Reforms Part 2 & Reforms Part 2 & ImperialismImperialism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PI1xdVgTv5Q

Marxism socialism turned into Anarchism Marxism socialism turned into Anarchism Anarchism- 1814-1876 Anarchism- 1814-1876 Happened in less industrialized and less Happened in less industrialized and less

democratic countriesdemocratic countries Countries such as Russia, Spain, Countries such as Russia, Spain,

Portugal, Italy use radical means to Portugal, Italy use radical means to accomplish goal.accomplish goal.

Goal: destruct the state by using violenceGoal: destruct the state by using violence

Population GrowthPopulation Growth Population Growth 1850-1910 270 million to Population Growth 1850-1910 270 million to

460 million by 1910 rising birthrate medical 460 million by 1910 rising birthrate medical discoveries, environmental factors. discoveries, environmental factors. Emigration to US and S America.Emigration to US and S America.

1880-500,000 left Europe each year1880-500,000 left Europe each year Ships crowded, uncomfortableShips crowded, uncomfortable Urban populations grew, vast migration to Urban populations grew, vast migration to

citiescities

ImpressionalismImpressionalism

Originated in France in 1870sOriginated in France in 1870s Group of artists rejected studios and Group of artists rejected studios and

museums and went to countryside to museums and went to countryside to paint nature directly. paint nature directly.

Shows Daily life, scenes from Paris and Shows Daily life, scenes from Paris and nature. nature.

ImpressionistsImpressionists By the 1840s, photography was By the 1840s, photography was

emerging emerging By the 1870s, a group of painters By the 1870s, a group of painters

took out in a new direction, took out in a new direction, seeking to capture the first fleeting seeking to capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye. object on the viewer’s eye.

ImpressionistsImpressionists Later painters called Later painters called

postimpressionists, developed a postimpressionists, developed a variety of stylesvariety of styles

Vincent van GoghVincent van Gogh experimented with experimented with sharp brushes lines and bright colorssharp brushes lines and bright colors

George SeuratGeorge Seurat arranged small dots arranged small dots of color to define the shapes of of color to define the shapes of objects objects

ImpressionistsImpressionists By the 1840s, photography was By the 1840s, photography was

emerging emerging By the 1870s, a group of painters By the 1870s, a group of painters

took out in a new direction, took out in a new direction, seeking to capture the first fleeting seeking to capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or impression made by a scene or object on the viewer’s eye. object on the viewer’s eye.

Vincent Van Gough Starry Vincent Van Gough Starry NightNight

Dutch Painter major figure of Post Dutch Painter major figure of Post Impressionist originality and power of Impressionist originality and power of expression (painted in asylum before expression (painted in asylum before committing suicide)committing suicide)

Postimpressionist- light and color of Postimpressionist- light and color of Impressionist but attention to structure Impressionist but attention to structure and formand form

PiccassoPiccasso

Pablo Picasso settled in Paris in 1904.Pablo Picasso settled in Paris in 1904. Developed Cubism-geomteric styles , Developed Cubism-geomteric styles ,

recreate reality in viewer’s mind.recreate reality in viewer’s mind.

Jews in European Nation Jews in European Nation StateState

Revival of racismRevival of racism Anti Semitism-back to Middle Ages Anti Semitism-back to Middle Ages

“Christ killers”, blamed for Black Deat“Christ killers”, blamed for Black Deat Jews legal equality – anti Semitism Jews legal equality – anti Semitism

hatred of the Jewshatred of the Jews German anti Semitic partiesGerman anti Semitic parties

Russian JewsRussian Jews

Persecutions and pogromsPersecutions and pogroms Late 1800s- attacks on Jewish Late 1800s- attacks on Jewish

neighborhoods, Mobs murdered Jews neighborhoods, Mobs murdered Jews and looted their homes and storesand looted their homes and stores

1903-1906 700 villages 23,00 Jews elft 1903-1906 700 villages 23,00 Jews elft Russia each year.Russia each year.

Zionist Movement Theodor Herzel create Zionist Movement Theodor Herzel create home in Palestinehome in Palestine

Exam 3 Imperialism Exam 3 Imperialism

ImperialismImperialism Policy of conquering and ruling other Policy of conquering and ruling other

landslands Colonies acquired bc national pride and Colonies acquired bc national pride and

econ competitionecon competition Nations competed for overseas empires.Nations competed for overseas empires. Europeans felt they had right of duty to Europeans felt they had right of duty to

bring progress to other countries. Effect= bring progress to other countries. Effect= racism one race is superior.racism one race is superior.

Causes of ImperialismCauses of Imperialism Industrial Revolution( manufacturers used Industrial Revolution( manufacturers used

colonies for resources)colonies for resources) Nationalism-when one claimed area, other Nationalism-when one claimed area, other

rivals would move by. “prestige”rivals would move by. “prestige” Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials

duty to spread West. Civ.duty to spread West. Civ. Social Darwinism used justify non western Social Darwinism used justify non western

societiessocieties Africans fought Euro imperialismAfricans fought Euro imperialism

Other countries follow Britain’s need for Other countries follow Britain’s need for Colonial necessityColonial necessity

French, DutchFrench, Dutch Spain and Portugal in new empires in Spain and Portugal in new empires in

AfricaAfrica Austria-Hungary- BalkansAustria-Hungary- Balkans Russia- Central Asia and SieriaRussia- Central Asia and Sieria Belgium, Italy, Germany took ove rlands Belgium, Italy, Germany took ove rlands

in Africa (Germ interested in pacific in Africa (Germ interested in pacific islands, and East Asia)islands, and East Asia)

Brit leads, Germany Brit leads, Germany followsfollows

Brit 1800s-most powerful country, by late Brit 1800s-most powerful country, by late 1800s Germ challenged leadership1800s Germ challenged leadership

Brit looked to colonies for markets and Brit looked to colonies for markets and resources.resources.

US and JapanUS and Japan Involved in overseas Involved in overseas expansionexpansion Us with Latin AmericaUs with Latin America Japan Not carved upJapan Not carved up (Like China)(Like China) Started to Modernize-Modernize Japan built up Started to Modernize-Modernize Japan built up

military –shogun- acquires areas in East Asia. military –shogun- acquires areas in East Asia. Japan made Korea colony, s of influence in Japan made Korea colony, s of influence in

ChinaChina

Why Europeans?Why Europeans?

Strong economies, well-organized govs, Strong economies, well-organized govs, powerful armies and navies., superior powerful armies and navies., superior technologytechnology

Control colonies French: direct rule French Control colonies French: direct rule French officials and soldiers sent there to impose officials and soldiers sent there to impose culture.culture.

British- indirect rule In a protectorate, local British- indirect rule In a protectorate, local rulers left in place to follow advice of rulers left in place to follow advice of European advisors.European advisors.

Africa before colonization under rule Africa before colonization under rule declining Ottoman Empiredeclining Ottoman Empire

Dr. David Livingstone-built schools, Dr. David Livingstone-built schools, churches, and clinics improving lives of churches, and clinics improving lives of Africans.Africans.

King Leopald II-Belgium arrange trade King Leopald II-Belgium arrange trade treaties with African leaders.treaties with African leaders.

Leopald’s action-Germ, Brit, France Leopald’s action-Germ, Brit, France scramble for African land.scramble for African land.

Euro leaders met in Berlin to divide Euro leaders met in Berlin to divide continent of Africa. Euro expand into continent of Africa. Euro expand into Africa, more land and resources.Africa, more land and resources.

South Africa South Africa Boer War 1899-1902- Boer War 1899-1902- Britain claimed Boer land,(Boers were Britain claimed Boer land,(Boers were decedents of Dutch farmers)decedents of Dutch farmers)

Brit wanted land bc gold and diamonds Brit wanted land bc gold and diamonds discovered there.discovered there.

Outcome: British high casulties450,000 Outcome: British high casulties450,000 Britt needed to defeat 87,000 BoersBritt needed to defeat 87,000 Boers

3 Muslim Empires Ottoman 3 Muslim Empires Ottoman (Mid East, Safavids, (Mid East, Safavids, Iran(Persia), Mughals, IndiaIran(Persia), Mughals, India

All three empires decline bc corruption and All three empires decline bc corruption and discontentdiscontent

reform and strict religious piety arosereform and strict religious piety arose Reform movements-followers taught to resist Reform movements-followers taught to resist

Brit expansionBrit expansion Example: Egypt became protectorate of BritainExample: Egypt became protectorate of Britain Brit and Rus want oil!Brit and Rus want oil!

Brit East India Company- trading of Mughal Brit East India Company- trading of Mughal empire.empire.

By mid 1800s Brit controlled 3/5 India.By mid 1800s Brit controlled 3/5 India. Brit conquered India by exploiting diversity, Brit conquered India by exploiting diversity,

competition, disunity of princes, used forcecompetition, disunity of princes, used force Brits ended slavery and caste system.Brits ended slavery and caste system. ““Sun always shines on England.”Sun always shines on England.”

British dominated Indian life British dominated Indian life (whether by (whether by technology like the telegraph, emissionary technology like the telegraph, emissionary efforts, efforts,

1850-Sepoy Rebellion- 1850-Sepoy Rebellion- Indian soldiers-Sepoys Indian soldiers-Sepoys Brits told Sepoys bite off tips rifle cartridges, Brits told Sepoys bite off tips rifle cartridges,

rebellion (tips had grease, animal fat on them, rebellion (tips had grease, animal fat on them, agst religious rights)agst religious rights)

Brit built railroads, telegraph lines, educational Brit built railroads, telegraph lines, educational societies set upsocieties set up

Brit governor ruled India as a monarch.Brit governor ruled India as a monarch. Indians dreamed of ending British rule. Indians dreamed of ending British rule.

ChinaChina

Westerners had trade deficit China Westerners had trade deficit China (bought more than they sold to them)(bought more than they sold to them)

British traded Opium for Chinese teaBritish traded Opium for Chinese tea Chinese- said stop drug trade! Opium Chinese- said stop drug trade! Opium

War 1839 War 1839 Chinese defeated- outdated weapons Chinese defeated- outdated weapons

and fightingand fighting

1849- China forced to sign treaties 1849- China forced to sign treaties opening of more ports and allowing opening of more ports and allowing Christian missionaries in China. Christian missionaries in China.

Internal Problems- Peasants revolted (20-Internal Problems- Peasants revolted (20-30 million die) hated Qing gov30 million die) hated Qing gov

Chinese mixed feelings –adopt western Chinese mixed feelings –adopt western ways?ways?

Euro carved out Euro carved out spheres of influence spheres of influence in in ChinaChina

Open Door Policy- US insisted Chinese Open Door Policy- US insisted Chinese trade be open everyone on equal basis.trade be open everyone on equal basis.

Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion

1900- Chinese had Anti foreign feelings1900- Chinese had Anti foreign feelings Many Chinese angry about foreign Many Chinese angry about foreign

presence in their country(Boxers)presence in their country(Boxers) Boxers threw a revolt, murdered Chinese Boxers threw a revolt, murdered Chinese

converted to Christianity, raill road converted to Christianity, raill road workers, etc. workers, etc.

Boxers failed, nationalism increased Boxers failed, nationalism increased Reformers wanted republicReformers wanted republic