkdc- vjivmj- edh oinnihkxkjsnjedx xbex kx ljoenj e cexje{ ai| hkaaj|jdx cmilem "i| x|eds.|jckidem+ozmxz|em edh khjimickoem amis- oiddjoxkdc hkaaj|jdx ve|xs ia xbj e|obkvj.meci xi jeob ixbj| edh xi cmilem ojdx|js ia ezxbi|kx{ edh `dimjhcj-szob es xbj Ixxined oiz|x- xbj Ksmenko |jai|nksx ojdx|js kd xbj NkhhmjJesx- edh Geved$ Kx emsi sj|qjh- ex xbj senj xknj- es ed knvj|kem izxvisx

id xbj Edcmi.Hzxob li|hj| iqj|sjjkdc L|kxksb kdxj|jsxs kd xbj vjdkdsz.me| edh kxs jdqk|ids qks..qks xbisj ia xbj Hzxob edh xbjk| emmkjs- es jmmes ixbj| ai|jkcd vij|s edh ecjdxs$

Xbj hkaaj|jdx |imjs vme{jh l{ _kdcevi|j kd xbj sx|exjckjs ia sz|qkqem iaxbjsj jmkxj aenkmkjs |jamjoxjh kxs sx|ehhmkdc ia xi knvj|kem s{sxjns kdxbj ak|sx bema ia xbj dkdjxjjdxb ojdxz|{ "xbj L|kxksb oinnj|okem nihjedh xbj Hzxob xj||kxi|kem nihj+- xbj x|edskxkid ljxjjd xi hkaaj|jdxx{vjs ia L|kxksb knvj|kem ai|nexkids id xbj vjdkdszme kd xbj oiz|sj iaxbj ojdxz|{- es jmm es xbj xjdskids ljxjjd xbj eliqjnjdxkidjh |imjs$

Zmxknexjm{- xbj o|{sxemmksexkid ia xbj Edcmi.Hzxob a|idxkj| es jmm es |j.ckidem edh cmilem knvj|kem |jmexkids kd xbj i|mh.s{sxjn kd xbj oiz|sjia xbj dkdjxjjdxb ojdxz|{ njedx xbex xbj vissklkmkx{ ia jsoevj a|in xbjoimidkem sx|koxz|js iaaj|jh l{ _kdcevi|js eoojss xi xbj izxskhj ljoenjkdo|jeskdcm{ hkn ai| xbjsj jmkxj aenkmkjs$

L{ xbj ljckddkdc ia xbj xjdxkjxb ojdxz|{- xbj _zmxedexj ia \kez.Mkdc.ce edh xbj [XN iaakoj beh ljjd elimksbjh l{ xbj Hzxob oimidkem ezxbi.|kxkjs- kxb xbj mjehj|s ia xbjsj aenkmkjs cikdc kdxi jrkmj kd _kdcevi|j$Xbj sxexj ia Gibi| id xbj vjdkdszme es ai|nemm{ kdoi|vi|exjh kdxi xbj

L|kxksb Zdajhj|exjh Neme{ _xexjs kxb xbj evvikdxnjdx ia ed Ehqksi|$Xbj jaai|xs ia xbjsj jmkxjs xi xz|d xi Xz|`j{- Geved- edh Midhid |jsvjo.xkqjm{ j|j xi v|iqj azxkmj zmxknexjm{$

CEXJSE[ EDH VEDIVXKOID 8?


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_zmxed Nebnzh7 Imh _x|exjckjs kd e Dj Si|mh

Kd 52:2- |jv|jsjdxexkqjs ia xbj Hzxob ciqj|dnjdx kd Lexeqke hjmkqj|jh ehjo|jj xi _zmxed Nebnzh- bi es xbjd kd _kdcevi|j- hjviskdc bknes xbj |zmj| ia xbj Hzxob \jskhjdo{ ia \kez.Mkdcce edh kxs hjvjdhjd.okjs$ Bj es hjvisjh ljoezsj ia bks |joemokx|edoj kd kcdi|kdc e|dkdcsa|in xbj Ciqj|di|.Cjdj|em kd Lexeqke edh xbj Hzxob \jskhjdx kd \kezdix xi qjdxz|j eo|iss xbj li|hj| kdxi _kdcevi|j edh X|jdccedzedh kd.xj|qjdkdc kd xbj vimkxkos xbj|j$ Kd xbj iaakokem Hzxob eooizdxs- bj behdix idm{ djcmjoxjh xbj eaaek|s ia bks `kdchin- lzx emsi oezsjh jnle|.|essnjdx xi xbj Hzxob ciqj|dnjdx kd xbj aeoj ia L|kxksb v|ixjsxs iqj|bks x|eqjms xi xbj jesx oiesx ia xbj vjdkdszme "Nexbjsid 5;360 \ege Emk

Begk 5;2


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sx{mj "Nexbjsid 5;360 \ege Emk Begk 5;2


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Xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs- kdomzhkdc _kdcevi|j- ljoenj knvi|xedx ak.dedokj|s ia vimkxkos- x|ehj- edh v|ihzoxkid id xbj vjdkdszme$ Kdhkqkhzemnj|obedxs i| omkuzjs edh s{dhkoexjs vme{jh knvi|xedx |imjs kd xbj vimk.xkos ia xbj |jckid- es vimkxkos |jnekdjh kdxknexjm{ oiddjoxjh xi x|ehj hj.svkxj xbj did.kdxj|qjdxkidksx knvj|kem vimko{ ia xbj L|kxksb ehnkdksx|e.xkid$ _kdcevi|j beh e zdkuzj vimkxkoem joidin{ id xbj e|obkvjmeci kdbi vimkxkoem vij| ljoenj hjxeobjh a|in x|ehj$ Es szob- kx v|iqkhjheoojss xi knvi|xedx nexj|kems ia sxexj lzkmhkdc kxbizx jdxekmkdc vimkxkoemszlgzcexkid- kd oidx|esx xi xbj skxzexkid id xbj Hzxob skhj ia xbj li|hj|$

Ljskhjs _kdcevi|j- xbj _zmxed emsi x|eqjmmjh a|juzjdxm{ xi X|jdccedzedh Vebedc- omeknkdc xi lj qkskxkdc bks `kd kd xbjsj vmeojs$ Bks nixbj|es e v|kdojss a|in X|jdccedz- bi ne||kjh bks aexbj| bjd bj beh

aimmijh _zmxed Elhzm \ebned xi xbj `kdchin ai| |jazcj kd 52


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L|kxksb szsvkokids kdo|jesjh elizx xbj _zmxeds qkskxs xi _kdcevi|j- edhbks zsj ia xbjsj ivvi|xzdkxkjs xi kdamzjdoj xbj vimkxkos ia X|jdccedz- bjes xi jreoj|lexj xbj xjdskids az|xbj| kd Ioxilj| 52:1$ Bj beh qjd.xz|jh xi X|jdccedz eaxj| se{kdc ae|jjmm xi xbj L|kxksb ciqj|di| kd _kd.cevi|j edh omeknkdc xbex bj es |jxz|dkdc xi \kez$ Kd |jsvidsj xi L|kx.ksb v|ixjsxs- xbj Hzxob Ciqj|di|.Cjdj|em kd Lexeqke beh |kxxjd xi mjx.xj|s xi _zmxed Nebnzh e|dkdc bkn dix xi qjdxz|j xi _kdcevi|j i| xbjjesx oiesx ia xbj vjdkdszme- xb|jexjdkdc bkn kd xbj sjoidh mjxxj| kxbxbj miss ia bks `kdchin edh Hzxob v|ixjoxkid ka bj hkh si ecekd$ _zmxedNebnzh vekh di bjjh xi xbj e|dkdc "Nexbjsid 5;360 Djxsobj| 5236+$

Xbj akdem sx|e oenj kd 52:3$ Kd xbj nkhsx ia ed knvessj kd xbj szo.ojsskid xi xbj [XN iaakoj- kd bkob bj beh v|io|esxkdexjh id denkdc e

szoojssi| ljoezsj bj hkh dix ec|jj kxb xbj [XN aenkm{s oedhkhexj- bjbeh exxjnvxjh xi hi ee{ kxb xbj iaakoj l{ denkdc ed izxskhj| a|in_kdcevi|j es bks |jv|jsjdxexkqj edh hjnedhkdc xbj |jqjdzjs ia \kez ljvekh xi bkn$ Sbjd bj hkh dix cjx bks e{- xbj _zmxed hjokhjh xi x|eqjmxi _kdcevi|j- ecekdsx xbj ehqkoj ia xbj Hzxob \jskhjdx edh xbj [XN ae.nkm{- kxbizx |jsimqkdc xbks ksszj$ Xbks hk|jox obemmjdcj xi Hzxob ezxbi|.kx{ ai|ojh xbj ciqj|dnjdx kd Lexeqke xi xe`j xbj sxjv ia ai|nemm{ hjvis.kdc bkn "Djxsobj| 52360 \ege Emk Begk 5;2


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_zmxed Nebnzhs sx|exjckjs ia sz|qkqem edh oe|jj| bkcbmkcbxjh xbjGedzs.aeojh |imjs ia _kdcevi|j es cexje{ edh knvj|kem izxvisx "i|vedivxkoid+ kd e vj|kih ia x|edskxkid kd xbj Neme{ i|mh$ Es ed jdx|j.vix zdhj| L|kxksb |zmj- kx v|iqkhjh eoojss xi siz|ojs ia Jz|ivjed edhObkdjsj nj|obedx oevkxem- oinnihkxkjs- edh nedvij| ai| |zmj|s edhobkjas a|in xbj Hzxob svbj|j ia kdamzjdoj edh xbj vjdkdszme sxexjs$Jqjd es xbj L|kxksb ezxbi|kxkjs kd _kdcevi|j edh xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxssizcbx xi nkdknkwj Oinved{ kdxj|qjdxkid kd mioem i| |jckidem vimkxkos-xbj nj|obedx oinnzdkxkjs edh meliz| djxi|`s- jsvjokemm{ xbj Obkdjsj`idcsk- j|j kdqimqjh kd v|isvjoxkqj qjdxz|js ex xbj kdqkxexkid ia edh kdoiivj|exkid kxb mioem |zmj|s i| obkjas$ Xe`kdc xbj oesj ia _jmedci| edhVj|e`- ai| jrenvmj- nzmxk.jxbdko oiemkxkids "leo`jh l{ nj|obedx oevkxem

a|in xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs+ lexxmjh ai| oidx|im ia xkd xj||kxi|{ edhvij| "@bii 5;3


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Xbj njedkdc edh ai|ns ia xbjsj oiddjoxkids j|j |exbj| hkaaj|jdxa|in xbisj ia xbj _zmxed$ Sbkmj joidinko nixkqjs j|j sx|idc- kx eskdsjve|elmj a|in xbj c|ikdc skcdkakoedoj ia _kdcevi|j kd xbj mexj dkdj.xjjdxb ojdxz|{ es e ojdx|j ai| Ksmenko mje|dkdc edh vzlmksbkdc- es jmmes e oidhzkx ai| xbj amis ia khjes- oinnihkxkjs edh vjivmj ljxjjdxbj Nkhhmj Jesx edh xbj e|obkvjmeci- a|in vkmc|kns xi djsvevj|s edhmkxj|exz|j$ Xbj vi|x.okx{ es emsi mexj| xi ljoinj ed knvi|xedx ojdx|jai| je|m{ Neme{ dexkidemksn edh xbj Neme{ medczecj v|jss- es jmm esxbj o|jexkid ia e Neme{.Nzsmkn vzlmko svbj|j$

Ksmenko `dimjhcj djxi|`s beqj bksxi|koemm{ aimmijh xbj negi|x|ehj |izxjs mkd`kdc xbj Nkhhmj Jesx- Kdhke- edh _izxbjesx Eske$ Xbj |zm.kdc jmkxjs kd _izxbjesx Esked vi|x vimkxkjs beqj vme{jh ed knvi|xedx bks.

xi|koem |imj kd xbj vex|idecj ia Ksmen- jsvjokemm{ kd xbj v|inixkid ia Ks.menko mje|dkdc edh v|eoxkoj- edh kd xbj v|ihzoxkid edh hkssjnkdexkidia |jmkckizs `dimjhcj$ Xbj vj|ojkqjh knvi|xedoj ia Ksmenko `dimjhcjes ozmxz|em oevkxem es jqkhjdx kd xbj negi| v|j.dkdjxjjdxb ojdxz|{ vi|x.vimkxkjs kd Vesek- Njme`e- Eojb- di|xbj|d Geqe- Ledxjd- edh Ne`esse| lj.xjjd xbj xbk|xjjdxb edh sjqjdxjjdxb ojdxz|kjsedh Vemjnledc- Vidxke.de`- edh Ledge|nesskd kd xbj jkcbxjjdxb ojdxz|{ "Ew|e


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vess xbjn edh zdhj|nkdj xbjk| viskxkid$ Xbj{ njhkexjh ljxjjd xbjNkhhmj Jesx- ixbj| |jckidem ojdx|js ia Ksmenko `dimjhcj kd xbj e|obkvj.meci- edh xbjk| `kdchin)\jskhjdo{- kd xbj x|edsnksskid edh x|edsmexkidia Ksmenko khjes- hiox|kdj- edh v|eoxkoj$ Xbj{ vme{jh e sknkme| |imj lj.xjjd xbj Hzxob edh mioem)|jckidem |jviskxi|kjs ia Neme{ i|mh bksxi|{edh medczecj$ Sbj|j djojsse|{- xbj{ oenj xi kdqjdx x|ehkxkid- kdBilslens sjdsj- kd i|hj| xi mjckxknksj edh gzsxka{ xbjk| |imjs es|jcjdxs$

Xbj [XN aenkm{ beh ljdjakxjh xbj nisx xj||kxi|kemm{ a|in xbj 52


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edh xjeob kd Vzmez Vjd{jdcex$ Xbj Deusledhk{{ebxe|j`ex i| _zak sobiimes jsxelmksbjh kd Vzmez Vjd{jdcex l{ xbj mjehj|s ia xbj [XN aenkm{-kxb \ege Elhzmmeb- bknsjma [XN ljxjjd 52:3 edh 52:2- |joicdksjh esxbj mjehj| ia xbj l|ixbj|biih "\ege Emk Begk 5;2


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Bkxen- xbj sid ia \ege Emk Begk- ve|xkokvexjh kd xbjsj djxi|`s edh ok|.ozkxs- jsvjokemm{ xbj |jai|nksx svbj|j jnj|ckdc kd xbj Nkhhmj Jesx edhkd _kdcevi|j$ Xbj [XN aenkm{ sizcbx xi lesj xbjk| ezxbi|kx{ iqj| xbjoinnzdkxkjs kd xbj izxm{kdc ksmedhs l{ jnvbeskskdc xbjk| Ksmenko o|j.hjdxkems edh `dimjhcj- jsvjokemm{ xbjk| |imj kd Ksmenko gzsxkoj edh jhz.oexkid "\ege Emk @jmede 5;21+$

Kd xbj mexj 5;xb ojdxz|{- xbj Vj|sj`zxzed \zsbhk{{eb "\zsbhk{eb omzl+es jsxelmksbjh kd Vzmez Vjd{jdcex es xbj lesj ia xbj [XN aenkm{ edhes e ai|zn ai| hjlexj id oidxjnvi|e|{ Ksmenko ksszjs edh ed eqjdzjai| hkssjnkdexkdc |jmkckizs x|jexksjs$ "Le|de|h 5;;8-


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es e ne|`jx ai| xbjk| qe|kizs v|kqexj lzskdjss v|igjoxs edh kdqjsxnjdxs-edh kdhk|joxm{- ai| xbj szvvi|x ia xbjk| |jmkckizs eoxkqkxkjs$ Xbj oinlkdjhjoidinko edh |jmkckizs i|kjdxexkid ia xbj [XN aenkm{ xie|hs _kdce.vi|j es jvkxinksjh kd xbj akcz|j ia \ege Emk @jmede- xbj bjk| evve|jdxxi xbj [XN \ege Nzbenneh [zsza- edh e mjehkdc akcz|j kd Vzmez Vj.d{jdcex Ksmenko sobime|m{ edh mkxj|e|{ ok|omjs kd xbj mexj dkdjxjjdxb ojd.xz|{$ Bj dix idm{ idjh v|ivj|xkjs kd _kdcevi|j- lzx emsi beh bks idsxjensbkv xbex |ed ljxjjd _kdcevi|j- \kez edh xbj Dexzdes$ _kdce.vi|j es emsi xbj ne|`jx ai| l|ko`s a|in bks Lexen aeoxi|{ edh oioi.dzxs a|in bks vmedxexkids kd xbj Dexzdes "Ci|hid 5;;;7 :+$ Bj idjh5: bizsjs kd _kdcevi|j- edh beh bks id |jskhjdoj xbj|j$ _jqj|em Vj.d{jdcex v|kdojs emsi idjh nihjsx |jskhjdojs kd _kdcevi|j- bkob

xbj{ qkskxjh a|juzjdxm{$ Ned{ vjivmj emsi x|ehjh jrxjdskqjm{ kxb _kdce.vi|j nj|obedxs "Edhe{e 5;337 5


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xbj oidszm kd Lexeqke$ \ege Emk @jmede sjjnjh xi beqj cidj di az|xbj|xbed Jc{vx bj|j bj x|kjh xi |juzjsx ed ezhkjdoj kxb xbj @bjhkqj iaJc{vx "Edhe{e 5;33+$

Iqj|xz|js xi xbj Gevedjsj jnvj|i| j|j emsi nehj ex xbks senj xknj"kd Ne|ob 5;6:+- zskdc xbj [XNs oiddjoxkids kd _kdcevi|j- edh xbjc|ikdc Gevedjsj v|jsjdoj kd xbj jsxj|d e|obkvjmeci ex xbj xz|d ia xbjxjdxkjxb ojdxz|{$ _kdcevi|j es ed knvi|xedx lesj ai| Gevedjsj jdx|j.v|jdjz|s edh jdxj|v|ksjs kd xbjk| sizxbe|h ehqedoj kdxi _izxbjesxEske kd xbj mexj dkdjxjjdxb edh je|m{ xjdxkjxb ojdxz|kjs$ _xzhkjs beqjsbid xbj jrxjdx xi bkob xbj Gevedjsj jdx|jv|jdjz|s edh oinvedkjsbeh x|kjh xi vjdjx|exj xbj li|hj| |jckids ia xbj Hzxob Jesx Kdhkjs hz|.kdc xbj xz|d ia xbj xjdxkjxb ojdxz|{- jsvjokemm{ kd xbj vbixic|evb{

lzskdjss- xbj vjhhmkdc ia njhkokdj es jmm es kd xbj nkdkdc edh vmedxe.xkid sjoxi|s- jsvjokemm{ kd |zllj| "Edhe{e 5;33+$

\ege Bkxen- e [XN aenkm{ njnlj|- beh cidj xi _kdcevi|j id xbj jr.ozsj xbex bj es sjxxkdc zv e vbe|neo{ kd oiivj|exkid kxb e Gevedjsjak|n- emxbizcb Hzxob kdxjmmkcjdoj |jvi|xs szccjsxjh xbex bj beh eoxzemm{cidj xbj|j xi djcixkexj kxb xbj Gevedjsj xi bedh iqj| xbj `kdchin ia\kez edh Mkdcce xi xbjn "Edhe{e 5;337 586+$ Xbj c|ikdc joidinkov|jsjdoj ia xbj Gevedjsj kd \kez ljxjjd 5;62 edh 5;55- jsvjokemm{ hz|.kdc xbj |zllj| liin ia 5;6;- edh ed jrxjdskid ia xbj |evkhm{ jrvedh.

kdc Gevedjsj.idjh jsxexjs kd _kdcevi|j- beh ljjd e oezsj ia Hzxoboidoj|d$ Kx es xbks Gevedjsj v|jsjdoj xbex xbj [XN aenkm{ xz|djh xiai| essksxedoj kd |jqj|skdc Hzxob vimko{$ \ege Emk @jmede edh xbj _zmxedia \kez emsi djcixkexjh sjo|jxm{ kxb kdhkqkhzem Gevedjsj ve|xkjs ai| xbjsemj edh |jdxem ia oj|xekd ksmedhs- es jmm es qe|kizs nkdkdc i| oiv|ec|ikdc oidojsskids "Edhe{e 5;337 58:+$ Gevedjsj iaakoj|s beh qkskxjh_zmxed Elhzm \ebned kd \kez kd Ioxilj| 5;56- bjd e Gevedjsj deqemx|ekdkdc jrvjhkxkid medhjh kd \kez$

Sbjd xbj Hzxob ezxbi|kxkjs jqjdxzemm{ hjokhjh xi hjvisj xbj _zmxed

kd 5;56- xbj [XN aenkm{ idoj ecekd xz|djh xi Geved$ Xbj _zmxed obisj_kdcevi|j es bks vmeoj ia jrkmj- aimmijh l{ xbj amkcbx ia me|cj dznlj|sia vjivmj a|in \kez kd jrvjoxexkid ia ed knvjdhkdc e| ljxjjd xbj Ge.vedjsj edh Hzxob$ Xbj _zmxed njx xbj Gevedjsj oidszm kd _kdcevi|jedh xz|djh oivkjs ia emm xbj x|jexkjs ljxjjd xbj Hzxob ciqj|dnjdx edhbknsjma iqj| xi xbj oidszm$ Bj emsi njx kxb Gevedjsj |jv|jsjdxexkqjsxbj|j edh sjdx e mjxxj| xi xbj oinnedhj| ia xbj Gevedjsj suzeh|id kd_kdcevi|j- bin bj beh v|jqkizsm{ jdxj|xekdjh kd \kez$

Xbj njnlj|s ia xbj [XN aenkm{ xz|djh dix idm{ xi xbj Ksmenko nih.

j|dksx svbj|j edh kxs kdxj|dexkidem oiddjoxkids- lzx emsi xi Ved.Eskeddjxi|`s lesjh kd Geved$ Xbj{ ek|jh xbjk| c|kjqedojs kd xbj negi| djs.vevj|s kd _kdcevi|j- kdomzhkdc xbj em.Knen edh xbj _x|ekxs Xknjs- xbjxi negi| Neme{ edh Jdcmksb djsvevj|s kd _kdcevi|j ex xbex xknj$_inj ia xbjsj e|xkomjs j|j |jv|kdxjh kd djsvevj|s edh giz|dems kd Ge.

CEXJSE[ EDH VEDIVXKOID ::


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ved- ai| jrenvmj- xbj Hek Xi- xbj nekd i|ced ia e Ved.Esked siokjx{ kdGeved xbex beh |jojdxm{ ljjd jsxelmksbjh kd 5;56- edh xbj Xi`{i KsmenkoL|ixbj|biih- emsi jsxelmksbjh kd Ev|km ia xbj senj {je| "Edhe{e 5;337585+$

Es Le|le|e Edhe{e "5;33+ bes e|czjh- xbj hjokskid xi xz|d xi Gevedes dix idm{ e |jamjoxkid ia xbks joidinko v|jsjdoj- lzx emsi xbj l|ieh.j| hjlexjs kd xbj Ksmenko djsvevj|s kd Jc{vx edh kd xbj e|obkvjmeci-jsvjokemm{ kd xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs edh _kdcevi|j$ Xbj szoojss ia Ge.ved kd xbj \zssi.Gevedjsj Se| beh dix idm{ nehj kx e siz|oj ia bivjai| Nkhhmj Jesxj|d edh Esked oinnzdkxkjs lexxmkdc Jz|ivjed oimidkemjdo|ieobnjdx lzx emsi mjh xi aj|qjdx hksozsskids elizx Geved es e nih.jm ai| Ksmenko nihj|dksx ok|omjs- kd bkob xjobdimickoem nihj|dksexkid

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\ege Bkxen ljced |ekskdc azdhs kd 5;5< ai| e nksskid xi Xi`{i xiv|jsjdx xbj oesj ia xbj aenkm{ ljai|j xbj Gevedjsj jnvj|i|- kxb e mjxxj|a|in _zmxed Elhzm \ebned edh bks ehqksi|s |juzjsxkdc xbex \kez oinjzdhj| Gevedjsj |zmj kxb xbj _zmxed |jsxi|jh xi bks ai|nj| viskxkid$Xbj e{ bj jdx elizx i|cedkskdc edh |ekskdc azdhs ai| xbj nksskid |j.

amjoxjh xbj l|iehj| |jckidem djxi|`s kd bkob xbj aenkm{ es jn.ljhhjh edh xbj knvi|xedoj ia _kdcevi|j kd mkd`kdc xbjsj ok|ozkxs xi.cjxbj|$ Kd _jvxjnlj| 5;5


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idh$ Xbj v|igjox es xi hkj emidc kxb \ege Bkxen- kd 5;5?- bjd bjvessjh ee{ kd Xi`{i- e qkoxkn ia xbj oimh ia kdxj|- kxbizx eobkjqkdcbks ilgjoxkqj "Edhe{e 5;337 5:?.8+$

Xbj sx|exjckjs ia xbj [XN aenkm{ kd xbj oiz|sj ia xbj dkdjxjjdxb ojd.xz|{ edh jsvjokemm{ kd xbj mesx hjoehj ia xbj \kez.Mkdcce _zmxedexjs jrks.xjdoj |jamjoxjh _kdcevi|js knvi|xedoj es e cmilem oisnivimkxed vi|x.okx{ ex xbj ljckddkdc ia xbj xjdxkjxb ojdxz|{- es e oi|imme|{ xi kxsc|ixb es ed kdxj|dexkidem jdx|jvix$ Kx ljoenj ed knvi|xedx bzl ai| xbjKsmenko kdxjmmjoxzem edh vimkxkoem djxi|`s mkd`kdc xbj e|obkvjmeci kxbojdx|js ia `dimjhcj edh ozmxz|em v|ihzoxkid kd xbj Nkhhmj Jesx- esjmm es ai| xbj ecjdxs edh qkskids ia Ved.Eskedksn oidoinkxedx kxb Ge.veds sizxbe|h joidinko jrvedskid$5:

Xbj oidqj|cjdoj ia edh kdxj|eoxkid ljxjjd xbjsj xi ai|ojs v|i.qkhjh xbj leo`c|izdh ai| xbj sx|exjckjs ehivxjh l{ xbj [XN aenkm{ecekdsx az|xbj| Hzxob jdo|ieobnjdx ex xbj xz|d ia xbj xjdxkjxb ojd.xz|{$ Djqj|xbjmjss- xbj aekmz|j ia xbj [XN aenkm{s iqj|xz|j |jamjoxjh xbjo|{sxemmksexkid ia xbj knvj|kem i|mh.s{sxjn edh kxs li|hj|s$ Xbzs- hj.svkxj xbj o|iss.li|hj| Ved.Ksmenko edh Ved.Esked qkskids jsvizsjh l{xbj Ixxined oiz|x edh oj|xekd c|izvs kd Geved- xbjsj sxexjs j|j |jmzo.xedx xi vzsb xbj oezsjs ia xbj hkaaj|jdx jmkxjs kxbkd xbj Hzxob Jesx Kd.hkjs xb|jexjdjh l{ Hzxob oimidkem jrvedskid$ Xbj jaai|xs ia xbj [XN ae.

nkm{ j|j zmxknexjm{ azxkmj- edh xbj{ j|j xi |jnekd kd jrkmj$

Xbj Xjnjdccidc Aenkm{7 _kdcevi|j edh Obedckdc Knvj|kemQkskids

Xbj oesj ia xbj Xjnjdccidc aenkm{ kd _kdcevi|j edh Gibi| s{dxbjsksjsxbj xbjnjs bkcbmkcbxjh je|mkj| kd xbj hjqjmivnjdx ia _kdcevi|j es edjdx|jvix- e ojdx|j ai| L|kxksb knvj|kemksn- edh es e oisnivimkxed ojdx|j

ia ozmxz|em x|edsnksskid edh v|ihzoxkid kd xbj |jckid$ Xbj obedcjs kdL|kxksb knvj|kem vimko{ edh xbj knvj|kem jdqk|idnjdx xi sbevj xbj sx|e.xjckjs ia xbj Xjnjdccidc aenkm{ kd xbj mesx hjoehjs ia xbj dkdjxjjdxbedh xbj je|m{ hjoehjs ia xbj xjdxkjxb ojdxz|{- edh xbjk| xkjs kxb _kdce.vi|j$ Xbjsj sx|exjckjs |jamjoxjh xbj obedckdc |jmexkids ljxjjd xbj ae.nkm{ edh xbj L|kxksb ehnkdksx|exkid kd _kdcevi|j$ Xbj aenkm{ es xiszoojjh bj|j xbj xi v|jqkizs oesj sxzhkjs aekmjh- zmxknexjm{- l{ vzsb.kdc ai| cmilem |joicdkxkid$

Hjsvkxj xbjk| knvi|xedoj es skcdexi|kjs xi xbj kdkxkem ec|jjnjdx kxb

xbj L|kxksb iqj| _kdcevi|j edh bks |imj kd l|i`j|kdc xbj ve|xkokvexkid iaXjdc`z Bzssjkd kd xbj e||edcjnjdxs- bkob mjdx kx mjckxkneo{ kxbkdxbj xj|ns |jcdedx kd xbj Neme{ i|mh- xbj Xjnjdccidc es c|ehzemm{ne|ckdemksjh a|in xbj ehnkdksx|exkid ia xbj vi|x$ Eme|njh l{ xbj ex.xjnvxs ia bks aimmij|s xi jreox xerjs a|in xbj vivzmeoj kd xbj dj vi|x

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xid- es jmm es ixbj| hksec|jjnjdxs iqj| xbj |imj ia xbj Xjnjdccidckd xbj dj vi|x- xbj L|kxksb ehnkdksx|exkid ai|ojh xbj aenkm{ xi |jmioexjizxskhj xbj dj oinnj|okem xid xi Xjmz` Ljmedce "X|io`k 5;3;7 8;.::+$ Xbj 52


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xknj- bj es elmj xi exx|eox Obkdjsj oevkxem edh meliz|- dixelm{ a|in xbjObkdjsj cenlkj|.edh.vjvvj| joidin{ kd _kdcevi|j- ai| xbj hjqjmiv.njdx ia vjdkdszme| Gibi| xb|izcb xbj jrxjdskid ia xbks ozmxkqexkid xixbj |jckid$ Bj emsi eobkjqjh oidx|im iqj| xbj |jckid xb|izcb xbj ksszjia mjxxj|s ia ezxbi|kx{ zdhj| xbj `edc.obz s{sxjn$ Kd xbks e{- bj eselmj xi me{ omekn xi Gibi|- hjsvkxj xbj obemmjdcjs a|in bks |kqem- Xjdc`zEmk- xbj sid ia _zmxed Bzssjkd kd _kdcevi|j "Xbki 5;1;0 X|io`k 5;3;-5;;6+$

Bks oidxkdzjh elkmkx{ xi oidxkdzj xi xev xbj L|kxksb oinnj|okem djx.i|`s edh _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs ehnkdksx|exkid es hzj xi bks essiokexkidkxb xbj dj Neme{ nksskide|{ sobiims sjx zv l{ xbj \jqj|jdh @jeslj|.|{- ed knvi|xedx nksskide|{ jhzoexi| edh vzlmksbj| kd xbj je|m{ edh

nkh.dkdjxjjdxb ojdxz|{$ Xbj sjdhkdc ia bks sid- xbj mexj| Xjnjdccidcedh _zmxed Elz Le`e|- edh sjqj|em obkmh|jd ia bks jdxiz|ecj- xi @jes.lj||{ es xi v|iqj o|zokem kd xbj hjqjmivnjdx ia xbj aenkm{s ai|xzdjs"X|io`k 5;3;7 56;- ?


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_kdcevi|j didjxbjmjss szaaj|jh$ Bks skxzexkid es xi i|sjd kxb |j.qj|sjs kd Vebedc- Djcj|k _jnlkmed- edh Nze|- hz|kdc xbj nkh.5216s"X|io`k 5;3;7 552.58;+$

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`kdchin ia Gibi|$ \zvj|x Jnj|sids jrvmedexkid ia xbks qkskx es nisxevx$ Xbj Xjnjdccidc edh bks aenkm{ |joicdkwjh xbex _kdcevi|j esdix xbj ojdx|j ia xbj Jnvk|j- edh beh nehj xbjnsjmqjs ex binj kdMidhid edh hkso|jjxm{ xb|id xbjk| kdamzjdoj xbj|j kdxi xbj lemedojecekdsx xbj mioem iaakokemhin ia Neme{e "Jnj|sid 5;187 5;20 X|io`k5;3;7 58;+$ K|idkoemm{ kx es xbjk| oiddjoxkids kxb _kdcevi|j xbex v|i.qkhjh xbjn kxb xbj oiddjoxkids "edh kdai|nexkid+- ozmxz|em oevkxem edhbj|jkxbem xi ehivx xbks sx|exjc{$ Az|xbj|ni|j- Xjnjdccidc Elz Le.è|s jhzoexkid edh jrvj|kjdoj es e {izdc ned bema kd xbj x|ehkxkidem

Neme{ i|mh edh bema kd xbj i|mh ia e oisnivimkxed L|kxksb vi|x mekhxbj aizdhexkid ai| xbj szoojss ia xbks sx|exjc{ "X|io`k 5;3;7 58;.5:60Skdsxjhx 5;3;7 56;+$

Kd Midhid- Xjnjdccidc Elz Leè| beh njx xbj Uzjjd edh xbj |i{emaenkm{- ne`kdc e qj|{ aeqiz|elmj knv|jsskid id Uzjjd Qkoxi|ke edh xbjV|kdoj ia Semjs- mexj| Jhe|h QKK$ Bj oidxkdzjh xi nekdxekd e oi||j.svidhjdoj kxb Uzjjd Qkoxi|ke- edh es `did xi beqj- zvid iooe.skid- evvjemjh xi bj| edh xbj ciqj|dnjdx kd Midhid id vimkxkoem nex.xj|s- jaajoxkqjm{ l{vesskdc xbj Ciqj|di| kd _kdcevi|j "X|io`k 5;3;7 58;+$

Kd 523:- bj jqjd x|eqjmmjh xi Oemozxxe xi njjx xbj V|kdoj ia Semjs$Bijqj|- x|edsojdhkdc xbjsj ve|enjxj|s hkh dix njed ai|se`kdcxbjn$ Kd aeox- eobkjqkdc |joicdkxkid enidc xbj ok|omjs ia |i{emx{ kd Jz|.ivj- Obkde- Geved- edh kd xbj Djxbj|medhs Jesx Kdhkjs j|j knvi|xedxsx|exjckjs ai| e|xkozmexkdc bks sxexzs es |i{emx{ edh obedckdc xbj vj|ojv.xkids ia bks sxexzs edh vmeoj kd xbj Neme{ i|mh edh kd xbj L|kxksb kn.vj|kem svbj|j kd _izxbjesx Eske$ Kx es id xbks giz|dj{ xbex bj sxe|xjhzskdc xbj xkxmj Nebe|ege es bks v|kne|{ xkxmj "X|io`k 5;3;7 5:8+$51 Xbjknvi|xedoj ia e |i{em xkxmj edh |joicdkxkid es e siqj|jkcd |zmj| es e ni.

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edh nkdksxj| es xbj mjehj|s ia e hjmjcexkid xi xbj [XN edh \ege EmkBegk kd \kez xi kduzk|j xbj Xjnjdccidcs oizmh di essznj siqj|.

16 @IB @JDC SJ


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jkcd vij|$ Es Skdsxjhx "5;3;7 56;+ dixjh- xbks es lzx e jzvbj.nksn ai| e |i{em xkxmj kd \kez$ Eaxj| e sz|qj{ ia xbj cjdjemickjs ex\ege Emk Begks hksvisem- edh hksozsskids iqj| xbj ak|sx Ljdhebe|e _zm.xed- xbj sid ia Xzd Belkl- es jmm es kdxj|qkjs iqj| xbj |kcbxs ia _zmxedBzssjkd edh bks sid- _zmxed Emk- xbjk| |juzjsx es ec|jjh xi l{ xbj[XN edh \ege Emk Begk$ \ege Emk Begk e||kqjh kd _kdcevi|j ai| xbj svjok.ako vz|visj id 3xb Ne{ 5212 xi e||edcj xbkdcs "Skdsxjhx 5;3;7 562.;+$53

Kx sjjnjh xbex kx es idm{ eaxj| xbj oidak|nexkid ia xbj dj xkxmj l{\ege Emk Begk eoxkdc id ljbema ia xbj [XN edh _zmxed- xbex bj |jojkqjhoidak|nexkid kd bks xkxmj l{ xbj L|kxksb$ Kx es id ?6 Gzdj 5212 xbex bjemsi |ixj xi xbed` xbj Ciqj|di| ia xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs- _k| Be||{

I|h- ai| xbj L|kxksb ciqj|dnjdxs eoojhkdc xi bks |juzjsx xi lj |jaj||jhxi es Nebe|ege "Skdsxjh 5;3;7 56;+$

Nebe|ege Elz Le`e|s sx|exjckjs eaxj| xbj 5216s |jamjoxjh xbj obed.ckdc L|kxksb knvj|kem qkskid kd xbj vjdkdszme- edh xbj obedckdc |imj ia_kdcevi|j kd dkdjxjjdxb.ojdxz|{ _izxbjesx Eske$ A|in ed jdx|jvix kd eoinnj|okem djxi|` mkd`kdc Kdhke edh Obkde- _kdcevi|j ljoenj ed kn.vi|xedx lesj ai| L|kxksb knvj|kem jrvedskid id xbj vjdkdszme$ Emxbizcbxbj Nebe|ege- mk`j Hejdc Kl|ebkn ljai|j- oenj xi vme{ ed knvi|xedxnjhkexkdc |imj ljxjjd xbj L|kxksb ciqj|dnjdx kd xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmj.

njdxs edh xbj Neme{ |zmj|s id xbj vjdkdszme- xbj ezxidinizs viskxkidia Gibi| ljoenj kdo|jeskdcm{ ed edinem{ kd xbj j{js ia xbj _x|ekxs_jxxmjnjdxs ciqj|dnjdx kd _kdcevi|j- kxb xbj c|ehzem kdoi|vi|exkidia xbj vjdkdszme zdhj| kdhk|jox L|kxksb |zmj$

Xbj iaakokems ia xbj L|kxksb knvj|kem ehnkdksx|exkid kd _kdcevi|j behoinj xi sjj xbj imh vimko{ ia zskdc e Neme{ |zmj| es kdxj|njhke|{ edhehqksi| kd xbjk| hjemkdcs kxb xbj vimkxkjs edh |zmj|s id xbj vjdkdszmees ed edinem{ kd xbj dj knvj|kem ai|nexkid$ Xbj jnj|cjdoj ia iaak.okems bi j|j edxkxbjxkoem xi bkn edh bi sizcbx e dj- ni|j hk|jox

evv|ieob xi L|kxksb kdxj|qjdxkid kd xbj vjdkdszme- szob es _k| A|jhj|ko`Sjmh "es ciqj|di|+ edh xbj Je|m ia @knlj|mj{ "bi es xbj Oimidkem _j.o|jxe|{ kd 5226+- hesbjh ed{ bivjs bj beh ia sjoz|kdc szvvi|x a|in_kdcevi|j ai| bks |joicdkxkid es _zmxed$ Kd xbj je|m{ 5226s- xbj|j eskdo|jeskdc v|jssz|j a|in xbj Ciqj|di| A|jhj|ko` Sjmh xi jdh xbj kdai|.nem ehqkoj vimko{ xbex beh v|jqkizsm{ ljjd vz|szjh kd Gibi|- edh xi ev.vikdx e \jskhjdx xbj|j mk`j kd xbj ixbj| vjdkdszme sxexjs "Xbki 5;137565.5610 _eh`e 5;120 X|io`k 5;3;+$

Xbj ciqj|di| ia xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs kd _kdcevi|j emsi x|kjh xi jdh

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Sjmh "Xbki 5;137 565+$ Xbj|j j|j emsi ksszjs kxb xbj Gibi|s |zmj|s"edh v|kqexj ehqksi|s+ oidojsskids ia medh xi ai|jkcd oinvedkjs kxb.izx xbj evv|iqem ia xbj Ciqj|di| i| xbj Oimidkem Iaakoj$ Sjmh emsi|eksjh xbj svjox|j ia A|jdob akdedokj|s zdhj|xe`kdc xbj hjqjmivnjdx iaxbks oidojsskid$ Sjmhs v|ivisems id iqj| sinj kd xbj Oimidkem Iaakoj-lzx xbj Vj|nedjdx Zdhj|._jo|jxe|{ sxiih l{ Elz Le`e|$ Djqj|xbjmjss-xbj Nebe|ege beh ljoinj eme|njh elizx |zniz|s kd _kdcevi|j iaSjmhs vmed- edh jqjd kdqkxjh xbj eoxkdc ciqj|di|- _k| Ojokm _nkxb- xixiz| Gibi| xi kxdjss kxs hjqjmivnjdx edh ehnkdksx|exkid$

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_kdcevi|j emsi ljmkjqjh xbex Elz Le`e| hkh dix beqj xbj |kcbx xi zsj xbjxkxmj- edh xbex xbks izmh dix idm{ e|izsj xbj ivviskxkid ia xbj ixbj| Ne.me{ |zmj|s- lzx emsi xbjk| hkshekd- edh mij| xbj sxedhkdc ia xbj L|kxksbkd xbjk| j{js "Skdsxjh 5;3;7 555+$

Xbzs- bjd bj nehj bks 522: x|kv xi Jdcmedh- bks ekn es xi sjoz|j|joicdkxkid es e |zmj| i| _zmxed- es jmm es eqj|x L|kxksb kdxj|qjdxkid kdbks sxexj$ Xi hi si- bj zxkmksjh xbj xkjs bj beh nehj kd bks v|jqkizs qks.kxs xi Midhid- edh djcixkexjh hk|joxm{ kxb xbj Oimidkem iaakoj$ Es e |j.szmx ia e x|jex{ bj skcdjh kxb xbj _jo|jxe|{ ia _xexj eoxkdc id ljbema ia

xbj Uzjjd kd 522:- bj |jmkduzksbjh oidx|im iqj| bks ai|jkcd vimko{ xixbj Oimidkem Iaakoj- edh sjoz|jh bks ezxidin{ kd xbj ciqj|dkdc ia Gi.bi|- emxbizcb xbj x|jex{ hjome|jh xbex bj izmh dix kdxj|qjdj kd xbj vim.kxkos i| ehnkdksx|exkid ia ed{ dexkqj sxexj kxbizx xbj vj|nksskid ia xbjL|kxksb ciqj|dnjdx- edh zdhj|xii` dix xi c|edx oidojsskids xi ixbj|xbed L|kxksb szlgjoxs- L|kxksb Oinvedkjs- i| vj|sids ia Obkdjsj- Neme{-i| ixbj| I|kjdxem \eoj kxbizx L|kxksb vj|nksskid$

Bks |juzjsx xi zsj xbj xkxmj ia _zmxed ia Gibi| es emsi eoojhjh xi-emxbizcb kx es hjjnjh djojsse|{ xi hjakdj kx kd e e{ xbex izmh v|j.

qjdx ed{ oidazskid kxb xbj imhj| xkxmj- bkob knvmkjh |kcbxs xi xbj\kez.Mkdcce e|obkvjmeci- Vebedc edh Djcj|k _jnlkmed$ Xbj xkxmj ia _zm.xed ia xbj _xexj edh Xj||kxi|{ ia Gibi| es hjokhjh zvid "Xbki 5;137561+$ Xbj Nebe|ege beh sjoz|jh bks sxedhkdc es e siqj|jkcd |zmj| l{beqkdc xbj x|jex{ |joicdksjh es idj skcdjh ljxjjd xi siqj|jkcd |zmj|s

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edh ciqj|dnjdxs- |exbj| xbed ljxjjd xbj oimidkem ciqj|dnjdx kd _kd.cevi|j edh bknsjma$52

Xbj Nebe|eges x|eqjms xi Midhid- Jz|ivj- Geqe- edh Geved kd xbj5236s edh 5226s j|j e |jsvidsj xi bks obedckdc |jmexkids kxb xbjL|kxksb ciqj|dnjdx kd _kdcevi|j edh xbj vjdkdszme eaxj| xbj kdxj|qjd.xkid kd xbj jsx oiesx sxexjs edh kd Vebedc$ Kx es eknjh ex jrvedhkdcxbj ve|enjxj|s ai| jsxelmksbkdc bks |i{em sxexzs edh |ed`$ Kdsxjeh ia gzsxMidhid- bj sizcbx xi sxe`j Gibi|s vmeoj kxbkd xbj cmilem a|enji|`ia siqj|jkcd sxexjs edh |i{emx{- edh sjoz|j |joicdkxkid xbex es dixai|xboinkdc a|in xbj L|kxksb ciqj|dnjdx kd xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs i|xbj ixbj| Neme{ |zmj|s kd xbj |jckid l{ x|edsojdhkdc xbjsj ve|enjxj|s$

Xbj Nebe|ege es xi kdo|jesj xbj a|juzjdo{ ia bks x|eqjms eaxj| xbj

5216s$ Xbj vj|kih ljxjjd xbj 5216s edh 52;6s j|j xi sjj xbj Nebe|.ege l|iehjd bks ok|ozkxs ia x|eqjm xi ixbj| ve|xs ia Jz|ivj edh xi JesxEske$ Kd xbj 5236s edh 5226s- xbj Nebe|ege qkskxjh xbj @eksj| kd Cj|.ned{- xbj @kdc ia Kxem{- Jnvj|i| A|edoks Gisjvb ia Ezsx|ke- edh _zmxedElhzm Benkh ia Xz|`j{ "Skdsxjhx 5;3;7 55;0 Oedhkmki edh L|jssed


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Bks |joicdkxkid es _zmxed l{ xbj Oimidkem Iaakoj edh xbj Uzjjd hkhdix sxiv _k| A|jhj|ko` Sjmh edh ixbj| iaakokems kd _kdcevi|j a|in v|jss.kdc ai| e ni|j hk|jox L|kxksb |imj kd xbj ehnkdksx|exkid ia Gibi|$ Djqj|.

xbjmjss- _zmxed Elz Leè| ljbeqjh kdo|jeskdcm{ mk`j ed kdhjvjdhjdx si.qj|jkcd kd xbj 5226s edh 52;6s qks..qks xbj ciqj|dnjdx kd _kdcevi|j-lzx bj es oe|jazm xi ehbj|j xi xbj ivkdkids ia xbj Oimidkem Iaakoj "edhxbj _jo|jxe|{ ia _xexj+$ Eaxj| bks |joicdkxkid es _zmxed- bj beh emsi sjxzv ed ehqksi|{ lie|h nehj zv ia ai|nj| ciqj|di|s edh iaakokems a|inxbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs ciqj|dnjdx kd _kdcevi|j edh xbj Oimidkem Ia.akoj$ Xbks lie|h zsz|vjh xbj |imj vme{jh l{ xbj Ciqj|di| qks..qks xbjixbj| sxexjs "Xbki 5;137 562+$

Emm xbjsj njesz|js j|j e njeds xi eqikh Gibi| s kdoi|vi|exkid kdxi

xbj l|iehj| s{sxjn ia kdhk|jox L|kxksb |zmj edh l{vesskdc xbj ojdx|j iaxbex s{sxjn- _kdcevi|j$ Djqj|xbjmjss- bkmj _kdcevi|j es ljoinkdc edehqj|se|{ kd xbj _zmxeds exxjnvxs xi nekdxekd xbj ezxidin{ ia bks`kdchin- kx |jnekdjh ed knvi|xedx hknjdskid ia Gibi|s joidin{$ Bj`jvx zv bks qkskxs xi Jz|ivj edh Midhid- nekdxekdkdc e omisj |jmexkid.sbkv kxb xbj Uzjjd "Skdsxjhx 5;3;7 55;+$ Kx vj|bevs oenj es di sz|.v|ksj xbjd- xbex bj vessjh ee{ bkmj qkskxkdc Midhid kd 52;:- e x|kv xbj_zmxed beh xe`jd ecekdsx bks hioxi|s ehqkoj$ Xbj Ajhj|exjh Neme{ _xexjsj|j idm{ ai|njh kd 52;:- xbj senj {je| xbex _zmxed Elz Leè| s

vessjh ee{$ Djqj|xbjmjss- xbj Oimidkem Iaakoj es dix cikdc xi ai|ojxbj evvikdxnjdx ia ed Ecjdx es v|iqkhjh ai| kd xbj 522: x|jex{ zdxkm5;6;$ Xbks es e xjsxenjdx xi xbj kdsxkxzxkids edh hkvmineo{ ia xbj imh_zmxed$

Sbkmj Gibi| nedecjh xi eqikh ljkdc kdomzhjh kd xbj Ajhj|exjh Neme{_xexjs kd 52;:- |jvjexjh jaai|xs j|j nehj xi kdoi|vi|exj Gibi| kdxi xbjA$N$_$ kd xbj aimmikdc hjoehjs$ _obime|s beqj e|czjh bi _zmxed Kl|e.bkn- bks szoojssi|- meo`jh xbj eh|ikxdjss edh hkvmineo{ ia bks aexbj|-edh iqj|vme{jh bks oe|hs xb|izcb bks l|zsuzjdjss kd hjemkdc kxb xbj

Bkcb Oinnksskidj|- xbj Ciqj|di| edh xbj Oimidkem Iaakoj id qe|kizsnexxj|s ia hksvzxj- nisx knvi|xedxm{ xbex ia xbj jrxjdskid ia xbj Ajhj|.exjh Neme{ _xexjs \ekme{ kdxi Gibi| "Xbki 5;137


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djms xbex bks aexbj| beh x|kjh si be|h xi ozmxkqexj- xbj {izdc _zmxed oenjzdhj| kdo|jeskdc v|jssz|j xi eoojvx e L|kxksb ecjdx- bkob bj eoojhjhxi kd 5;6;$ Kd 5;5?- xbj vij|s ia xbj ecjdx j|j akdemm{ zvc|ehjh xixbex ia e \jskhjdx- ne|`kdc Gibi|s kdoi|vi|exkid kxbkd xbj L|kxksb s{s.xjn ia kdhk|jox |zmj$5;

Skxb Gibi|s kdoi|vi|exkid kdxi xbj L|kxksb Jnvk|j id xbj vjdkdszme-_kdcevi|js knvi|xedoj ai| xbj |zmkdc jmkxjs ia Gibi| jnj|cjh idojecekd$ \jskcdjh xi L|kxksb kdxj|qjdxkid- xbj _zmxed kdsksxjh id eqikhkdced{ oinnzdkoexkid kxb xbj Bkcb Oinnksskidj| ia xbj A$N$_$ hjsvkxjbks jaai|xs xi l|kdc Gibi| zdhj| bks vz|qkj "es ve|x ia xbj vjdkdszme+-edh oi||jsvidhjh hk|joxm{ kxb xbj _x|ekxs _jxxmjnjdxs ciqj|dnjdx kd_kdcevi|j$ Kd xbks oidxjrx- _kdcevi|j ljoenj ed knvi|xedx kdxj|njhk.

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cknj obedcj kxbkd xbj Neme{ i|mh |jckid- l{ jrenkdkdc xbj x|eqekmsia xb|jj jmkxj aenkmkjs a|in xbj `kdchin ia Gibi| kd xbj aeoj ia Jz|.ivjed knvj|kem jrvedskid$ Kx ks ed exxjnvx xi mioexj _kdcevi|js bksxi|{kxbkd xbj l|iehj| |jckidem a|enji|` ia xbj oimidkem x|edskxkid kd xbjNeme{ i|mh xb|izcb xbj s{dxbjsks ia xbj jrksxkdc sobime|sbkv Pdenjm{xbj i|`s ia X|io`k "5;3;- 5;;6-


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