REFRACTION OF LIGHT. REFRACTION THE BENDING OF LIGHT DUE TO A CHANGE IN ITS SPEED.
REFRACTION OF LIGHT
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Transcript of REFRACTION OF LIGHT
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REFRACTION OF LIGHT
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REFRACTION
• THE BENDING
OF LIGHT DUE
TO A CHANGE
IN ITS SPEED
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• LIGHT TRAVELS AT A CONSTANT SPEED IN A
STRAIGHT PATH THROUGH A MEDIUM
• TRAVELS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS WHEN IT CHANGES
MEDIUMS
• WHEN LIGHT PASSES AT AN ANGLE FROM ONE
MEDIUM TO ANOTHER, IT BENDS
• MORE DENSE THE MEDIUM = LIGHT SLOWS DOWN
(AIR TO WATER)
• LESS DENSE = LIGHT SPEEDS UP (GLASS TO AIR)
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INDEX OF REFRACTION
• THE COMPARISON OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT IN
AIR WITH THE SPEED IN A CERTAIN MATERIAL
• IT’S A MEASURE OF HOW MUCH A RAY OF
LIGHT BENDS WHEN IT ENTERS THE MATERIAL
• EVERY MEDIUM HAS A SPECIFIC ONE
• THE LARGER THE INDEX OF REFRACTION, THE
MORE LIGHT IS BENT
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MIRAGES
• A FLOATING IMAGE THAT APPEARS IN THE DISTANCE & IS DUE TO THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT IN THE
ATMOSPHERE
• HAPPENS DUE TO LARGE CHANGES IN
TEMPERATURE IN THE AIR
• LIGHT REFRACTS AND CAUSES A DISTORTED IMAGE
MIRAGES
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• WHITE LIGHT = ALL VISIBLE COLORS
• EACH COLOR CORRESPONDS TO A PARTICULAR
WAVELENGTH
• EACH WAVELENGTH IS REFRACTED BY A DIFFERENT
AMOUNT
• THE LONGER THE WAVELNGTH, THE LESS BENDING
• RED HAS THE LONGEST WAVELENGTH SO IT’S REFRACTED
THE LEAST…CAUSES RAINBOWS
EM SPECTRUM
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A PIECE OF
GLASS THAT
FORMS THE
SPECTRUM
PRISM
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PRISM
• LIGHT BENDS AS IT ENTERS &
LEAVES BECAUSE THE SPEED OF
LIGHT CHANGES DUE TO A
CHANGE IN MEDIUMS
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LENS
•ANY TRANSPARENT
MATERIAL THAT
REFRACTS LIGHT
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CONVEX LENS - CONVERGES
(BRINGS TOGETHER)
THE LIGHT RAYS
CONCAVE LENS - DIVERGES
(SPREADS OUT) LIGHT RAYS &
CREATES A VIRTUAL IMAGE
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CONVEX LENSES ARE THICKER IN THE CENTER THAN AT THE EDGES
CONVERGING LIGHT RAYS
FOCAL POINT
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COLOR
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TRANSPARENT
• MATERIAL THROUGH WHICH
LIGHT IS EASILY TRANSMITTED
EX: GLASS, WATER, AIR
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TRANSLUCENT
• A SUBSTANCE THAT
TRANSMITS LIGHT,
BUT NO DETAIL
EX: WAX PAPER, FROSTED GLASS
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OPAQUE
• A SUBSTANCE THAT DOES
NOT TRANSMIT LIGHT
EX: BLOCK OF WOOD, SHEET
OF METAL, BLACK CLOTH
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ALL COLORS ARE ABSORBED,
& NO LIGHT IS REFLECTED
WITH WHITE LIGHT ON A BLACK OBJECT
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PRIMARY COLORS OF LIGHT VS. PRIMARY COLORS OF PIGMENTS
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PAINTS ARE PIGMENTS
THEY’RE OPAQUE,
NOT SOURCES
OF LIGHT
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SUBTRACTING COLORS
• WHEN THE 3 PRIMARY PIGMENTS
ARE MIXED EQUALLY,
ALL COLORS ARE ABSORED = BLACK
• BY MIXING MORE & MORE PIGMENTS, MORE
OF THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM IS ABSORBED
(SUBTRACTED) FROM WHAT WE SEE
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POLARIZED LIGHT
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POLARIZED LIGHT
• LIGHT IN WHICH ALL THE WAVES ARE
VIBRATING IN THE SAME DIRECTION
• THE GLARE OF SUNLIGHT IS MOSTLY
HORIZONTAL SO SOME SUNGLASSES ARE
VERTICALLY POLARIZED TO REDUCE GLARE
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HOW WE SEE
CONVEX LENS
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NEARSIGHTED FARSIGHTED
• EYEBALL TOO LONG
• HARD TO SEE AT A DISTANCE
• LENS IS TOO CONVEX SO RAYS CONVERGE IN FRONT
OF RETINA
• CORRECT BY USING CONCAVE LENS TO MAKE
RAYS DIVERGE BEFORE ENTERING EYE
• EYEBALL TOO SHORT
• HARD TO SEE CLOSE UP
• LENS IS NOT CONVEX ENOUGH SO RAYS
CONVERGE BEHIND RETINA
• CORRECT BY USING CONVEX LENS TO MAKE RAYS CONVERGE BEFORE
ENTERING EYE
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OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
CAMERAS
MICROSCOPES
TELESCOPES
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LASERS
• A DEVICE THAT PRODUCES AN INTENSE
BEAM OF LIGHT OF ONE COLOR
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•LIGHT IS ONLY ONE WAVELENGTH
•ALL THE WAVES TRAVEL IN STEP
(ALL CRESTS NEXT TO
EACH OTHER ETC.)
•LIGHT INTENSITY IS NOT REDUCED
BECAUSE LIGHT DOESN’T SPREAD
•CALLED COHERENT LIGHT
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USES OF LASERS
MEASUREMENT
MEDICINE
THEY HEAL WHILE THEY CUT
INDUSTRY
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FIBER OPTICS
LONG, THIN STRANDS OF GLASS OR
PLASTIC THAT CARRY LIGHT FOR
LONG DISTANCES WITHOUT FADING
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• TRANSMIT SIGNALS AS FLASHES OF LIGHT
• CAN CARRY MORE INFORMATION THAN RADIO
WAVES BECAUSE OF HIGHER FREQUENCY
• LASER LIGHT CAN TRAVEL THROUGH THE CURLED
UP OPTICAL FIBER BECAUSE IT IS BENT SO MUCH
THAT IT’S REFLECTED = THIS IS CALLED
“TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION”
FIBER OPTICS
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HOLOGRAPHY
THE TECHNOLOGY THAT USES LASERS TO PRODUCE
3-D VIRTUAL IMAGES
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