Reformation

Religious Revolution?

Agree/Disagree• Think globally . . . Not what we have but what

should exist!

1.Protest is a persons right

2.It is sinful or wrong to challenge authority (government, church, parents)

3.Society benefits when everyone does, thinks, acts the same way

4.Religion is an opiate and distorts the true/meaningful life

Pope Francis Perspectives• Colbert Report: 7 January 2014, Fr. Jim Martin

• 4:45 extended version (mute after girl scout cookies)

• 7:45 – interview starts (11:40 end)

Gutenberg’s Press• Cheaper Books

– No more copying

• More books, pamphlets

• Increases Literacy

• Mass production (internet)

• Anonymous authors– Words not speeches

Origins of Reform• Criticism for centuries but no voice• Northern Renaissance focused on religious humanism

– religion as a social tool

Social Political Economic Religious

- Humanism & Secularism challenge religion

Civic rulers challenge the Pope for power

People were jealous of the Pope’s wealth

Corruption-Indulgences-Simony

Printing Press-Criticisms-Bibles

Pope is viewed as a foreign leader

Anger over paying Church taxes

Parties, orgies and wasteful spending

Remember?• What is an indulgence?

• Who was Luther & what did he believe?

• How did the Church deal with people like Luther?

• What factors made Luther successful?

Luther• Monk who opposes the selling of indulgences

• Nails 95 Theses – criticisms of the Pope/indulgences– Vices, lies, power-hungry

• The Pope excommunicates Luther after he refuses to recant

• Germans Revolt against church and serfdom– Luther condemns them (loses popularity to some)

John CalvinJohn Calvin

– Radically opposes the Pope and even Luther– He creates a theocracy (religious government) in

Geneva, Switzerland– John Knox in Scotland spreads his

teachings and Scottish monarchs become

reformed

~Presbyterian Church

Understanding the Response to Luther

Person Position

1.Luther The pope should not be part of the Church any more.

2.Pope Leo X Group 1

3.Charles V Group 2

4.Luther Group 3

5.Charles V Group 4

6.Prince Frederick Group 5

Reread the subsections titled “The Pope’s Threat” and “The Emperor’s Opposition” on page 490 of your textbook, and then summarize the viewpoint of your assigned historical figure.

What you should have figured out…Person Position

1.Luther The pope should not be part of the Church any more.

2.Pope Leo X If you don’t change your mind, I will take away your right to membership in the Church.

3.Charles V Luther, take back what you have said.

4.Luther No. I have to do what I believe is right.

5.Charles V You are an outlaw. Nobody in my lands

Is allowed to help you. All the books you have written will be burned.

6.Prince Frederick

I will protect you, Luther.

Teachings of the Reformation• Lutheran

– No hierarchy– Two Realms

• Church• Secular

– 3 Sola’s• Faith alone• Scripture alone• Grace alone

– No More• Indulgences• Confessions• Prayer to saints -confusion

• Calvinism (Reformed)– Predestination

• Born sinner or saved

– Theocracy– Moral laws– Bible is the authority on

beliefs– No More

• Indulgences• Confessions• Prayers to saints . . .

English Reformation• Henry VIII – Catholic king “Defender of the

Faith

• Married Spanish Catholic: Katherine of Aragon– Only one daughter (Mary), asks for an annulment– Pope refuses, Henry breaks away

• Henry secretly marries Anne Boleyn (Calvinist)– Passes Act of Supremacy – Head of Anglican

Church– Thomas More: advisor who refuses to swear

• Is imprisoned and executed

Henry VIII• Daughter with Boleyn: Elizabeth

• Boleyn is executed

• He marries Jane Seymour: has son Edward

• Seymour dies, three more wives follow

The Early Christian Church

Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism

Protestantism

Calvinism

Anglicanism

Lutheranism

Episcopalian

Baptist

Methodist

Pentecostal

Presbyterian

Reformed

Luther nails up 95 theses(16th Century)

The Great Schism (1054)

This chart can also be found on page 491.

Religious Beliefs and Practices in the 16th Century

Catholics Lutheranism Calvinism Anglicanism

Leadership Pope is head of Church

Ministers lead Congregation

Council of elders govern each church

English Monarch is head of the Church

Salvation Faith and “Good Works”

Faith Alone Predetermined Faith Alone

Bible Church and Bible tradition are sources of revealed truth

Bible is sole source of revealed truth

Bible is sole source of revealed truth

Bible is sole source of revealed truth

Worship Service

Based on ritual Preaching and ritual

Preaching Ritual and preaching

Interpretation of beliefs

Priest and Church interpret Bible for followers

Believers interpret Bible for themselves

Believers interpret Bible for themselves

Believers interpret the Bible using tradition and reason