reform movements

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Reform Movements

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Power Point over the Progressive Era

Transcript of reform movements

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Reform Movements

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Pure Food and Drug Act

The Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906.

It provided the federal inspection of food products and medicines.

This Act created the Food and Drug Administration, which protects and promotes public health.

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President Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) promoted investigative journalism to expose corrupt and harmful businesses.

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Upton Sinclair, an author, went undercover to investigate working conditions at a meat packing plant.

His book, The Jungle, exposed not only the harsh conditions of workers, but the unhealthy regulations of the food processed in the plants.

The book lead to the creation of the FDA.

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Excerpt from The JungleChapter 9

“…and as for the other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting—sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!”

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Addicting Medications

The Pure Food and Drug Act began to regulate the labeling of habit forming drugs. It required the dosage amount and content.

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Coca Cola

The Pure Food and Drug Act attempted to regulate the amount of caffeine used in cola products.

Coca Cola Company was taking to court, but won, and is allowed to use caffeine as a stimulate.

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Education Reform

John Dewey was an American philosopher and an educational reformer.

“Learn by Doing”

Dewey influenced the national educational reform which created today’s education system.

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Required School Attendance

In 1915, Texas made it a requirement for all children between the age of 6 and 18 to attend school.

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Penalties for not attending

Warn parent in writing;

On noncompliance; file complaint against parents for offense of Class C misdemeanor (up to $500)

Each day constitutes separate offense

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Child Labor Law

As the U.S. industrialized, factory owners hired young workers.

Children were often hired along with parents to make enough money for necessities.

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Child Labor Reform

The National Child Labor Committee was formed in 1904.

It pushed to end child labor and published the health conditions of child workers.

With the help of compulsory education laws, children began to leave the work force.

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Child Labor Ends

It took the Great Depression (1929-1940’s) to end Child Labor. Desperate adults were willing to take the same pay as children.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, which limited forms of labor.

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Child Labor In Texas

Texas first passed its first child labor law in 1903.

Today, in Texas, children of the age of 14 are allowed to work in certain conditions and are limited to the amount of hours during the school year.

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Women’s Suffrage“no state can be a true democracy in which one half of the people are

denied the right to vote”

Before 1920, Women did not have the right to vote.

Women organized rallies to gain the right to vote.

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Texas women, Eleanor Brackenridge, Minnie Cunningham, Annie Webb Blanton, and Jane McCallum were all important activist for women suffrage.

Jane McCallum

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19th Amendment

In 1920, States ratified the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote.

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Temperance

The Temperance Movement’s mission was to reduce or eliminate the use of alcohol.

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ProhibitionMen and women both supported

prohibition - the banning of making, transporting, and selling of alcohol.

Organizations: The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the Anti-Saloon League

Half of Texas counties supported prohibition by the 1900’s.

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18th Amendment

Morris Sheppard of Texas sponsored a constitutional amendment for national prohibition.

In 1919, the 18th Amendment was ratified, making the sell and manufacture of alcohol illegal

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Reflection Questions

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Why did women create the NWP?What were they trying to gain and end?

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Why do you think speakeasies, or illegal bars were created?